1
|
Khadka S, Dziadowicz SA, Xu X, Wang L, Hu G, Busada JT. Endogenous glucocorticoids are required for normal macrophage activation and gastric Helicobacter pylori immunity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.14.575574. [PMID: 38293225 PMCID: PMC10827053 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.14.575574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones well-known for their potent anti-inflammatory effects. However, their immunomodulatory properties are multifaceted. Increasing evidence suggests that glucocorticoid signaling promotes effective immunity and that disruption of glucocorticoid signaling impairs immune function. In this study, we conditionally deleted the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the myeloid lineage using the LysM-Cre driver (myGRKO). We examined the impact on macrophage activation and gastric immune responses to Helicobacter pylori , the best-known risk factor of gastric cancer. Our results indicate that compared to WT, GRKO macrophages exhibited higher expression of proinflammatory genes in steroid-free conditions. However, when challenged in vivo, GRKO macrophages exhibited aberrant chromatin landscapes and impaired proinflammatory gene expression profiles. Moreover, gastric colonization with Helicobacter revealed impaired gastric immune responses and reduced T cell recruitment in myGRKO mice. As a result, myGRKO mice were protected from atrophic gastritis and pyloric metaplasia development. These results demonstrate a dual role for glucocorticoid signaling in preparing macrophages to respond to bacterial infection but limiting their pathogenic activation. In addition, our results support that macrophages are critical for gastric anti- Helicobacter immunity.
Collapse
|
2
|
Ansari S, Yamaoka Y. Animal Models and Helicobacter pylori Infection. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113141. [PMID: 35683528 PMCID: PMC9181647 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonize the gastric mucosa of at least half of the world’s population. Persistent infection is associated with the development of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and an increased risk of gastric cancer and gastric-mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. In vivo studies using several animal models have provided crucial evidence for understanding the pathophysiology of H. pylori-associated complications. Numerous animal models, such as Mongolian gerbils, transgenic mouse models, guinea pigs, and other animals, including non-human primates, are being widely used due to their persistent association in causing gastric complications. However, finding suitable animal models for in vivo experimentation to understand the pathophysiology of gastric cancer and MALT lymphoma is a complicated task. In this review, we summarized the most appropriate and latest information in the scientific literature to understand the role and importance of H. pylori infection animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shamshul Ansari
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879-5593, Oita, Japan;
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879-5593, Oita, Japan;
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-97-586-5740
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Study of the correlation between the expression of nuclear factor kappa B and proliferation regulatory proteins and chronic superficial gastritis. VOJNOSANIT PREGL 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/vsp200807135h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim. Cell proliferation and the regulation of protein expression play an important role in gastritis, but in chronic superficial gastritis (CSG), they are rarely reported. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B) and regulatory proteins and the rat CSG. Methods. The CSG rat model was established artificially, by chemical agents and irregular diet. The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the gastric mucosa of CSG rats was measured by immunohistochemistry, while mRNA expression levels of NF-?B p65 were detected by in situ hybridization. Results. There was more obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells in the gastric mucosa of CSG rats than in that of control rats, and the inflammation score was significantly increased. The expression levels of PCNA, EGFR, and NF-?B p65 mRNA in the gastric mucosal cells of CSG model rats increased significantly. Correlation analysis showed that the inflammation score was positively correlated with the expression levels of NF-?B p65 mRNA and EGFR, while it presented no significant correlation with the expression level of PCNA. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between NF-?B p65 mRNA and EGFR levels. Conclusion. High expression of NF-?B and EGFR plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of CSG, and it is significantly positively correlated with the degree of inflammation in the gastric mucosa. Therefore, changes in NF-?B and EGFR expression may be used as important indicators for the assessment of CSG; changes in their expression levels are helpful to assess the degree of gastric mucosal lesions and progression of CSG.
Collapse
|
4
|
Noto JM, Romero-Gallo J, Piazuelo MB, Peek RM. The Mongolian Gerbil: A Robust Model of Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Inflammation and Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1422:263-80. [PMID: 27246040 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3603-8_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Mongolian gerbil is an efficient, robust, and cost-effective rodent model that recapitulates many features of H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation and carcinogenesis in humans, allowing for targeted investigation of the bacterial determinants and environmental factors and, to a lesser degree, host constituents that govern H. pylori-mediated disease. This chapter discusses means through which the Mongolian gerbil model has been used to define mechanisms of H. pylori-inflammation and cancer as well as the current materials and methods for utilizing this model of microbially induced disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Noto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue MRB IV 1030C, Nashville, TN, 37232-0252, USA
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue MRB IV 1030C, Nashville, TN, 37232-0252, USA
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue MRB IV 1030C, Nashville, TN, 37232-0252, USA
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue MRB IV 1030C, Nashville, TN, 37232-0252, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao X, Cheng Q, Qian Y, Yi R, Gu L, Wang S, Song JL. Insect tea attenuates hydrochloric acid and ethanol-induced mice acute gastric injury. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5135-5142. [PMID: 29201228 PMCID: PMC5704295 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of insect tea on HCl/ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in ICR mice. The serum levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, somatostatin, motilin and endothelin-1 in mice were assessed using commercial kits and gastric tissues of superoxide dismutase (SOD, nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined using western blot analysis Insect tea significantly reduced HCl/ethanol-induced gastric juice secretion and increased the pH of gastric juice (P<0.05). Insect tea treatment signfiicantly increased vasoactive intestinal peptide and somatostatin, and significantly decreased motilin, substance P and endothelin levels in the serum (P<0.05). Treatment with insect tea was demonstrated to significantly increase levels of gastric SOD and NO and to reduce levels of MDA in the gastric ulcer mouse model (P<0.05). The gastric expression of inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), epidermal growth factor (EGF), EGF receptor, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial NOS, Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD and catalase was significantly increased in mice treated with inset tea compared with untreated model mice (P<0.05). Levels of NF-κB, and inducible NOS were demonstrated to be decreased in mice treated with insect tea compared with untreated model mice (P<0.05). The results of the present study suggest that insect tea has a protective effect against HCl/ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in ICR mice. This effect may be achieved via modulating serum neuropeptide levels, reducing gastric juice secretion, and modulating the inflammation- and antioxidant-associated protein expressions in gastric tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Yu Qian
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Ruokun Yi
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Lianjie Gu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Le Song
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mejías-Luque R, Zöller J, Anderl F, Loew-Gil E, Vieth M, Adler T, Engler DB, Urban S, Browning JL, Müller A, Gerhard M, Heikenwalder M. Lymphotoxin β receptor signalling executes Helicobacter pylori-driven gastric inflammation in a T4SS-dependent manner. Gut 2017; 66:1369-1381. [PMID: 27196595 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) signalling has been implicated in inflammation-associated tumour development in different tissues. We have analysed the role of LTβR and alternative NF-κB signalling in Helicobacter pylori-mediated gastric inflammation and pathology. DESIGN We analysed several ligands and receptors of the alternative NF-κB pathway, RelB, p52 nuclear translocation and target genes in tissue samples of H. pylori-infected patients with different degrees of gastritis or early gastric tumours by in situ hybridisation, immunohistochemistry, Western blot and real-time PCR analyses. Molecular mechanisms involved in LTβR activation by H. pylori were assessed in vitro using human gastric cancer cell lines and distinct H. pylori isolates. The effects of blocking or agonistically activating LTβR on gastric pathology during challenge with a human pathogenic H. pylori strain were studied in a mouse model. RESULTS Among the tested candidates, LT was significantly increased and activated alternative NF-κB signalling was observed in the gastric mucosa of H. pylori-infected patients. H. pyloriinduced LTβR-ligand expression in a type IV secretion system-dependent but CagA-independent manner, resulting in activation of the alternative NF-κB pathway, which was further enhanced by blocking canonical NF-κB during infection. Blocking LTβR signalling in vivo suppressed H. pylori-driven gastritis, whereas LTβR activation in gastric epithelial cells of infected mice induced a broadened pro-inflammatory chemokine milieu, resulting in exacerbated pathology. CONCLUSIONS LTβR-triggered activation of alternative NF-κB signalling in gastric epithelial cells executes H. pylori-induced chronic gastritis, representing a novel target to restrict gastric inflammation and pathology elicited by H. pylori, while exclusively targeting canonical NF-κB may aggravate pathology by enhancing the alternative pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Mejías-Luque
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Zöller
- Institut für Virologie, Technische Universität München, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Florian Anderl
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Elena Loew-Gil
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institut für Pathologie, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thure Adler
- Immunology Screen, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniela B Engler
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Urban
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Institut für Virologie, Technische Universität München, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang F, Qu N, Peng J, Yue C, Yuan L, Yuan Y. CagA promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of GES-1 cells by upregulating TRAF1/4-1BB. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1262-1268. [PMID: 28627614 PMCID: PMC5561785 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) is one of the most important virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori, and serves a role in H. pylori‑mediated tumorigenesis in gastric cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of CagA on the proliferation and apoptosis of GES‑1 cells, and the underlying mechanism. A CagA eukaryotic expression plasmid was constructed and transfected into GES‑1 cells. The mRNA and protein levels of CagA, tumor necrosis factor receptor‑associated factor 1 (TRAF1) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 (4‑1BB) were determined using the reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. Western blot and ELISA analysis was used to detect the release of interleukin (IL)‑8. An MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis was used to assess cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. Ectopic expression of CagA markedly increased TRAF1 and 4‑1BB mRNA and protein levels in GES‑1 cells. CagA increased the expression and release of IL‑8 in GES‑1 cells. The expression of CagA significantly promoted the proliferation (P<0.05) and inhibited the apoptosis (P<0.05) of GES‑1 cells. In conclusion, CagA upregulated TRAF1/4‑1BB, thereby promoting the proliferation and inhibiting the apoptosis of GES-1 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Nanfang Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Jin Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Chun Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Lingzhi Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao Z, Wang F, Fang C, Wang G, Shuang J, Chu G, Hu S, Chen L, Du J. A possible role of GDDR in the development of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10303-15. [PMID: 26842925 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4862-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection plays an important part in the development of gastric carcinoma. GDDR has been confirmed as a tumor suppressor gene in gastric tumorigenesis. However, the underlying mechanism of GDDR in H. pylori-induced carcinogenesis is not well known. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinicopathological significance and possible molecular mechanism of GDDR in gastric cancer associated with H. pylori. Western blot, real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression level of GDDR with or without H. pylori infection. The function and possible related molecular mechanisms of GDDR were further explored in vitro and in vivo. The variability of GDDR expression appeared in the early stage of gastric carcinogenesis with positive H. pylori infection status. GDDR might inhibit the progression of normal gastric epithelial cells to cancer cells by suppressing NF-kappaB signaling pathway, which in turn could be regulated by H. pylori infection. Our results suggested, for the first time, that the gradual change in GDDR expression might not only be directly related to H. pylori infection but also be an early molecular event in the development of gastric carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Jianbo Shuang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Guanghui Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Sijun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Helicobacter pylori-Induced Signaling Pathways Contribute to Intestinal Metaplasia and Gastric Carcinogenesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:737621. [PMID: 26064948 PMCID: PMC4441984 DOI: 10.1155/2015/737621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induces chronic gastric inflammation, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and cancer. Although the risk of gastric cancer increases exponentially with the extent of atrophic gastritis, the precise mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis have not been fully elucidated. H. pylori induces genetic and epigenetic changes in gastric epithelial cells through activating intracellular signaling pathways in a cagPAI-dependent manner. H. pylori eventually induces gastric cancer with chromosomal instability (CIN) or microsatellite instability (MSI), which are classified as two major subtypes of gastric cancer. Elucidation of the precise mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis will also be important for cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
10
|
Dang SC, Wang H, Zhang JX, Cui L, Jiang DL, Chen RF, Qu JG, Shen XQ, Chen M, Gu M. Are gastric mucosal macrophages responsible for gastric injury in acute pancreatitis? World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:2651-2657. [PMID: 25759533 PMCID: PMC4351215 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i9.2651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the protective effect of clodronate-containing liposomes against severe acute pancreatitis (SAP)-triggered acute gastric mucosal injury (AGMI) in rats.
METHODS: Clodronate- and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-containing liposomes were prepared by reverse-phase evaporation. The SAP rat model was established by injecting sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic subcapsular space. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control (C), SAP plus PBS-containing liposome (P) and SAP plus clodronate-containing liposome (T). Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were estimated by ELISA. Pathological changes in the gastric mucosa and pancreas were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Apoptotic cells were detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. The numbers of macrophages in the gastric mucosa were analyzed by CD68 immunohistochemical staining.
RESULTS: The liposomes had a mean diameter of 150 ± 30 nm. The TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the P group than that in the C group (2 h, 145.13 ± 11.50 vs 23.2 ± 2.03; 6 h, 245.06 ± 12.11 vs 30.28 ± 6.07, P < 0.05), and they were significantly lower in the T group than that in the P group (2 h, 93.24 ± 23.11 vs 145.13 ± 11.50; 6 h, 135.18 ± 13.10 vs 245.06 ± 12.11, P < 0.05). The pathological scores of the pancreas were lower in the T group than in the P group (2 h, 1.88 ± 0.83 vs 4.13 ± 0.83; 6 h, 2.87 ± 0.64 vs 6.25 ± 0.88, P < 0.01). The pathological scores of the gastric mucosa were also lower in the T group than in the P group (2 h, 1.12 ± 0.64 vs 2 ± 0.75; 6 h, 1.58 ± 0.53 vs 3 ± 1.31, P < 0.05). In addition, increased CD68 levels were observed in the gastric mucosa of the P group compared with the C group. Clodronate-containing liposomes decreased the CD68 levels in the mucosa of the T group. The apoptotic indexes of the gastric mucosa were higher in the T group than in the P group (2 h, 15.7 ± 0.92 vs 11.5 ± 1.64; 6 h, 21.12 ± 1.06 vs 12.6 ± 2.44, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Gastric macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of gastric injury in SAP. Clodronate-containing liposomes have protective effects against AGMI in rats with SAP.
Collapse
|
11
|
Alvarez-Arellano L, Cortés-Reynosa P, Sánchez-Zauco N, Salazar E, Torres J, Maldonado-Bernal C. TLR9 and NF-κB are partially involved in activation of human neutrophils by Helicobacter pylori and its purified DNA. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101342. [PMID: 24987851 PMCID: PMC4079333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection represents one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide. The inflammatory response to this bacterium involves a large influx of neutrophils to the lamina propria of the gastric mucosa. However, little is known about the receptors and molecular mechanisms involved in activation of these neutrophils. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in the response of human neutrophils to H. pylori and purified H. pylori DNA (Hp-DNA). Neutrophils were isolated from the blood of adult volunteers and challenged with either H. pylori or Hp-DNA. We found that both, H. pylori and Hp-DNA induced increased expression and release of IL-8. Furthermore, we showed that TLR9 is involved in the induction of IL-8 production by H. pylori and Hp-DNA. IL-8 production induced by H. pylori but not by Hp-DNA was partially mediated by NF-κB. In conclusion, this study showed for first time that both, H. pylori and Hp-DNA activate TLR9 and induce a different inflammatory response that leads to activation of neutrophils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Alvarez-Arellano
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital de Pediatría del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, México
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología del Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Pedro Cortés-Reynosa
- Departamento de Biología Celular del Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Norma Sánchez-Zauco
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital de Pediatría del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, México
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, México
| | - Eduardo Salazar
- Departamento de Biología Celular del Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital de Pediatría del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, México
| | - Carmen Maldonado-Bernal
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital de Pediatría del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, México
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, México
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Molecular Mechanism of Gastric Carcinogenesis in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Rodent Models. Diseases 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/diseases2020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
|
13
|
Lennikov A, Kitaichi N, Noda K, Ando R, Dong Z, Fukuhara J, Kinoshita S, Namba K, Mizutani M, Fujikawa T, Itai A, Ohno S, Ishida S. Amelioration of endotoxin-induced uveitis treated with an IκB kinase β inhibitor in rats. Mol Vis 2012; 18:2586-97. [PMID: 23112571 PMCID: PMC3482174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) is an animal model for acute ocular inflammation. Several substances play major roles in the development of inflammatory changes in EIU, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. These inflammatory cytokines trigger the degradation of IκB by activating IκB kinases (IKKs). Released nuclear factor kappaB (NFκB) subsequently translocates to the nucleus, where NFκB expresses its proinflammatory function. IMD-0354, N-(3,5-Bis-trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzamide, selectively inhibits IKKβ, particularly when induced by proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1β. In the present study, we examined whether IKKβ inhibition has therapeutic effects on EIU by using IMD-0354 and its prodrug IMD-1041. METHODS Six-week-old male Lewis rats were used. EIU was induced with subcutaneous injections of 200 μg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli that had been diluted in 0.1 ml of phosphate-buffered saline. IMD-0354 was administered intraperitoneally at 30, 10, 3, or 0 mg/kg, suspended in 1.0 ml of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium. The prodrug IMD-1041 (100 mg/kg) was also administered orally. The rats were euthanized 24 h after LPS injection, and EIU severity was evaluated histologically. The number of infiltrating cells and the protein, TNF-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) concentrations in the aqueous humor were determined. TNF-α and MCP-1 concentrations were quantified with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Eye sections were also stained with anti-NFκB and phosphorylated I-κBα antibodies. RESULTS The number of infiltrating cells in aqueous humor was 53.6±9.8×10(5), 72.5±17.0×10(5), 127.25±32.0×10(5), and 132.0±25.0×10(5) cells/ml in rats treated with 30, 10, 3, or 0 mg/kg of IMD-0354, respectively. The total protein concentrations of aqueous humor were 92.6±3.1 mg/ml, 101.5±6.8 mg/ml, 112.6±1.9 mg/ml, and 117.33±1.8 mg/ml in rats treated with 30, 10, 3, and 0 mg/kg of IMD-0354, respectively. Infiltrating cells and protein concentrations were significantly decreased by treatment with IMD-0354 (p<0.01). IMD-0354 treatment significantly reduced the concentration of TNF-α (p<0.05) and MCP-1 (p<0.01) in aqueous humor. The number of NFκB positive nuclei was reduced when treated with IMD-0354. Furthermore, IMD-0354-treated EIU rats showed only background levels of phosphorylated I-κBα; however, it was strongly expressed in the iris-ciliary body cell cytoplasm of the IMD-0354 untreated EIU rats. Oral administration of IMD-1041 also decreased the cell number (p<0.01) and protein concentration (p<0.05) of aqueous humor in EIU. CONCLUSIONS Acute uveitis was ameliorated by inhibition of IKKβ in rats. IMD-0354 and its prodrug IMD-1041 seem to be promising candidates for treating intraocular inflammation/uveitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Lennikov
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Kitaichi
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan,Department of Ocular Inflammation and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan,Department of Ophthalmology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kousuke Noda
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryo Ando
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Zhenyu Dong
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junichi Fukuhara
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Namba
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miho Mizutani
- Institute of Medicinal Molecular Design (IMMD) Inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Akiko Itai
- Institute of Medicinal Molecular Design (IMMD) Inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Ohno
- Department of Ocular Inflammation and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishida
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Systemic macrophage depletion inhibits Helicobacter bilis-induced proinflammatory cytokine-mediated typhlocolitis and impairs bacterial colonization dynamics in a BALB/c Rag2-/- mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease. Infect Immun 2012; 80:4388-97. [PMID: 23027534 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00530-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter bilis, an enterohepatic helicobacter, is associated with chronic hepatitis in aged immunocompetent inbred mice and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in immunodeficient mice. To evaluate the role of macrophages in H. bilis-induced IBD, Rag2(-/-) BALB/c or wild-type (WT) BALB/c mice were either sham dosed or infected with H. bilis Missouri strain under specific-pathogen-free conditions, followed by an intravenous injection of a 0.2-ml suspension of liposomes coated with either phosphate-buffered saline (control) or clodronate (a macrophage depleting drug) at 15 weeks postinfection (wpi). At 16 wpi, the ceca of H. bilis-infected Rag2(-/-) mice treated with control liposomes had significantly higher histopathological lesional scores (for cumulative typhlitis index, inflammation, edema, epithelial defects, and hyperplasia) and higher counts of F4/80(+) macrophages and MPO(+) neutrophils compared to H. bilis-infected Rag2(-/-) mice treated with clodronate liposomes. In addition, cecal quantitative PCR analyses revealed a significant suppression in the expression of macrophage-related cytokine genes, namely, Tnfa, Il-1β, Il-10, Cxcl1, and iNos, in the clodronate-treated H. bilis-infected Rag2(-/-) mice compared to the H. bilis-infected Rag2(-/-) control mice. Finally, cecal quantitative PCR analyses also revealed a significant reduction in bacterial colonization in the clodronate-treated Rag2(-/-) mice. Taken together, our results suggest that macrophages are critical inflammatory cellular mediators for promoting H. bilis-induced typhlocolitis in mice.
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu YE, Yuan Y. Gastric diseases in Mongolian gerbils infected with different strains of Helicobacter pylori. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:2467-2472. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i23.2467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) is a bacterium responsible for one of the most widespread infections found in humans. It colonizes the gastric mucosa and can result in chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. The incidence of spontaneous gastric gastritis is low in Mongolian gerbils, and spontaneous H.pylori infection can not be detected in this animal. Since H.pylori-related gastric diseases in Mongolian gerbils are very similar to those in humans, they have been considered as ideal animals to establish H.pylori infection models. However, different strains of H.pylori may induce different types of pathologic changes in Mongolian gerbils. Clarification of the pathogenic mechanisms of different strains of H.pylori may provide a theoretical basis for screening appropriate H.pylori strains and directing individualized treatment in patients with H.pylori-related gastric diseases. In this paper, we review the recent progress in research of gastric diseases in Mongolian gerbils infected with different strains of H.pylori.
Collapse
|
16
|
Sakamoto K, Hikiba Y, Nakagawa H, Hayakawa Y, Yanai A, Akanuma M, Ogura K, Hirata Y, Kaestner KH, Omata M, Maeda S. Inhibitor of kappaB kinase beta regulates gastric carcinogenesis via interleukin-1alpha expression. Gastroenterology 2010; 139:226-38.e6. [PMID: 20347815 PMCID: PMC3156098 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is an important transcription factor involved in various biological processes, including carcinogenesis. However, it is unknown whether NF-kappaB activation is involved in gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS To explore the roles of inhibitor of kappaB kinase (IKKbeta), the key kinase for NF-kappaB activation, in gastric epithelium, we established a conditional gastric mucosal epithelium knockout mouse (Ikkbeta(DeltaST)). Gastric cancer was induced using N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). After 8 months, the number of tumors and their sizes were evaluated. Apoptosis was analyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine nick-end labeling staining, and levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured. RESULTS No phenotypical or histologic difference was observed between untreated Ikkbeta(DeltaST) and controls (Ikkbeta(F/F)). The number of tumors was significantly less in the MNU-treated Ikkbeta(DeltaST) group than in the Ikkbeta(F/F) group (mean +/- standard error, 2.21 +/- 0.48 vs 0.80 +/- 0.23), and the size of the tumors did not differ (2.75 +/- 0.99 vs 2.89 +/- 1.12 mm). After a single oral dose of MNU, interleukin (IL)-1alpha was up-regulated significantly in control mice compared with Ikkbeta(DeltaST) mice, whereas the levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were unchanged. MNU significantly increased apoptotic cell death in Ikkbeta(DeltaST) mice compared with Ikkbeta(F/F) mice, and apoptosis was dependent on decreased IL-1alpha expression. IL-1alpha also induced the proliferation of gastric cancer cells. Fewer tumors were observed in IL-1-receptor knockout mice (Il-1r(-/-); 1.17 +/- 0.44) than in control mice (2.42 +/- 0.52). CONCLUSIONS IKKbeta regulates gastric carcinogenesis via IL-1alpha expression, which is associated with anti-apoptotic signaling and cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Sakamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, 1-6-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0005
| | - Yohko Hikiba
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, 1-6-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0005
| | - Hayato Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655
| | - Yoku Hayakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655
| | - Ayako Yanai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, 1-6-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0005
| | - Masao Akanuma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, 1-6-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0005
| | - Keiji Ogura
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655
| | - Yoshihiro Hirata
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655
| | - Klaus H. Kaestner
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 752B CRB, 415 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6145
| | - Masao Omata
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655
| | - Shin Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655,Correspondence to: Shin Maeda, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Tel: +81-3-3815-5411; Fax: +81-3-3814-0021;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hayakawa Y, Maeda S, Nakagawa H, Hikiba Y, Shibata W, Sakamoto K, Yanai A, Hirata Y, Ogura K, Muto S, Itai A, Omata M. Effectiveness of IkappaB kinase inhibitors in murine colitis-associated tumorigenesis. J Gastroenterol 2010; 44:935-43. [PMID: 19557302 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-009-0098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation is involved in various inflammatory illnesses, for example inflammatory bowel disease, and is thought to be a key factor in the tumor-promoting mechanism of inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. This study investigated whether inhibitors of IKKbeta, which is a critical kinase for NF-kappaB activation, reduce colitis-associated tumorigenesis in mice. METHODS We used a mouse model of the disease whereby administration of azoxymethane (AOM) followed by repeated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) ingestion causes severe colonic inflammation and the subsequent development of multiple tumors. Effects of IKKbeta inhibitors, NBD peptide, and IMD-0354 were examined. RESULTS In a colitis-associated cancer model, treatment with the IKKbeta inhibitors NBD peptide and IMD-0354 significantly reduced the number of tumors compared with the untreated group. The tumors were also significantly smaller in the inhibitor-treated mice than in the untreated mice. Macrophage and neutrophil infiltration decreased with the inhibitor treatment. NF-kappaB activation and the expression of Cox-2 and iNOS were observed in tumor tissues, and the inhibitors ameliorated their expression. These inhibitors blocked NF-kappaB activation and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines mediated by the culture supernatant of inflamed colon in murine primary macrophages. In-vitro and in-vivo experiments showed that these drugs, especially NBD peptide, could also inhibit the proliferation of colonic epithelial cells. CONCLUSION These results imply that IKKbeta-targeted NF-kappaB blockade is an attractive therapeutic approach for the prevention of colitis-associated tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoku Hayakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Stec-Michalska K, Malicki S, Michalski B, Peczek L, Wisniewska-Jarosinska M, Nawrot B. Gastric ghrelin in relation to gender, stomach topography and Helicobacter pylori in dyspeptic patients. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:5409-17. [PMID: 19916170 PMCID: PMC2778096 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.5409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the level of gastric ghrelin in stomach mucosa of dyspeptic patients in relation to Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection, bacterial cytotoxicity, topography and gender.
METHODS: The study comprised 40 premenopausal women (19 H pylori positive) and 48 men (17 H pylori positive) with functional dyspepsia. All gastric biopsy specimens revealed normal mucosa or non-atrophic gastritis. Gastric ghrelin concentration was determined by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The cagA and vacA strains of bacterial DNA were identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS: In general, infection with H pylori caused an increase in gastric ghrelin level regardless of gender and stomach topography. Significantly more hormone was present in both, non-infected and H pylori positive female samples, as compared to males. The distribution of bacterial strains showed cagA(+) vacA s1m1 and cagA(-) vacA s2m2 genotypes as the most common infections in the studied population. A tendency to higher ghrelin levels was observed in less cytotoxic (cagA negative) strain-containing specimens from the antrum and corpus of both gender groups (without statistical significance).
CONCLUSION: An increase in gastric ghrelin levels at the stage of non-atrophic gastritis in H pylori positive patients, especially in those infected with cagA(-) strains, can exert a gastroprotective effect.
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Maeda S, Omata M. Inflammation and cancer: role of nuclear factor-kappaB activation. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:836-42. [PMID: 18294278 PMCID: PMC11159293 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 12/16/2007] [Accepted: 12/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been thought that there is a strong relationship between inflammation and carcinogenesis so that the development of cancer occurs with chronic inflammation in many organs. An in-depth understanding of the mechanism by which inflammation can lead to carcinogenesis may enable the development of drugs targeted at important molecules, providing a powerful tool for preventing cancer development. In this review, we focused on a signal transduction system, the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway, which is thought to play a role in the process leading from inflammation to carcinogenesis, and may thus serve as a candidate for targeted intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Maeda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, 1-6-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0005, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|