Immunotherapy of guinea pigs with dermal and visceral tumor implants: comparison of living and nonliving BCG

Stimulation of non-specific anti-tumour resistance in the mouse using cell wall preparations from four BCG substrains

The comparative anti-tumour activity of cell walls, deproteinized cell walls and cell wall skeleton (CWS) isolated from four BCG substrains (Canadian, Russian, Glaxo and Swedish) was determined against Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma in CF-1 mice and against L1210 lymphoid leukaemia in B6D2F1/J mice. In Ehrlich carcinoma, the protocol of injection was shown to be of critical importance, since high and low levels of protection and even facilitation of tumour growth were observed according to the protocol used. The oil emulsion used as the vehicle for injection of the fractions (control groups) induced facilitation of tumour growth with some protocols. The highest levels of protection were observed when treatment was performed on day -6 for a single i. p. injection or on days -14 and 0 for two injections. Using the former protocol of immunization, the highest level of protection was detected with cell walls and deproteinized cell walls. CWS isolated from the Canadian and Glaxo substrains were found to be inactive, whereas those isolated from the Swedish and Russian substrains induced significant levels of protection. In L1210 leukaemia, very few preparations induced significant protection. CWS preparations did not induce protection. Canadian and Russian deproteinized cell walls and Canadian cell walls (100 and 250 micrograms, respectively) induced some protection. The use of different protocols of injection did not increase the anti-tumour activity of the Canadian cell walls. The most active preparation in both tumour systems was that of Canadian deproteinized cell walls.