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Xie Y, Zhao F, Wang Y, Borowski S, Freitag N, Tirado-Gonzalez I, Hofsink N, Matschl U, Plösch T, Garcia MG, Blois SM. Fetal growth restriction induced by maternal gal-3 deficiency is associated with altered gut-placenta axis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:575. [PMID: 39117607 PMCID: PMC11310209 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Adverse intrauterine conditions may cause fetal growth restriction (FGR), a pregnancy complication frequently linked to perinatal morbidity and mortality. Although many studies have focused on FGR, the pathophysiological processes underlying this disorder are complex and incompletely understood. We have recently determined that galectin-3 (gal-3), a β-galactoside-binding protein, regulates pregnancy-associated processes, including uterine receptibility, maternal vascular adaptation and placentation. Because gal-3 is expressed at both sides of the maternal-fetal interface, we unraveled the contribution of maternal- and paternal-derived gal-3 on fetal-placental development in the prenatal window and its effects on the post-natal period. Deficiency of maternal gal-3 induced maternal gut microbiome dysbiosis, resulting in a sex-specific fetal growth restriction mainly observed in female fetuses and offspring. In addition, poor placental metabolic adaptions (characterized by decreased trophoblast glycogen content and insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) gene hypomethylation) were only associated with a lack of maternal-derived gal-3. Paternal gal-3 deficiency caused compromised vascularization in the placental labyrinth without affecting fetal growth trajectory. Thus, maternal-derived gal-3 may play a key role in fetal-placental development through the gut-placenta axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fangqi Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yiru Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Borowski
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nancy Freitag
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Tirado-Gonzalez
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Naomi Hofsink
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Urte Matschl
- Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Plösch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Perinatal Neurobiology, Department of Human Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carlvon Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Mariana G Garcia
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra M Blois
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Hernández-Cabanyero C, Vonaesch P. Ectopic colonization by oral bacteria as an emerging theme in health and disease. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuae012. [PMID: 38650052 PMCID: PMC11065354 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of research papers published on the involvement of the oral microbiota in systemic diseases has grown exponentially over the last 4 years clearly demonstrating the growing interest in this field. Indeed, accumulating evidence highlights the central role of ectopic colonization by oral bacteria in numerous noncommunicable diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), undernutrition, preterm birth, neurological diseases, liver diseases, lung diseases, heart diseases, or colonic cancer. There is thus much interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms that lead to the colonization and maintenance of ectopic oral bacteria. The aim of this review is to summarize and conceptualize the current knowledge about ectopic colonization by oral bacteria, highlight wherever possible the underlying molecular mechanisms and describe its implication in health and disease. The focus lies on the newly discovered molecular mechanisms, showcasing shared pathophysiological mechanisms across different body sites and syndromes and highlighting open questions in the field regarding the pathway from oral microbiota dysbiosis to noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Hernández-Cabanyero
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, UNIL-Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Vonaesch
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, UNIL-Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Vishnyakova P, Gantsova E, Kiseleva V, Lazarev D, Knyazev E, Poltavets A, Iskusnykh M, Muminova K, Potapova A, Khodzhaeva Z, Elchaninov A, Fatkhudinov T, Sukhikh G. MicroRNA miR-27a as a possible regulator of anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype in preeclamptic placenta. Placenta 2024; 145:151-161. [PMID: 38141416 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of the TGFβ signaling pathway, an important cascade responsible for the anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages, in the development of both early- and late-onset preeclampsia (eoPE and loPE), remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the components of the TGFβ signaling cascade and macrophage markers within placental tissue in normal pregnancy and in PE. METHODS Patients with eoPE, loPE, and normal pregnancy were enrolled in the study (n = 10 in each group). Following techniques were used for the investigation: immunohistochemistry analysis, western blotting, qRT-PCR, isolation of monocytes by magnetic sorting, transfection, microRNA sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis. RESULTS We observed a significant decrease in the anti-inflammatory macrophage marker CD206 in the loPE group, alongside with a significant down-regulation of CD206 protein production in both eoPE and loPE groups. The level of CD68-positive cells and relative levels of CD163 and MARCO production were comparable across the groups. However, we identified a significant decrease in the TGFβ receptor 2 production and its gene expression in the PE group. Further analysis revealed a link between TGFBR2 and MRC1 (CD206) genes through a single miRNA, hsa-miR-27a-3p. Transfecting CD14-derived macrophages with the hsa-miR-27a-3p mimic significantly changed TGFBR2 production, indicating the potential role of this miRNA in regulating the TGFβ signaling pathway. We also revealed the up-regulation of hsa-miR-27a-5p and hsa-miR-27a-3p in the trophoblast BeWo b30 cell line under the severe hypoxia condition and the fact that TGFBR2 3' UTR could serve as a potential target for these miRNAs. DISCUSSION Our findings uncover a novel potential therapeutic target for managing patients with PE, significantly contributing to a deeper comprehension of the underlying mechanisms involved in the development of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Vishnyakova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia; Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Elena Gantsova
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktoriia Kiseleva
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia; Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Lazarev
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov Medical University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Knyazev
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Microfluidic Technologies for Biomedicine, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Poltavets
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Iskusnykh
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kamilla Muminova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena Potapova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zulfiya Khodzhaeva
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Elchaninov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia; Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov Medical University), Moscow, Russia; Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal state budgetary scientific institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Fatkhudinov
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal state budgetary scientific institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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关 志, 徐 天, 沈 松, 李 晓, 冯 强. [Pathways and Mechanisms of Periodontitis Contributing to Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2023; 54:39-48. [PMID: 36647641 PMCID: PMC10409026 DOI: 10.12182/20230160501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic oral inflammatory disease with a high incidence in the global population. Periodontal pathogens can colonize and infect multiple human tissues and organs through blood transmission, which is an important risk factor of many systemic diseases. Recently, the correlation between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) has attracted growing research interest. Herein, we systematically reviewed the research progress in the relationship between periodontitis and APOs and summarized reported findings on the pathways and mechanisms by which periodontitis contributes to APOs. We also clarified that intrauterine infection caused by oral pathogens transmitted through blood is an important pathway by which periodontitis interferes with pregnancy. In addition, further research focused on the discovery of more APOs-related oral pathogenic bacteria and their virulence factors, analysis of the interaction between pathogenic bacteria and placental tissue, and pathogenic pathways of oral bacterial invasion of the fetus will promote thorough analysis of the specific molecular mechanism of how periodontitis affects APOs. Furthermore, the validation of the results of human population-based studies through animal/cell experiments and the translation into effective intervention strategies are of great clinical significance to the prevention and control of the occurrence and development of APOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- 志炜 关
- 山东大学齐鲁医学院口腔医学院·口腔医院 人体微生态实验室 山东省口腔组织再生重点实验室 山东省口腔生物材料与组织再生工程实验室 山东省口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 (济南 250012)Department of Human Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan 250012, China
- 齐鲁师范学院生命科学学院 (济南 250200)School of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
| | - 天琪 徐
- 山东大学齐鲁医学院口腔医学院·口腔医院 人体微生态实验室 山东省口腔组织再生重点实验室 山东省口腔生物材料与组织再生工程实验室 山东省口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 (济南 250012)Department of Human Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan 250012, China
| | - 松 沈
- 山东大学齐鲁医学院口腔医学院·口腔医院 人体微生态实验室 山东省口腔组织再生重点实验室 山东省口腔生物材料与组织再生工程实验室 山东省口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 (济南 250012)Department of Human Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan 250012, China
| | - 晓 李
- 山东大学齐鲁医学院口腔医学院·口腔医院 人体微生态实验室 山东省口腔组织再生重点实验室 山东省口腔生物材料与组织再生工程实验室 山东省口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 (济南 250012)Department of Human Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan 250012, China
| | - 强 冯
- 山东大学齐鲁医学院口腔医学院·口腔医院 人体微生态实验室 山东省口腔组织再生重点实验室 山东省口腔生物材料与组织再生工程实验室 山东省口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 (济南 250012)Department of Human Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan 250012, China
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He X, Li Z, Li X, Zhao H, Hu Y, Han W, Wang C, Yin C, Chen Y. The fecal microbiota of gravidas with fetal growth restriction newborns characterized by metagenomic sequencing. Curr Res Transl Med 2023; 71:103354. [PMID: 36434943 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2022.103354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a complex obstetric complication with various causes and of great harm. However, the specific pathogenesis of FGR is unclear, which limits its effective treatment. Gut microbiota dysbiosis was found to be important in pathogenesis of various diseases. However, its role in FGR development remains unclear and needs to be clarified. METHODS In our case-control study, we recruited eight FGR and eight control female participants and collected their fecal samples in third trimester before delivery. We performed metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis to compare the gut microbiota composition and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways between the two groups. RESULTS Our results showed that totally 20 gut microbes were significantly different between two groups (p<0•05), and the correlation analysis found that g__Roseomonas and g__unclassified_f__Propionibacteriaceae were significantly positive correlated with both maternal body mass index (BMI) before delivery, placental weight, and neonatal birth weight (BW) percentile (all p<0•05), while g__Marinisporobacter and g__Sphingomonas were significantly negative correlated with both neonatal BMI and neonatal BW percentile (all p<0•05). Through KEGG pathway analysis, we found that the abundance of the Nitrogen metabolism pathway decreased significantly (p<0•05) whereas the abundance of the Amoebiasis pathway increased significantly in the FGR group (p<0•05). CONCLUSION In this study, we demonstrated that the occurrence of FGR is associated with the change of gut microbiota of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No.251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Zhengpeng Li
- Microbiota Division, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No.251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Huanying Zhao
- Genomics Research Platform, Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanan Hu
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No.251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Wenli Han
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No.251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No.251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No.251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100026, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No.251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100026, China.
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Emerging and legacy PFAS and cytokine homeostasis in women of childbearing age. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6517. [PMID: 35444213 PMCID: PMC9021217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread chemicals. Legacy PFAS have been phased out of production in most developed countries and emerging PFAS (short-chain PFAS and polyfluorinated compounds) are used as legacy PFAS alternatives. The effect of legacy and emerging PFAS on cytokine homeostasis in human remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between legacy and emerging PFAS and cytokine profiles, and identify the main contributors to the disturbance of cytokine homeostasis. We quantified 21 PFAS in 198 Chinese women of childbearing age from 2015 to 2016. 13 cytokines were measured using the Meso Scale Discovery U-PLEX and V-PLEX platforms. The associations between PFAS exposure and cytokine levels were assessed using multiple linear regression (single-exposure), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models (PFAS mixture exposure). In single PFAS models, legacy and alternative PFAS were positively associated with Th1 and Treg cytokines, and negatively associated with Th2 and Th17 cytokines. For instance, each ln-unit increase in 6:2 chlorinated perfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid (6:2 Cl-PFESA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was associated with a decrease in IL-10 by − 0.228 (95% CI: − 0.336, − 0.120), − 0.153 (95% CI: − 0.277, − 0.030), and − 0.174 (95% CI: − 0.339, − 0.010), respectively. The BKMR model showed a significantly positive association of PFAS mixture with TGF-β and a negative association with IL-10. Overall, these results indicate that both legacy and emerging PFAS may affect the homeostasis of cytokines.
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Fish‐Williamson A, Hahn‐Holbrook J, Hobbs M, Wallander J, Morton SMB. Prenatal antibiotic exposure in pregnancy and early childhood socioemotional development. JCPP ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adi Fish‐Williamson
- Department of psychological sciences University of California Merced Merced California USA
| | - Jennifer Hahn‐Holbrook
- Department of psychological sciences University of California Merced Merced California USA
| | - Mark Hobbs
- Auckland City Hospital Auckland New Zealand
| | - Jan Wallander
- Department of psychological sciences University of California Merced Merced California USA
| | - Susan M. B. Morton
- Growing Up in New Zealand, Centre for Longitudinal Research – He Ara Ki Mua The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
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Miko E, Csaszar A, Bodis J, Kovacs K. The Maternal-Fetal Gut Microbiota Axis: Physiological Changes, Dietary Influence, and Modulation Possibilities. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:424. [PMID: 35330175 PMCID: PMC8955030 DOI: 10.3390/life12030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prenatal period and the first years of life have a significant impact on the health issues and life quality of an individual. The appropriate development of the immune system and the central nervous system are thought to be major critical determining events. In parallel to these, establishing an early intestinal microbiota community is another important factor for future well-being interfering with prenatal and postnatal developmental processes. This review aims at summarizing the main characteristics of maternal gut microbiota and its possible transmission to the offspring, thereby affecting fetal and/or neonatal development and health. Since maternal dietary factors are potential modulators of the maternal-fetal microbiota axis, we will outline current knowledge on the impact of certain diets, nutritional factors, and nutritional modulators during pregnancy on offspring's microbiota and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Miko
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.C.); (J.B.); (K.K.)
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, 20 Ifjusag Street, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andras Csaszar
- National Laboratory for Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.C.); (J.B.); (K.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 17 Edesanyak Street, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Jozsef Bodis
- National Laboratory for Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.C.); (J.B.); (K.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 17 Edesanyak Street, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kalman Kovacs
- National Laboratory for Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.C.); (J.B.); (K.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 17 Edesanyak Street, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Abstract
The link between oral health and adverse pregnancy outcomes has been suggested by numerous epidemiological studies. More recent studies indicate the relationship between severity of periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Two virulence mechanisms are proposed: direct invasion of oral microorganisms or their components into the fetal-placenta unit and inflammatory mediators produced in the oral cavity affecting the fetal-placenta unit. While interventional periodontal therapy still yielded contradictory results, animal studies suggest that maternal supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids protects the fetus by suppressing inflammation as well as bacteria proliferation in the placenta. This article reviews the recent epidemiological, mechanistic, interventional, and therapeutic studies of oral health and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyang Xu
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yiping W Han
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Moya-Alvarez V, Sansonetti PJ. Understanding the pathways leading to gut dysbiosis and enteric environmental dysfunction in infants: the influence of maternal dysbiosis and other microbiota determinants during early life. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6516326. [PMID: 35088084 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) encompasses undernutrition with an inflammatory gut profile, a variable degree of dysbiosis and increased translocation of pathogens in the gut mucosa. Even though recent research findings have shed light on the pathological pathways underlying the establishment of the infant gut dysbiosis, evidence on how maternal EED influences the development of gut dysbiosis and EED in the offspring remains elusive. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the effect of maternal dysbiosis and EED on infant health, and explores recent progress in unraveling the mechanisms of acquisition of a dysbiotic gut microbiota in the offspring. In Western communities, maternal inoculum, delivery mode, perinatal antibiotics, feeding practices, and infections are the major drivers of the infant gut microbiota during the first two years of life. In other latitudes, the infectious burden and maternal malnutrition might introduce further risk factors for infant gut dysbiosis. Novel tools, such as transcriptomics and metabolomics, have become indispensable to analyze the metabolic environment of the infant in utero and post-partum. Human-milk oligosaccharides have essential prebiotic, antimicrobial, and anti-biofilm properties that might offer additional therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Moya-Alvarez
- Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis - INSERM U1202, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.,Epidemiology of Emergent Diseases Unit, Global Health Department, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Philippe J Sansonetti
- Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis - INSERM U1202, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.,Chaire de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Collège de France, Paris, France.,The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Institut Pasteur de Shanghai, China
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11
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Schwartz DA, Baldewijns M, Benachi A, Bugatti M, Bulfamante G, Cheng K, Collins RRJ, Debelenko L, De Luca D, Facchetti F, Fitzgerald B, Levitan D, Linn RL, Marcelis L, Morotti D, Morotti R, Patanè L, Prevot S, Pulinx B, Saad AG, Schoenmakers S, Strybol D, Thomas K, Tosi D, Toto V, van der Meeren LE, Verdijk RM, Vivanti AJ, Zaigham M. Hofbauer cells and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnancy: Molecular pathology analysis of villous macrophages, endothelial cells, and placental findings from 22 placentas infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with and without fetal transmission. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2021; 145:1328-1340. [PMID: 34297794 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2021-0296-sa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can undergo maternal-fetal transmission, heightening interest in the placental pathology findings from this infection. Transplacental SARS-CoV-2 transmission is typically accompanied by chronic histiocytic intervillositis together with necrosis and positivity of syncytiotrophoblast for SARSCoV-2. Hofbauer cells are placental macrophages that have been involved in viral diseases including HIV and Zika virus, but their involvement in SARS-CoV-2 in unknown. OBJECTIVE - To determine whether SARS-CoV-2 can extend beyond the syncytiotrophoblast to enter Hofbauer cells, endothelium and other villous stromal cells in infected placentas of liveborn and stillborn infants. DESIGN - Case-based retrospective analysis by 29 perinatal and molecular pathology specialists of placental findings from a preselected cohort of 22 SARS-CoV-2-infected placentas delivered to pregnant women testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 from 7 countries. Molecular pathology methods were used to investigate viral involvement of Hofbauer cells, villous capillary endothelium, syncytiotrophoblast and other fetal-derived cells. RESULTS - Chronic histiocytic intervillositis and trophoblast necrosis was present in all 22 placentas (100%). SARS-CoV-2 was identified in Hofbauer cells from 4/22 placentas (18%). Villous capillary endothelial staining was positive in 2/22 cases (9%), both of which also had viral positivity in Hofbauer cells. Syncytiotrophoblast staining occurred in 21/22 placentas (95%). Hofbauer cell hyperplasia was present in 3/22 placentas (14%). In the 7 cases having documented transplacental infection of the fetus, 2 occurred in placentas with Hofbauer cell staining positive for SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIONS - SARS-CoV-2 can extend beyond the trophoblast into the villous stroma, involving Hofbauer cells and capillary endothelial cells, in a small number of infected placentas. Most cases of SARS-CoV-2 transplacental fetal infection occur without Hofbauer cell involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Schwartz
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | | | - Alexandra Benachi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Antoine Béclère Hospital, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, Clamart, France
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gaetano Bulfamante
- Hospital Complex for Pathological Anatomy and Medical Genetics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Rebecca R J Collins
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Larisa Debelenko
- Department of Pediatric and Perinatal Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Danièle De Luca
- Neonatology Division of Pediatrics, Transportation and Neonatal Critical Care APHP, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, Medical Center "A.Béclère" & Physiopathology and Therapeutic Innovation Unit, Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Fabio Facchetti
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Brendan Fitzgerald
- Department of Pathology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Daniel Levitan
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Rebecca L Linn
- Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania & Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Denise Morotti
- Pathology Unit and Medical Genetics Laboratory, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Raffaella Morotti
- Department of Pathology and Pediatrics, Autopsy Service, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Luisa Patanè
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sophie Prevot
- Division of Pathology, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Bianca Pulinx
- Department of Clinical Biology, Sint-Trudo Hospital, Sint-Truiden, Belgium
| | - Ali G Saad
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Health System/Holtz Children's Hospital, Miami, FL
| | - Sam Schoenmakers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David Strybol
- Department of Pathology, Sint-Trudo Hospital, Sint-Truiden, Belgium
| | - Kristen Thomas
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, Main Campus & Bellevue Hospital Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Delfina Tosi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Toto
- Hospital Complex for Pathological Anatomy and Medical Genetics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Lotte E van der Meeren
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, and Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M Verdijk
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre J Vivanti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Antoine Beclere Hospital, APHP, Université Paris Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Mehreen Zaigham
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden and Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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12
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Betancourt DM, Llana MN, Sarnacki SH, Cerquetti MC, Monzalve LS, Pustovrh MC, Giacomodonato MN. Salmonella Enteritidis foodborne infection induces altered placental morphometrics in the murine model. Placenta 2021; 109:11-18. [PMID: 33915480 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Salmonella foodborne disease during pregnancy causes a significant fetal loss in domestic livestock and preterm birth, chorioamnionitis and miscarriage in humans. These complications could be associated with alterations in placental structure. This study was aimed to determine how a low dose of Salmonella Enteritidis during late gestation affects placental histomorphometric in mice. METHODS We used a self-limiting enterocolitis murine model. BALB/c pregnant animals received a low dose of Salmonella Enteritidis (3-4 x 102 CFU/mouse) on gestational day (GD) 15. At day 3 post infection bacterial loads, serum cytokines expression and placental histomorphometrics parameters were analyzed. RESULTS We found that a sub-lethal infection with Salmonella induced a significant drop in fetal weight -to-placental weight-ratio and an increase in the placental coefficient. After bacterial inoculation maternal organs were colonized, inducing placental morphometric alterations, including increased placental thickness, reduced surface area, and diminished major and minor diameters. Also, foci of necrosis accompanied by acute leukocyte infiltration in decidual zone, reduction of vascular spaces and vascular congestion in labyrinth zone, were also evident in placentas from infected females on GD 18. Our data shows that placentas from infected mothers are phenotypically different from control ones. Furthermore, expression of IFN-gamma and IL-6 was up regulated in response to Salmonella in maternal serum. DISCUSSION Our findings demonstrate that a low dose of Salmonella during late gestation alters the placental morphometry leading to negative consequences on pregnancy outcome such as significant reduction in fetal body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Betancourt
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM-UBA-CONICET), Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Mariángeles Noto Llana
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM-UBA-CONICET), Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Sebastián H Sarnacki
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM-UBA-CONICET), Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - M Cristina Cerquetti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM-UBA-CONICET), Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | - María C Pustovrh
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Mónica N Giacomodonato
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM-UBA-CONICET), Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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13
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Saadaoui M, Singh P, Al Khodor S. Oral microbiome and pregnancy: A bidirectional relationship. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 145:103293. [PMID: 33676065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The oral cavity contains the second most complex microbial population within the human body, with more than 700 bacterial organisms. Recent advances in Next Generation Sequencing technology have unraveled the complexities of the oral microbiome and provided valuable insights into its role in health and disease. The human oral microbiome varies dramatically during the different stages of life, including pregnancy. The total viable microbial counts in pregnant women are known to be higher compared to non-pregnant women, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy. A balanced oral microbiome is vital for a healthy pregnancy, as perturbations in the oral microbiome composition can contribute to pregnancy complications. On the other hand, physiological changes and differences in hormonal levels during pregnancy, increase susceptibility to various oral diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis. A growing body of evidence supports the link between the composition of the oral microbiome and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, preeclampsia, low birth weight among others. This review aims to summarize the dynamics of oral microbiome during pregnancy and to discuss the relationship between a dysbiotic oral microbiome and pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parul Singh
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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14
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Ishimwe JA, Akinleye A, Johnson AC, Garrett MR, Sasser JM. Gestational gut microbial remodeling is impaired in a rat model of preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension. Physiol Genomics 2021; 53:125-136. [PMID: 33491590 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00121.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a progressive hypertensive disorder of pregnancy affecting 2%-8% of pregnancies globally. Preexisting chronic hypertension is a major risk factor associated with developing preeclampsia, and growing evidence suggests a role for the gut microbiome in the development of preeclampsia. However, neither alterations in the gut microbiome associated with preeclampsia nor the mechanisms involved are fully understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that normal gestational maternal gut microbiome remodeling is impaired in the Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) rat model of superimposed preeclampsia. Gut microbiome profiles of pregnant Dahl S, normal pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD), and matched virgin controls were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing at baseline; during early, middle, and late pregnancy; and 1-wk postpartum. Dahl S rats had significantly higher abundance in Proteobacteria, and multiple genera were significantly different from SD rats at baseline. The pregnant SD displayed a significant increase in Proteobacteria and genera such as Helicobacter, but these were not different between pregnant and virgin Dahl S rats. By late pregnancy, Dahl S rats had significantly lower α-diversity and Firmicutes compared with their virgin Dahl S controls. β-diversity was significantly different among groups (P < 0.001). KEGG metabolic pathways including those associated with short-chain fatty acids were different in Dahl S pregnancy but not in SD pregnancy. These results reveal an association between chronic hypertension and gut microbiome dysbiosis which may hinder pregnancy-specific remodeling in the gut microbial composition during superimposed preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne A Ishimwe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Adesanya Akinleye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ashley C Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jennifer M Sasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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15
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Gomes-Filho IS, Balinha IDSCE, da Cruz SS, Trindade SC, Cerqueira EDMM, Passos-Soares JDS, Coelho JMF, Ladeia AMT, Vianna MIP, Hintz AM, de Santana TC, Dos Santos PP, Figueiredo ACMG, da Silva ICO, Scannapieco FA, Barreto ML, Loomer PM. Moderate and severe periodontitis are positively associated with metabolic syndrome. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:3719-3727. [PMID: 33226499 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03699-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between periodontitis severity (exposure) and metabolic syndrome (MetS - outcome), using two criteria for diagnosis of the outcome, since this relationship remains unexplored. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control study was conducted with 870 individuals: 408 with first MetS diagnosis (cases) and 462 without MetS (controls). Participants' general information was obtained using a questionnaire and laboratory data was collected from medical records. Periodontitis severity criteria followed the Center for Disease Control and Prevention: none, mild, moderate, and severe. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were determined by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Findings showed a positive association between moderate and severe periodontitis and MetS: ORadjusted = 1.64 (95% CI: 1.01 to 2.68) and ORadjusted = 1.94 (95% CI: 1.19 to 3.16), respectively, after adjustment for age, sex, schooling level, smoking habit, and cardiovascular disease. The adjusted measurements showed that among individuals with moderate or severe periodontitis, the probability of having MetS was around two times greater than among those without periodontitis, and that the chance was greater among participants with severe periodontitis than those with moderate periodontitis. CONCLUSION An association between the severity of periodontal status and MetS was found, suggesting a possible relationship between the two diseases. CLINICAL RELEVANCE MetS influences the etiology of cardiovascular diseases, one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The findings suggest that the greater the severity of periodontitis, the greater is the association magnitude with MetS. The health professional needs to recognize that the importance of periodontal disease may play in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Suzart Gomes-Filho
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 379, Centro, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44025-010, Brazil.
| | - Izadora da S C E Balinha
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 379, Centro, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44025-010, Brazil
| | - Simone S da Cruz
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 379, Centro, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44025-010, Brazil.,Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Soraya C Trindade
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 379, Centro, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44025-010, Brazil
| | - Eneida de M M Cerqueira
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 379, Centro, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44025-010, Brazil
| | - Johelle de S Passos-Soares
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 379, Centro, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44025-010, Brazil.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Julita Maria F Coelho
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 379, Centro, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44025-010, Brazil
| | - Ana Marice T Ladeia
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Bahia Foundation for the Development of Sciences, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel P Vianna
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M Hintz
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 379, Centro, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44025-010, Brazil
| | - Teresinha C de Santana
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 379, Centro, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44025-010, Brazil
| | - Pedro P Dos Santos
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 379, Centro, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44025-010, Brazil
| | | | - Ivana C O da Silva
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 379, Centro, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44025-010, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício L Barreto
- Collective Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Peter M Loomer
- School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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16
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Mei F, Xie M, Huang X, Long Y, Lu X, Wang X, Chen L. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Its Systemic Impact: Current Status. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110944. [PMID: 33202751 PMCID: PMC7696708 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases, notably including atherosclerosis and diabetes, has been studied for several years. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a prominent component of oral microorganism communities, is the main pathogen that causes periodontitis. As a result of the extensive analysis of this organism, the evidence of its connection to systemic diseases has become more apparent over the last decade. A significant amount of research has explored the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and adverse pregnancy outcomes, while relatively few studies have examined its contribution to respiratory diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and depression. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge about Porphyromonas gingivalis and its systemic impact in an aim to inform readers of the existing epidemiological evidence and the most recent preclinical studies. Additionally, the possible mechanisms by which Porphyromonas gingivalis is involved in the onset or exacerbation of diseases, together with its effects on systemic health, are covered. Although a few results remain controversial, it is now evident that Porphyromonas gingivalis should be regarded as a modifiable factor for several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Mei
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (F.M.); (M.X.); (X.H.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mengru Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (F.M.); (M.X.); (X.H.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (F.M.); (M.X.); (X.H.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yanlin Long
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (F.M.); (M.X.); (X.H.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (F.M.); (M.X.); (X.H.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (F.M.); (M.X.); (X.H.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (L.C.)
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17
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Therapeutic Efficacy of Phage P IZ SAE-01E2 against Abortion Caused by Salmonella enterica Serovar Abortusequi in Mice. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01366-20. [PMID: 32887718 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01366-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Abortusequi is a frequently reported pathogen causing abortion in mares. In this study, the preventive and therapeutic effects of phage PIZ SAE-01E2 against S Abortusequi in a mouse model of abortion were investigated. Phage PIZ SAE-01E2 was stable at different temperatures (4 to 70°C) and pH values (pH 4 to 10) and could lyse the majority of the Salmonella serogroup O:4 and O:9 strains tested (25/28). There was no lysogeny-related, toxin, or antibiotic resistance-related gene in the genome of PIZ SAE-01E2. All of these characteristics indicate that PIZ SAE-01E2 has the potential for use in phage therapy. In in vivo experiments, 2 × 103 CFU/mouse of S Abortusequi ATCC 9842 was sufficient to lead to murine abortion (gestational day 14.5) within 48 h. A single intraperitoneal inoculation of PIZ SAE-01E2 (108 PFU/mouse, multiplicity of infection = 105) 1 h before or after S Abortusequi challenge provided effective protection to all pregnant mice (10/10). After 24 h of treatment with phage PIZ SAE-01E2, the bacterial loads in both the placenta and the uterus of the infected mice were significantly decreased (<102 CFU/g) compared to those in the placenta and the uterus of the mice in the control group (>106 CFU/g). In addition, the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the placenta and blood of the mice in the phage administration groups were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) compared to those in the placenta and blood of the mice in the control group. Altogether, these findings indicate that PIZ SAE-01E2 shows the potential to block abortions induced by S Abortusequi in vivo IMPORTANCE S Abortusequi is an important pathogen that can induce abortions in mares. Although S Abortusequi has been well controlled in Europe and the United States due to strict breeding and health policies, it is still widespread in African and Asian countries and has proven difficult to control. In China, abortions caused by S Abortusequi have also been reported in donkeys. So far, there is no commercial vaccine. Thus, exploiting alternative efficient and safe strategies to control S Abortusequi infection is essential. In this study, a new lytic phage, PIZ SAE-01E2, infecting S Abortusequi was isolated, and the characteristics of PIZ SAE-01E2 indicated that it has the potential for use in phage therapy. A single intraperitoneal inoculation of PIZ SAE-01E2 before or after S Abortusequi challenge provided effective protection to all pregnant mice. Thus, PIZ SAE-01E2 showed the potential to block abortions induced by S Abortusequi in vivo.
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18
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Tavarna T, Phillips PL, Wu XJ, Reyes L. Fetal growth restriction is a host specific response to infection with an impaired spiral artery remodeling-inducing strain of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14606. [PMID: 32884071 PMCID: PMC7471333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71762-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a periodontal pathogen implicated in a range of pregnancy disorders that involve impaired spiral artery remodeling (ISAR) with or without fetal growth restriction (FGR). Using a rodent periodontitis model, we assessed the ability of P. gingivalis to produce ISAR and FGR in Sprague Dawley (SD) and Wistar (WIS) rats. Both infected SD and WIS rats developed ISAR, but only WIS rats developed FGR despite both rat strains having equivalent microbial loads within the placenta. Neither maternal systemic inflammation nor placental (fetal) inflammation was a feature of FGR in WIS rats. Unique to infected WIS rats, was loss of trophoblast cell density within the junctional zone of the placenta that was not present in SD tissues. In addition, infected WIS rats had a higher proportion of junctional zone trophoblast cells positive for cytoplasmic high temperature requirement A1 (Htra1), a marker of cellular oxidative stress. Our results show a novel phenomenon present in P. gingivalis-induced FGR, with relevance to human disease since dysregulation of placental Htra1 and placental oxidative stress are features of preeclamptic placentas and preeclampsia with FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Tavarna
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Priscilla L Phillips
- Microbiology and Immunology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Xiao-Jun Wu
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Leticia Reyes
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Bobetsis YA, Graziani F, Gürsoy M, Madianos PN. Periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Periodontol 2000 2020; 83:154-174. [PMID: 32385871 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are considered not only to affect tooth-supporting tissues but also to have a cause-and-effect relationship with various systemic diseases and conditions, such as adverse pregnancy outcomes. Mechanistic studies provide strong evidence that periodontal pathogens can translocate from infected periodontium to the feto-placental unit and initiate a metastatic infection. However, the extent and mechanisms by which metastatic inflammation and injury contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes still remain unclear. The presence of oral bacteria in the placenta of women with term gestation further complicates our understanding of the biology behind the role of periodontal pathogens in pregnancy outcomes. Epidemiological studies demonstrate many methodological inconsistencies and flaws that render comparisons difficult and conclusions insecure. Therefore, despite the fact that a number of prospective studies show a positive association between periodontal diseases and various adverse pregnancy outcomes, the evidence behind it is still weak. Future well-designed explanatory studies are necessary to verify this relationship and, if present, determine its magnitude. The majority of high-quality randomized controlled trials reveal that nonsurgical periodontal therapy during the second trimester of gestation does not improve pregnancy outcomes. From a biological standpoint, this can be partially explained by the fact that therapy rendered at the fourth to sixth months of pregnancy is too late to prevent placental colonization by periodontal pathogens and consequently incapable of affecting pathogen-induced injury at the feto-placental unit. Thus, interventions during the preconception period may be more meaningful. With the increase in our understanding on the potential association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes, it is clear that dental practitioners should provide periodontal treatment to pregnant women that is safe for both the mother and the unborn child. Although there is not enough evidence that the anti-infective therapy alters pregnancy outcomes, it improves health-promoting behavior and periodontal condition, which in turn advance general health and risk factor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiorgos A Bobetsis
- Department of Periodontology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Filippo Graziani
- Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Phoebus N Madianos
- Department of Periodontology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Ye C, Katagiri S, Miyasaka N, Kobayashi H, Khemwong T, Nagasawa T, Izumi Y. The periodontopathic bacteria in placenta, saliva and subgingival plaque of threatened preterm labor and preterm low birth weight cases: a longitudinal study in Japanese pregnant women. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:4261-4270. [PMID: 32333174 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study determined the quantity of periodontopathic bacteria in saliva, subgingival plaque, and placenta on the threatened preterm labor (TPL) and preterm low birth weight (PLBW) subjects in order to identify specific periodontal pathogens with high association to adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS We used real-time PCR with TaqMan probe and ELISA to detect the amount of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella intermedia in subgingival plaque, saliva, and placenta tissue, in addition to serum IgG titers against these bacteria in 28 patients with TPL and 36 healthy pregnant women. RESULTS Thirteen of 64 births delivered PLBW infants. All 6 periodontopathic bacteria were detected in the placenta samples. The amount of F. nucleatum and detection frequency of T. denticola in placental samples was significantly higher in the TPL group than in the healthy group. Meanwhile, the age, anti-P. gingival IgG in serum, amount of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia in plaque samples, detection frequency of P. intermedia in saliva, and percentage of pocket probing depth ≥ 5 mm were higher in TPL-PLBW births than those in TPL-Healthy delivery (HD) group and/or in H-HD group. Ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of F. nucleatum in placental tissues was significantly associated with TPL, while the maternal age was significantly associated with PLBW in TPL. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested all 6 bacteria may access the placenta. The increased presence of F. nucleatum in placenta might be related to TPL, while advanced maternal age might be associated with PLBW in TPL. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Periodontal therapy should be applied to reduce the deep periodontal pocket sites and the colonization of periodontal pathogens in high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyasaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal and Maternal Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Medical Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Thatawee Khemwong
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nagasawa
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
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Chopra A, Radhakrishnan R, Sharma M. Porphyromonas gingivalis and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a review on its intricate pathogenic mechanisms. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:213-236. [PMID: 32267781 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1747392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a Gram-negative facultative anaerobe of the oral cavity, is associated with the onset of various adverse pregnancy outcomes. P. gingivalis is linked with the development of preeclampsia, preterm labour, spontaneous abortion, gestational diabetes, foetal growth restriction, and misconception. The unique virulence factors, surface adhesions, enzymes of P. gingivalis can directly injure and alter the morphology, microbiome the foetal and maternal tissues. P. gingivalis can even exaggerate the production of cytokines, free radicals and acute-phase proteins in the uterine compartment that increases the risk of myometrial contraction and onset of preterm labour. Although evidence confirms the presence of P. gingivalis in the amniotic fluid and placenta of women with poor pregnancy outcomes, the intricate molecular mechanisms by which P. gingivalis initiates various antenatal and postnatal maternal and foetal complications are not well explained in the literature. Therefore, the present review aims to comprehensively summarise and highlight the recent and unique molecular pathogenic mechanisms of P. gingivalis associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Chopra
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences & Research, Faridabad, India
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De Luccia TPB, Pendeloski KPT, Ono E, Mattar R, Pares DBS, Yazaki Sun S, Daher S. Unveiling the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes: Studies on local and peripheral immune cells. Scand J Immunol 2020; 91:e12860. [PMID: 31849072 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been associated with impaired maternal immune response. Our aim was to review the available literature linking immune cells profile to GDM, in order to comprehend the role that different subpopulations play in the development of this pathology. We searched in PubMed for studies published in the last decade on circulating levels and placenta expression of immune cells on GDM. We identified 18 studies with several differences regarding the study design, clinical characteristics, number of participants, cell subpopulation and type of sample. Most studies assessed only one subpopulation either in peripheral blood or placenta and did not analyse functional properties of the cells. The most frequently evaluated immune cells were T lymphocytes, especially regulatory T (Tregs), and natural killer (NK) cells in the peripheral blood, and placental macrophages. No studies analysing B cells were identified, and only one study each evaluating γδT cells, dendritic cell (DC) and monocytes was found. Although there are controversies, at least one study reported positive association between GDM and CD4+ (activated), Tregs, Th17 and γδT cells; neutrophil/lymphocyte; NK cell (cytotoxic); macrophages; and monocytes. The number of studies is still small, so caution should be exercised in interpreting the data, and further research is required to validate these findings and establish the role of adaptive and innate immune cells in GDM pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago P B De Luccia
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen P T Pendeloski
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Erika Ono
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Mattar
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - David B S Pares
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sue Yazaki Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Daher
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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23
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Romero R, Gomez-Lopez N, Winters AD, Jung E, Shaman M, Bieda J, Panaitescu B, Pacora P, Erez O, Greenberg JM, Ahmad MM, Hsu CD, Theis KR. Evidence that intra-amniotic infections are often the result of an ascending invasion - a molecular microbiological study. J Perinat Med 2019; 47:915-931. [PMID: 31693497 PMCID: PMC7147941 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2019-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity resulting in intra-amniotic infection is associated with obstetrical complications such as preterm labor with intact or ruptured membranes, cervical insufficiency, as well as clinical and histological chorioamnionitis. The most widely accepted pathway for intra-amniotic infection is the ascension of microorganisms from the lower genital tract. However, hematogenous dissemination of microorganisms from the oral cavity or intestine, retrograde seeding from the peritoneal cavity through the fallopian tubes, and introduction through invasive medical procedures have also been suggested as potential pathways for intra-amniotic infection. The primary reason that an ascending pathway is viewed as most common is that the microorganisms most often detected in the amniotic fluid are those that are typical inhabitants of the vagina. However, thus far, no studies have shown that microorganisms in the amniotic cavity are simultaneously present in the vagina of the woman from which they were isolated. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency with which microorganisms isolated from women with intra-amniotic infection are also present in the lower genital tract. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of women with intra-amniotic infection with intact membranes. Intra-amniotic infection was defined as a positive culture and elevated concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (>2.6 ng/mL) in amniotic fluid and/or acute histologic chorioamnionitis and funisitis. Microorganisms isolated from bacterial cultures of amniotic fluid were taxonomically identified through matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. Vaginal swabs were obtained at the time of amniocentesis for the identification of microorganisms in the lower genital tract. The overall bacterial profiles of amniotic fluids and vaginal swabs were characterized through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The bacterial profiles of vaginal swabs were interrogated for the presence of bacteria cultured from amniotic fluid and for the presence of prominent (>1% average relative abundance) operational taxonomic units (OTUs) within the overall 16S rRNA gene bacterial profiles of amniotic fluid. Results (1) A total of 75% (6/8) of women had bacteria cultured from their amniotic fluid that are typical residents of the vaginal ecosystem. (2) A total of 62.5% (5/8) of women with bacteria cultured from their amniotic fluid also had these bacteria present in their vagina. (3) The microorganisms cultured from amniotic fluid and also detected in the vagina were Ureaplasma urealyticum, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus agalactiae. (4) 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the amniotic fluid of women with intra-amniotic infection had bacterial profiles dominated by Sneathia, Ureaplasma, Prevotella, Lactobacillus, Escherichia, Gardnerella, Peptostreptococcus, Peptoniphilus, and Streptococcus, many of which had not been cultured from the amniotic fluid samples. (5) Seventy percent (7/10) of the prominent (>1% average relative abundance) OTUs found in amniotic fluid were also prominent in the vagina. Conclusion The majority of women with intra-amniotic infection had bacteria cultured from their amniotic fluid that were typical vaginal commensals, and these bacteria were detected within the vagina at the time of amniocentesis. Molecular microbiological interrogation of amniotic fluid from women with intra-amniotic infection revealed that the bacterial profiles of amniotic fluid were largely consistent with those of the vagina. These findings indicate that ascension from the lower genital tract is the primary pathway for intra-amniotic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Perinatal Research Initiative in Maternal, Perinatal and Child Health, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Andrew D. Winters
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eunjung Jung
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Majid Shaman
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Janine Bieda
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bogdan Panaitescu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Percy Pacora
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Maternity Department “D,” Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Jonathan M. Greenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Madison M. Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Chaur-Dong Hsu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Perinatal Research Initiative in Maternal, Perinatal and Child Health, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kevin R. Theis
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Perinatal Research Initiative in Maternal, Perinatal and Child Health, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Fischer LA, Demerath E, Bittner-Eddy P, Costalonga M. Placental colonization with periodontal pathogens: the potential missing link. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 221:383-392.e3. [PMID: 31051120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Observational studies demonstrate that women with severe periodontitis have a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes like preterm birth and low birthweight. Standard treatment for periodontitis in the form of scaling and root planing during the second trimester failed to reduce the risk of preterm or low birthweight. It is premature to dismiss the association between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes because one explanation for the failure of scaling and root planing to reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes is that periodontal pathogens spread to the placental tissue prior to periodontal treatment. In the placenta, orally derived organisms could cause direct tissue damage or mediate a maternal immune response that impairs the growth of the developing fetus. Sequencing studies demonstrate the presence of organisms derived from the oral microbiome in the placenta, but DNA-based sequencing studies should not be the only technique to evaluate the placental microbiome because they may not detect important shifts in the metabolic capability of the microbiome. In humans, polymerase chain reaction and histology have detected periodontal pathogens in placental tissue in association with multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes. We conclude that both placental and oral microbiomes may play a role in periodontitis-associated adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the measure to determine the association between periodontal pathogens in the placenta and adverse pregnancy outcomes should be the amount and prevalence, not the mere presence of such microorganisms. Placental colonization with periodontal pathogens thus potentially represents the missing link between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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25
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Fetal Weight Outcomes in C57BL/6J and C57BL/6NCrl Mice after Oral Colonization with Porphyromonas gingivalis. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00280-19. [PMID: 31331955 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00280-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered a keystone pathogen that contributes to the initiation and progression of periodontitis in humans. P. gingivalis has also been detected in human placentas associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The spread of P. gingivalis from the oral cavity to the reproductive tract thus represents a potential mechanism whereby periodontitis can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. In a murine model of pregnancy and oral infection with P. gingivalis, C57BL/6J mice developed low fetal weight, whereas C57BL/6NCrl mice did not. Although C57BL/6NCrl mice harbor segmented filamentous bacteria that drive a Th17 response, fetal weight was independent of frequency of Th17 or Th1 in either substrain. Low fetal weight was instead correlated with increasing amounts of P. gingivalis DNA in the placentas of the C57BL/6J dams. In contrast, fetal weight in C57BL/6NCrl mice was independent of P. gingivalis in the placenta. Differences in genetics or microbiome that influence the ability of P. gingivalis to colonize the placenta may drive differential fetal weight outcomes between C57BL/6J and C57BL/6NCrl mice and, potentially, between diverse human populations.
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt signal pathway resists the apoptosis and inflammation in human extravillous trophoblasts induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis. Mol Immunol 2018; 104:100-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Phillips P, Brown MB, Progulske-Fox A, Wu XJ, Reyes L. Porphyromonas gingivalis strain-dependent inhibition of uterine spiral artery remodeling in the pregnant rat. Biol Reprod 2018; 99:1045-1056. [PMID: 29788108 PMCID: PMC6297315 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is an important periodontal pathogen that is also implicated in pregnancy complications involving defective deep placentation (DDP). We hypothesized that Pg invasion of the placental bed promotes DDP. Pregnant rats were intravenously inoculated with sterile vehicle, Pg strain W83, or A7436 at gestation day (GD) 14 (acute cohort). Nonpregnant rats received repeated oral inoculations for 3 months before breeding (chronic cohort). Tissues and/or sera were collected at GD18 for analysis. Pg infection status was determined by seroconversion (chronic cohort) and by presence of Pg antigen in utero-placental tissues processed for histology and morphometric assessment of spiral artery remodeling. Mesometrial tissues from seropositive dams were analyzed for expression of interleukin 1β, 6, and 10, TNF, TGF-β, follistatin-related protein 3, and inhibin beta A chain since these genes regulate extravillous trophoblast invasion. The in situ distribution of W83 and A7436 antigen in utero-placental tissues was similar in both cohorts. In the acute cohort, mesometrial stromal necrosis was more common with W83, but arteritis was more common with A7436 infection (P < 0.05). Increased vascular necrosis was seen in mesometrium of chronically infected groups (P < 0.05). Only A7436-infected animals had increased fetal deaths, reduced spiral artery remodeling, reduced inhibin beta A expression, and an increased proportion of FSLT3 positive extravillous trophoblasts within spiral arteries. While infection with both Pg strains produced varying pathology of the deep placental bed, only infection with strain A7436 resulted in impaired spiral artery remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Phillips
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kirksville, Missouri, USA
| | - Mary B Brown
- Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ann Progulske-Fox
- Center for Molecular Microbiology and Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Xiao-Jun Wu
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconson, USA
| | - Leticia Reyes
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconson, USA
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Komine-Aizawa S, Aizawa S, Hayakawa S. Periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2018; 45:5-12. [PMID: 30094895 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
From last decade of the 20th century, numerous epidemiological studies and intervention trials have attempted to prove the relationships between maternal periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO). Periodontal diseases are considered a risk factor for APO, including preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, low birthweight, pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes. However, the efficacy of periodontal treatment during pregnancy is controversial. Two pathogenic mechanisms might explain the potential effect of periodontal diseases on pregnancy outcomes. First, periodontal bacteria originating in the gingival biofilm directly affect the feto-placental unit subsequent to bacteremia. Second, inflammatory mediators secreted by the subgingival inflammatory site are carried to the feto-placental unit, where they then cause an inflammatory response. To elucidate these mechanisms, many researchers have been investigating the use of experimental animal models and in vitro models. In the present review, we summarize the current literature on the relationship between periodontal diseases and APO from epidemiological studies, animal models studies and in vitro studies, and speculate on the possible mechanism of periodontal diseases affecting pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihoko Komine-Aizawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sohichi Aizawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Oral Surgery, JCHO Yokohama Chuo Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hayakawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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McCuaig R, Wong D, Gardiner FW, Rawlinson W, Dahlstrom JE, Robson S. Periodontal pathogens in the placenta and membranes in term and preterm birth. Placenta 2018; 68:40-43. [PMID: 30055668 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.06.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preterm birth is a common cause of adverse neonatal and childhood outcomes. It is commonly associated with infection of the maternal-fetal interface. The relationship between periodontitis and preterm labour is controversial. METHODS Control placental tissues from uncomplicated term births were compared with those from spontaneous preterm births for incidence of common periodontal bacteria. A chi-square analysis was used to compare the populations, with significance determined at p=<0.05. RESULTS The study group comprised 29 control women who had an uncomplicated term birth, 25 delivered by caesarean section and 4 vaginal deliveries, and 36 women with a spontaneous preterm labour and subsequent delivery at less than 34 weeks gestation. There were significant (p=<0.05) differences between the preterm and term groups maternal age with 28.7 compared to 32.0 years old respectively. There was no significant (p=>0.05) differences between the groups fetal risk factors or co-morbidities, except the preterm group had a significantly higher (p=<0.05) rate of premature rupture of membrane (PROM). There were significantly (p=<0.01) more Fusobacterium spp. in the placentas from term births than preterm births. DISCUSSION This study found that the common periodontal pathogen, Fusobacterium spp., is not detected more in placentas from preterm birth and may potentially be lower, possibly resulting from bacterial ecological factors in term placentas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth McCuaig
- The Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT, 2605, Australia.
| | - Diana Wong
- Schools of Medical Sciences, Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences and of Women's and Children's Health, University of NSW, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Fergus W Gardiner
- The Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT, 2605, Australia; Royal Flying Doctor Service, ACT, 2600, Australia; The Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - William Rawlinson
- Schools of Medical Sciences, Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences and of Women's and Children's Health, University of NSW, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jane E Dahlstrom
- The Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT, 2605, Australia; The Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Stephen Robson
- The Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT, 2605, Australia; The Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
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Tang L, He G, Liu X, Xu W. Progress in the understanding of the etiology and predictability of fetal growth restriction. Reproduction 2018; 153:R227-R240. [PMID: 28476912 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is defined as the failure of fetus to reach its growth potential for various reasons, leading to multiple perinatal complications and adult diseases of fetal origins. Shallow extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion-induced placental insufficiency and placental dysfunction are considered the main reasons for idiopathic FGR. In this review, first we discuss the major characteristics of anti-angiogenic state and the pro-inflammatory bias in FGR. We then elaborate major abnormalities in placental insufficiency at molecular levels, including the interaction between decidual leukocytes and EVT, alteration of miRNA expression and imprinted gene expression pattern in FGR. Finally, we review current animal models used in FGR, an experimental intervention based on animal models and the progress of predictive biomarker studies in FGR.Free Chinese abstract: A Chinese translation of this abstract is freely available at http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/153/6/R215/suppl/DC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tang
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSCU-CUHK, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education.,Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic DiseasesWest China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolin He
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic DiseasesWest China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic DiseasesWest China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenming Xu
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSCU-CUHK, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education .,Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic DiseasesWest China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Galectin-3 Plays an Important Role in Preterm Birth Caused by Dental Infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2867. [PMID: 29434245 PMCID: PMC5809409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental infection is risk for preterm birth (PTB) through unclear mechanisms. We established a dental infection-induced PTB mouse model, in which Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.) induced PTB by 2 days. We analysed pathogenic factors contributing to PTB and their effects on trophoblasts in vitro. TNF-α, IL-8, and COX-2 were upregulated in P.g.-infected placenta. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), an immune regulator, was significantly upregulated in placenta, amniotic fluid, and serum. In vitro, P.g.-lipopolysaccharide (P.g.-LPS) increased TNF-α and Gal-3 in trophoblasts via NF-κB/MAPK signalling. Gal-3 inhibition significantly downregulated P.g.-LPS-induced TNF-α production. TNF-α upregulated Gal-3. Gal-3 also increased cytokines and Gal-3 through NF-κB/MAPK signalling. Moreover, Gal-3 suppressed CD-66a expression at the maternal-foetal interface. Co-stimulation with Gal-3 and P.g.-LPS upregulated cytokine levels, while Gal-3 plus Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.)- or Escherichia coli (E. coli)-LPS treatment downregulated them, indicating the critical role of Gal-3 especially in P.g. dental infection-induced PTB. P.g.-dental infection induced PTB, which was associated with Gal-3-dependent cytokine production. New therapies and/or diagnostic systems targeting Gal-3 may reduce PTB.
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Takii R, Kadowaki T, Tsukuba T, Yamamoto K. Inhibition of gingipains prevents Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced preterm birth and fetal death in pregnant mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 824:48-56. [PMID: 29409911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating epidemiological evidence indicates that infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis which is a major periodontal pathogen, causes preterm birth and low birth weight. However, virulence factors of P. gingivalis responsible for preterm birth/low birth weight remain to be elucidated. In this study, using P. gingivalis-infected pregnant mice as an in vivo model, we investigated whether gingipains-cysteine proteinases produced by P. gingivalis-affect preterm birth and low birth weight. We found that intravenous infection of pregnant mice with P. gingivalis induced higher accumulation of the bacterium in the placenta than that in other organs. Compared to infection with P. gingivalis wild-type, infection with a gingipain-deficient P. gingivalis mutant KDP136 led to significant reduction in preterm birth and pregnancy loss. Although repetitive low-level infections of P. gingivalis failed to induce preterm birth and fetal death, it induced suppressive effects on IFN-γ production. Therapeutically, treatment with ginginpain inhibitors prevented fetal death and preterm birth caused by P. gingivalis infection and resulted in recovery of IFN-γ suppression caused by repetitive chronic P. gingivalis infection. These results indicate that gingipains are major virulence factors of P. gingivalis responsible for preterm birth/low birth, and gingipain inhibitors may be useful not only as a therapeutic agent for periodontal diseases, but also as a preventive medicine for preterm birth/low birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Takii
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kadowaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Frontier Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto 1-7-1, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tsukuba
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto 1-7-1, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Daalderop LA, Wieland BV, Tomsin K, Reyes L, Kramer BW, Vanterpool SF, Been JV. Periodontal Disease and Pregnancy Outcomes: Overview of Systematic Reviews. JDR Clin Trans Res 2017; 3:10-27. [PMID: 30370334 PMCID: PMC6191679 DOI: 10.1177/2380084417731097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is very common during pregnancy. Although it has been linked
to adverse pregnancy outcomes, systematic reviews have reached discrepant
conclusions on these links. Therefore, we conducted a systematic overview of
systematic reviews studying the association between periodontal disease and
adverse pregnancy outcomes. We searched 6 online databases up to November 2016
and hand-searched references and citations of eligible papers. Systematic
reviews of studies comparing pregnancy outcomes among women with and without
periodontal disease were eligible for inclusion. Primary outcomes were maternal
mortality, preterm birth, and perinatal mortality. Two reviewers extracted data
and assessed risk of bias of individual systematic reviews. Findings are
described in tabular and narrative form. Twenty-three systematic reviews
(including between 3 and 45 studies) were included. None reported the
association between periodontal disease and maternal or perinatal mortality.
Systematic reviews with the lowest risk of bias consistently demonstrated
positive associations between periodontal disease and preterm birth (relative
risk, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 2.0; 17 studies, 6,741 participants),
low birth weight (LBW; relative risk, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.1; 10 studies, 5,693
participants), preeclampsia (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4 to 3.4; 15 studies,
5,111 participants), and preterm LBW (relative risk 3.4; 95% CI, 1.3 to 8.8; 4
studies, 2,263 participants). Based on these figures, estimated
population-attributable fractions for periodontal disease were 5% to 38% for
preterm birth, 6% to 41% for LBW, and 10% to 55% for preeclampsia. In terms of
limitations, as several primary studies did not adjust for confounding,
meta-analyses may have overestimated the strength of the associations under
study. Due to substantial overlap in included primary studies, we could not
aggregate results across reviews. Consistent evidence from systematic reviews
with low risk of bias indicates that pregnant women with periodontal disease are
at increased risk of developing preeclampsia and delivering a preterm and/or LBW
baby (PROSPERO: CRD42015030132). Knowledge Transfer Statement: This study highlights that periodontal
disease is an important risk factor for several common adverse pregnancy
outcomes. Clinicians should be aware of this link to guide risk selection.
Research is needed to develop novel preventive and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Daalderop
- Department of Paediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - B V Wieland
- Department of Paediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - K Tomsin
- Department of Paediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - L Reyes
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - B W Kramer
- Department of Paediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - S F Vanterpool
- Department of Paediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - J V Been
- Department of Paediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Reyes L, Phillips P, Wolfe B, Golos TG, Walkenhorst M, Progulske-Fox A, Brown M. Porphyromonas gingivalis and adverse pregnancy outcome. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 10:1374153. [PMID: 29291034 PMCID: PMC5646603 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1374153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium considered to be an important pathogen of periodontal disease that is also implicated in adverse pregnancy outcome (APO). Until recently, our understanding of the role of P. gingivalis in APO has been limited and sometimes contradictory. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of past and current research on P. gingivalis that addresses some of the controversies concerning the role of this organism in the pathogenesis of APO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Reyes
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Priscilla Phillips
- Microbiology & Immunology, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Bryce Wolfe
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Molly Walkenhorst
- Microbiology & Immunology, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Ann Progulske-Fox
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Center for Molecular Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mary Brown
- Infectious Disease and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Schliefsteiner C, Peinhaupt M, Kopp S, Lögl J, Lang-Olip I, Hiden U, Heinemann A, Desoye G, Wadsack C. Human Placental Hofbauer Cells Maintain an Anti-inflammatory M2 Phenotype despite the Presence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Front Immunol 2017; 8:888. [PMID: 28824621 PMCID: PMC5534476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are macrophages of the feto-placental unit. Despite the general view that these cells have an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, recent studies have claimed that pregnancy pathologies—e.g., gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)—cause a switch from an M2 to an M1 pro-inflammatory phenotype in HBCs. The pilot-study presented here challenges this claim, showing that HBCs maintain anti-inflammatory properties in spite of the hyperglycemic, low-grade inflammatory environment of GDM. Methods HBCs were isolated from placentae of healthy women (N = 5) and women with GDM (N = 6) diagnosed in the second trimester. FACS was used to measure surface markers associated with either M1 or M2 phenotype on the cells. In addition, placental tissue sections were subjected to immune histochemical imaging to assess the phenotype within the tissue context. Supernatant from control and GDM HBCs was collected at defined time points and used in a multiplex ELISA-on-beads approach to assess secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. The effect of HBC cell culture supernatant on placental endothelial activation was investigated. Results FACS and immune staining showed that, indeed, M2 markers, such as CD206 and CD209, are increased in HBCs isolated from GDM placentae. Also, the M1 marker CD86 was increased, but only by trend. Secretion of numerous cytokines, chemokines and growth factors was not changed; pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 release form GDM HBC was increased but not significant. Exposure to GDM HBC supernatant did not induce cell adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, selectins, vascular endothelial-cadherin) in placental endothelial cells compared to supernatant from control HBCs, an induction of intracellular adhesion molecule 1 was observed however. Conclusion Our study—although performed in a small set of patients—shows that placental macrophages maintain their anti-inflammatory, tissue remodeling M2 phenotype even in pregnancies affected by gestational diabetes. This consistent phenotype might be important for propagation of maternal tolerance toward the fetus and for protection of the fetus from a low-grade inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Schliefsteiner
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Miriam Peinhaupt
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Kopp
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jelena Lögl
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Cell Biology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ingrid Lang-Olip
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ursula Hiden
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Robb KP, Cotechini T, Allaire C, Sperou A, Graham CH. Inflammation-induced fetal growth restriction in rats is associated with increased placental HIF-1α accumulation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175805. [PMID: 28423052 PMCID: PMC5397034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) is the oxygen-sensitive subunit of the transcription factor HIF-1, and its expression is increased in placentas from pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia (PE). Fetal growth restriction (FGR) and PE often share a common pathophysiology; however, it is unknown whether increased placental HIF-1α occurs in FGR. We previously demonstrated that aberrant maternal inflammation in rats resulted in altered utero-placental perfusion and FGR, both of which were prevented by administration of the nitric oxide mimetic glyceryl trinitrate (GTN). Our aim here was to determine whether abnormal maternal inflammation causing FGR is linked to placental HIF-1α accumulation and whether GTN administration could prevent increases in placental HIF-1α. Methods Levels of inflammatory factors in maternal plasma were measured using a multiplex assay after an injection of low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to rats on gestational day (GD) 13.5. Following three additional daily LPS injections from GD14.5–16.5, GD17.5 placentas were harvested for HIF-1α immunolocalisation; serial sections were also stained for the hypoxia marker pimonidazole. A subset of rats received LPS injections along with GTN delivered continuously (25 μg/h via a transdermal patch) on GD12.5-GD17.5. Results Within two hours of LPS administration, levels of maternal pro-inflammatory cytokines were increased compared with saline-treated controls. GD17.5 placentas of growth-restricted fetuses exhibited increased HIF-1α accumulation; however, this did not correlate with pimonidazole staining for which no differences were observed between groups. Furthermore, the LPS-mediated increases in maternal inflammatory cytokine levels and placental HIF-1α accumulation did not occur in rats treated with GTN. Discussion Our results demonstrate that inflammation-induced FGR is associated with increased placental HIF-1α accumulation; however, expression of this transcription factor may not correlate with regions of hypoxia in late-gestation placentas. The GTN-mediated attenuation of placental HIF-1α accumulation in LPS-treated rats provides insight into the mechanism by which GTN improves inflammation-induced complications of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P. Robb
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tiziana Cotechini
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Camille Allaire
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arissa Sperou
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles H. Graham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Meqa K, Dragidella F, Disha M, Sllamniku-Dalipi Z. The Association between Periodontal Disease and Preterm Low Birthweight in Kosovo. Acta Stomatol Croat 2017; 51:33-40. [PMID: 28740268 PMCID: PMC5506254 DOI: 10.15644/asc51/1/4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontal diseases have a high prevalence worldwide. Existing evidence support the concept that gingivitis and periodontitis are potentially infectious and they present inflammatory reservoirs that can be threatening to the fetoplacental unit. The objective of this study was to compare the periodontal status between women with normal delivery and those with preterm low-birthweight delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 200 postpartum women whose periodontal and obstetrical parameters were taken. The periodontal condition was assessed bedside according to the modified criteria established by Machtei, while the birthweight and gestational age were assessed according to the World Health Organization criteria. RESULTS Women with periodontitis are statistically at 3.2 times higher risk to deliver a child with low weight, and at 3.4 times higher risk to deliver preterm, compared to women without periodontitis. The women with preterm low-birthweight babies had deeper periodontal pockets (2.49mm ± 0.49mm) than women with normal delivery (2.26mm ± 0.49mm). CONCLUSIONS Periodontal disease in pregnant women with a reservoir of organisms and their products can be considered a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kastriot Meqa
- University of Pristina, Dentistry School, Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Pristina, Republic of Kosovo
| | - Fatmir Dragidella
- University of Pristina, Dentistry School, Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Pristina, Republic of Kosovo
| | - Metush Disha
- University of Pristina, Dentistry School, Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Pristina, Republic of Kosovo
| | - Zana Sllamniku-Dalipi
- University of Pristina, Dentistry School, Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Pristina, Republic of Kosovo
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Ren H, Li Y, Jiang H, Du M. Porphyromonas gingivalis induces IL-8 and IFN-gamma secretion and apoptosis in human extravillous trophoblast derived HTR8/SVneo cells via activation of ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways. Placenta 2016; 45:8-15. [PMID: 27577704 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preterm birth is a major cause for infant mortality and morbidity. A large number of studies have suggested a link between periodontal disease and preterm birth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction between a periodontopathic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis and human extravillous trophoblast derived HTR8/SVneo cells. METHODS Production of cytokines in HTR8 cells was measured via ELISA. Annexin V/PI flow cytometry was performed to assess apoptosis. Protein expression was measured by western blot. Specific pharmacological inhibitors were used to inactivate relevant signaling pathways (p38 MAPK, SB203580; ERK1/2, U0126; JNK, SP600125; NF-κB, JSH-23) to determine their roles in inflammation and apoptosis. RESULTS HTR8 cells released significant amounts of IL-8 and IFN-γ during exposure to P. gingivalis. Meanwhile, the percentages of both early and late apoptotic cells increased significantly in response to P. gingivalis. The most significant effect on inflammation was found using SB203580 and U0126, followed by SP600125 and JSH-23. Moreover, U0126 and SB203580 both partially but significantly suppressed P. gingivalis-induced apoptosis, with a large effect by U0126. Additionally, both heat-killed P. gingivalis and P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide significantly induced IL-8 production. CONCLUSION P. gingivalis induces inflammation and apoptosis in HTR8 cells, and we demonstrated for the first time that activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways participates in P. gingivalis-induced inflammation and apoptosis. The abnormal regulation of inflammation and apoptosis in human trophoblasts by P. gingivalis infection may give new insights into how maternal periodontal disease and periodontal pathogens might be linked to preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Ren
- MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Han Jiang
- MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Minquan Du
- MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Madianos PN, Bobetsis YA, Offenbacher S. Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) and periodontal disease: pathogenic mechanisms. J Periodontol 2016; 84:S170-80. [PMID: 23631577 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.1340015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the evidence on potential biological pathways underlying the possible association between periodontal disease (PD) and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). MATERIAL & METHODS Human, experimental and in vitro studies were evaluated. RESULTS Periodontal pathogens/byproducts may reach the placenta and spread to the foetal circulation and amniotic fluid. Their presence in the foeto-placental compartment can stimulate a foetal immune/inflammatory response characterized by the production of IgM antibodies against the pathogens and the secretion of elevated levels of inflammatory mediators, which in turn may cause miscarriage or premature birth. Moreover, infection/inflammation may cause placental structural changes leading to pre-eclampsia and impaired nutrient transport causing low birthweight. Foetal exposure may also result in tissue damage, increasing the risk for perinatal mortality/morbidity. Finally, the elicited systemic inflammatory response may exacerbate local inflammatory responses at the foeto-placental unit and further increase the risk for APOs. CONCLUSIONS Further investigation is still necessary to fully translate the findings of basic research into clinical studies and practice. Understanding the systemic virulence potential of the individual's oral microbiome and immune response may be a distinctly different issue from categorizing the nature of the challenge using clinical signs of PD. Therefore, a more personalized targeted therapy could be a more predictive answer to the current "one-size-fits-all" interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebus N Madianos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Madianos PN, Bobetsis YA, Offenbacher S. Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) and periodontal disease: pathogenic mechanisms. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 40 Suppl 14:S170-80. [PMID: 23627327 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the evidence on potential biological pathways underlying the possible association between periodontal disease (PD) and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). MATERIAL & METHODS Human, experimental and in vitro studies were evaluated. RESULTS Periodontal pathogens/byproducts may reach the placenta and spread to the foetal circulation and amniotic fluid. Their presence in the foeto-placental compartment can stimulate a foetal immune/inflammatory response characterized by the production of IgM antibodies against the pathogens and the secretion of elevated levels of inflammatory mediators, which in turn may cause miscarriage or premature birth. Moreover, infection/inflammation may cause placental structural changes leading to pre-eclampsia and impaired nutrient transport causing low birthweight. Foetal exposure may also result in tissue damage, increasing the risk for perinatal mortality/morbidity. Finally, the elicited systemic inflammatory response may exacerbate local inflammatory responses at the foeto-placental unit and further increase the risk for APOs. CONCLUSIONS Further investigation is still necessary to fully translate the findings of basic research into clinical studies and practice. Understanding the systemic virulence potential of the individual's oral microbiome and immune response may be a distinctly different issue from categorizing the nature of the challenge using clinical signs of PD. Therefore, a more personalized targeted therapy could be a more predictive answer to the current "one-size-fits-all" interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebus N Madianos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Porphyromonas gingivalis within Placental Villous Mesenchyme and Umbilical Cord Stroma Is Associated with Adverse Pregnancy Outcome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146157. [PMID: 26731111 PMCID: PMC4701427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a common oral pathobiont, is implicated in preterm birth. Our aim was to determine if the location of Pg within placental and/or umbilical cord sections was associated with a specific delivery diagnosis at preterm delivery (histologic chorioamnionitis, chorioamnionitis with funisitis, preeclampsia, and preeclampsia with HELLP-syndrome, small for gestational age). The prevalence and location of Pg within archived placental and umbilical cord specimens from preterm (25 to 32 weeks gestation) and term control cohorts were evaluated by immunofluorescent histology. Detection of Pg was performed blinded to pregnancy characteristics. Multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate independent effects of gestational age, being small for gestational age, specific preterm delivery diagnosis, antenatal steroids, and delivery mode, on the odds of having Pg in the preterm tissue. Within the preterm cohort, 49 of 97 (51%) placentas and 40 of 97 (41%) umbilical cord specimens were positive for Pg. Pg within the placenta was significantly associated with shorter gestation lengths (OR 0.63 (95%CI: 0.48–0.85; p = 0.002) per week) and delivery via caesarean section (OR 4.02 (95%CI: 1.15–14.04; p = 0.03), but not with histological chorioamnionitis or preeclampsia. However, the presence of Pg in the umbilical cord was significantly associated with preeclampsia: OR 6.73 (95%CI: 1.31–36.67; p = 0.02). In the term cohort, 2 of 35 (6%) placentas and no umbilical cord term specimens were positive for Pg. The location of Pg within the placenta was different between preterm and term groups in that Pg within the villous mesenchyme was only detected in the preterm cohort, whereas Pg associated with syncytiotrophoblasts was found in both preterm and term placentas. Taken together, our results suggest that the presence of Pg within the villous stroma or umbilical cord may be an important determinant in Pg-associated adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Penova-Veselinovic B, Keelan JA, Wang CA, Newnham JP, Pennell CE. Changes in inflammatory mediators in gingival crevicular fluid following periodontal disease treatment in pregnancy: relationship to adverse pregnancy outcome. J Reprod Immunol 2015; 112:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lorenz TK, Heiman JR, Demas GE. Sexual activity modulates shifts in TH1/TH2 cytokine profile across the menstrual cycle: an observational study. Fertil Steril 2015; 104:1513-21.e1-4. [PMID: 26385401 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate if sexual activity moderated menstrual cycle-related shifts in cytokines associated with T-helper type 1 (TH1) cells (e.g., interferon [IFN] γ) and T-helper type 2 (TH2) cells (e.g., interleukin [IL] 4). Immune activity shifts across the menstrual cycle, with higher follicular-phase TH1-cell activity but higher luteal-phase TH2-cell activity. Little is known about how social behaviors alter TH1-TH2 ratios, despite evidence that psychosocial factors can influence immunity. Of particular interest is how sexual activity influences immune responses that may support conception, such as the TH1-TH2 balance. DESIGN Participants provided saliva samples at four time points (menstrual, follicular, ovulatory, and luteal phases), which were assayed by means of ELISA. SETTING Academic laboratory. PARTICIPANT(S) Thirty healthy premenopausal women (16 sexually abstinent, 14 sexually active) not taking hormonal or immunoactive medications. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Salivary E2, P, IFN-γ, and IL-4. RESULT(S) Sexually active, but not abstinent, women were significantly more likely to express TH2-like cytokine ratios (IFN-γ < IL-4) in the luteal phase than in other phases. Similarly, sexually active women had significantly higher P, and higher P-E2 ratios, in the luteal phase than did abstinent women. The P-E2 ratio mediated menstrual variations in cytokine ratios in sexually active women. CONCLUSION(S) These results support the hypothesis that shifts in immune response across the menstrual cycle may reflect tradeoffs between reproduction and immunity. These findings point to the need for further research on the interaction between sexual behavior, the menstrual cycle, and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tierney K Lorenz
- Center for Integrative Study for Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; Kinsey Institute for Research on Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.
| | - Julia R Heiman
- Center for Integrative Study for Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; Kinsey Institute for Research on Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Gregory E Demas
- Center for Integrative Study for Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
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Ao M, Miyauchi M, Furusho H, Inubushi T, Kitagawa M, Nagasaki A, Sakamoto S, Kozai K, Takata T. Dental Infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis Induces Preterm Birth in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137249. [PMID: 26322971 PMCID: PMC4556457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have revealed a link between dental infection and preterm birth or low birth weight (PTB/LBW), however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Progress in understanding the associated mechanisms has been limited in part by lack of an animal model for chronic infection-induced PTB/LBW, mimicking pregnancy under conditions of periodontitis. We aimed to establish a mouse model of chronic periodontitis in order to investigate the link between periodontitis and PTB/LBW. METHODS To establish chronic inflammation beginning with dental infection, we surgically opened mouse (female, 8 weeks old) 1st molar pulp chambers and directly infected with w83 strain Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.), a keystone periodontal pathogen. Mating was initiated at 6 wks post-infection, by which time dental granuloma tissue had developed and live P.g. was cultured from extracted tooth root, which serves as a persistent source of P.g. The gestational day (gd) and birth weight were recorded during for P.g.-infected and control mice, and serum and placental tissues were collected at gd 15 to evaluate the systemic and local conditions during pregnancy. RESULTS Dental infection with P.g. significantly increased circulating TNF-α (2.5-fold), IL-17 (2-fold), IL-6 (2-fold) and IL-1β (2-fold). The P.g.-infected group delivered at gd 18.25 vs. gd 20.45 in the non-infected control (NC) group (p < 0.01), and pups exhibited LBW compared to controls (p < 0.01). P.g. was localized to placental tissues by immunohistochemistry and PCR, and defects in placental tissues of P.g. infected mice included premature rupture of membrane, placental detachment, degenerative changes in trophoblasts and endothelial cells, including necrotic areas. P.g. infection caused significantly increased numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) and macrophages in placental tissues, associated with increased local expression of pro-inflammatory mediators including TNF-α and COX-2. Further placental tissue damage was indicated in P.g. infected mice by decreased CD-31 in endothelial cells, increased expression of 8OHdG, an indicator of oxidative DNA damage, and cleaved caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis. In vitro, P.g. lipopolysaccharide significantly increased expression of COX-2, IL-8 and TNF-α, in HTR-8 trophoblasts in an NF-κB-dependent fashion. CONCLUSIONS Our novel mouse model supports previous epidemiological studies signifying dental infection as predisposing factor for PTB/LBW. We demonstrate PTB and LBW in infected mice, translocation of P.g to placental tissues, increased circulating and local pro-inflammatory markers, and the capability of P.g. LPS to directly induce cytokine production in trophoblasts, in vitro. These findings further underscore the importance of local and systemic infections and inflammation during pregnancy and suggest that prevention and/or elimination of dental infections such as marginal or periapical periodontitis before pregnancy may have a beneficial effect on PTB/LBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734–8553, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734–8553, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734–8553, Japan
| | - Hisako Furusho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734–8553, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Inubushi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734–8553, Japan
| | - Masae Kitagawa
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734–8553, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Nagasaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734–8553, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sakamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734–8553, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kozai
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734–8553, Japan
| | - Takashi Takata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734–8553, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Gohir W, Ratcliffe EM, Sloboda DM. Of the bugs that shape us: maternal obesity, the gut microbiome, and long-term disease risk. Pediatr Res 2015; 77:196-204. [PMID: 25314580 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic disease risk is inextricably linked to our early-life environment, where maternal, fetal, and childhood factors predict disease risk later in life. Currently, maternal obesity is a key predictor of childhood obesity and metabolic complications in adulthood. Although the mechanisms are unclear, new and emerging evidence points to our microbiome, where the bacterial composition of the gut modulates the weight gain and altered metabolism that drives obesity. Over the course of pregnancy, maternal bacterial load increases, and gut bacterial diversity changes and is influenced by pre-pregnancy- and pregnancy-related obesity. Alterations in the bacterial composition of the mother have been shown to affect the development and function of the gastrointestinal tract of her offspring. How these microbial shifts influence the maternal-fetal-infant relationship is a topic of hot debate. This paper will review the evidence linking nutrition, maternal obesity, the maternal gut microbiome, and fetal gut development, bringing together clinical observations in humans and experimental data from targeted animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajiha Gohir
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Deborah M Sloboda
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada [2] Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada [3] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide inhibits trophoblast invasion in the presence of nicotine. Placenta 2015; 36:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Brown MB, von Chamier M, Allam AB, Reyes L. M1/M2 macrophage polarity in normal and complicated pregnancy. Front Immunol 2014; 5:606. [PMID: 25505471 PMCID: PMC4241843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue macrophages play an important role in all stages of pregnancy, including uterine stromal remodeling (decidualization) before embryo implantation, parturition, and post-partum uterine involution. The activation state and function of utero-placental macrophages are largely dependent on the local tissue microenvironment. Thus, macrophages are involved in a variety of activities such as regulation of immune cell activities, placental cell invasion, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Disruption of the uterine microenvironment, particularly during the early stages of pregnancy (decidualization, implantation, and placentation) can have profound effects on macrophage activity and subsequently impact pregnancy outcome. In this review, we will provide an overview of the temporal and spatial regulation of utero-placental macrophage activation during normal pregnancy in human beings and rodents with a focus on more recent findings. We will also discuss the role of M1/M2 dysregulation within the intrauterine environment during adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary B Brown
- D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Maria von Chamier
- D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Ayman B Allam
- D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Leticia Reyes
- D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
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Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis enterocolitis during late stages of gestation induces an adverse pregnancy outcome in the murine model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111282. [PMID: 25365504 PMCID: PMC4218719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne diseases caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) are a significant health problem. Pregnancy, state of immunological tolerance, is a predisposing condition for the development of infections with intracellular pathogens. Salmonella species can cause pregnancy complications such as chorioamnionitis, transplacental fetal infection, pre term labor, abortions, neonatal and maternal septicemia. However, the specific mechanisms by which Salmonella infections trigger these alterations are not clear. In the present work, using a self-limiting enterocolitis murine model, we show that the ingestion of a low dose of S. Enteritidis at late stages of pregnancy (day 15 of gestation) is sufficient to induce massive maternal infection. We found that Salmonella infection leads to 40% of pre term delivery, 33% of abortion and fetal growth restriction. Placental dysfunction during S. Enteritidis enterocolitis was confirmed through cellular infiltration and hypoxia markers (MPO activity and COX-1 and COX-2 expression, respectively). Apoptosis in placental tissue due to Salmonella infection was also evident at day 18 of gestation when investigated by morphometric procedure, DNA fragmentation and Fas/FasL expression. Also, the expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17 and IL-10 was up regulated in response to Salmonella not only in placenta, but also in amniotic fluid and maternal serum. Altogether, our results demonstrate that S. Enteritidis enterocolitis during late stages of gestation causes detrimental effect on pregnancy outcome.
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Chaparro A, Blanlot C, Ramírez V, Sanz A, Quintero A, Inostroza C, Bittner M, Navarro M, Illanes SE. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and toll-like receptor 2 are associated with hypertensive disorders in placental tissue: a case-control study. J Periodontal Res 2013; 48:802-9. [PMID: 23711357 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM(S) To explore the associations between the presence of periodontal pathogens and the expression of toll-like receptors (TLR-2 and TLR-4) in the placental tissue of patients with hypertensive disorders compared to the placentas of healthy normotensive patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A case-control study was performed. From a cohort composed of 126 pregnant women, 33 normotensive healthy pregnant women were randomly selected, and 25 cases of patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia, were selected. Placental biopsy was obtained after aseptic placental collection at the time of delivery. All of the samples were processed and analysed for the detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Determination of the expressions of TLR-2 and TLR-4 was performed in samples of total purified protein isolated from placental tissues and analysed by ELISA. The data were assessed using descriptive statistics. The associations among variables were estimated through multiple logistic regression models and the Mann-Whitney test to evaluate the differences between the two groups. RESULTS A significant increase was observed in the expression of TLR-2 in the placentas of patients with hypertensive disorders (p = 0.04). Additionally, the multiple logistic regression models demonstrated an association between the presence of T. denticola and P. gingivalis in placental tissues and hypertensive disorders (OR: 9.39, p = 0.001, CI 95% 2.39-36.88 and OR: 7.59, p = 0.019, CI 95% 1.39-41.51, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In the present study, pregnant women with periodontal disease presented an association in the placental tissue between the presence of T. denticola and P. gingivalis and hypertensive disorders. Additionally, increased expression of TLR-2 was observed. However, further studies are required to determine the specific roles of periodontal pathogens and TLRs in the placental tissue of patients with pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chaparro
- Department of Periodontology, Dentistry Faculty, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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Pimentel SP, Casati MZ, Cirano FR, Ribeiro FV, Casarin RV, Kirsten TB, Chaves-Kirsten GP, Duarte PM, Bernardi MM. Perinatal periodontal disease reduces social behavior in male offspring. Neuroimmunomodulation 2013; 20:29-38. [PMID: 23154307 DOI: 10.1159/000342987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to verify whether prenatal maternal periodontitis is a risk factor for the development of central nervous system disorders in rats. METHODS Periodontitis was induced by placing a ligature around the upper and lower first molars in 9 female Wistar rats (experimental group); 9 rats were left unligated (control group). The maternal general activity in an open field was observed on gestational day (GD) 0, GD 4, and GD 14, and the maternal performance was assessed on the second day after birth. The pups' play behavior was assessed on postnatal day 30. The relative level of reelin was measured in the frontal cortex by real-time PCR analysis. RESULTS The results showed that, compared with the control group, (1) the general activity in female rats with periodontitis was decreased, (2) the maternal performance of these rats was not modified by periodontitis, (3) the play behavior of pups from dams with periodontitis was decreased, and (4) there were no differences in the frontal cortex reelin levels of pups from dams with periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that pre- and postnatal periodontitis induces maternal sickness behavior and reduces the pups' play behavior without interference with frontal cortex reelin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Pimentel
- Periodontology, Universidade Paulista, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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