1
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Chen GW, Guo L, Huang J, Ma H, Fernandez-Castillo S, Soubal-Mora JP, Valdes-Balbin Y, Verez-Bencomo V. Synthesis of oligosaccharides from terminal B. pertussis LPS pentasaccharide and definition of the minimal epitope recognized by anti-pertussis antibodies. Glycoconj J 2024:10.1007/s10719-024-10160-z. [PMID: 39046578 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Pertussis vaccines have been very effective in controlling whooping-cough epidemics but are ineffective in controlling circulation in older children and adults, thus facilitating the onset of future outbreaks. Antibodies against the lipopolysaccharide could reduce the carriage of the bacteria, its circulation, and transmission. The oligosaccharide fragments from the lipopolysaccharide may become a potential complement to existing vaccines in the form of protein glycoconjugates. An important step in the development of this type of vaccine is defining the minimal oligosaccharide epitope recognized by B. pertussis anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies. This paper describes the complete synthesis of oligosaccharides containing two to five monosaccharide units corresponding to the pentasaccharide at the nonreducing end of the lipooligosaccharide and their recognition by mice and rabbit antibodies elicited against whole-cell B. pertussis. For the first time, we report that the terminal disaccharide, α-D-GlcNAcp-(1 → 4)-(2,3-di-NAc)-D-ManAp acid is the minimal structure recognized by antibodies induced by B. pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Wu Chen
- Chengdu Olisynn Biotech. Co., Ltd., Building 3, Tianfu Life science Park. No 88, South Keyuan Rd., Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Guo
- Chengdu Olisynn Biotech. Co., Ltd., Building 3, Tianfu Life science Park. No 88, South Keyuan Rd., Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasheng Huang
- Chengdu Olisynn Biotech. Co., Ltd., Building 3, Tianfu Life science Park. No 88, South Keyuan Rd., Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijun Ma
- Chengdu Olisynn Biotech. Co., Ltd., Building 3, Tianfu Life science Park. No 88, South Keyuan Rd., Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
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2
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Cross AS. Hit 'em Where It Hurts: Gram-Negative Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide as a Vaccine Target. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2023; 87:e0004522. [PMID: 37432116 PMCID: PMC10521362 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00045-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria pose an increasing threat to the ability to perform surgical procedures, organ transplantation, and treat cancer among many other medical conditions. There are few new antimicrobials in the development pipeline. Vaccines against AMR Gram-negative bacteria may reduce the use of antimicrobials and prevent bacterial transmission. This review traces the origins of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-based vaccines against Gram-negative bacteria, the role of O polysaccharides and LPS core regions as potential vaccine targets, the development of new vaccine technologies, and their application to vaccines in current development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S. Cross
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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3
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Koj S, Lugowski C, Niedziela T. In-cell depolymerization of polysaccharide antigens. Exploring the processing pathways of glycans and why some glycoconjugate vaccines are less effective than expected: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 315:120969. [PMID: 37230635 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Koj
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Czeslaw Lugowski
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Niedziela
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
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4
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Palma M. Aspects of Phage-Based Vaccines for Protein and Epitope Immunization. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020436. [PMID: 36851313 PMCID: PMC9967953 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Because vaccine development is a difficult process, this study reviews aspects of phages as vaccine delivery vehicles through a literature search. The results demonstrated that because phages have adjuvant properties and are safe for humans and animals, they are an excellent vaccine tool for protein and epitope immunization. The phage genome can easily be manipulated to display antigens or create DNA vaccines. Additionally, they are easy to produce on a large scale, which lowers their manufacturing costs. They are stable under various conditions, which can facilitate their transport and storage. However, no medicine regulatory agency has yet authorized phage-based vaccines despite the considerable preclinical data confirming their benefits. The skeptical perspective of phages should be overcome because humans encounter bacteriophages in their environment all the time without suffering adverse effects. The lack of clinical trials, endotoxin contamination, phage composition, and long-term negative effects are some obstacles preventing the development of phage vaccines. However, their prospects should be promising because phages are safe in clinical trials; they have been authorized as a food additive to avoid food contamination and approved for emergency use in phage therapy against difficult-to-treat antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Therefore, this encourages the use of phages in vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Palma
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE), 03181 Torrevieja, Spain;
- Creative Biolabs Inc., Shirley, NY 11967, USA
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5
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Gao J, Huang L, Luo S, Qiao R, Liu F, Li X. A novel vaccine formulation candidate based on lipooligosaccharides and pertussis toxin against Bordetella pertussis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1124695. [PMID: 37187761 PMCID: PMC10176092 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1124695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pertussis is a severe human respiratory tract infectious disease caused by Bordetella pertussis that primarily affects infants and young children. However, the acellular pertussis vaccine currently administered can induce antibody and Th2 immune responses but fails to prevent the nasal colonization and transmission of B. pertussis, causing a resurgence of pertussis, so improved pertussis vaccines are urgently needed. In this study, we created a two-component pertussis vaccine candidate containing a conjugate prepared from oligosaccharides and pertussis toxin. After demonstrating the ability of the vaccine to induce a mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 profile in a mouse model, the strong in vitro bactericidal activity and IgG response of the vaccine were further demonstrated. In addition, the vaccine candidate further induced efficient prophylactic effects against B. pertussis in a mouse aerosol infection model. In summary, the vaccine candidate in this paper induces antibodies with bactericidal activity to provide high protection, shorten the duration of bacterial existence, and further reduce disease outbreaks. Therefore, the vaccine has the potential to be the next generation of pertussis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Gao
- The First R&D Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linlin Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, China
| | - Shuquan Luo
- The First R&D Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruijie Qiao
- The First R&D Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fanglei Liu
- The First R&D Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- The First R&D Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Li,
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6
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Blanc P, Liu Y, Reveneau N, Cavell B, Gorringe A, Renauld-Mongénie G. The role of bactericidal and opsonic activity in immunity against Bordetella pertussis. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1727-1738. [PMID: 36369768 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2137145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pertussis vaccines have drastically reduced the disease burden in humans since their implementation. Despite their success, pertussis remains an important global public health challenge. Bordetella pertussis resurgence could be a result of greater surveillance combined with improved diagnosis methods, changes in Bordetella pertussis biology, vaccine schedules, and/or coverage. Additionally, mechanisms of protection conferred by acellular pertussis (aP) and whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines differ qualitatively. There are no clear immune correlates of protection for pertussis vaccines. Pertussis antigens can induce toxin neutralizing antibodies, block adherence or engage complement mediated phagocytic/bactericidal killing. AREAS COVERED We reviewed the existing evidence on antibody-mediated serum bactericidal and opsonophagocytic activity and discussed the relevance of these functional antibodies in the development of next-generation pertussis vaccines. EXPERT OPINION Current paradigm proposes that wP vaccines may confer greater herd protection than aP vaccines due to their enhanced clearance of bacteria from the nasopharynx in animal models. Functional antibodies may contribute to the reduction of nasal colonization, which differentiates aP and wP vaccines. Understanding the intrinsic differences in protective immune responses elicited by each class of vaccines will help to identify biomarkers that can be used as immunological end points in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Blanc
- Research & Development, Sanofi, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Yuanqing Liu
- Research & Development, Sanofi, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | | | - Breeze Cavell
- Department of Research and Evaluation, United Kingdom (UK) Health Security Agency, Salisbury, UK
| | - Andrew Gorringe
- Department of Research and Evaluation, United Kingdom (UK) Health Security Agency, Salisbury, UK
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7
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Wang P, Ramadan S, Dubey P, Deora R, Huang X. Development of carbohydrate based next-generation anti-pertussis vaccines. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 74:117066. [PMID: 36283250 PMCID: PMC9925305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen, Bordetella pertussis. Despite high global vaccination rates, pertussis is resurging worldwide. Here we discuss the development of current pertussis vaccines and their limitations, which highlight the need for new vaccines that can protect against the disease and prevent development of the carrier state, thereby reducing transmission. The lipo-oligosaccharide of Bp is an attractive antigen for vaccine development as the anti-glycan antibodies could have bactericidal activities. The structure of the lipo-oligosaccharide has been determined and its immunological properties analyzed. Strategies enabling the expression, isolation, and bioconjugation have been presented. However, obtaining the saccharide on a large scale with high purity remains one of the main obstacles. Chemical synthesis provides a complementary approach to accessing the carbohydrate epitopes in a pure and structurally well-defined form. The first total synthesis of the non-reducing end pertussis pentasaccharide is discussed. The conjugate of the synthetic glycan with a powerful immunogenic carrier, bacteriophage Qβ, results in high levels and long-lasting anti-glycan IgG antibodies, paving the way for the development of a new generation of anti-pertussis vaccines with high bactericidal activities and biocompatibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sherif Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Qaliobiya 13518, Egypt
| | - Purnima Dubey
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rajendar Deora
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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8
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Nazirov MR, Poddubikov AV, Kukes VG, Sidorov NG, Parfenova OK. Quantitative Assay of B. pertussis Lipopolysaccharide. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 172:718-720. [PMID: 35501658 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05463-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We studied activity of Bordetella pertussis LPS in the LAL test. The mean activity of various series of LPS preparations obtained from B. pertussis cells ranged from 1,950,000 to 2,940,000 endotoxin units/μg (EU/μg). Activity of the LPS preparation obtained from the culture medium supernatant was significantly higher (4,640,000 EU/μg). Activity of the control standard E. coli 055:B5 LPS was 19,500±500 EU/μg. These data indicate that activity of the obtained preparations of B. pertussis LPS in the LAL test is 100-200 times higher than activity of E. coli LPS used as a reference control. It was concluded that the results of the LAL test when assessing the permissible content of B. pertussis endotoxins require correction, probably by introducing a correction factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Nazirov
- I. I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Poddubikov
- I. I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
| | - V G Kukes
- Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products, Ministry of the Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - N G Sidorov
- I. I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia.
| | - O K Parfenova
- V. N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Wang Z, Fan F, Wang J, Wang L, Hu H, Wang C, Wang X. Engineering Escherichia coli to produce Bordetella pertussis oligosaccharide with multiple trisaccharide units. Metab Eng 2021; 69:147-162. [PMID: 34863939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The immunogenicity of the pertussis vaccine can be significantly improved by adding Bordetella pertussis oligosaccharide with multiple trisaccharide units. The more trisaccharide units there are, the better the efficiency of the immune response induction. However, natural B. pertussis oligosaccharides usually contain only a single terminal trisaccharide unit. In addition, B. pertussis is pathogenic, and there are potential safety hazards when preparing oligosaccharides from B. pertussis. In this study, Escherichia coli MG1655 was engineered to produce B. pertussis oligosaccharides containing multiple trisaccharide units. Fifty-nine genes relevant to the biosynthesis of the O-antigen and core oligosaccharide of lipopolysaccharide, enterobacterial common antigen, and colanic acid were deleted in MG1655, resulting in strain MDCO020. Then, 25 genes relevant to the biosynthesis of the oligosaccharide antigen in B. pertussis and 3 genes relevant to the repeating trisaccharide unit in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 were overexpressed in MDCO020, resulting in the recombinant E. coli MDCO020/pWpBpD5. The production of B. pertussis oligosaccharide with multiple trisaccharide units by MDCO020/pWpBpD5 was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and 1H NMR analyses, and its immune response-stimulating activity was confirmed by using rabbit anti-pertussis serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Fengfeng Fan
- Suzhou Microvac Biotech Co., Ltd., Suzhou, 215021, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Liangjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Suzhou Microvac Biotech Co., Ltd., Suzhou, 215021, China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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10
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Structure and Immunogenicity of the Bordetella pertussis LOS-Derived Oligosaccharides in the Endosomal-Like Pre-Processing Mice Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060645. [PMID: 34199173 PMCID: PMC8231563 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoproteins are processed endosomally prior to presentation to T cells and subsequent induction of specific antibodies. The sugar part of glycoconjugate may be degraded while the type of the process depends on the features of the particular structure. The generated carbohydrate epitopes may differ from native structures and influence immunogenicity of the antigens. We have devised a model of endosomal-like pre-processing of Bordetella pertussis 186 oligosaccharides (OSs) to verify how it affects the immunogenicity of their conjugates. The glycoconjugates of structurally defined forms of the dodecasaccharide OS were synthesized and their immunogenicity was assessed using immunochemical methods. The structural features of the oligosaccharides and their sensitivity to deamination were analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. The distal trisaccharide-comprising pentasaccharide conjugated to a protein was the most effective in inducing immune response against the B. pertussis 186 LOS and the immune response to the complete OS conjugates was significantly lower. This could be explained by the loss of the distal trisaccharide during the in-cell deamination process suggesting that the native structure is not optimal for a vaccine antigen. Consequently, our research has shown that designing of new glycoconjugate vaccines requires the antigen structures to be verified in context of possible endosomal reactions beforehand.
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11
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Ucieklak K, Koj S, Niedziela T. Conserved Structural Features of Core Oligosaccharides among the Lipopolysaccharides of Respiratory Pathogens from the Genus Bordetella Analyzed Exclusively by NMR Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1029. [PMID: 33494150 PMCID: PMC7864354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens expose on the cell surface a variety of complex carbohydrate molecules. Gram-negative bacteria produce lipopolysaccharides, which are the main components of the outer membrane of bacterial envelopes and play a major role in host-pathogen interactions. B. pertussis, B. parapertussis, B. bronchiseptica, and B. holmesii, are mammalian respiratory pathogens, having substantial economic impact on human health and agriculture. B. pertussis is responsible for whooping cough (pertussis) and B. holmesii is the second pertussis etiological factor, but the current anti-pertussis vaccines do not provide cross-protection. The structural data on any given hypothetical carbohydrate antigen is a prerequisite for further analysis of structure-related activities and their interaction with hosts. 1H NMR spectra constitute fingerprints of the analyzed glycans and provide unique identity information. The concept of structure-reporter groups has now been augmented by 1H,13C-correlation spectra of the Bordetella oligosaccharides. The comparative analysis of Bordetellae oligosaccharides (OS) revealed that the hexasaccharide, comprising the α-GlcpN, α-GlcpA, 4,6-disubstituted-β-Glcp, 2,7-disubstituted-l-α-d-Hepp, 3,4-disubstituted-l-α-d-Hepp, and Kdo, constitute the least variable OS segment. This minimal common element in the structure of lipopolysaccharides of Bordetellae could be used to devise a universal cross-protective vaccine component against infections with various bacteria from the genus Bordetella.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomasz Niedziela
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.U.); (S.K.)
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12
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Ucieklak K, Koj S, Niedziela T. Bordetella holmesii Lipopolysaccharide Hide and Seek Game with Pertussis: Structural Analysis of the O-Specific Polysaccharide and the Core Oligosaccharide of the Type Strain ATCC 51541. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6433. [PMID: 32899371 PMCID: PMC7504554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Whooping cough is a highly contagious disease caused predominantly by Bordetella pertussis, but it also comprises of a pertussis-like illness caused by B. holmesii. The virulence factors of B. holmesii and their role in the pathogenesis remain unknown. Lipopolysaccharide is the main surface antigen of all Bordetellae. Data on the structural features of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of B. holmesii are scarce. The poly- and oligosaccharide components released by mild acidic hydrolysis of the LPS were separated and investigated by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and chemical methods. The structures of the O-specific polysaccharide and the core oligosaccharide of B. holmesii ATCC 51541 have been identified for the first time. The novel pentasaccharide repeating unit of the B. holmesii O-specific polysaccharide has the following structure: {→2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→4)-[β-d-GlcpNAc-(1→3]-α-d-Galp-(1→3)-α-d-GlcpNAc-(1→}n. The SDS-PAGE and serological cross-reactivities of the B. holmesii LPS suggested the similarity between the core oligosaccharides of B. holmesii ATCC 51541 and B. pertussis strain 606. The main oligosaccharide fraction contained a nonasaccharide. The comparative analysis of the NMR spectra of B. holmesii core oligosaccharide fraction with this of the B. pertussis strain 606 indicated that the investigated core oligosaccharides were identical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomasz Niedziela
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.U.); (S.K.)
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13
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Wang P, Huo CX, Lang S, Caution K, Nick ST, Dubey P, Deora R, Huang X. Chemical Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of a Pentasaccharide Bearing Multiple Rare Sugars as a Potential Anti-pertussis Vaccine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6451-6458. [PMID: 31953912 PMCID: PMC7141973 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
With the infection rate of Bordetella pertussis at a 60-year high, there is an urgent need for new anti-pertussis vaccines. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of B. pertussis is an attractive antigen for vaccine development. With the presence of multiple rare sugars and unusual glycosyl linkages, the B. pertussis LPS is a highly challenging synthetic target. In this work, aided by molecular dynamics simulation and modeling, a pertussis-LPS-like pentasaccharide was chemically synthesized for the first time. The pentasaccharide was conjugated with a powerful carrier, bacteriophage Qβ, as a vaccine candidate. Immunization of mice with the conjugate induced robust anti-glycan IgG responses with IgG titers reaching several million enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) units. The antibodies generated were long lasting and boostable and could recognize multiple clinical strains of B. pertussis, highlighting the potential of Qβ-glycan as a new anti-pertussis vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Chang-Xin Huo
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Shuyao Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Kyle Caution
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, 460 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Setare Tahmasebi Nick
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Purnima Dubey
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, 460 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rajendar Deora
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, 460 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, USA
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14
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Wang P, Huo C, Lang S, Caution K, Nick ST, Dubey P, Deora R, Huang X. Chemical Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of a Pentasaccharide Bearing Multiple Rare Sugars as a Potential Anti‐pertussis Vaccine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State University 578 South Shaw Lane East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Chang‐xin Huo
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State University 578 South Shaw Lane East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Shuyao Lang
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State University 578 South Shaw Lane East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Kyle Caution
- Department of Microbial Infection and ImmunityThe Ohio State University 460 W 12th Ave Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Setare Tahmasebi Nick
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State University 578 South Shaw Lane East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Purnima Dubey
- Department of Microbial Infection and ImmunityThe Ohio State University 460 W 12th Ave Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Rajendar Deora
- Department of Microbial Infection and ImmunityThe Ohio State University 460 W 12th Ave Columbus OH 43210 USA
- Department of MicrobiologyThe Ohio State University USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State University 578 South Shaw Lane East Lansing MI 48824 USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMichigan State University USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and EngineeringMichigan State University USA
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15
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Gestal MC, Johnson HM, Harvill ET. Immunomodulation as a Novel Strategy for Prevention and Treatment of Bordetella spp. Infections. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2869. [PMID: 31921136 PMCID: PMC6923730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-adapted pathogens have evolved to survive the many challenges of a robust immune response. Defending against all host antimicrobials simultaneously would be exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, so many co-evolved organisms utilize immunomodulatory tools to subvert, distract, and/or evade the host immune response. Bordetella spp. present many examples of the diversity of immunomodulators and an exceptional experimental system in which to study them. Recent advances in this experimental system suggest strategies for interventions that tweak immunity to disrupt bacterial immunomodulation, engaging more effective host immunity to better prevent and treat infections. Here we review advances in the understanding of respiratory pathogens, with special focus on Bordetella spp., and prospects for the use of immune-stimulatory interventions in the prevention and treatment of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica C Gestal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hannah M Johnson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Eric T Harvill
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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16
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Marchetti R, Perez S, Arda A, Imberty A, Jimenez‐Barbero J, Silipo A, Molinaro A. "Rules of Engagement" of Protein-Glycoconjugate Interactions: A Molecular View Achievable by using NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular Modeling. ChemistryOpen 2016; 5:274-96. [PMID: 27547635 PMCID: PMC4981046 DOI: 10.1002/open.201600024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of protein-ligand interactions, which lie at the heart of host-pathogen recognition, represents a crucial step to clarify the molecular determinants implicated in binding events, as well as to optimize the design of new molecules with therapeutic aims. Over the last decade, advances in complementary biophysical and spectroscopic methods permitted us to deeply dissect the fine structural details of biologically relevant molecular recognition processes with high resolution. This Review focuses on the development and use of modern nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to dissect binding events. These spectroscopic methods, complementing X-ray crystallography and molecular modeling methodologies, will be taken into account as indispensable tools to provide a complete picture of protein-glycoconjugate binding mechanisms related to biomedicine applications against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Marchetti
- Department of Chemical SciencestUniversity of Napoli Federico IIVia Cintia 480126NapoliItaly
| | - Serge Perez
- Department Molecular Pharmacochemistry UMR 5063CNRS and University of GrenobleAlpes, BP 5338041 Grenoble cedex 9France
| | - Ana Arda
- Bizkaia Technological ParkCIC bioGUNEBuilding 801A-148160Derio-BizkaiaSpain
| | - Anne Imberty
- Centre de Recherche sur les CNRSand University of Grenoble Macromolécules Végétales, UPR 5301Alpes, BP 5338041Grenoble cedex 9France
| | | | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical SciencestUniversity of Napoli Federico IIVia Cintia 480126NapoliItaly
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical SciencestUniversity of Napoli Federico IIVia Cintia 480126NapoliItaly
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17
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Marchetti R, Molinaro A, Silipo A. NMR as a Tool to Unveil the Molecular Basis of Glycan-mediated Host–Pathogen Interactions. CARBOHYDRATES IN DRUG DESIGN AND DISCOVERY 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849739993-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The nature of the relationship between microbes and hosts spans the broad spectrum from beneficial (symbiosis) to pathogenic (disease); one of the key factors determining the establishment of any type of host–microbe interaction is the pattern of glycoconjugates exposed on cell surfaces, many known as virulence factors since they are pivotal for adhesion to host tissue, immunoevasion and immunosuppression, causing disease in the host. The recognition of these pathogen glycostructures by specific host receptors is an important means of immune defense. In this context, NMR represents a valuable tool to investigate the conformational properties of both host/pathogen signaling molecules and to disclose their interaction at a molecular level. This chapter provides an overview of several protein–carbohydrate interaction systems studied by NMR, and their implications in human and plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo Via Cintia 4 I-80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo Via Cintia 4 I-80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo Via Cintia 4 I-80126 Napoli Italy
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18
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Studies of a murine monoclonal antibody directed against DARC: reappraisal of its specificity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116472. [PMID: 25706384 PMCID: PMC4338028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) plays multiple roles in human health as a blood group antigen, a receptor for chemokines and the only known receptor for Plasmodium vivax merozoites. It is the target of the murine anti-Fy6 monoclonal antibody 2C3 which binds to the first extracellular domain (ECD1), but exact nature of the recognized epitope was a subject of contradictory reports. Here, using a set of complex experiments which include expression of DARC with amino acid substitutions within the Fy6 epitope in E. coli and K562 cells, ELISA, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and flow cytometry, we have resolved discrepancies between previously published reports and show that the basic epitope recognized by 2C3 antibody is 22FEDVW26, with 22F and 26W being the most important residues. In addition, we demonstrated that 30Y plays an auxiliary role in binding, particularly when the residue is sulfated. The STD-NMR studies performed using 2C3-derived Fab and synthetic peptide corroborated most of these results, and together with the molecular modelling suggested that 25V is not involved in direct interactions with the antibody, but determines folding of the epitope backbone.
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19
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Li Q, Zhu Y, Chu J, Wang Y, Xu Y, Hou Q, Zhang S, Guo X. Protective Immunity againstBordetella pertussisby a Recombinant DNA Vaccine and the Effect of Coinjection with a Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor Gene. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 50:929-36. [PMID: 17179660 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2006.tb03869.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A recombinant pertussis DNA vaccine was described here with its immunogenicity and the ability to induce protection against B. pertussis infection in mice. Three immunodominant antigen gene fragments of pertussis, pertussis toxin subunit 1 (pts1), fragments of pertactin (prn) and filamentous hemagglutinin (fha), were recombined as fragment pts1-prn-fha named ppf, and it was cloned to plasmid pVAX1 as pVAX1/ppf. Compared to those injected with pVAX1, the mice injected with pVAX1/ppf significantly elicited more antigen specific antibody anti-PTS1, anti-PRN, anti-FHA and cytokine IL-10, IFN-gamma. When pGM-CSF was coinjected with pVAX1/ppf, the mice showed significantly increases of the three antibodies and cytokine IL-10, IL-4, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha compared to those injected with pVAX1 only. The mice in group pVAX1/ppf & pGM-CSF, in particular; induced much more anti-PTS1, IL-4 and TNF-alpha than those in group pVAX1/ppf. In the intracerebral mouse protection test, the mice immunized with pVAX1/ppf or pVAX1/ppf & pGM-CSF induced protection to a lethal dose of B. pertussis. The results indicate that recombinant DNA vaccine and pGM-CSF coinjection can induce protective immunity against B. pertussis, demonstrating a valuable method to prevent pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtian Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
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20
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Plum M, Michel Y, Wallach K, Raiber T, Blank S, Bantleon FI, Diethers A, Greunke K, Braren I, Hackl T, Meyer B, Spillner E. Close-up of the immunogenic α1,3-galactose epitope as defined by a monoclonal chimeric immunoglobulin E and human serum using saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:43103-11. [PMID: 21990360 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.291823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaphylaxis mediated by carbohydrate structures is a controversially discussed phenomenon. Nevertheless, IgE with specificity for the xenotransplantation antigen α1,3-Gal (α-Gal) are associated with a delayed type of anaphylaxis, providing evidence for the clinical relevance of carbohydrate epitopes in allergy. The aim of this study was to dissect immunoreactivity, interaction, and fine epitope of α-Gal-specific antibodies to obtain insights into the recognition of carbohydrate epitopes by IgE antibodies and their consequences on a molecular and cellular level. The antigen binding moiety of an α-Gal-specific murine IgM antibody was employed to construct chimeric IgE and IgG antibodies. Reactivity and specificity of the resulting antibodies were assessed by means of ELISA and receptor binding studies. Using defined carbohydrates, interaction of the IgE and human serum was assessed by mediator release assays, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and saturation transfer difference NMR analyses. The α-Gal-specific chimeric IgE and IgG antibodies were proven functional regarding interaction with antigen and Fc receptors. SPR measurements demonstrated affinities in the micromolar range. In contrast to a reference antibody, anti-Gal IgE did not induce mediator release, potentially reflecting the delayed type of anaphylaxis. The α1,3-Gal epitope fine structures of both the recombinant IgE and affinity-purified serum were defined by saturation transfer difference NMR, revealing similar contributions of carbohydrate residues and participation of both galactose residues in interaction. The antibodies generated here constitute the principle underlying α1,3-Gal-mediated anaphylaxis. The complementary data of affinity and fine specificity may help to elucidate the recognition of carbohydrates by the adaptive immune response and the molecular requirements of carbohydrate-based anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Plum
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
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21
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Oligosaccharide conjugates of Bordetella pertussis and bronchiseptica induce bactericidal antibodies, an addition to pertussis vaccine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:4087-92. [PMID: 21367691 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1100782108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory disease that is especially dangerous for infants and children. Despite mass vaccination, reported pertussis cases have increased in the United States and other parts of the world, probably because of increased awareness, improved diagnostic means, and waning vaccine-induced immunity among adolescents and adults. Licensed vaccines do not kill the organism directly; the addition of a component inducing bactericidal antibodies would improve vaccine efficacy. We investigated Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica LPS-derived core oligosaccharide (OS) protein conjugates for their immunogenicity in mice. B. pertussis and B. bronchiseptica core OS were bound to aminooxylated BSA via their terminal Kdo residues. The two conjugates induced similar anti-B. pertussis LPS IgG levels in mice. B. bronchiseptica was investigated because it is easier to grow than B. pertussis. Using B. bronchiseptica genetically modified strains deficient in the O-specific polysaccharide, we isolated fractions of core OS with one to five repeats of the terminal trisaccharide, having at the nonreducing end a GlcNAc or GalNAc, and bound them to BSA at different densities. The highest antibody levels in mice were elicited by conjugates containing an average of 8-17 OS chains per protein and with one repeat of the terminal trisaccharide. Conjugate-induced antisera were bactericidal against B. pertussis, and the titers correlated with ELISA-measured antibody levels (r = 0.74). Such conjugates are easy to prepare and standardize; added to a recombinant pertussis toxoid, they may induce antibacterial and antitoxin immunity.
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22
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for the period 2005-2006. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1-100. [PMID: 20222147 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fourth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2006. The review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, method developments, and applications of the technique to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, glycated proteins, glycolipids from bacteria, glycosides, and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing, a section on industrial processes, particularly the development of biopharmaceuticals and a section on the use of MALDI-MS to monitor products of chemical synthesis of carbohydrates. Large carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers are highlighted in this final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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23
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Kubler-Kielb J, Vinogradov E, Ben-Menachem G, Pozsgay V, Robbins JB, Schneerson R. Saccharide/protein conjugate vaccines for Bordetella species: preparation of saccharide, development of new conjugation procedures, and physico-chemical and immunological characterization of the conjugates. Vaccine 2008; 26:3587-93. [PMID: 18539367 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bordetellae are Gram-negative bacilli causing respiratory tract infections of mammals and birds. Clinically important are B. pertussis, B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica. B. pertussis vaccines have been successful in preventing pertussis in infants and children. Veterinary vaccines against B. bronchiseptica are available, but their efficacy and mode of action are not established. There is no vaccine against B. parapertussis. Based on the concept that immunity to non-capsulated Gram-negative bacteria may be conferred by serum IgG anti-LPS we studied chemical, serological and immunological properties of the O-specific polysaccharides (O-SP) of B. bronchiseptica and B. parapertussis obtained by different degradation procedures. One type of the B. parapertussis and two types of B. bronchiseptica O-SP were recognized based on the structure of their non-reducing end saccharide; no cross-reaction between the two B. bronchiseptica types was observed. Competitive inhibition assays showed the immunodominance of the non-reducing end of these O-SP. Conjugates of B. bronchiseptica and B. parapertussis O-SP were prepared by two methods: using the anhydro-Kdo residue exposed by mild acid hydrolysis of the LPS or the 2,5-anhydromannose residue exposed by deamination of the core glucosamine of the LPS, for binding to an aminooxylated protein. Both coupling methods were carried out at a neutral pH, room temperature, and in a short time. All conjugates, injected as saline solutions at a fraction of an estimated human dose, induced antibodies in mice to the homologous O-SP. These methodologies can be applied to prepare O-SP-based vaccines against other Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kubler-Kielb
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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