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Zhu Y, Zhang J, Zhang W, Mu W. Recent progress on health effects and biosynthesis of two key sialylated human milk oligosaccharides, 3'-sialyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 62:108058. [PMID: 36372185 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the third major solid component in breast milk, are recognized as the first prebiotics for health benefits in infants. Sialylated HMOs are an important type of HMOs, accounting for approximately 13% of total HMOs. 3'-Sialyllactose (3'-SL) and 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL) are two simplest sialylated HMOs. Both SLs display promising prebiotic effects, especially in promoting the proliferation of bifidobacteria and shaping the gut microbiota. SLs exhibit several health effects, including antiadhesive antimicrobial ability, antiviral activity, prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis, immunomodulatory activity, regulation of intestinal epithelial cell response, promotion of brain development, and cognition improvement. Both SLs have been approved as "Generally Recognized as Safe" by the American Food and Drug Administration and are commercially added to infant formula. The biosynthesis of SLs using enzymatic or microbial approaches has been widely studied. The enzymatic synthesis of SLs can be realized by two types of enzymes, sialidases with trans-sialidase activity and sialyltransferases. Microbial synthesis can be achieved by the multiple recombinant bacteria in one-pot reaction, which express the enzymes involved in SL synthesis pathways separately or in combination, or by metabolically engineered strains in a fermentation process. In this article, the physiological properties of 3'-SL and 6'-SL are summarized in detail and the biosynthesis of these SLs via enzymatic and microbial synthesis is comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jiameng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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2
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Dudek B, Rybka J, Bugla-Płoskońska G, Korzeniowska-Kowal A, Futoma-Kołoch B, Pawlak A, Gamian A. Biological functions of sialic acid as a component of bacterial endotoxin. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1028796. [PMID: 36338080 PMCID: PMC9631793 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1028796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin, LPS) is an important Gram-negative bacteria antigen. LPS of some bacteria contains sialic acid (Neu5Ac) as a component of O-antigen (O-Ag), in this review we present an overview of bacteria in which the presence of Neu5Ac has been confirmed in their outer envelope and the possible ways that bacteria can acquire Neu5Ac. We explain the role of Neu5Ac in bacterial pathogenesis, and also involvement of Neu5Ac in bacterial evading the host innate immunity response and molecular mimicry phenomenon. We also highlight the role of sialic acid in the mechanism of bacterial resistance to action of serum complement. Despite a number of studies on involvement of Neu5Ac in bacterial pathogenesis many aspects of this phenomenon are still not understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Dudek
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
- *Correspondence: Bartłomiej Dudek,
| | - Jacek Rybka
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Korzeniowska-Kowal
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | | - Andrzej Gamian
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- Andrzej Gamian,
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3
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Matos R, Sousa HS, Nogueiro J, Magalhães A, Reis CA, Carneiro F, Amorim I, Haesebrouck F, Gärtner F. Helicobacter species binding to the human gastric mucosa. Helicobacter 2022; 27:e12867. [PMID: 34967491 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infects half of the world population, being associated with several gastric disorders, such as chronic gastritis and gastric carcinoma. The Helicobacter genus also includes other gastric helicobacters, such as H. heilmannii¸ H. ailurogastricus, H. suis, H. felis, H. bizzozeronii, and H. salomonis. These gastric helicobacters colonize both the human and animal stomach. The prevalence of gastric non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) species in humans has been described as low, and the in vitro binding to the human gastric mucosa was never assessed. Herein, human gastric tissue sections were used for the evaluation of the tissue glycophenotype and for the binding of gastric NHPH strains belonging to different species. Histopathological evaluation showed that 37.5% of the patients enrolled in our cohort presented chronic gastritis, while the presence of neutrophil or eosinophilic activity (chronic active gastritis) was observed in 62.5% of the patients. The secretor phenotype was observed in 68.8% of the individuals, based on the expression of Lewis B antigen and binding of the UleX lectin. The in vitro binding assay showed that all the NHPH strains evaluated were able to bind, albeit in low frequency, to the human gastric mucosa. The H. heilmannii, H. bizzozeronii, and H. salomonis strains displayed the highest binding ability both to the gastric superficial epithelium and to the deep glands. Interestingly, we observed binding of NHPH to the gastric mucosa of individuals with severe chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia, suggesting that NHPH binding may not be restricted to the healthy gastric mucosa or slight chronic gastritis. Furthermore, the in vitro binding of NHPH strains was observed both in secretor and non-secretor individuals in a similar frequency. In conclusion, this study is the first report of the in vitro binding ability of gastric NHPH species to the human gastric mucosa. The results suggest that other glycans, besides the Lewis antigens, could be involved in the bacterial adhesion mechanism; however, the molecular intervenients remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Matos
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Santos Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Nogueiro
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Carneiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Irina Amorim
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Fátima Gärtner
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
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4
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Matos R, Amorim I, Magalhães A, Haesebrouck F, Gärtner F, Reis CA. Adhesion of Helicobacter Species to the Human Gastric Mucosa: A Deep Look Into Glycans Role. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:656439. [PMID: 34026832 PMCID: PMC8138122 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.656439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter species infections may be associated with the development of gastric disorders, such as gastritis, peptic ulcers, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and gastric carcinoma. Binding of these bacteria to the gastric mucosa occurs through the recognition of specific glycan receptors expressed by the host epithelial cells. This review addresses the state of the art knowledge on these host glycan structures and the bacterial adhesins involved in Helicobacter spp. adhesion to gastric mucosa colonization. Glycans are expressed on every cell surface and they are crucial for several biological processes, including protein folding, cell signaling and recognition, and host-pathogen interactions. Helicobacter pylori is the most predominant gastric Helicobacter species in humans. The adhesion of this bacterium to glycan epitopes present on the gastric epithelial surface is a crucial step for a successful colonization. Major adhesins essential for colonization and infection are the blood-group antigen-binding adhesin (BabA) which mediates the interaction with fucosylated H-type 1 and Lewis B glycans, and the sialic acid-binding adhesin (SabA) which recognizes the sialyl-Lewis A and X glycan antigens. Since not every H. pylori strain expresses functional BabA or SabA adhesins, other bacterial proteins are most probably also involved in this adhesion process, including LabA (LacdiNAc-binding adhesin), which binds to the LacdiNAc motif on MUC5AC mucin. Besides H. pylori, several other gastric non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters (NHPH), mainly associated with pigs (H. suis) and pets (H. felis, H. bizzozeronii, H. salomonis, and H. heilmannii), may also colonize the human stomach and cause gastric disease, including gastritis, peptic ulcers and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. These NHPH lack homologous to the major known adhesins involved in colonization of the human stomach. In humans, NHPH infection rate is much lower than in the natural hosts. Differences in the glycosylation profile between gastric human and animal mucins acting as glycan receptors for NHPH-associated adhesins, may be involved. The identification and characterization of the key molecules involved in the adhesion of gastric Helicobacter species to the gastric mucosa is important to understand the colonization and infection strategies displayed by different members of this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Matos
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Irina Amorim
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fátima Gärtner
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A. Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
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5
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McDonald ND, Boyd EF. Structural and Biosynthetic Diversity of Nonulosonic Acids (NulOs) That Decorate Surface Structures in Bacteria. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:142-157. [PMID: 32950378 PMCID: PMC7855311 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonulosonic acids (NulOs) are a diverse family of 9-carbon α-keto acid sugars that are involved in a wide range of functions across all branches of life. The family of NulOs includes the sialic acids as well as the prokaryote-specific NulOs. Select bacteria biosynthesize the sialic acid N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), and the ability to produce this sugar and its subsequent incorporation into cell-surface structures is implicated in a variety of bacteria-host interactions. Furthermore, scavenging of sialic acid from the environment for energy has been characterized across a diverse group of bacteria, mainly human commensals and pathogens. In addition to sialic acid, bacteria have the ability to biosynthesize prokaryote-specific NulOs, of which there are several known isomers characterized. These prokaryotic NulOs are similar in structure to Neu5Ac but little is known regarding their role in bacterial physiology. Here, we discuss the diversity in structure, the biosynthesis pathways, and the functions of bacteria-specific NulOs. These carbohydrates are phylogenetically widespread among bacteria, with numerous structurally unique modifications recognized. Despite the diversity in structure, the NulOs are involved in similar functions such as motility, biofilm formation, host colonization, and immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D McDonald
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - E Fidelma Boyd
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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6
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Bacterial sialyltransferases and their use in biocatalytic cascades for sialo-oligosaccharide production. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 44:107613. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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Janesch B, Saxena H, Sim L, Wakarchuk WW. Comparison of α2,6-sialyltransferases for sialylation of therapeutic proteins. Glycobiology 2019; 29:735-747. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe development of therapeutic proteins for the treatment of numerous diseases is one of the fastest growing areas of biotechnology. Therapeutic efficacy and serum half-life are particularly important, and these properties rely heavily on the glycosylation state of the protein. Expression systems to produce authentically fully glycosylated therapeutic proteins with appropriate terminal sialic acids are not yet perfected. The in vitro modification of therapeutic proteins by recombinant sialyltransferases offers a promising and elegant strategy to overcome this problem. Thus, the detailed expression and characterization of sialyltransferases for completion of the glycan chains is of great interest to the community. We identified a novel α2,6-sialyltransferase from Helicobacter cetorum and compared it to the human ST6Gal1 and a Photobacterium sp. sialyltransferase using glycoprotein substrates in a 96-well microtiter-plate-based assay. We demonstrated that the recombinant α2,6-sialyltransferase from H. cetorum is an excellent catalyst for modification of N-linked glycans of different therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Janesch
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hirak Saxena
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Lyann Sim
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Michael Smith Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada
| | - Warren W Wakarchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
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8
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McDonald ND, DeMeester KE, Lewis AL, Grimes CL, Boyd EF. Structural and functional characterization of a modified legionaminic acid involved in glycosylation of a bacterial lipopolysaccharide. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19113-19126. [PMID: 30315110 PMCID: PMC6295735 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonulosonic acids (NulOs) are a diverse family of α-keto acid carbohydrates present across all branches of life. Bacteria biosynthesize NulOs among which are several related prokaryotic-specific isomers and one of which, N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid), is common among all vertebrates. Bacteria display various NulO carbohydrates on lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the identities of these molecules tune host-pathogen recognition mechanisms. The opportunistic bacterial pathogen Vibrio vulnificus possesses the genes for NulO biosynthesis; however, the structures and functions of the V. vulnificus NulO glycan are unknown. Using genetic and chemical approaches, we show here that the major NulO produced by a clinical V. vulnificus strain CMCP6 is 5-N-acetyl-7-N-acetyl-d-alanyl-legionaminic acid (Leg5Ac7AcAla). The CMCP6 strain could catabolize modified legionaminic acid, whereas V. vulnificus strain YJ016 produced but did not catabolize a NulO without the N-acetyl-d-alanyl modification. In silico analysis suggested that Leg5Ac7AcAla biosynthesis follows a noncanonical pathway but appears to be present in several bacterial species. Leg5Ac7AcAla contributed to bacterial outer-membrane integrity, as mutant strains unable to produce or incorporate Leg5Ac7AcAla into the LPS have increased membrane permeability, sensitivity to bile salts and antimicrobial peptides, and defects in biofilm formation. Using the crustacean model, Artemia franciscana, we demonstrate that Leg5Ac7AcAla-deficient bacteria have decreased virulence potential compared with WT. Our data indicate that different V. vulnificus strains produce multiple NulOs and that the modified legionaminic acid Leg5Ac7AcAla plays a critical role in the physiology, survivability, and pathogenicity of V. vulnificus CMCP6.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen E DeMeester
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 and
| | - Amanda L Lewis
- the Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Catherine Leimkuhler Grimes
- From the Departments of Biological Sciences and
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 and
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9
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Namburi RB, Berteau O, Spillmann D, Rossi M. Chondroitinase AC: A host-associated genetic feature of Helicobacter bizzozeronii. Vet Microbiol 2016; 186:21-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Kondadi PK, Revez J, Hänninen ML, Rossi M. Sialylation of Helicobacter bizzozeronii lipopolysaccharides modulates Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 mediated response. Vet Res 2015; 46:4. [PMID: 25603825 PMCID: PMC4299687 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-014-0133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of mucosal pathogens is known to be an important virulence factor. Few strains of Helicobacter pylori express sialyl-Lewis-X and we have reported that human and canine Helicobacter bizzozeronii strains express sialyl-lactoseamine in their LPS. However, the role of sialyation of Helicobacter LPS in the interaction with the host cells is still unknown. In this study H. bizzozeronii LPS is shown to activate the TLR2 in a dose and strain dependent manner in the in vitro HEK-293 cells model expressing TLR2, but not the cells expressing TLR4. These results indicate that TLR2 is the specific receptor for H. bizzozzeronii LPS, as previously described for H. pylori. To further explore the role of sialylation of H. bizzozeronii LPS on TLR2 response, H. bizzozeronii Δhbs2 mutant strains deficient in sialyltransferase activity were constructed by homologous recombination. LPS from H. bizzozeronii Δhbs2 strains enhanced the NF-ĸB induction via TLR2 compared to the respective wild types, leading to the conclusion that the sialylation of H. bizzozeronii LPS in wild-type strains may modulate host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mirko Rossi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
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11
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Skarp-de Haan CPA, Culebro A, Schott T, Revez J, Schweda EKH, Hänninen ML, Rossi M. Comparative genomics of unintrogressed Campylobacter coli clades 2 and 3. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:129. [PMID: 24524824 PMCID: PMC3928612 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli share a multitude of risk factors associated with human gastrointestinal disease, yet their phylogeny differs significantly. C. jejuni is scattered into several lineages, with no apparent linkage, whereas C. coli clusters into three distinct phylogenetic groups (clades) of which clade 1 has shown extensive genome-wide introgression with C. jejuni, yet the other two clades (2 and 3) have less than 2% of C. jejuni ancestry. We characterized a C. coli strain (76339) with four novel multilocus sequence type alleles (ST-5088) and having the capability to express gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT); an accessory feature in C. jejuni. Our aim was to further characterize unintrogressed C. coli clades 2 and 3, using comparative genomics and with additional genome sequences available, to investigate the impact of horizontal gene transfer in shaping the accessory and core gene pools in unintrogressed C. coli. RESULTS Here, we present the first fully closed C. coli clade 3 genome (76339). The phylogenomic analysis of strain 76339, revealed that it belonged to clade 3 of unintrogressed C. coli. A more extensive respiratory metabolism among unintrogressed C. coli strains was found compared to introgressed C. coli (clade 1). We also identified other genes, such as serine proteases and an active sialyltransferase in the lipooligosaccharide locus, not present in C. coli clade 1 and we further propose a unique scenario for the evolution of Campylobacter ggt. CONCLUSIONS We propose new insights into the evolution of the accessory genome of C. coli clade 3 and C. jejuni. Also, in silico analysis of the gene content revealed that C. coli clades 2 and 3 have genes associated with infection, suggesting they are a potent human pathogen, and may currently be underreported in human infections due to niche separation.
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Schmölzer K, Ribitsch D, Czabany T, Luley-Goedl C, Kokot D, Lyskowski A, Zitzenbacher S, Schwab H, Nidetzky B. Characterization of a multifunctional α2,3-sialyltransferase from Pasteurella dagmatis. Glycobiology 2013; 23:1293-304. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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13
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Kondadi PK, Pacini C, Revez J, Hänninen ML, Rossi M. Contingency nature of Helicobacter bizzozeronii oxygen-insensitive NAD(P)H-nitroreductase (HBZC1_00960) and its role in metronidazole resistance. Vet Res 2013; 44:56. [PMID: 23865636 PMCID: PMC3734016 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic analysis of a metronidazole resistant H. bizzozeronii strain revealed a frame length extension of the oxygen-insensitive NAD(P)H-nitroreductase HBZC1_00960 (RdxA), associated with the disruption of the C-terminal cysteine-containing conserved region (IACLXALGK). This was the result of the extension (from C8 to C9) of a simple sequence cytosine repeat (SSCR) located in the 3' of the gene. A 3' SSCR is also present in the rdxA homolog of H. heilmannii sensu stricto, but not in H. pylori. We showed that in the majority of in vitro spontaneous H. bizzozeronii metronidazole resistant mutants, the extension of the 3' SSCR of rdxA was the only mutation observed. In addition, we observed that H. bizzozeronii ΔrdxA mutant strain showed the same MIC value of metronidazole observed in the spontaneous mutants. These data indicate that loss of function mutations in rdxA and in particular the disruption of the conserved region IACLXALGK is associated with reduced susceptibility to metronidazole in H. bizzozeronii. Slipped-strand mispairing of the SSCR located in the 3' of the H. bizzozeronii rdxA appears to be the main mechanism. We also observed that H. bizzozeronii acquires resistance to metronidazole at high mutation rate, and that serial passages in vitro without selection induced an increased level of susceptibility. In conclusion, contrary to what was previously described in H. pylori, the H. bizzozeronii rdxA appears to be a contingency gene which undergoes phase variation. The contingency nature of rdxA should be carefully considered when metronidazole is used in the treatment of H. heilmannii-associated gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Kondadi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Claudia Pacini
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joana Revez
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Hänninen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mirko Rossi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Abstract
Significant advances have been made over the last 12 months in the understanding of the biology of non-H. pylori Helicobacter species (NHPH). Several studies have investigated the association between NHPH and human disease, including Crohn's disease, lithiasis, liver disease, coronary disease, gastritis, and pyoderma gangrenosum-like ulcers. Novel Helicobacter taxa were identified in new vertebrate hosts, and new methodologies in the fields of identification of Helicobacter spp. and evaluation of antibiotic resistance were described. The genome of the first human-derived gastric NHPH strain (Helicobacter bizzozeronii CIII-1) was sequenced, and several studies elucidated functions of different genes in NHPH. A number of important investigations regarding pathogenesis and immunopathobiology of NHPH infections have been published including the description of a new urease in Helicobacter mustelae. Finally, the effects of the gut microbiota and probiotics on NHPH infections were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Rossi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Schur MJ, Lameignere E, Strynadka NCJ, Wakarchuk WW. Characterization of α2,3- and α2,6-sialyltransferases from Helicobacter acinonychis. Glycobiology 2012; 22:997-1006. [PMID: 22504533 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome sequence data were used to clone and express two sialyltransferase enzymes of the GT-42 family from Helicobacter acinonychis ATCC 51104, a gastric disease isolate from Cheetahs. The deposited genome sequence for these genes contains a large number of tandem repeat sequences in each of them: HAC1267 (RQKELE)(15) and HAC1268 (EEKLLEFKNI)(13). We obtained two clones with different numbers of repeat sequences for the HAC1267 gene homolog and a single clone for the HAC1268 gene homolog. Both genes could be expressed in Escherichia coli and sialyltransferase activity was measured using synthetic acceptor substrates containing a variety of terminal sugars. Both enzymes were shown to have a preference for N-acetyllactosamine, and they each made a product with a different linkage to the terminal galactose. HAC1267 is a mono-functional α2,3-sialyltransferase, whereas HAC1268 is a mono-functional α2,6-sialyltransferase and is the first member of GT-42 to show α2,6-sialyltransferase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Schur
- National Research Council Canada, Institute for Biological Sciences, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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