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Tanabe T, Mitome H, Miyamoto K, Akira K, Tsujibo H, Tomoo K, Nagaoka K, Funahashi T. Analysis of the vibrioferrin biosynthetic pathway of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Biometals 2024; 37:507-517. [PMID: 38133869 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Siderophores are small-molecule iron chelators produced by many microorganisms that capture and uptake iron from the natural environment and host. Their biosynthesis in microorganisms is generally performed using non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) or NRPS-independent siderophore (NIS) enzymes. Vibrio parahaemolyticus secretes its cognate siderophore vibrioferrin under iron-starvation conditions. Vibrioferrin is a dehydrated condensate composed of α-ketoglutarate, L-alanine, aminoethanol, and citrate, and pvsA (the gene encoding the ATP-grasp enzyme), pvsB (the gene encoding the NIS enzyme), pvsD (the gene encoding the NIS enzyme), and pvsE (the gene encoding decarboxylase) are engaged in its biosynthesis. Here, we elucidated the biosynthetic pathway of vibrioferrin through in vitro enzymatic reactions using recombinant PvsA, PvsB, PvsD, and PvsE proteins. We also found that PvsD condenses L-serine and citrate to generate O-citrylserine, and that PvsE decarboxylates O-citrylserine to form O-citrylaminoethanol. In addition, we showed that O-citrylaminoethanol is converted to alanyl-O-citrylaminoethanol by amidification with L-Ala by PvsA and that alanyl-O-citrylaminoethanol is then converted to vibrioferrin by amidification with α-ketoglutarate by PvsB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Tanabe
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8578, Japan.
| | - Hidemichi Mitome
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8578, Japan
| | - Katsushiro Miyamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Kazuki Akira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsujibo
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Koji Tomoo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8578, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Funahashi
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8578, Japan
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Zhang Y, Zhang T, Qiu Y, Zhang M, Lu X, Yang W, Hu L, Zhou D, Gao B, Lu R. Transcriptomic Profiles of Vibrio parahaemolyticus During Biofilm Formation. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:371. [PMID: 37838636 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the leading cause of bacterial seafood-associated gastroenteritis, can form biofilms. In this work, the gene expression profiles of V. parahaemolyticus during biofilm formation were investigated by transcriptome sequencing. A total of 183, 503, and 729 genes were significantly differentially expressed in the bacterial cells at 12, 24 and 48 h, respectively, compared with that at 6 h. Of these, 92 genes were consistently activated or repressed from 6 to 48 h. The genes involved in polar flagellum, chemotaxis, mannose-sensitive haemagglutinin type IV pili, capsular polysaccharide, type III secretion system 1 (T3SS1), T3SS2, thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH), type VI secretion system 1 (T6SS1) and T6SS2 were downregulated, whereas those involved in V. parahaemolyticus pathogenicity island (Vp-PAI) (except for T3SS2 and TDH) and membrane fusion proteins were upregulated. Three extracellular protease genes (vppC, prtA and VPA1071) and a dozen of outer membrane protein encoding genes were also significantly differentially expressed during biofilm formation. In addition, five putative c-di-GMP metabolism-associated genes were significantly differentially expressed, which may account for the drop in c-di-GMP levels after the beginning of biofilm formation. Moreover, many putative regulatory genes were significantly differentially expressed, and more than 1000 putative small non-coding RNAs were detected, suggesting that biofilm formation was tightly regulated by complex regulatory networks. The data provided a global view of gene expression profiles during biofilm formation, showing that the significantly differentially expressed genes were involved in multiple cellular pathways, including virulence, biofilm formation, metabolism, and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiquan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Renfei Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China.
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Ruddell B, Hassall A, Moss WN, Sahin O, Plummer PJ, Zhang Q, Kreuder AJ. Direct interaction of small non-coding RNAs CjNC140 and CjNC110 optimizes expression of key pathogenic phenotypes of Campylobacter jejuni. mBio 2023; 14:e0083323. [PMID: 37409826 PMCID: PMC10470494 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00833-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) are important players in modulating gene expression in bacterial pathogens, but their functions are largely undetermined in Campylobacter jejuni, an important cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in humans. In this study, we elucidated the functions of sRNA CjNC140 and its interaction with CjNC110, a previously characterized sRNA involved in the regulation of several virulence phenotypes of C. jejuni. Inactivation of CjNC140 increased motility, autoagglutination, L-methionine concentration, autoinducer-2 production, hydrogen peroxide resistance, and early chicken colonization, indicating a primarily inhibitory role of CjNC140 for these phenotypes. Apart from motility, all these effects directly contrasted the previously demonstrated positive regulation by CjNC110, suggesting that CjNC110 and CjNC140 operate in an opposite manner to modulate physiologic processes in C. jejuni. RNAseq and northern blotting further demonstrated that expression of CjNC140 increased in the absence of CjNC110, while expression of CjNC110 decreased in the absence of CjNC140, suggesting a possibility of their direct interaction. Indeed, electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated a direct binding between the two sRNAs via GA- (CjNC110) and CU- (CjNC140) rich stem-loops. Additionally, RNAseq and follow-up experiments identified that CjNC140 positively regulates p19, which encodes a key iron uptake transporter in Campylobacter. Furthermore, computational analysis revealed both CjNC140 and CjNC110 are highly conserved in C. jejuni, and the predicted secondary structures support CjNC140 as a functional homolog of the iron regulatory sRNA, RyhB. These findings establish CjNC140 and CjNC110 as a key checks-and- balances mechanism in maintaining homeostasis of gene expression and optimizing phenotypes critical for C. jejuni pathobiology. IMPORTANCE Gene regulation is critical to all aspects of pathogenesis of bacterial disease, and small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) represent a new frontier in gene regulation of bacteria. In Campylobacter jejuni, the role of sRNAs remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the role of two highly conserved sRNAs, CjNC110 and CjNC140, and demonstrate that CjNC140 displays a primarily inhibitory role in contrast to a primarily activating role for CjNC110 for several key virulence-associated phenotypes. Our results also revealed that the sRNA regulatory pathway is intertwined with the iron uptake system, another virulence mechanism critical for in vivo colonization. These findings open a new direction for understanding C. jejuni pathobiology and identify potential targets for intervention for this major foodborne pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Ruddell
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- National Institute of Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Education (NIAMRRE), Iowa State University Research Park, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Alan Hassall
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Walter N. Moss
- The Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Orhan Sahin
- National Institute of Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Education (NIAMRRE), Iowa State University Research Park, Ames, Iowa, USA
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Paul J. Plummer
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- National Institute of Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Education (NIAMRRE), Iowa State University Research Park, Ames, Iowa, USA
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Qijing Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- National Institute of Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Education (NIAMRRE), Iowa State University Research Park, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Amanda J. Kreuder
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- National Institute of Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Education (NIAMRRE), Iowa State University Research Park, Ames, Iowa, USA
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Hfq modulates global protein pattern and stress response in Bordetella pertussis. J Proteomics 2020; 211:103559. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Plaza N, Pérez-Reytor D, Ramírez-Araya S, Pavón A, Corsini G, Loyola DE, Jaña V, Pavéz L, Navarrete P, Bastías R, Castillo D, García K. Conservation of Small Regulatory RNAs in Vibrio parahaemolyticus: Possible role of RNA-OUT Encoded by the Pathogenicity Island (VPaI-7) of Pandemic Strains. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112827. [PMID: 31185635 PMCID: PMC6601013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are molecules that play an important role in the regulation of gene expression. sRNAs in bacteria can affect important processes, such as metabolism and virulence. Previous studies showed a significant role of sRNAs in the Vibrio species, but knowledge about Vibrio parahaemolyticus is limited. Here, we examined the conservation of sRNAs between V. parahaemolyticus and other human Vibrio species, in addition to investigating the conservation between V. parahaemolyticus strains differing in pandemic origin. Our results showed that only 7% of sRNAs were conserved between V. parahaemolyticus and other species, but 88% of sRNAs were highly conserved within species. Nonetheless, two sRNAs coding to RNA-OUT, a component of the Tn10/IS10 system, were exclusively present in pandemic strains. Subsequent analysis showed that both RNA-OUT were located in pathogenicity island-7 and would interact with transposase VPA1379, according to the model of pairing of IS10-encoded antisense RNAs. According to the location of RNA-OUT/VPA1379, we also investigated if they were expressed during infection. We observed that the transcriptional level of VPA1379 was significantly increased, while RNA-OUT was decreased at three hours post-infection. We suggest that IS10 transcription increases in pandemic strains during infection, probably to favor IS10 transposition and improve their fitness when they are facing adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Plaza
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Diliana Pérez-Reytor
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Sebastián Ramírez-Araya
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
- Departamento Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Alequis Pavón
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Gino Corsini
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - David E Loyola
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Víctor Jaña
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de las Américas, Sede Providencia, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Leonardo Pavéz
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Paola Navarrete
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, Millenium nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Roberto Bastías
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
| | - Daniel Castillo
- Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000, 1353 Helsingør, Denmark.
| | - Katherine García
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
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Li L, Meng H, Gu D, Li Y, Jia M. Molecular mechanisms of Vibrio parahaemolyticus pathogenesis. Microbiol Res 2019; 222:43-51. [PMID: 30928029 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative halophilic bacterium that is mainly distributed in the seafood such as fish, shrimps and shellfish throughout the world. V. parahaemolyticus can cause diseases in marine aquaculture, leading to huge economic losses to the aquaculture industry. More importantly, it is also the leading cause of seafood-borne diarrheal disease in humans worldwide. With the development of animal model, next-generation sequencing as well as biochemical and cell biological technologies, deeper understanding of the virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms of V. parahaemolyticus has been gained. As a globally transmitted pathogen, the pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus is closely related to a variety of virulence factors. This article comprehensively reviewed the molecular mechanisms of eight types of virulence factors: hemolysin, type III secretion system, type VI secretion system, adhesion factor, iron uptake system, lipopolysaccharide, protease and outer membrane proteins. This review comprehensively summarized our current understanding of the virulence factors in V. parahaemolyticus, which are potentially new targets for the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hongmei Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Dan Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Mengdie Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
While iron is essential to sustain growth, its excess can be detrimental to the cell by generating highly toxic reactive oxygen species. Regulation of iron homeostasis thus plays a vital role in almost all living organisms. During the last 15 years, the small RNA (sRNA) RyhB has been shown to be a key actor of iron homeostasis regulation in bacteria. Through multiple molecular mechanisms, RyhB represses expendable iron-utilizing proteins, promotes siderophore production, and coordinates Fe-S cluster cofactor biogenesis, thereby establishing a so-called iron-sparing response. In this review, we will summarize knowledge on how sRNAs control iron homeostasis mainly through studies on RyhB in
Escherichia coli
. The parallel roles and modes of action of other sRNAs in different bacteria will also be described. Finally, we will discuss what questions remain to be answered concerning this important stress response regulation by sRNAs.
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8
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Pérez-Reytor D, Plaza N, Espejo RT, Navarrete P, Bastías R, Garcia K. Role of Non-coding Regulatory RNA in the Virulence of Human Pathogenic Vibrios. Front Microbiol 2017; 7:2160. [PMID: 28123382 PMCID: PMC5225090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the identification of small non-coding RNAs in bacteria has revealed an important regulatory mechanism of gene expression involved in the response to environmental signals and to the control of virulence. In the family Vibrionaceae, which includes several human and animal pathogens, small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) are closely related to important processes including metabolism, quorum sensing, virulence, and fitness. Studies conducted in silico and experiments using microarrays and high-throughput RNA sequencing have led to the discovery of an unexpected number of sRNAs in Vibrios. The present review discusses the most relevant reports regarding the mechanisms of action of sRNAs and their implications in the virulence of the main human pathogens in the family Vibrionaceae: Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. cholerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diliana Pérez-Reytor
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile San Miguel, Chile
| | - Nicolás Plaza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de ChileSan Miguel, Chile; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Romilio T Espejo
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Navarrete
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Bastías
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Katherine Garcia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile San Miguel, Chile
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Tanabe T. Regulation of the Expression of Iron-acquisition System Genes in Pathogenic Vibrio Species. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2016; 136:1525-1532. [PMID: 27803484 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The genus Vibrio includes >70 species, of which roughly a dozen cause vibriosis such as gastroenteritis, wound infections, and septicemia. Most bacteria, including Vibrio species, require iron for survival and growth. However, the bioavailability of iron is extremely low because it is usually present as an insoluble ferric complex in an aerobic environment or is bound to iron-binding proteins in mammalian hosts. Therefore many bacteria have developed iron acquisition systems, including biosynthesis and secretion of low-molecular-mass iron-chelating compounds called siderophores, and uptake of iron-bound siderophores into bacterial cells through specific active transport systems. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a major pathogenic Vibrio species, contains multiple iron-acquisition systems mediated by its own siderophore vibrioferrin and several xenosiderophores produced by other microorganisms. In this review, I have focused on the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of genes encoding iron acquisition systems in V. parahaemolyticus. All genes involved in its iron acquisition systems are repressed by Fur, which acts as a ferrous-dependent transcriptional repressor. Furthermore, the stability of polycistronic mRNA involved in vibrioferrin biosynthesis is positively regulated by a small RNA, RyhB, which is repressed by Fur. Expression of PeuA receptor required for utilization of a xenosiderophore, enterobactin, occurs under iron-limiting conditions at alkaline pH. PeuA expression is induced by a two-component regulatory system, PeuRS, which enhances expression of an alternative peuA transcript without an intrinsic translation-inhibitory structure in response to changes in alkaline pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Tanabe
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
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10
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Ferreira D, Seca AML, C G A D, Silva AMS. Targeting human pathogenic bacteria by siderophores: A proteomics review. J Proteomics 2016; 145:153-166. [PMID: 27109355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human bacterial infections are still a major public health problem throughout the world. Therefore it is fundamental to understand how pathogenic bacteria interact with their human host and to develop more advanced drugs or vaccines in response to the increasing bacterial resistance. Since iron is essential to bacterial survival and growth inside the host tissues, these microorganisms have developed highly efficient iron-acquisition systems; the most common one involves the secretion of iron chelators into the extracellular environment, known as siderophores, and the corresponding siderophore-membrane receptors or transporters responsible for the iron uptake. In the past few decades, several biochemical methods and genetic screens have been employed to track down and identify these iron-scavenging molecules. However, compared with the previous "static" approaches, proteomic identification is revealing far more molecules through full protein mapping and becoming more rapid and selective, leading the scientific and medical community to consider standardizing proteomic tools for clinical biomarker detection of bacterial infectious diseases. In this review, we focus on human pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria and discuss the importance of siderophores in their virulence and the available proteomic strategies to identify siderophore-related proteins and their expression level under different growth conditions. The promising use of siderophore antibiotics to overcome bacterial resistance and the future of proteomics in the routine clinical care are also mentioned. SIGNIFICANCE Proteomic strategies to identify siderophore-related proteins and their expression level can be helpful to control and/or find a cure of infectious deseases especially if related with multidrug resistance. Siderophores are low-molecular-weight compounds produced by bacteria which can become clinical biomarkers and/or antibiotics used mainly in "Trojan horse" type strategies. Due to the above mention we think that the promising use of siderophore to overcome bacterial resistance and the future of proteomics in the routine clinical care is a hot topic that should be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry & Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs (QOPNA), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M L Seca
- Department of Chemistry & Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs (QOPNA), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Technologic Sciences and Development, University of Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
| | - Diana C G A
- Department of Chemistry & Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs (QOPNA), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- Department of Chemistry & Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs (QOPNA), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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11
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Payne SM, Mey AR, Wyckoff EE. Vibrio Iron Transport: Evolutionary Adaptation to Life in Multiple Environments. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:69-90. [PMID: 26658001 PMCID: PMC4711184 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00046-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for Vibrio spp., but the acquisition of iron is complicated by its tendency to form insoluble ferric complexes in nature and its association with high-affinity iron-binding proteins in the host. Vibrios occupy a variety of different niches, and each of these niches presents particular challenges for acquiring sufficient iron. Vibrio species have evolved a wide array of iron transport systems that allow the bacteria to compete for this essential element in each of its habitats. These systems include the secretion and uptake of high-affinity iron-binding compounds (siderophores) as well as transport systems for iron bound to host complexes. Transporters for ferric and ferrous iron not complexed to siderophores are also common to Vibrio species. Some of the genes encoding these systems show evidence of horizontal transmission, and the ability to acquire and incorporate additional iron transport systems may have allowed Vibrio species to more rapidly adapt to new environmental niches. While too little iron prevents growth of the bacteria, too much can be lethal. The appropriate balance is maintained in vibrios through complex regulatory networks involving transcriptional repressors and activators and small RNAs (sRNAs) that act posttranscriptionally. Examination of the number and variety of iron transport systems found in Vibrio spp. offers insights into how this group of bacteria has adapted to such a wide range of habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley M Payne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Alexandra R Mey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Wyckoff
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Tanabe T, Miyamoto K, Tsujibo H, Yamamoto S, Funahashi T. The small RNA Spot 42 regulates the expression of the type III secretion system 1 (T3SS1) chaperone protein VP1682 in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 362:fnv173. [PMID: 26394644 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been related to the type III secretion system 1 effector protein VP1680, which is secreted and translocated into host cells with the help of the specific chaperone protein, VP1682. This study sought to confirm the in silico analysis, which predicted that a small regulatory RNA (Spot 42) could base pair with the region encompassing the ribosomal-binding site and initiation codon of the vp1682 mRNA. Electrophoresis mobility shift assays indicated that Spot 42 could bind to the vp1682 mRNA with the help of Hfq. Consistent with these results, the translation of the vp1682 mRNA was inhibited when both Hfq and Spot 42 were added to the in vitro translation reaction. The cytotoxic activity against infected Caco-2 cells was significantly increased in the Spot 42 deletion mutant (Δspf) at 4 h after infection as compared with the parental strain. Additionally, we observed that both VP1682 and VP1680 were more highly expressed in Δspf mutants than in the parental strain. These results indicate that Spot 42 post-transcriptionally regulates the expression of VP1682 in V. parahaemolyticus, which contributes to cytotoxicity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Tanabe
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Katsushiro Miyamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsujibo
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeo Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Funahashi
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
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Interplay between iron homeostasis and virulence: Fur and RyhB as major regulators of bacterial pathogenicity. Vet Microbiol 2015; 179:2-14. [PMID: 25888312 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In bacteria-host interactions, competition for iron is critical for the outcome of the infection. As a result of its redox properties, this metal is essential for the growth and proliferation of most living organisms, including pathogenic bacteria. This metal is also potentially toxic, making the precise maintenance of iron homeostasis necessary for survival. Iron acquisition and storage control is mediated in most bacteria by the global ferric uptake regulator (Fur) and iron-responsive small regulatory non-coding RNAs (RyhB in the model organism Escherichia coli). While the role of these regulators in iron homeostasis is well documented in both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria, many recent studies also demonstrate that these regulators are involved in the virulence of pathogenic bacteria. By sensing iron availability in the environment, Fur and RyhB are able to regulate, either directly or indirectly via other transcriptional regulators or modulation of intracellular iron concentration, many virulence determinants of pathogenic bacteria. Iron is thus both a nutritional and regulatory element, allowing bacteria to adapt to various host environments by adjusting expression of virulence factors. In this review, we present evidences that Fur and RyhB are the major regulators of this adaptation, as they are involved in diverse functions ranging from iron homeostasis to regulation of virulence by mediating key pathogen responses such as invasion of eukaryotic cells, toxin production, motility, quorum sensing, stress resistance or biofilm formation. Therefore, Fur and RyhB play a major role in regulating an adaptative response during bacterial infections, making them important targets in the fight against pathogenic bacteria.
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Becker KW, Skaar EP. Metal limitation and toxicity at the interface between host and pathogen. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2014; 38:1235-49. [PMID: 25211180 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metals are required cofactors for numerous fundamental processes that are essential to both pathogen and host. They are coordinated in enzymes responsible for DNA replication and transcription, relief from oxidative stress, and cellular respiration. However, excess transition metals can be toxic due to their ability to cause spontaneous, redox cycling and disrupt normal metabolic processes. Vertebrates have evolved intricate mechanisms to limit the availability of some crucial metals while concurrently flooding sites of infection with antimicrobial concentrations of other metals. To compete for limited metal within the host while simultaneously preventing metal toxicity, pathogens have developed a series of metal regulatory, acquisition, and efflux systems. This review will cover the mechanisms by which pathogenic bacteria recognize and respond to host-induced metal scarcity and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W Becker
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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Livny J, Zhou X, Mandlik A, Hubbard T, Davis BM, Waldor MK. Comparative RNA-Seq based dissection of the regulatory networks and environmental stimuli underlying Vibrio parahaemolyticus gene expression during infection. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:12212-23. [PMID: 25262354 PMCID: PMC4231756 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading worldwide cause of seafood-associated gastroenteritis, yet little is known regarding its intraintestinal gene expression or physiology. To date, in vivo analyses have focused on identification and characterization of virulence factors—e.g. a crucial Type III secretion system (T3SS2)—rather than genome-wide analyses of in vivo biology. Here, we used RNA-Seq to profile V. parahaemolyticus gene expression in infected infant rabbits, which mimic human infection. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from rabbit intestines and from several laboratory conditions enabled identification of mRNAs and sRNAs induced during infection and of regulatory factors that likely control them. More than 12% of annotated V. parahaemolyticus genes are differentially expressed in the intestine, including the genes of T3SS2, which are likely induced by bile-mediated activation of the transcription factor VtrB. Our analyses also suggest that V. parahaemolyticus has access to glucose or other preferred carbon sources in vivo, but that iron is inconsistently available. The V. parahaemolyticus transcriptional response to in vivo growth is far more widespread than and largely distinct from that of V. cholerae, likely due to the distinct ways in which these diarrheal pathogens interact with and modulate the environment in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Livny
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and HHMI, 181 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and HHMI, 181 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anjali Mandlik
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and HHMI, 181 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Troy Hubbard
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and HHMI, 181 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brigid M Davis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and HHMI, 181 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew K Waldor
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and HHMI, 181 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, USA
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The small RNA RyhB contributes to siderophore production and virulence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 2014; 82:5056-68. [PMID: 25245805 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02287-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In Escherichia coli, the small regulatory noncoding RNA (sRNA) RyhB and the global ferric uptake regulator (Fur) mediate iron acquisition and storage control. Iron is both essential and potentially toxic for most living organisms, making the precise maintenance of iron homeostasis necessary for survival. While the roles of these regulators in iron homeostasis have been well studied in a nonpathogenic E. coli strain, their impact on the production of virulence-associated factors is still unknown for a pathogenic E. coli strain. We thus investigated the roles of RyhB and Fur in iron homeostasis and virulence of the uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strain CFT073. In a murine model of urinary tract infection (UTI), deletion of fur alone did not attenuate virulence, whereas a ΔryhB mutant and a Δfur ΔryhB double mutant showed significantly reduced bladder colonization. The Δfur mutant was more sensitive to oxidative stress and produced more of the siderophores enterobactin, salmochelins, and aerobactin than the wild-type strain. In contrast, while RyhB was not implicated in oxidative stress resistance, the ΔryhB mutant produced lower levels of siderophores. This decrease was correlated with the downregulation of shiA (encoding a transporter of shikimate, a precursor of enterobactin and salmochelin biosynthesis) and iucD (involved in aerobactin biosynthesis) in this mutant grown in minimal medium or in human urine. iucD was also downregulated in bladders infected with the ΔryhB mutant compared to those infected with the wild-type strain. Our results thus demonstrate that the sRNA RyhB is involved in production of iron acquisition systems and colonization of the urinary tract by pathogenic E. coli.
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Nguyen AN, Jacq A. Small RNAs in the Vibrionaceae: an ocean still to be explored. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2014; 5:381-92. [PMID: 24458378 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In bacteria, the discovery of noncoding small RNAs (sRNAs) as modulators of gene expression in response to environmental signals has brought new insights into bacterial gene regulation, including control of pathogenicity. The Vibrionaceae constitute a family of marine bacteria of which many are responsible for infections affecting not only humans, such as Vibrio cholerae but also fish and marine invertebrates, representing the major cause of mortality in farmed marine species. They are able to colonize many habitats, existing as planktonic forms, in biofilms or associated with various hosts. This high adaptability is linked to their capacity to generate genetic diversity, in part through lateral gene transfer, but also by varying gene expression control. In the recent years, several major studies have illustrated the importance of small regulatory sRNAs in the Vibrionaceae for the control of pathogenicity and adaptation to environment and nutrient sources such as chitin, especially in V. cholerae and Vibrio harveyi. The existence of a complex regulatory network controlled by quorum sensing has been demonstrated in which sRNAs play central roles. This review covers major advances made in the discovery and elucidation of functions of Vibrionaceae sRNAs within the last 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Ngoc Nguyen
- Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, UMR 8621 CNRS-Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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