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Chen JP, Zhou L, Gong JS, Wang NK, Miao FF, Su C, Gao XL, Xu GQ, Shi JS, Xu ZH. Semiautomated design and soluble expression of a chimeric antigen TbpAB01 from Glaesserella parasuis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:2163-2174. [PMID: 38595326 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacterial membrane proteins (MPs) are a class of vaccine and antibiotic development targets with widespread clinical application. However, the inherent hydrophobicity of MPs poses a challenge to fold correctly in living cells. Herein, we present a comprehensive method to improve the soluble form of MP antigen by rationally designing multi-epitope chimeric antigen (ChA) and screening two classes of protein-assisting folding element. The study uses a homologous protein antigen as a functional scaffold to generate a ChA possessing four epitopes from transferrin-binding protein A of Glaesserella parasuis. Our engineered strain, which co-expresses P17 tagged-ChA and endogenous chaperones groEL-ES, yields a 0.346 g/L highly soluble ChA with the property of HPS-positive serum reaction. Moreover, the protein titer of ChA reaches 4.27 g/L with >90% soluble proportion in 5-L bioreactor, which is the highest titer reported so far. The results highlight a timely approach to design and improve the soluble expression of MP antigen in industrially viable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Jiangsu Nannong High-Tech Co., Ltd., Jiangyin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Song Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan-Kai Wang
- Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen-Fang Miao
- Jiangsu Nannong High-Tech Co., Ltd., Jiangyin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Le Gao
- Jiangsu Nannong High-Tech Co., Ltd., Jiangyin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Qiang Xu
- Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Zhang F, Liu J, Jiang L, Zheng Y, Yu L, Du L. Production of the siderophore lysochelin in rich media through maltose-promoted high-density growth of Lysobacter sp. 3655. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1433983. [PMID: 38989020 PMCID: PMC11233812 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1433983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Siderophores are produced by bacteria in iron-restricted conditions. However, we found maltose could induce the biosynthesis of the siderophore lysochelin in Lysobacter sp. 3655 in rich media that are not compatible with siderophore production. Maltose markedly promoted cell growth, with over 300% increase in cell density (OD600) when LB medium was added with maltose (LBM). While lysochelin was not detectable when OD600 in LBM was below 5.0, the siderophore was clearly produced when OD600 reached 7.5 and dramatically increased when OD600 was 15.0. Coincidently, the transcription of lysochelin biosynthesis genes was remarkably enhanced following the increase of OD600. Conversely, the iron concentration in the cell culture dropped to 1.2 μM when OD600 reached 15.0, which was 6-fold lower than that in the starting medium. Moreover, mutants of the maltose-utilizing genes (orf2677 and orf2678) or quorum-sensing related gene orf644 significantly lowered the lysochelin yield. Transcriptomics analysis showed that the iron-utilizing/up-taking genes were up-regulated under high cell density. Accordingly, the transcription of lysochelin biosynthetic genes and the yield of lysochelin were stimulated when the iron-utilizing/up-taking genes were deleted. Finally, lysochelin biosynthesis was positively regulated by a TetR regulator (ORF3043). The lysochelin yield in orf3043 mutant decreased to 50% of that in the wild type and then restored in the complementary strain. Together, this study revealed a previously unrecognized mechanism for lysochelin biosynthetic regulation, by which the siderophore could still be massively produced in Lysobacter even grown in a rich culture medium. This finding could find new applications in large-scale production of siderophores in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yongbiao Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lingjun Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liangcheng Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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Barber MF, Fitzgerald JR. Mechanisms of host adaptation by bacterial pathogens. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuae019. [PMID: 39003250 PMCID: PMC11308195 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of new infectious diseases poses a major threat to humans, animals, and broader ecosystems. Defining factors that govern the ability of pathogens to adapt to new host species is therefore a crucial research imperative. Pathogenic bacteria are of particular concern, given dwindling treatment options amid the continued expansion of antimicrobial resistance. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in the understanding of bacterial host species adaptation, with an emphasis on pathogens of humans and related mammals. We focus particularly on molecular mechanisms underlying key steps of bacterial host adaptation including colonization, nutrient acquisition, and immune evasion, as well as suggest key areas for future investigation. By developing a greater understanding of the mechanisms of host adaptation in pathogenic bacteria, we may uncover new strategies to target these microbes for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases in humans, animals, and the broader environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F Barber
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
| | - J Ross Fitzgerald
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
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Cao D, Subhadra B, Lee YJ, Thoresen M, Cornejo S, Olivier A, Woolums A, Inzana TJ. Contribution of Hfq to gene regulation and virulence in Histophilus somni. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0003824. [PMID: 38391206 PMCID: PMC10929436 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00038-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Histophilus somni is one of the predominant bacterial pathogens responsible for bovine respiratory and systemic diseases in cattle. Despite the identification of numerous H. somni virulence factors, little is known about the regulation of such factors. The post-transcriptional regulatory protein Hfq may play a crucial role in regulation of components that affect bacterial virulence. The contribution of Hfq to H. somni phenotype and virulence was investigated following creation of an hfq deletion mutant of H. somni strain 2336 (designated H. somni 2336Δhfq). A comparative analysis of the mutant to the wild-type strain was carried out by examining protein and carbohydrate phenotype, RNA sequence, intracellular survival in bovine monocytes, serum susceptibility, and virulence studies in mouse and calf models. H. somni 2336Δhfq exhibited a truncated lipooligosaccharide (LOS) structure, with loss of sialylation. The mutant demonstrated increased susceptibility to intracellular and serum-mediated killing compared to the wild-type strain. Transcriptomic analysis displayed significant differential expression of 832 upregulated genes and 809 downregulated genes in H. somni 2336Δhfq compared to H. somni strain 2336, including significant downregulation of lsgB and licA, which contribute to LOS oligosaccharide synthesis and sialylation. A substantial number of differentially expressed genes were associated with polysaccharide synthesis and other proteins that could influence virulence. The H. somni 2336Δhfq mutant strain was attenuated in a mouse septicemia model and somewhat attenuated in a calf intrabronchial challenge model. H. somni was recovered less frequently from nasopharyngeal swabs, endotracheal aspirates, and lung tissues of calves challenged with H. somni 2336Δhfq compared to the wild-type strain, and the percentage of abnormal lung tissue in calves challenged with H. somni 2336Δhfq was lower than in calves challenged with the wild-type strain. In conclusion, our results support that Hfq accounts for the regulation of H. somni virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianjun Cao
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, New York, USA
| | - Bindu Subhadra
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, New York, USA
| | - Yue-Jia Lee
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, New York, USA
| | - Merrilee Thoresen
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Santiago Cornejo
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Alicia Olivier
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Amelia Woolums
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Thomas J. Inzana
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, New York, USA
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Soto Perezchica MM, Guerrero Barrera AL, Avelar Gonzalez FJ, Quezada Tristan T, Macias Marin O. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, surface proteins and virulence: a review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1276712. [PMID: 38098987 PMCID: PMC10720984 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1276712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) is a globally distributed Gram-negative bacterium that produces porcine pleuropneumonia. This highly contagious disease produces high morbidity and mortality in the swine industry. However, no effective vaccine exists to prevent it. The infection caused by App provokes characteristic lesions, such as edema, inflammation, hemorrhage, and necrosis, that involve different virulence factors. The colonization and invasion of host surfaces involved structures and proteins such as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), pili, flagella, adhesins, outer membrane proteins (OMPs), also participates proteases, autotransporters, and lipoproteins. The recent findings on surface structures and proteins described in this review highlight them as potential immunogens for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- María M. Soto Perezchica
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Alma L. Guerrero Barrera
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Francisco J. Avelar Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Estudios Ambientales, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Teodulo Quezada Tristan
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinaria, Centro de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Osvaldo Macias Marin
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
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Wu Z, Shao J, Zheng J, Liu B, Li Z, Shen N. A zero-sum game or an interactive frame? Iron competition between bacteria and humans in infection war. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:1917-1926. [PMID: 35830263 PMCID: PMC9746790 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Iron is an essential trace element for both humans and bacteria. It plays a vital role in life, such as in redox reactions and electron transport. Strict regulatory mechanisms are necessary to maintain iron homeostasis because both excess and insufficient iron are harmful to life. Competition for iron is a war between humans and bacteria. To grow, reproduce, colonize, and successfully cause infection, pathogens have evolved various mechanisms for iron uptake from humans, principally Fe 3+ -siderophore and Fe 2+ -heme transport systems. Humans have many innate immune mechanisms that regulate the distribution of iron and inhibit bacterial iron uptake to help resist bacterial invasion and colonization. Meanwhile, researchers have invented detection test strips and coupled antibiotics with siderophores to create tools that take advantage of this battle for iron, to help eliminate pathogens. In this review, we summarize bacterial and human iron metabolism, competition for iron between humans and bacteria, siderophore sensors, antibiotics coupled with siderophores, and related phenomena. We also discuss how competition for iron can be used for diagnosis and treatment of infection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchao Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiqi Shao
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiajia Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ning Shen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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Cole GB, Bateman TJ, Moraes TF. The surface lipoproteins of gram-negative bacteria: Protectors and foragers in harsh environments. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100147. [PMID: 33277359 PMCID: PMC7857515 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.008745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative pathogens are enveloped by an outer membrane that serves as a double-edged sword: On the one hand, it provides a layer of protection for the bacterium from environmental insults, including other bacteria and the host immune system. On the other hand, it restricts movement of vital nutrients into the cell and provides a plethora of antigens that can be detected by host immune systems. One strategy used to overcome these limitations is the decoration of the outer surface of gram-negative bacteria with proteins tethered to the outer membrane through a lipid anchor. These surface lipoproteins (SLPs) fulfill critical roles in immune evasion and nutrient acquisition, but as more bacterial genomes are sequenced, we are beginning to discover their prevalence and their different roles and mechanisms and importantly how we can exploit them as antimicrobial targets. This review will focus on representative SLPs that gram-negative bacteria use to overcome host innate immunity, specifically the areas of nutritional immunity and complement system evasion. We elaborate on the structures of some notable SLPs required for binding target molecules in hosts and how this information can be used alongside bioinformatics to understand mechanisms of binding and in the discovery of new SLPs. This information provides a foundation for the development of therapeutics and the design of vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory B Cole
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas J Bateman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor F Moraes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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