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Choi SY, Chung IY, Bae HW, Cho YH. Autolysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum-Sensing Mutant Is Suppressed by Staphylococcus aureus through Iron-Dependent Metabolism. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:795-803. [PMID: 38303126 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2312.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms usually coexist as a multifaceted polymicrobial community in the natural habitats and at mucosal sites of the human body. Two opportunistic human pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus commonly coexist in the bacterial infections for hospitalized and/or immunocompromised patients. Here, we observed that autolysis of the P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing (QS) mutant (lasRmvfR) was suppressed by the presence of the S. aureus cells in vitro. The QS mutant still displayed killing against S. aureus cells, suggesting the link between the S. aureus-killing activity and the autolysis suppression. Independent screens of the P. aeruginosa transposon mutants defective in the S. aureus-killing and the S. aureus transposon mutants devoid of the autolysis suppression revealed the genetic link between both phenotypes, suggesting that the iron-dependent metabolism involving S. aureus exoproteins might be central to both phenotypes. The autolysis was suppressed by iron treatment as well. These results suggest that the interaction between P. aeruginosa and S. aureus might be governed by mechanisms that necessitate the QS circuitry as well as the metabolism involving the extracellular iron resources during the polymicrobial infections in the human airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Yae Choi
- Program of Biopharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Young Chung
- Program of Biopharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Won Bae
- Program of Biopharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Hee Cho
- Program of Biopharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
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2
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Fischer AJ, Planet PJ. A birth cohort approach to understanding cystic fibrosis lung infections. J Cyst Fibros 2024; 23:8-11. [PMID: 37949746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Fischer
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 6314 PBDB, Iowa, IA 52242, United States.
| | - Paul J Planet
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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3
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Suppressing Alpha-Hemolysin as Potential Target to Screen of Flavonoids to Combat Bacterial Coinfection. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247577. [PMID: 34946657 PMCID: PMC8709385 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of bacterial coinfection caused by cytosolic bacteria has become a huge threat to public health worldwide. Past efforts have been devoted to discover the broad-spectrum antibiotics, while the emergence of antibiotic resistance encourages the development of antibacterial agents. In essence, bacterial virulence is a factor in antibiotic tolerance. However, the discovery and development of new antibacterial drugs and special antitoxin drugs is much more difficult in the antibiotic resistance era. Herein, we hypothesize that antitoxin hemolytic activity can serve as a screening principle to select antibacterial drugs to combat coinfection from natural products. Being the most abundant natural drug of plant origins, flavonoids were selected to assess the ability of antibacterial coinfections in this paper. Firstly, we note that four flavonoids, namely, baicalin, catechin, kaempferol, and quercetin, have previously exhibited antibacterial abilities. Then, we found that baicalin, kaempferol, and quercetin have better inhibitions of hemolytic activity of Hla than catechin. In addition, kaempferol and quercetin, have therapeutic effectivity for the coinfections of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in vivo. Finally, our results indicated that kaempferol and quercetin therapied the bacterial coinfection by inhibiting S. aureus α-hemolysin (Hla) and reduced the host inflammatory response. These results suggest that antitoxins may play a promising role as a potential target for screening flavonoids to combat bacterial coinfection.
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Tahmasebi H, Dehbashi S, Arabestani MR. Antibiotic resistance alters through iron-regulating Sigma factors during the interaction of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18509. [PMID: 34531485 PMCID: PMC8445946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is a limiting factor in such a condition that usually is sequestered by the host during polymicrobial infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. This study aimed to investigate the interaction of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, which alters iron-related sigma factors regulation and antibiotic resistance. The antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was investigated in a L929 cell culture model. The expression level of pvdS, hasI (P. aeruginosa sigma factors), and sigS (S. aureus sigma factor) genes was determined using Quantitative Real-Time PCR. pvdS and hasI were downregulated during co-culture with S. aureus, while the susceptibility to carbapenems increased (p-value < 0.0001). Also, there was a direct significant relationship between resistance to vancomycin with sigS. Regarding the findings of the current study, iron-related sigma factors of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus play a role in induction susceptibility to various antibiotics, including carbapenems and vancomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Tahmasebi
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dehbashi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Arabestani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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O'Brien TJ, Hassan MM, Harrison F, Welch M. An in vitro model for the cultivation of polymicrobial biofilms under continuous-flow conditions. F1000Res 2021; 10:801. [PMID: 34557293 PMCID: PMC8442117 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.55140.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The airways of people with cystic fibrosis (CF) are often chronically colonised with a diverse array of bacterial and fungal species. However, little is known about the relative partitioning of species between the planktonic and biofilm modes of growth in the airways. Existing in vivo and in vitro models of CF airway infection are ill-suited for the long-term recapitulation of mixed microbial communities. Here we describe a simple, in vitro continuous-flow model for the cultivation of polymicrobial biofilms and planktonic cultures on different substrata. Our data provide evidence for inter-species antagonism and synergism in biofilm ecology. We further show that the type of substratum on which the biofilms grow has a profound influence on their species composition. This happens without any major alteration in the composition of the surrounding steady-state planktonic community. Our experimentally-tractable model enables the systematic study of planktonic and biofilm communities under conditions that are nutritionally reminiscent of the CF airway microenvironment, something not possible using any existing in vivo models of CF airway infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Freya Harrison
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Martin Welch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
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6
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Fischer AJ, Singh SB, LaMarche MM, Maakestad LJ, Kienenberger ZE, Peña TA, Stoltz DA, Limoli DH. Sustained Coinfections with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cystic Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:328-338. [PMID: 32750253 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202004-1322oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa often infect the airways in cystic fibrosis (CF). Because registry studies show higher prevalence of P. aeruginosa versus S. aureus in older patients with CF, a common assumption is that P. aeruginosa replaces S. aureus over time. In vitro, P. aeruginosa can outgrow and kill S. aureus. However, it is unknown how rapidly P. aeruginosa replaces S. aureus in patients with CF.Methods: We studied a longitudinal cohort of children and adults with CF who had quantitative sputum cultures. We determined the abundance of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus in cfu/ml. We determined the duration and persistence of infections and measured longitudinal changes in culture positivity and abundance for each organism.Measurements and Main Results: Between 2004 and 2017, 134 patients had ≥10 quantitative cultures, with median observation time of 10.15 years. One hundred twenty-four patients had at least one positive culture for P. aeruginosa, and 123 had at least one positive culture for S. aureus. Both species had median abundance of >106 cfu/ml. Culture abundance was stable over time for both organisms. There was an increase in the prevalence of S. aureus/P. aeruginosa coinfection but no decrease in S. aureus prevalence within individuals over time.Conclusions: S. aureus and P. aeruginosa are abundant in CF sputum cultures. Contrary to common assumption, we found no pattern of replacement of S. aureus by P. aeruginosa. Many patients with CF have durable long-term coinfection with these organisms. New strategies are needed to prevent and treat these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tahuanty A Peña
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | | | - Dominique H Limoli
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
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7
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O’Brien TJ, Welch M. A Continuous-Flow Model for in vitro Cultivation of Mixed Microbial Populations Associated With Cystic Fibrosis Airway Infections. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2713. [PMID: 31824471 PMCID: PMC6883238 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The airways of people with cystic fibrosis (CF) provide a nutrient-rich environment which favours colonisation by a variety of bacteria and fungi. Although the dominant pathogen associated with CF airway infections is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it is becoming increasingly clear that inter-species interactions between P. aeruginosa and other colonists in the airways may have a large impact on microbial physiology and virulence. However, there are currently no suitable experimental models that permit long-term co-culture of P. aeruginosa with other CF-associated pathogens. Here, we redress this problem by describing a "3R's-compliant" continuous-flow in vitro culture model which enables long-term co-culture of three representative CF-associated microbes: P. aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Although these species rapidly out-compete one another when grown together or in pairs in batch culture, we show that in a continuously-fed setup, they can be maintained in a very stable, steady-state community. We use our system to show that even numerically (0.1%) minor species can have a major impact on intercellular signalling by P. aeruginosa. Importantly, we also show that co-culturing does not appear to influence species mutation rates, further reinforcing the notion that the system favours stability rather than divergence. The model is experimentally tractable and offers an inexpensive yet robust means of investigating inter-species interactions between CF pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Welch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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8
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Tognon M, Köhler T, Luscher A, van Delden C. Transcriptional profiling of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus during in vitro co-culture. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:30. [PMID: 30630428 PMCID: PMC6327441 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus is frequent in cystic fibrosis patients. Polymicrobial infections involve both detrimental and beneficial interactions between different bacterial species. Such interactions potentially indirectly impact the human host through virulence, antibiosis and immunomodulation. RESULTS Here we explored the responses triggered by the encounter of these two pathogens to identify early processes that are important for survival when facing a potential competitor. Transcriptional profiles of both bacteria were obtained after 3 h co-culture and compared to the respective mono-culture using RNAseq. Global responses in both bacteria included competition for nitrogen sources, amino acids and increased tRNA levels. Both organisms also induced lysogenic mechanisms related to prophage induction (S. aureus) and R- and F- pyocin synthesis (P. aeruginosa), possibly as a response to stress resulting from nutrient limitation or cell damage. Specific responses in S. aureus included increased expression of de novo and salvation pathways for purine and pyrimidine synthesis, a switch to glucose fermentation, and decreased expression of major virulence factors and global regulators. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, transcriptomic data indicate that early responses between P. aeruginosa and S. aureus involve competition for resources and metabolic adaptations, rather than the expression of bacteria- or host-directed virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaël Tognon
- Transplant Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1, rue Michel Servet, CH-1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Köhler
- Transplant Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1, rue Michel Servet, CH-1211, Genève 4, Switzerland.
| | - Alexandre Luscher
- Transplant Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1, rue Michel Servet, CH-1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Christian van Delden
- Transplant Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1, rue Michel Servet, CH-1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
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9
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Drosophila melanogaster as a polymicrobial infection model for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. J Microbiol 2018; 56:534-541. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-8331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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10
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Fourie R, Kuloyo OO, Mochochoko BM, Albertyn J, Pohl CH. Iron at the Centre of Candida albicans Interactions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:185. [PMID: 29922600 PMCID: PMC5996042 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an absolute requirement for both the host and most pathogens alike and is needed for normal cellular growth. The acquisition of iron by biological systems is regulated to circumvent toxicity of iron overload, as well as the growth deficits imposed by iron deficiency. In addition, hosts, such as humans, need to limit the availability of iron to pathogens. However, opportunistic pathogens such as Candida albicans are able to adapt to extremes of iron availability, such as the iron replete environment of the gastrointestinal tract and iron deficiency during systemic infection. C. albicans has developed a complex and effective regulatory circuit for iron acquisition and storage to circumvent iron limitation within the human host. As C. albicans can form complex interactions with both commensal and pathogenic co-inhabitants, it can be speculated that iron may play an important role in these interactions. In this review, we highlight host iron regulation as well as regulation of iron homeostasis in C. albicans. In addition, the review argues for the need for further research into the role of iron in polymicrobial interactions. Lastly, the role of iron in treatment of C. albicans infection is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruan Fourie
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Oluwasegun O Kuloyo
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Bonang M Mochochoko
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jacobus Albertyn
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Carolina H Pohl
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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11
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Alves PM, Al-Badi E, Withycombe C, Jones PM, Purdy KJ, Maddocks SE. Interaction between Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is beneficial for colonisation and pathogenicity in a mixed biofilm. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:4803945. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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12
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Strong incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on bacterial rrs and ITS genetic structures of cystic fibrosis sputa. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173022. [PMID: 28282386 PMCID: PMC5345789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) lungs harbor a complex community of interacting microbes, including pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Meta-taxogenomic analysis based on V5-V6 rrs PCR products of 52 P. aeruginosa-positive (Pp) and 52 P. aeruginosa-negative (Pn) pooled DNA extracts from CF sputa suggested positive associations between P. aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas and Prevotella, but negative ones with Haemophilus, Neisseria and Burkholderia. Internal Transcribed Spacer analyses (RISA) from individual DNA extracts identified three significant genetic structures within the CF cohorts, and indicated an impact of P. aeruginosa. RISA clusters Ip and IIIp contained CF sputa with a P. aeruginosa prevalence above 93%, and of 24.2% in cluster IIp. Clusters Ip and IIIp showed lower RISA genetic diversity and richness than IIp. Highly similar cluster IIp RISA profiles were obtained from two patients harboring isolates of a same P. aeruginosa clone, suggesting convergent evolution in the structure of their microbiota. CF patients of cluster IIp had received significantly less antibiotics than patients of clusters Ip and IIIp but harbored the most resistant P. aeruginosa strains. Patients of cluster IIIp were older than those of Ip. The effects of P. aeruginosa on the RISA structures could not be fully dissociated from the above two confounding factors but several trends in these datasets support the conclusion of a strong incidence of P. aeruginosa on the genetic structure of CF lung microbiota.
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13
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Azevedo AS, Almeida C, Melo LF, Azevedo NF. Impact of polymicrobial biofilms in catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Crit Rev Microbiol 2016; 43:423-439. [PMID: 28033847 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2016.1240656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports have demonstrated that most biofilms involved in catheter-associated urinary tract infections are polymicrobial communities, with pathogenic microorganisms (e.g. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae) and uncommon microorganisms (e.g. Delftia tsuruhatensis, Achromobacter xylosoxidans) frequently co-inhabiting the same urinary catheter. However, little is known about the interactions that occur between different microorganisms and how they impact biofilm formation and infection outcome. This lack of knowledge affects CAUTIs management as uncommon bacteria action can, for instance, influence the rate at which pathogens adhere and grow, as well as affect the overall biofilm resistance to antibiotics. Another relevant aspect is the understanding of factors that drive a single pathogenic bacterium to become prevalent in a polymicrobial community and subsequently cause infection. In this review, a general overview about the IMDs-associated biofilm infections is provided, with an emphasis on the pathophysiology and the microbiome composition of CAUTIs. Based on the available literature, it is clear that more research about the microbiome interaction, mechanisms of biofilm formation and of antimicrobial tolerance of the polymicrobial consortium are required to better understand and treat these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia S Azevedo
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, and Energy and Biotechnology Engineering (LEPABE), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, and Energy and Biotechnology Engineering (LEPABE), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Luís F Melo
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, and Energy and Biotechnology Engineering (LEPABE), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Nuno F Azevedo
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, and Energy and Biotechnology Engineering (LEPABE), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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14
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Cohen TS, Hilliard JJ, Jones-Nelson O, Keller AE, O'Day T, Tkaczyk C, DiGiandomenico A, Hamilton M, Pelletier M, Wang Q, Diep BA, Le VTM, Cheng L, Suzich J, Stover CK, Sellman BR. Staphylococcus aureus α toxin potentiates opportunistic bacterial lung infections. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:329ra31. [PMID: 26962155 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad9922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Broad-spectrum antibiotic use may adversely affect a patient's beneficial microbiome and fuel cross-species spread of drug resistance. Although alternative pathogen-specific approaches are rationally justified, a major concern for this precision medicine strategy is that co-colonizing or co-infecting opportunistic bacteria may still cause serious disease. In a mixed-pathogen lung infection model, we find that the Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor α toxin potentiates Gram-negative bacterial proliferation, systemic spread, and lethality by preventing acidification of bacteria-containing macrophage phagosomes, thereby reducing effective killing of both S. aureus and Gram-negative bacteria. Prophylaxis or early treatment with a single α toxin neutralizing monoclonal antibody prevented proliferation of co-infecting Gram-negative pathogens and lethality while also promoting S. aureus clearance. These studies suggest that some pathogen-specific, antibody-based approaches may also work to reduce infection risk in patients colonized or co-infected with S. aureus and disparate drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial opportunists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor S Cohen
- Department of Infectious Disease, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Jamese J Hilliard
- Department of Infectious Disease, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Omari Jones-Nelson
- Department of Infectious Disease, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Ashley E Keller
- Department of Infectious Disease, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Terrence O'Day
- Department of Translational Science, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Christine Tkaczyk
- Department of Infectious Disease, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | - Melissa Hamilton
- Department of Infectious Disease, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Mark Pelletier
- Department of Infectious Disease, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Binh An Diep
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA. Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Vien T M Le
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Lily Cheng
- Department of Translational Science, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - JoAnn Suzich
- Department of Infectious Disease, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - C Kendall Stover
- Department of Infectious Disease, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Bret R Sellman
- Department of Infectious Disease, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
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15
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Nguyen AT, Jones JW, Cámara M, Williams P, Kane MA, Oglesby-Sherrouse AG. Cystic Fibrosis Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Retain Iron-Regulated Antimicrobial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus through the Action of Multiple Alkylquinolones. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1171. [PMID: 27512392 PMCID: PMC4961689 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary disease that predisposes individuals to pulmonary dysfunction and chronic infections. Early infection of the CF lung with Staphylococcus aureus is common, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa becomes dominant as disease progresses. Emergence of P. aeruginosa likely depends on the action of multiple 2-alkyl-4-(1H)-quinolones (AQ) secreted by this organism. We recently showed that antimicrobial activity against S. aureus is enhanced by iron depletion and is dependent upon multiple AQ metabolites. Two of these AQs, the Pseudomonas quinolone signal [PQS; 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolone] and 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline (HHQ), are quorum sensing molecules that activate the expression of multiple microbicidal factors. Here we show for the first time that HHQ also exhibits innate antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. We further show that iron depletion potentiates the antistaphylococcal activity of HHQ, as well as 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide (HQNO), another AQ that functions as a cytochrome B inhibitor. Notably, we found that deletion of the genes for the terminal biosynthetic steps for either PQS or HQNO results in overproduction of the HHQ intermediate, likely maintaining the ability of these mutants to mediate antimicrobial activity. Compensatory increases in HHQ were also observed in PQS-deficient CF isolates, which also retained the ability to mediate iron-regulated antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. These studies demonstrate that iron-regulated antimicrobial activity of P. aeruginosa against S. aureus is due to the cumulative effects of multiple AQ metabolites, both the production and activity of which are modulated by environmental iron levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela T Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jace W Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Miguel Cámara
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul Williams
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Nottingham, UK
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amanda G Oglesby-Sherrouse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of MarylandBaltimore, MD, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of MarylandBaltimore, MD, USA
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Nguyen AT, Oglesby-Sherrouse AG. Interactions between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus during co-cultivations and polymicrobial infections. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6141-6148. [PMID: 27236810 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are versatile bacterial pathogens and common etiological agents in polymicrobial infections. Microbial communities containing both of these pathogens are shaped by interactions ranging from parasitic to mutualistic, with the net impact of these interactions in many cases resulting in enhanced virulence. Polymicrobial communities of these organisms are further defined by multiple aspects of the host environment, with important implications for disease progression and therapeutic outcomes. This mini-review highlights the impact of these interactions on the host and individual pathogens, the molecular mechanisms that underlie these interactions, and host-specific factors that drive interactions between these two important pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela T Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Amanda G Oglesby-Sherrouse
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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