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Kawakami M, Matsuoka S. Galactolipids from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> can replace the function of gluco lipids in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2022; 68:54-61. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manami Kawakami
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University
| | - Satoshi Matsuoka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University
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2
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Malik AD, Furtado IJ. Isolation of Halomicroarcula pellucida strain GUMF5, an archaeon from the Dead Sea-Israel possessing cellulase. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:26. [PMID: 35036274 PMCID: PMC8709806 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A strain designated GUMF5 was isolated in Goa-India from sediments of Dead Sea-Israel and identified as haloarchaeon Halomicroarcula pellucida based on 16S rRNA gene analysis similarity value of 99.84%. Strain GUMF5 grew on mineral salts medium with 20% NaCl and 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose-sodium (CMC-Na) as a sole source of carbon and produced haloextremozyme cellulase. The enzyme was concentrated using Sephadex G20, precipitated with ethanol, dialyzed and retentate purified using Sephadex G200, the size exclusion chromatography. A yield of 78.53% cellulase with an activity of 131.13 U/mg and 1.24-fold purity was obtained. The purified cellulase had optimum activity at 20% NaCl, at 40 ºC, 0.5% CMC-Na, pH 7 and 150 rpm. SDS-PAGE combined with zymographic analysis revealed the molecular weight of cellulase as 240 kDa, 40 kDa and 17.4 kDa. The activity of the enzyme was stimulated by metallic cations in the order of Ca+2 > Mn+2 > Mg+2 > SO4 2- > NH4 + and was inhibited by Ag+ > Fe+2 > Cu+2. Methanol and ethanol enhanced the cellulase activity by 6% and 26%, respectively. The haloextremozyme cellulase degraded Whatman No. 1 filter paper indicated in scanning electron micrographs, exposure of open pores and fibers without any intra connectivity corresponding to paperase activity and implicating the possible use of enzyme to bio-convert cellulosic waste. Conclusively, Halomicroarcula pellucida GUMF5 (Accession number: MH244431), globally, is the only Halomicroarcula pellucida isolated from the sediments of Dead Sea producing haloextremozyme cellulase, and hence is an important biotechnological resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha D. Malik
- Department of Microbiology, Goa University, Taleigao, Goa 403206 India
| | - Irene J. Furtado
- Department of Microbiology, Goa University, Taleigao, Goa 403206 India
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3
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Matsuoka S, Shimizu Y, Nobe K, Matsumoto K, Asai K, Hara H. Glucolipids and lipoteichoic acids affect the activity of SigI, an alternative sigma factor, and WalKR, an essential two-component system, in Bacillus subtilis. Genes Cells 2021; 27:77-92. [PMID: 34910349 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In a Bacillus subtilis ugtP mutant lacking glucolipids, SigI was activated in the log phase, and the activation of SigI in the mutant was suppressed by the expression of native ugtP. By contrast, SigI was inhibited in a yfnI mutant lacking one of the lipoteichoic acid (LTA) synthase genes, and the inhibition was suppressed by the expression of yfnI. A series of mutation analyses of the sigI promoter revealed that the two WalR binding sites were involved in the increase of PsigI -lacZ activity in the ugtP mutant and decrease of the lacZ activity in the yfnI mutant. Transcription from the SigI recognition sequence was enhanced in the ugtP mutant, whereas yfnI disruption inhibited the transcription from the SigA recognition sequence in the sigI promoter. We found that not only SigI but also WalKR, the essential two-component system, was activated in the ugtP mutant and inhibited in the yfnI mutant. The walK mutants with activated WalR exhibited abnormal morphology, but this phenotype was suppressed by the addition of MgSO4 . We conclude that glucolipids and LTA are key compounds in the maintenance of normal cell surface structure in B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Matsuoka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoko Shimizu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kaori Nobe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kouji Matsumoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kei Asai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
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4
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Tarraran L, Gandini C, Luganini A, Mazzoli R. Cell-surface binding domains from Clostridium cellulovorans can be used for surface display of cellulosomal scaffoldins in Lactococcus lactis. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2100064. [PMID: 34019730 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Engineering microbial strains combining efficient lignocellulose metabolization and high-value chemical production is a cutting-edge strategy towards cost-sustainable 2nd generation biorefining. Here, protein components of the Clostridium cellulovorans cellulosome were introduced in Lactococcus lactis IL1403, one of the most efficient lactic acid producers but unable to directly ferment cellulose. Cellulosomes are protein complexes with high cellulose depolymerization activity whose synergistic action is supported by scaffolding protein(s) (i.e., scaffoldins). Scaffoldins are involved in bringing enzymes close to each other and often anchor the cellulosome to the cell surface. In this study, three synthetic scaffoldins were engineered by using domains derived from the main scaffoldin CbpA and the Endoglucanase E (EngE) of the C. cellulovorans cellulosome. Special focus was on CbpA X2 and EngE S-layer homology (SLH) domains possibly involved in cell-surface anchoring. The recombinant scaffoldins were successfully introduced in and secreted by L. lactis. Among them, only that carrying the three EngE SLH modules was able to bind to the L. lactis surface although these domains lack the conserved TRAE motif thought to mediate binding with secondary cell wall polysaccharides. The synthetic scaffoldins engineered in this study could serve for assembly of secreted or surface-displayed designer cellulosomes in L. lactis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Tarraran
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Gandini
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Anna Luganini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Mazzoli
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Nakajima D, Shibata T, Tanaka R, Kuroda K, Ueda M, Miyake H. Characterization of the cellulosomal scaffolding protein CbpC from Clostridium cellulovorans 743B. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 124:376-380. [PMID: 28533157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium cellulovorans 743B, an anaerobic and mesophilic bacterium, produces an extracellular enzyme complex called the cellulosome on the cell surface. Recently, we have reported the whole genome sequence of C. cellulovorans, which revealed that a total of 4 cellulosomal scaffolding proteins: CbpA, HbpA, CbpB, and CbpC were encoded in the C. cellulovorans genome. In particular, cbpC encoded a 429-residue polypeptide that includes a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM), an S-layer homology module, and a cohesin. CbpC was also detected in the culture supernatant of C. cellulovorans. Genomic DNA coding for CbpC was subcloned into a pET-22b+ vector in order to express and produce the recombinant protein in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Measurement of CbpC adsorption to crystalline cellulose indicated a dissociation constant of 0.60 μM, which is a similar to that of CBM from CbpA. We also subcloned the region encoding xylanase B (XynB) with the dockerin from C. cellulovorans and analyzed the interaction between XynB and CbpC by GST pull-down assay. It was observed that GST-CbpC assembles with XynB to form a minimal cellulosome. The activity of XynB against rice straw tended to be increased in the presence of CbpC. These results showed a synergistic effect on rice straw as a representative cellulosic biomass through the formation of a minimal cellulosome containing XynB bound to CbpC. Thus, our findings provide a foundation for the development of cellulosic biomass saccharification using a minimal cellulosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Nakajima
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shibata
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Reiji Tanaka
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kouichi Kuroda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideo Miyake
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Life Science Research Center, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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6
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Matsuoka S, Seki T, Matsumoto K, Hara H. Suppression of abnormal morphology and extracytoplasmic function sigma activity in Bacillus subtilis ugtP mutant cells by expression of heterologous glucolipid synthases from Acholeplasma laidlawii. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:2325-2333. [PMID: 27684739 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1217147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Glucolipids in Bacillus subtilis are synthesized by UgtP processively transferring glucose from UDP-glucose to diacylglycerol. Here we conclude that the abnormal morphology of a ugtP mutant is caused by lack of glucolipids, since the same morphology arises after abolition of glucolipid production by disruption of pgcA and gtaB, which are involved in UDP-glucose synthesis. Conversely, expression of a monoglucosyldiacylglycerol (MGlcDG) produced by 1,2-diacylglycerol 3-glucosyltransferase from Acholeplasma laidlawii (alMGS) almost completely suppressed the ugtP disruptant phenotype. Activation of extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigmas (SigM, SigV, and SigX) in the ugtP mutant was decreased by alMGS expression, and was suppressed to low levels by MgSO4 addition. When alMGS and alDGS (A. laidlawii 1,2-diacylglycerol-3-glucose (1-2)-glucosyltransferase producing diglucosyldiacylglycerol (DGlcDG)) were simultaneously expressed, SigX activation was repressed to wild type level. These observations suggest that MGlcDG molecules are required for maintenance of B. subtilis cell shape and regulation of ECF sigmas, and DGlcDG regulates SigX activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Matsuoka
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Saitama University , Saitama , Japan
| | - Takahiro Seki
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Saitama University , Saitama , Japan
| | - Kouji Matsumoto
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Saitama University , Saitama , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hara
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Saitama University , Saitama , Japan
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7
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Esaka K, Aburaya S, Morisaka H, Kuroda K, Ueda M. Exoproteome analysis of Clostridium cellulovorans in natural soft-biomass degradation. AMB Express 2015; 5:2. [PMID: 25642399 PMCID: PMC4305082 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-014-0089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium cellulovorans is an anaerobic, cellulolytic bacterium, capable of effectively degrading various types of soft biomass. Its excellent capacity for degradation results from optimization of the composition of the protein complex (cellulosome) and production of non-cellulosomal proteins according to the type of substrates. In this study, we performed a quantitative proteome analysis to determine changes in the extracellular proteins produced by C. cellulovorans for degradation of several types of natural soft biomass. C. cellulovorans was cultured in media containing bagasse, corn germ, rice straw (natural soft biomass), or cellobiose (control). Using an isobaric tag method and a liquid chromatograph equipped with a long monolithic silica capillary column/mass spectrometer, we identified 372 proteins in the culture supernatant. Of these, we focused on 77 saccharification-related proteins of both cellulosomal and non-cellulosomal origins. Statistical analysis showed that 18 of the proteins were specifically produced during degradation of types of natural soft biomass. Interestingly, the protein Clocel_3197 was found and commonly involved in the degradation of every natural soft biomass studied. This protein may perform functions, in addition to its known metabolic functions, that contribute to effective degradation of natural soft biomass.
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Jeon SD, Kim SJ, Park SH, Choi GW, Han SO. Hydrolytic effects of scaffolding proteins CbpB and CbpC on crystalline cellulose mediated by the major cellulolytic complex from Clostridium cellulovorans. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 191:505-511. [PMID: 25748018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The role of the scaffolding proteins, cellulose binding protein B and C (CbpB and CbpC, respectively) were identified in cellulolytic complex (cellulosome) of Clostridium cellulovorans for efficient degradation of cellulose. Recombinant CbpB and CbpC directly anchored to the cell surface of C. cellulovorans. In addition, CbpB and CbpC showed increased hydrolytic activity on crystalline cellulose incubated with exoglucanase S (ExgS) and endoglucanase Z (EngZ) compared with the activity of free enzymes. Moreover, the results showed synergistic effects of crystalline cellulose hydrolytic activity (1.8- to 2.2-fold) when CbpB and CbpC complex with ExgS and EngZ are incubated with cellulolytic complex containing mini-CbpA. The results suggest C. cellulovorans critically uses CbpB and CbpC, which can directly anchor cells for the hydrolysis of cellulosic material with the major cellulosome complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Duck Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Wook Choi
- Changhae Advanced Institute of Technology, Changhae Ethanol Co., Ltd., Jeonju 561-203, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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Walia A, Mehta P, Chauhan A, Kulshrestha S, Shirkot CK. Purification and characterization of cellulase-free low molecular weight endo β-1,4 xylanase from an alkalophilic Cellulosimicrobium cellulans CKMX1 isolated from mushroom compost. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 30:2597-608. [PMID: 24908422 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alkalophilic Cellulosimicrobium cellulans CKMX1 isolated from mushroom compost is first report on actinomycetes that has the ability to produce thermostable cellulase-free xylanase, which is an important industrial enzyme used in the pulp and paper industry. Strain CKMX1 was characterized by metabolic fingerprinting, whole-cell fatty acids methyl ester analysis and 16Sr DNA and found to be C. cellulans CKMX1.The enzyme was purified by gel permeation and anion exchange chromatography and had a molecular mass of 29 kDa. Xylanase activity was optimum at pH 8.0 and 55 °C. The enzyme was somewhat thermostable, retaining 50 % of the original activity after incubation at 50 °C for 30 min. The xylanase had K m and V max values of 2.64 mg/ml and 2,000 µmol/min/mg protein in oat spelt xylan, respectively. All metal ions except HgCl2, CoCl2 as well as CdCl2 were well tolerated and did not adversely affect xylanase activity. The deduced internal amino acid sequence of C. cellulans CKMX1 xylanase by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry resembled the sequence of β-1,4-endoxylanase, which is a member of glycoside hydrolase family 11. Some of the novel characteristics that make this enzyme potentially effective in xylan biodegradation could be useful for pulp and paper biobleaching are discussed in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Walia
- Department of Basic Sciences (Microbiology Section), Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230, H.P., India,
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10
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Lambertz C, Garvey M, Klinger J, Heesel D, Klose H, Fischer R, Commandeur U. Challenges and advances in the heterologous expression of cellulolytic enzymes: a review. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:135. [PMID: 25356086 PMCID: PMC4212100 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-014-0135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Second generation biofuel development is increasingly reliant on the recombinant expression of cellulases. Designing or identifying successful expression systems is thus of preeminent importance to industrial progress in the field. Recombinant production of cellulases has been performed using a wide range of expression systems in bacteria, yeasts and plants. In a number of these systems, particularly when using bacteria and plants, significant challenges have been experienced in expressing full-length proteins or proteins at high yield. Further difficulties have been encountered in designing recombinant systems for surface-display of cellulases and for use in consolidated bioprocessing in bacteria and yeast. For establishing cellulase expression in plants, various strategies are utilized to overcome problems, such as the auto-hydrolysis of developing plant cell walls. In this review, we investigate the major challenges, as well as the major advances made to date in the recombinant expression of cellulases across the commonly used bacterial, plant and yeast systems. We review some of the critical aspects to be considered for industrial-scale cellulase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Lambertz
- />Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Megan Garvey
- />Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- />Present address: School of Medicine, Deakin University, CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Rd, Newcomb, VIC 3219 Australia
| | - Johannes Klinger
- />Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dirk Heesel
- />Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Klose
- />Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- />Present address: Institute for Botany and Molecular Genetics, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fischer
- />Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- />Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Commandeur
- />Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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11
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Zhang L, Fan Y, Zheng H, Du F, Zhang KQ, Huang X, Wang L, Zhang M, Niu Q. Isolation and characterization of a novel endoglucanase from a Bursaphelenchus xylophilus metagenomic library. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82437. [PMID: 24386096 PMCID: PMC3873927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel gene (designated as cen219) encoding endoglucanase was isolated from a Bursaphelenchus xylophilus metagenomic library by functional screening. Sequence analysis revealed that cen219 encoded a protein of 367 amino acids. SDS-PAGE analysis of purified endoglucanase suggested that Cen219 was a monomeric enzyme with a molecular mass of 40 kDa. The optimum temperature and pH for endoglucanase activity of Cen219 was separately 50°C and 6.0. It was stable from 30 to 50°C, and from pH 4.0 to 7.0. The activity was significantly enhanced by Mn2+ and dramatically reduced by detergent SDS and metals Fe3+, Cu2+ or Hg2+. The enzyme hydrolyzed a wide range of β-1, 3-, and β-1, 4-linked polysaccharides, with varying activities. Activities towards microcrystalline cellulose and filter paper were relatively high, while the highest activity was towards oat gum. The Km and Vmax of Cen219 towards CMC was 17.37 mg/ml and 333.33 U/mg, respectively. The findings have an insight into understanding the molecular basis of host–parasite interactions in B. xylophilus species. The properties also make Cen219 an interesting enzyme for biotechnological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Yongxin Fan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Haoying Zheng
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Fengguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Bio-fuel technology, Henan Tianguan Group Co. Ltd., Nanyang, China
| | - Ke-qin Zhang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Linfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Bio-fuel technology, Henan Tianguan Group Co. Ltd., Nanyang, China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Bio-fuel technology, Henan Tianguan Group Co. Ltd., Nanyang, China
| | - Qiuhong Niu
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
- * E-mail:
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12
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Bae J, Morisaka H, Kuroda K, Ueda M. Cellulosome complexes: natural biocatalysts as arming microcompartments of enzymes. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 23:370-8. [PMID: 23920499 DOI: 10.1159/000351358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose, a primary component of lignocellulosic biomass, is the most abundant carbohydrate polymer in nature. Only a limited number of microorganisms are known to degrade cellulose, which is highly recalcitrant due to its crystal structure. Anaerobic bacteria efficiently degrade cellulose by producing cellulosomes, which are complexes of cellulases bound to scaffoldins. The underlying mechanisms that are responsible for the assembly and efficiency of cellulosomes are not yet fully understood. The cohesin-dockerin specificity has been extensively studied to understand cellulosome assembly. Moreover, the recent progress in proteomics has enabled integral analyses of the growth-substrate-dependent variations in cellulosomal systems. Furthermore, the proximity and targeting effects of cellulosomal synergistic actions have been investigated using designed minicellulosomes. The recent findings about cellulosome assembly, strategies for optimal cellulosome production, and beneficial features of cellulosomes as an arming microcompartment on the microbial cell surface are summarized here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungu Bae
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Purification and characterization of an organic solvent-tolerant alkaline cellulase from a halophilic isolate of Thalassobacillus. Biotechnol Lett 2012; 34:1531-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-012-0938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Li X, Yu HY. Purification and characterization of an organic-solvent-tolerant cellulase from a halotolerant isolate, Bacillus sp. L1. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 39:1117-24. [PMID: 22438110 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A halotolerant isolate Bacillus sp. L1 producing extracellular cellulase was isolated from Yuncheng, China. Production of the enzyme started from mid-exponential phase of bacterial growth and reached a maximum level during the post-stationary phase. The cellulase was purified to homogeneity with molecular mass of 45 kDa. Substrate specificity test indicated that it was an endoglucanase for soluble cellulose. Optimal enzyme activity was found to be at 60 °C, pH 8.0, and 7.5 % NaCl. Furthermore, it was highly active and stable over broad ranges of temperature (30-80 °C), pH (7.0-9.0), and NaCl concentration (2.5-15 %), thus showing its excellent thermostable, alkali-stable, and halotolerant nature. The cellulase activity was greatly inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, indicating that it was a metalloenzyme. Significant inhibition by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and phenylarsine oxide revealed that serine and cysteine residues were essential for the enzyme catalysis. Moreover, the cellulase was highly active in the presence of surfactants, and it showed high stability in the presence of water-insoluble organic solvents with log P (ow)at least 0.88. Results from this study indicate that the purified cellulase from isolate L1 may have considerable potential for industrial application owing to its useful properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Life Science College, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, 044000, China.
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15
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Anderson TD, Robson SA, Jiang XW, Malmirchegini GR, Fierobe HP, Lazazzera BA, Clubb RT. Assembly of minicellulosomes on the surface of Bacillus subtilis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:4849-58. [PMID: 21622797 PMCID: PMC3147385 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02599-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To cost-efficiently produce biofuels, new methods are needed to convert lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars. One promising approach is to degrade biomass using cellulosomes, which are surface-displayed multicellulase-containing complexes present in cellulolytic Clostridium and Ruminococcus species. In this study we created cellulolytic strains of Bacillus subtilis that display one or more cellulase enzymes. Proteins containing the appropriate cell wall sorting signal are covalently anchored to the peptidoglycan by coexpressing them with the Bacillus anthracis sortase A (SrtA) transpeptidase. This approach was used to covalently attach the Cel8A endoglucanase from Clostridium thermocellum to the cell wall. In addition, a Cel8A-dockerin fusion protein was anchored on the surface of B. subtilis via noncovalent interactions with a cell wall-attached cohesin module. We also demonstrate that it is possible to assemble multienzyme complexes on the cell surface. A three-enzyme-containing minicellulosome was displayed on the cell surface; it consisted of a cell wall-attached scaffoldin protein noncovalently bound to three cellulase-dockerin fusion proteins that were produced in Escherichia coli. B. subtilis has a robust genetic system and is currently used in a wide range of industrial processes. Thus, grafting larger, more elaborate minicellulosomes onto the surface of B. subtilis may yield cellulolytic bacteria with increased potency that can be used to degrade biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Beth A. Lazazzera
- Molecular Biology Institute
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, California 90095-1570
| | - Robert T. Clubb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics
- Molecular Biology Institute
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16
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Matsuoka S, Chiba M, Tanimura Y, Hashimoto M, Hara H, Matsumoto K. Abnormal morphology of Bacillus subtilis ugtP mutant cells lacking glucolipids. Genes Genet Syst 2011; 86:295-304. [DOI: 10.1266/ggs.86.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Matsuoka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University
| | - Minako Chiba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University
| | - Yu Tanimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University
| | - Michihiro Hashimoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University
| | - Hiroshi Hara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University
| | - Kouji Matsumoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University
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17
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Purification and characterization of a novel halostable cellulase from Salinivibrio sp. strain NTU-05. Enzyme Microb Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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