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de Assis DCS, da Silva TML, Brito RF, da Silva LCG, Lima WG, Brito JCM. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in bovine meat and meat products over the last 15 years in Brazil: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Meat Sci 2020; 173:108394. [PMID: 33316706 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the rate of contamination in bovine meat and meat products with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in Brazil over the last fifteen years. Data were obtained from online databases in February 2020, and 25 papers were selected from 1036 articles identified in the literature search and 13 articles from gray literature, totaling 4286 samples analyzed. The overall rate of STEC was estimated to be 1% in Brazil. The highest rate (9%) was observed in Mato Grosso, followed by Rio Grande do Sul (1%), Goiás (1%), and São Paulo (1%). Regarding the sample type analyzed, hot carcasses had the highest rate (8%) of positive samples for STEC, followed by cold carcasses (2%) and beef samples (1%). As the available data were concentrated in the São Paulo state, the findings of this meta-analysis reveal the need for further studies in Brazil to allow better risk assessment and prevention of human STEC infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Cristina Sampaio de Assis
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Thaís Michelle Liziere da Silva
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rommel Furst Brito
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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2
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Cundon C, Carbonari CC, Zolezzi G, Rivas M, Bentancor A. Putative virulence factors and clonal relationship of O174 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from human, food and animal sources. Vet Microbiol 2018; 215:29-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Cha W, Fratamico PM, Ruth LE, Bowman AS, Nolting JM, Manning SD, Funk JA. Prevalence and characteristics of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in finishing pigs: Implications on public health. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 264:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Chagnot C, Venien A, Renier S, Caccia N, Talon R, Astruc T, Desvaux M. Colonisation of Meat by Escherichia coli O157:H7: Investigating Bacterial Tropism with Respect to the Different Types of Skeletal Muscles, Subtypes of Myofibres, and Postmortem Time. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1366. [PMID: 28790986 PMCID: PMC5524725 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) responsible for serious diseases, especially pediatric, and of great concern for the meat industry. Meat contamination by EHEC occurs at slaughtering, especially at dehiding stage, where bacteria can be transferred from hides to carcasses. The skeletal muscle tissues comprise four major types of myofibres, which differ in their contraction velocity and metabolism. Myofibres are surrounded by the extracellular matrix (ECM). Adhesion of E. coli O157:H7 to meat was investigated considering well-defined types of skeletal muscle and their constituent myofibres as well as postmortem changes in muscle, using fluorescence microscopy and immunohistochemical analyses. By analysing the adhesion of E. coli O157:H7 to model oxidative (soleus) and glycolytic [extensor digitorum longus (EDL)] skeletal muscles, it first appeared that differential adhesion occurred at the surface of these extreme skeletal muscle types. At a cellular level, bacterial adhesion appeared to occur essentially at the ECM. Considering the different constituent myofibres of types I, IIA, IIX and IIB, no significant differences were observed for adhering bacteria. However, bacterial adhesion to the ECM was significantly influenced by postmortem structural modifications of muscle tissues. By providing information on spatial localisation of E. coli O157:H7 on meat, this investigation clearly demonstrated their ability to adhere to skeletal muscle, especially at the ECM, which consequently resulted in their heterogeneous distribution in meat. As discussed, these new findings should help in reassessing and mitigating the risk of contamination of meat, the food chain and ultimately human infection by EHEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Chagnot
- UMR454 MEDiS, INRA, Université Clermont AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France
- INRA, UR370 Qualité des Produits AnimauxSaint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Annie Venien
- INRA, UR370 Qualité des Produits AnimauxSaint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Sandra Renier
- UMR454 MEDiS, INRA, Université Clermont AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nelly Caccia
- UMR454 MEDiS, INRA, Université Clermont AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Régine Talon
- UMR454 MEDiS, INRA, Université Clermont AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thierry Astruc
- INRA, UR370 Qualité des Produits AnimauxSaint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- UMR454 MEDiS, INRA, Université Clermont AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France
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5
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Isiko J, Khaitsa M, Bergholz T. Novel sequence types of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli
isolated from cattle. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 60:552-7. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Isiko
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences; North Dakota State University; Fargo ND USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity; Makerere University; Kampala Uganda
| | - M. Khaitsa
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences; North Dakota State University; Fargo ND USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; Mississippi State University; Starkville MS USA
| | - T.M. Bergholz
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences; North Dakota State University; Fargo ND USA
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Ju W, Rump L, Toro M, Shen J, Cao G, Zhao S, Meng J. Pathogenicity islands in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O26, O103, and O111 isolates from humans and animals. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:342-5. [PMID: 24694187 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are increasingly recognized as foodborne pathogens worldwide. Serogroups O26, O111, and O103 cause most known outbreaks related to non-O157 STEC. Pathogenicity islands (PAIs) play a major role in the evolution of STEC pathogenicity. To determine the distribution of PAIs often associated with highly virulent STECs (OI-122, OI-43/48, OI-57, and high pathogenicity islands) among STEC O26, O103, and O111, a collection of STEC O26 (n=45), O103 (n=29), and O111 (n=52) from humans and animals were included in this study. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with XbaI digestion was used to characterize the clonal relationship of the strains. In addition, a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay was used to determine eae subtypes. Additional virulence genes on PAIs were identified using specific PCR assays, including OI-122: pagC, sen, efa-1, efa-2, and nleB; OI-43/48: terC, ureC, iha, and aidA-1; OI-57: nleG2-3, nleG5-2, and nleG6-2; and HPI: fyuA and irp2. A PFGE dendrogram demonstrated that instead of clustering together with strains from the same O type (O111:H8), the O111:H11 (n=14) strains clustered together with strains of the same H type (O26:H11, n=45). In addition, O26:H11 and O111:H11 strains carried eae subtype β, whereas O111:H8 strains had eae γ2/θ. The O26:H11 and O111:H11 stains contained an incomplete OI-122 lacking pagC and a complete HPI. However, a complete OI-122 but no HPI was found in the O111:H8 strains. Additionally, aidA-1 of OI-43/48 and nleG6-2 of OI-57 were significantly associated with O26:H11 and O111:H11 strains but were almost missing in O111:H8 strains (p<0.001). This study demonstrated that H11 (O111:H11 and O26:H11) strains were closely related and may have come from the same ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Ju
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland
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Zhang W, Nadirk J, Kossow A, Bielaszewska M, Leopold SR, Witten A, Fruth A, Karch H, Ammon A, Mellmann A. Phylogeny and phenotypes of clinical and environmental Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli O174. Environ Microbiol 2013; 16:963-76. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlan Zhang
- Institute of Hygiene and the National Consulting Laboratory on Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome; University of Münster; 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Julia Nadirk
- Institute of Hygiene and the National Consulting Laboratory on Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome; University of Münster; 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Annelene Kossow
- Institute of Hygiene and the National Consulting Laboratory on Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome; University of Münster; 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Martina Bielaszewska
- Institute of Hygiene and the National Consulting Laboratory on Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome; University of Münster; 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Shana R. Leopold
- Institute of Hygiene and the National Consulting Laboratory on Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome; University of Münster; 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Anika Witten
- Leibniz Institute for Arteriosclerosis; University of Münster; 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Angelika Fruth
- National Reference Center for Salmonella and Other Bacterial Enteric Pathogens; Robert Koch Institute, Branch Wernigerode; 38855 Wernigerode Germany
| | - Helge Karch
- Institute of Hygiene and the National Consulting Laboratory on Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome; University of Münster; 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Andrea Ammon
- Institute of Hygiene and the National Consulting Laboratory on Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome; University of Münster; 48149 Münster Germany
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC); Stockholm Sweden
| | - Alexander Mellmann
- Institute of Hygiene and the National Consulting Laboratory on Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome; University of Münster; 48149 Münster Germany
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Steyert SR, Sahl JW, Fraser CM, Teel LD, Scheutz F, Rasko DA. Comparative genomics and stx phage characterization of LEE-negative Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2012; 2:133. [PMID: 23162798 PMCID: PMC3491183 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by Escherichia coli and Shigella species are among the leading causes of death due to diarrheal disease in the world. Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) that do not encode the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE-negative STEC) often possess Shiga toxin gene variants and have been isolated from humans and a variety of animal sources. In this study, we compare the genomes of nine LEE-negative STEC harboring various stx alleles with four complete reference LEE-positive STEC isolates. Compared to a representative collection of prototype E. coli and Shigella isolates representing each of the pathotypes, the whole genome phylogeny demonstrated that these isolates are diverse. Whole genome comparative analysis of the 13 genomes revealed that in addition to the absence of the LEE pathogenicity island, phage-encoded genes including non-LEE encoded effectors, were absent from all nine LEE-negative STEC genomes. Several plasmid-encoded virulence factors reportedly identified in LEE-negative STEC isolates were identified in only a subset of the nine LEE-negative isolates further confirming the diversity of this group. In combination with whole genome analysis, we characterized the lambdoid phages harboring the various stx alleles and determined their genomic insertion sites. Although the integrase gene sequence corresponded with genomic location, it was not correlated with stx variant, further highlighting the mosaic nature of these phages. The transcription of these phages in different genomic backgrounds was examined. Expression of the Shiga toxin genes, stx(1) and/or stx(2), as well as the Q genes, were examined with quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays. A wide range of basal and induced toxin induction was observed. Overall, this is a first significant foray into the genome space of this unexplored group of emerging and divergent pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan R Steyert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute for Genome Sciences Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bolton DJ. Verocytotoxigenic (Shiga toxin-producing) Escherichia coli: virulence factors and pathogenicity in the farm to fork paradigm. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 8:357-65. [PMID: 21114423 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2010.0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) are a good example of the evolution and emergence of pathogenic E. coli. Unknown before the late 1970s, these bacteria are a major cause of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome worldwide. The production of verocytotoxins is the main virulence feature of VTEC but cannot be solely responsible for full pathogenicity. VTEC associated with severe human disease are usually capable of colonizing the intestinal mucosa with a characteristic attaching-and-effacing mechanism, genetically governed by the locus of enterocyte effacement, and possess other mobile genetic elements carrying additional virulence genes such as plasmids, phages, and pathogenicity islands (e.g., O-I 122). Despite the huge amount of data collected after the sequencing of the full genome of VTEC O157, the virulence and the evolution of the different VTEC serotypes have only been partially unraveled. A greater understanding of the factors governing the development of severe disease in humans and the colonization of animal hosts must be achieved before effective intervention strategies aimed at the reduction of the burden of infection can be developed. Defining all the factors characterizing a fully pathogenic VTEC strain will be crucial to improve the efficacy of the diagnosis of human infections, the surveillance of animal reservoirs, the assessment of public health risks, and the development of control interventions. An overview of the VTEC virulence factors, including their genetic basis and function, would start this process and is the objective of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan J Bolton
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
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Newton HJ, Sloan J, Bulach DM, Seemann T, Allison CC, Tauschek M, Robins-Browne RM, Paton JC, Whittam TS, Paton AW, Hartland EL. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains negative for locus of enterocyte effacement. Emerg Infect Dis 2009. [PMID: 19239748 PMCID: PMC2681110 DOI: 10.3201/eid1502.080631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Most Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections that are associated with severe sequelae such as hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) are caused by attaching and effacing pathogens that carry the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). However, a proportion of STEC isolates that do not carry LEE have been associated with HUS. To clarify the emergence of LEE-negative STEC, we compared the genetic composition of the virulence plasmids pO113 and pO157 from LEE-negative and LEE-positive STEC, respectively. The complete nucleotide sequence of pO113 showed that several plasmid genes were shared by STEC O157:H7. In addition, allelic profiling of the ehxA gene demonstrated that pO113 belongs to a different evolutionary lineage than pO157 and that the virulence plasmids of LEE-negative STEC strains were highly related. In contrast, multilocus sequence typing of 17 LEE-negative STEC isolates showed several clonal groups, suggesting that pathogenic LEE-negative STEC has emerged several times throughout its evolution.
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11
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Newton HJ, Sloan J, Bulach DM, Seemann T, Allison CC, Tauschek M, Robins-Browne RM, Paton JC, Whittam TS, Paton AW, Hartland EL. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains negative for locus of enterocyte effacement. Emerg Infect Dis 2009; 15:372-80. [PMID: 19239748 DOI: 10.3201/eid1503.080631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections that are associated with severe sequelae such as hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) are caused by attaching and effacing pathogens that carry the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). However, a proportion of STEC isolates that do not carry LEE have been associated with HUS. To clarify the emergence of LEE-negative STEC, we compared the genetic composition of the virulence plasmids pO113 and pO157 from LEE-negative and LEE-positive STEC, respectively. The complete nucleotide sequence of pO113 showed that several plasmid genes were shared by STEC O157:H7. In addition, allelic profiling of the ehxA gene demonstrated that pO113 belongs to a different evolutionary lineage than pO157 and that the virulence plasmids of LEE-negative STEC strains were highly related. In contrast, multilocus sequence typing of 17 LEE-negative STEC isolates showed several clonal groups, suggesting that pathogenic LEE-negative STEC has emerged several times throughout its evolution.
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12
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Madic J, Lecureuil C, Dilasser F, Derzelle S, Jamet E, Fach P, Auvray F. Screening of food raw materials for the presence of Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliO91:H21. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009; 48:447-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2008.02549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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