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Bessen DE, McShan WM, Nguyen SV, Shetty A, Agrawal S, Tettelin H. Molecular epidemiology and genomics of group A Streptococcus. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2015; 33:393-418. [PMID: 25460818 PMCID: PMC4416080 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus; GAS) is a strict human pathogen with a very high prevalence worldwide. This review highlights the genetic organization of the species and the important ecological considerations that impact its evolution. Recent advances are presented on the topics of molecular epidemiology, population biology, molecular basis for genetic change, genome structure and genetic flux, phylogenomics and closely related streptococcal species, and the long- and short-term evolution of GAS. The application of whole genome sequence data to addressing key biological questions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra E Bessen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
| | - W Michael McShan
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA.
| | - Scott V Nguyen
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA.
| | - Amol Shetty
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Sonia Agrawal
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Hervé Tettelin
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Davies MR, Holden MT, Coupland P, Chen JHK, Venturini C, Barnett TC, Zakour NLB, Tse H, Dougan G, Yuen KY, Walker MJ. Emergence of scarlet fever Streptococcus pyogenes emm12 clones in Hong Kong is associated with toxin acquisition and multidrug resistance. Nat Genet 2014; 47:84-7. [PMID: 25401300 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A scarlet fever outbreak began in mainland China and Hong Kong in 2011 (refs. 1-6). Macrolide- and tetracycline-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes emm12 isolates represent the majority of clinical cases. Recently, we identified two mobile genetic elements that were closely associated with emm12 outbreak isolates: the integrative and conjugative element ICE-emm12, encoding genes for tetracycline and macrolide resistance, and prophage ΦHKU.vir, encoding the superantigens SSA and SpeC, as well as the DNase Spd1 (ref. 4). Here we sequenced the genomes of 141 emm12 isolates, including 132 isolated in Hong Kong between 2005 and 2011. We found that the introduction of several ICE-emm12 variants, ΦHKU.vir and a new prophage, ΦHKU.ssa, occurred in three distinct emm12 lineages late in the twentieth century. Acquisition of ssa and transposable elements encoding multidrug resistance genes triggered the expansion of scarlet fever-associated emm12 lineages in Hong Kong. The occurrence of multidrug-resistant ssa-harboring scarlet fever strains should prompt heightened surveillance within China and abroad for the dissemination of these mobile genetic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Davies
- 1] Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia. [2] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | | | | | - Carola Venturini
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Timothy C Barnett
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nouri L Ben Zakour
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Herman Tse
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China. [2] Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. [3] State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China. [2] Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. [3] State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mark J Walker
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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