Genome sequence of Lysinibacillus boronitolerans F1182, isolated from a traditional Korean fermented soybean product

Rare case of bacteremia due to Lysinibacillus sphaericus in a person living with HIV

Lysinibacillus sphaericus, as an insect pathogen, is a ubiquitous Gram-positive bacterium present in the environment. It is often considered to be contaminating bacteria. L. sphaericus has been reported to cause infectious diseases in humans relatively rarely. We report a rare case of bacteremia due to L. sphaericus in a person living with HIV, which is also the first reported case of bacteremia caused by L. sphaericus in China. L. sphaericus easily causes infection in immunocompromised individuals. We found that L. sphaericus and Lysinibacillus fusiformis could not be distinguished by their 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence. We performed a genome-wide analysis of the isolated strains of this case and predicted the virulence factors. Finally, L. sphaericus was confirmed. According to antimicrobial susceptibility test, the strain was found to be sensitive to levofloxacin and vancomycin but resistant to penicillin. Greater attention to L. sphaericus infection should be paid and immunocompromised populations should be protected from L. sphaericus infection.

Lysinibacillus Isolate MK212927: A Natural Producer of Allylamine Antifungal ‘Terbinafine’

Resistance to antifungal agents represents a major clinical challenge, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in immunocompromised patients. In this study, we screened soil bacterial isolates for the capability of producing metabolites with antifungal activities via the cross-streak and agar cup-plate methods. One isolate, coded S6, showed observable antifungal activity against Candida (C.) albicans ATCC 10231 and Aspergillus (A.) niger clinical isolate. This strain was identified using a combined approach of phenotypic and molecular techniques as Lysinibacillus sp. MK212927. The purified metabolite displayed fungicidal activity, reserved its activity in a relatively wide range of temperatures (up to 60 °C) and pH values (6–7.8) and was stable in the presence of various enzymes and detergents. As compared to fluconazole, miconazole and Lamisil, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the metabolite that showed 90% inhibition of the growth (MIC₉₀) was equivalent to that of Lamisil, half of miconazole and one fourth of fluconazole. Using different spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, UV spectroscopy, 1D NMR and 2D NMR techniques, the purified metabolite was identified as terbinafine, an allylamine antifungal agent. It is deemed necessary to note that this is the first report of terbinafine production by Lysinibacillus sp. MK212927, a fast-growing microbial source, with relatively high yield and that is subject to potential optimization for industrial production capabilities.

Lysinibacillus fusiformis bacteremia: Case report and literature review

A 93-year-old woman was diagnosed with Lysinibacillus fusiformis bacteremia complicated with coma blisters. Initial gram staining for L. fusiformis indicated the presence of gram-negative rods; however, subsequent staining of colonies from Mueller-Hinton agar revealed the presence of gram-positive and gram-negative rods with spherical endospores, and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (VITEK ® MS and microflex® LT/SH) definitively identified the organism as L. fusiformis. The two-week administration of piperacillin/tazobactam and ampicillin resulted in an improvement of the patient's general condition, and the skin lesions gradually improved.

Fermentation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent in the Presence of Lysinibacillus sp. LC 556247 to Produce Alternative Biomass Fuel

A bacterial strain, identified as Lysinibacillus sp. LC 556247 POME, was isolated from palm oil mill effluent (POME). The present article highlights the potential utilization of POME as a sole fermentation medium by Lysinibacillus sp. LC 556247 to produce biomass fuel via aerobic fermentation. The fermentation was performed in a shake flask with a working volume of 300 mL, agitated at 180 rpm, incubated at 35 ± 2 °C for various fermentation hours, ranging from 1, 2, 3, 4, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h, and was followed by a drying process. Elucidation of the POME characteristics, calorific energy values (CEV), moisture content (MC), oil and grease content, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), pH, total nitrogen, and the colony-forming unit (CFU) were performed. The results demonstrate that the highest CEV, of 21.25 ± 0.19 MJ/kg, was obtained at 48 h fermentation. High amounts of extractable oil and nitrogen content were retrieved at the highest CEV reading of the fermented and dried POME samples, which were 17.95 ± 0.02% and 12.80 ± 0.08%, respectively. The maximum removal efficiencies for the COD (50.83%), the BOD (71.73%), and the TSS (42.99%) were achieved at 120 h of fermentation, with an operating pH ranging from 4.49–4.54. The XRF analysis reveals that the fermented and dried products consisted of elements that had a high amount of carbon and potassium, and a significantly low amount of silica, which is sufficient for the effective burning of biomass fuel in the boiler.

Optimized Production of the Allylamine Antifungal "Terbinafine" by Lysinibacillus Isolate MK212927 Using Response Surface Methodology

Purpose

We aimed to optimize the factors affecting the production of the allylamine antifungal, terbinafine, by Lysinibacillus isolate MK212927, a natural producer of this broad-spectrum fungicidal compound.

Methods

We employed a central composite design to optimize the five most important variables influencing the production of terbinafine which were carbon source, nitrogen source, temperature, pH and agitation.

Results

The optimum conditions were found to be starch 5 g/L, ammonium chloride 5 g/L, temperature 32°C, agitation 150 rpm and pH 7. The actual response (inhibition zone diameter) was highly comparable to the value predicted by the model, indicating a valid model. Using the standard calibration curve of terbinafine, the optimized conditions resulted in an increase in the antifungal metabolite production (terbinafine) by about 1.6-fold (1814.662 µg/mL compared to 1165.550 µg/mL under standardized conditions).

Conclusion

This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, on optimized production of terbinafine by Lysinibacillus species. Hence, these findings may be useful as baseline data for scaling up the production of terbinafine from a natural microbial source.

Detailed analyses of the bacterial populations in processed cocoa beans of different geographic origin, subject to varied fermentation conditions

The quality of chocolate is influenced by several parameters, one of which is bacterial diversity during fermentation and drying; a crucial factor for the generation of the optimal cocoa flavor precursors. Our understanding of the bacterial populations involved in chocolate fermentation can be improved by the use of high-throughput sequencing technologies (HTS), combined with PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA subunit. Here, we have conducted a high-throughput assessment of bacterial diversity in four processed samples of cocoa beans from different geographic origins. As part of this study, we also assessed whether different DNA extraction methods could affect the quality of our data. The dynamics of microbial populations were analyzed postharvest (fermentation and sun drying) and shipment, before entry to the industrial process. A total of 691,867 high quality sequences were obtained by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the two bacterial 16S rRNA hypervariable regions, V3 and V4, following paired-read assembly of the raw reads. Manual curation of the 16S database allowed us to assign the correct taxonomic classifications, at species level, for 83.8% of those reads. This approach revealed a limited biodiversity and population dynamics for both the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acetic acid bacteria (AAB), both of which are key players during the acetification and lactic acid fermentation phases. Among the LAB, the most abundant species were Lactobacillus fermentum, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Weissella paramesenteroides, and Lactobacillus plantarum/paraplantarum. Among the AAB, Acetobacter syzygii, was most abundant, then Acetobacter senegalensis and Acetobacter pasteriuanus. Our results indicate that HTS approach has the ability to provide a comprehensive view of the cocoa bean microbiota at the species level.

Draft Genome Sequence of a Selenite- and Tellurite-Reducing Marine Bacterium, Lysinibacillus sp. Strain ZYM-1

Lysinibacillus sp. ZYM-1, a Gram-positive strain isolated from marine sediments, reduces selenite and tellurite efficiently. Meanwhile, it also exhibits high resistance to Zn2+ and Mn2+. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of strain ZYM-1, which contains genes related to selenite and tellurite reduction and also metal resistance.

Complete genome sequence of Lysinibacillus varians GY32, a bacterium with filament-to-rod cell cycle

The complete genome sequence of Lysinibacillus varians GY32 was determined to be 4,662,822 base pairs in a single circular chromosome. Genes in cell division, cell cycle, surface layer and cell wall synthesis are foundation of its unique cell morphology. The genome contains multiple clusters of transcriptional regulator, two-component system and sigma factors, providing the organism with the ability to regulate a filament-to-rod cell cycle progression. L. varians GY32 was, to our knowledge, the first bacterium with a filament-to-rod cell cycle to be sequenced and its annotated genome might provide new insights into our understanding of bacterial cell cycle regulation.