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Bertling K, Banerjee A, Saffarini D. Aerobic Respiration and Its Regulation in the Metal Reducer Shewanella oneidensis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:723835. [PMID: 34566926 PMCID: PMC8458880 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.723835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is a facultative anaerobe known for its ability to reduce metal oxides. Anaerobic respiration, especially metal reduction, has been the subject of extensive research. In contrast, S. oneidensis aerobic respiration has received less attention. S. oneidensis expresses cbb3- and aa3-type cytochrome c oxidases and a bd-type quinol oxidase. The aa3-type oxidase, which in other bacteria is the major oxygen reductase under oxygen replete conditions, does not appear to contribute to aerobic respiration and growth in S. oneidensis. Our results indicated that although the aa3-type oxidase does not play a role in aerobic growth on lactate, the preferred carbon source for S. oneidensis, it is involved in growth on pyruvate or acetate. These results highlight the importance of testing multiple carbon and energy sources when attempting to identify enzyme activities and mutant phenotypes. Several regulatory proteins contribute to the regulation of aerobic growth in S. oneidensis including CRP and ArcA. The 3',5'-cAMP phosphodiesterase (CpdA) appears to play a more significant role in aerobic growth than either CRP or ArcA, yet the deficiency does not appear to be the result of reduced oxidase genes expression. Interestingly, the ∆cpdA mutant was more deficient in aerobic respiration with several carbon sources tested compared to ∆crp, which was moderately deficient only in the presence of lactate. To identify the reason for ∆cpdA aerobic growth deficiency, we isolated a suppressor mutant with transposon insertion in SO_3550. Inactivation of this gene, which encodes an anti-sigma factor, restored aerobic growth in the cpdA mutant to wild-type levels. Inactivation of SO_3550 in wild-type cells, however, did not affect aerobic growth. The S. oneidensis genome encodes two additional CRP-like proteins that we designated CrpB and CrpC. Mutants that lack crpB and crpC were deficient in aerobic growth, but this deficiency was not due to the loss of oxidase gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Bertling
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Areen Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Daad Saffarini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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2
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Lipopolysaccharide Transport System Links Physiological Roles of σ E and ArcA in the Cell Envelope Biogenesis in Shewanella oneidensis. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0069021. [PMID: 34406804 PMCID: PMC8552667 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00690-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial cell envelope is not only a protective structure that surrounds the cytoplasm but also the place where a myriad of biological processes take place. This multilayered complex is particularly important for electroactive bacteria such as Shewanella oneidensis, as it generally hosts branched electron transport chains and numerous reductases for extracellular respiration. However, little is known about how the integrity of the cell envelope is established and maintained in these bacteria. By tracing the synthetic lethal effect of Arc two-component system and σE in S. oneidensis, in this study, we identified the lipopolysaccharide transport (Lpt) system as the determining factor. Both Arc and σE, by regulating transcription of lptFG and lptD, respectively, are required for the Lpt system to function properly. The ArcA loss results in an LptFG shortage that triggers activation of σE and leads to LptD overproduction. LptFG and LptD at abnormal levels cause a defect in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) transport, leading to cell death unless σE-dependent envelope stress response is in place. Overall, our report reveals for the first time that Arc works together with σE to maintain the integrity of the S. oneidensis cell envelope by participating in the regulation of the LPS transport system. IMPORTANCE Arc is a well-characterized global regulatory system that modulates cellular respiration by responding to changes in the redox status in bacterial cells. In addition to regulating expression of respiratory enzymes, Shewanella oneidensis Arc also plays a critical role in cell envelope integrity. The absence of Arc and master envelope stress response (ESR) regulator σE causes a synthetic lethal phenotype. Our research shows that the Arc loss downregulates lptFG expression, leading to cell envelope defects that require σE-mediated ESR for viability. The complex mechanisms revealed here underscore the importance of the interplay between global regulators in bacterial adaption to their natural inhabits.
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3
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Liang H, Zhang Y, Wang S, Gao H. Mutual interplay between ArcA and σ E orchestrates envelope stress response in Shewanella oneidensis. Environ Microbiol 2020; 23:652-668. [PMID: 32372525 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To survive and thrive in harsh and ever-changing environments, intricate mechanisms have evolved for bacterial cells to monitor perturbations impacting the integrity of their envelope and to mount an appropriate response to contain or repair the damage. In this study, we report in Shewanella oneidensis a previously undescribed mechanism for the envelope defect resulting from the loss of Arc, a two-component transcriptional regulatory system crucial for respiration. We uncovered σE , a master regulator establishing and maintaining the integrity of the cell envelope in γ-proteobacteria, as the determining factor for the cell envelope defect of the arcA mutant. When ArcA is depleted, σE activity is compromised by enhanced production of anti-σE protein RseA. Surprisingly, S. oneidensis σE is not essential for viability, but becomes so in the absence of ArcA. Furthermore, we demonstrated that there is an interplay between these two regulators as arcA expression is affected by availability of σE . Overall, our results underscore functional interplay of regulatory systems for envelope stress response: although each of the systems may respond to perturbation of particular components of the envelope, they are functionally intertwined, working together to form an interconnected safety net.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Liang
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yongting Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sijing Wang
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haichun Gao
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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4
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Regulation and Maturation of the Shewanella oneidensis Sulfite Reductase SirA. Sci Rep 2020; 10:953. [PMID: 31969587 PMCID: PMC6976685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Shewanella oneidensis, a metal reducer and facultative anaerobe, expresses a large number of c-type cytochromes, many of which function as anaerobic reductases. All of these proteins contain the typical heme-binding motif CXXCH and require the Ccm proteins for maturation. Two c-type cytochrome reductases also possess atypical heme-binding sites, the NrfA nitrite reductase (CXXCK) and the SirA sulfite reductase (CX12NKGCH). S. oneidensis MR-1 encodes two cytochrome c synthetases (CcmF and SirE) and two apocytochrome c chaperones (CcmI and SirG). SirE located in the sir gene cluster is required for the maturation of SirA, but not NrfA. Here we show that maturation of SirA requires the combined function of the two apocytochrome c chaperones CcmI and SirG. Loss of either protein resulted in decreased sulfite reductase. Furthermore, SirA was not detected in a mutant that lacked both chaperones, perhaps due to misfolding or instability. These results suggest that CcmI interacts with SirEFG during SirA maturation, and with CcmF during maturation of NrfA. Additionally, we show that CRP regulates expression of sirA via the newly identified transcriptional regulatory protein, SirR.
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5
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Liang H, Mao Y, Sun Y, Gao H. Transcriptional regulator ArcA mediates expression of oligopeptide transport systems both directly and indirectly in Shewanella oneidensis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13839. [PMID: 31554843 PMCID: PMC6761289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In γ-proteobacterial species, such as Escherichia coli, the Arc (anoxic redox control) two-component system plays a major role in mediating the metabolic transition from aerobiosis to anaerobiosis, and thus is crucial for anaerobic growth but dispensable for aerobic growth. In Shewanella oneidensis, a bacterium renowned for respiratory versatility, Arc (SoArc) primarily affects aerobic growth. To date, how this occurs has remained largely unknown although the growth defect resulting from the loss of DNA-binding response regulator SoArcA is tryptone-dependent. In this study, we demonstrated that the growth defect is in part linked to utilization of oligopeptides and di-tripeptides, and peptide uptake but not peptide degradation is significantly affected by the SoArcA loss. A systematic characterization of major small peptide uptake systems manifests that ABC peptide transporter Sap and four proton-dependent oligopeptide transporters (POTs) are responsible for transport of oligopeptides and di-tripeptides respectively. Among them, Sap and DtpA (one of POTs) are responsive to the SoarcA mutation but only dtpA is under the direct control of SoArcA. We further showed that both Sap and DtpA, when overproduced, improve growth of the SoarcA mutant. While the data firmly establish a link between transport of oligopeptides and di-tripeptides and the SoarcA mutation, other yet-unidentified factors are implicated in the growth defect resulting from the SoArcA loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Liang
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yinting Mao
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yijuan Sun
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Research Center of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Haichun Gao
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China. .,Research Center of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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6
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Ding D, Shu C, Sun X. Transcriptional regulatory module analysis reveals that bridge proteins reconcile multiple signals in extracellular electron transfer pathways. Proteins 2019; 88:196-205. [PMID: 31344265 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 shows remarkable respiratory versatility with a large variety of extracellular electron acceptors (termed extracellular electron transfer, EET). To utilize the various electron acceptors, the bacterium must employ complex regulatory mechanisms to elicit the relevant EET pathways. To investigate the relevant mechanisms, we integrated EET genes and related transcriptional factors (TFs) into transcriptional regulatory modules (TRMs) and showed that many bridge proteins in these modules were signal proteins, which generally contained one or more signal processing domains (eg, GGDEF, EAL, PAS, etc.). Since Shewanella has to respond to diverse environmental conditions despite encoding few EET-relevant TFs, the overabundant signal proteins involved in the TRMs can help decipher the mechanism by which these microbes elicit a wide range of condition-specific responses. By combining proteomic data and protein bioinformatic analysis, we demonstrated that diverse signal proteins reconciled the different EET pathways, and we discussed the functional roles of signal proteins involved in the well-known MtrCAB pathway. Additionally, we showed that the signal proteins SO_2145 and SO_1417 played central roles in triggering EET pathways in anaerobic environments. Taken together, our results suggest that signal proteins have a profound impact on the transcriptional regulation of EET genes and thus have potential applications in microbial fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Yichun University, Yichun, PR China
| | - Chuanjun Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
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7
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Kappler U, Nasreen M, McEwan A. New insights into the molecular physiology of sulfoxide reduction in bacteria. Adv Microb Physiol 2019; 75:1-51. [PMID: 31655735 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sulfoxides occur in biology as products of the S-oxygenation of small molecules as well as in peptides and proteins and their formation is often associated with oxidative stress and can affect biological function. In bacteria, sulfoxide damage can be reversed by different types of enzymes. Thioredoxin-dependent peptide methionine sulfoxide reductases (MSR proteins) repair oxidized methionine residues and are found in all Domains of life. In bacteria MSR proteins are often found in the cytoplasm but in some bacteria, including pathogenic Neisseria, Streptococci, and Haemophilus they are extracytoplasmic. Mutants lacking MSR proteins are often sensitive to oxidative stress and in pathogens exhibit decreased virulence as indicated by reduced survival in host cell or animal model systems. Molybdenum enzymes are also known to reduce S-oxides and traditionally their physiological role was considered to be in anaerobic respiration using dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as an electron acceptor. However, it now appears that some enzymes (MtsZ) of the DMSO reductase family of Mo enzymes use methionine sulfoxide as preferred physiological substrate and thus may be involved in scavenging/recycling of this amino acid. Similarly, an enzyme (MsrP/YedY) of the sulfite oxidase family of Mo enzymes has been shown to be involved in repair of methionine sulfoxides in periplasmic proteins. Again, some mutants deficient in Mo-dependent sulfoxide reductases exhibit reduced virulence, and there is evidence that these Mo enzymes and some MSR systems are induced by hypochlorite produced by the innate immune system. This review describes recent advances in the understanding of the molecular microbiology of MSR systems and the broadening of the role of Mo-dependent sulfoxide reductase to encompass functions beyond anaerobic respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Kappler
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Marufa Nasreen
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alastair McEwan
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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8
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Fu H, Yuan J, Gao H. Microbial oxidative stress response: Novel insights from environmental facultative anaerobic bacteria. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 584:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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9
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Wan F, Mao Y, Dong Y, Ju L, Wu G, Gao H. Impaired cell envelope resulting from arcA mutation largely accounts for enhanced sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide in Shewanella oneidensis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10228. [PMID: 25975178 PMCID: PMC4432559 DOI: 10.1038/srep10228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the major challenges that Shewanella encounter routinely because they thrive in redox-stratified environments prone to reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, letting alone that ROS can be generated endogenously. As respiration is the predominant process for endogenous ROS, regulators mediating respiration have been demonstrated and/or implicated to play a role in oxidative stress response. In our efforts to unveil the involvement of global regulators for respiration in the oxidative stress response, we found that loss of the Arc system increases S. oneidensis sensitivity to H2O2 whereas neither Fnr nor Crp has a significant role. A comparison of transcriptomic profiles of the wild-type and its isogenic arcA mutant revealed that the OxyR regulon is independent of the Arc system. We then provided evidence that the enhanced H2O2 sensitivity of the arcA mutant is due to an increased H2O2 uptake rate, a result of a cell envelope defect. Although one of three proteases of the ArcA regulon when in excess is partially accountable for the envelope defect, the major contributors remain elusive. Overall, our data indicate that the Arc system influences the bacterial cell envelope biosynthesis, a physiological aspect that has not been associated with the regulator before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wan
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yinting Mao
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yangyang Dong
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Lili Ju
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Genfu Wu
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Haichun Gao
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
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10
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Wu G, Li N, Mao Y, Zhou G, Gao H. Endogenous generation of hydrogen sulfide and its regulation in Shewanella oneidensis. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:374. [PMID: 25972854 PMCID: PMC4412017 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recognized as a physiological mediator with a variety of functions across all domains of life. In this study, mechanisms of endogenous H2S generation in Shewanella oneidensis were investigated. As a research model with highly diverse anaerobic respiratory pathways, the microorganism is able to produce H2S by respiring on a variety of sulfur-containing compounds with SirACD and PsrABC enzymatic complexes, as well as through cysteine degradation with three enzymes, MdeA, SO_1095, and SseA. We showed that the SirACD and PsrABC complexes, which are predominantly, if not exclusively, responsible for H2S generation via respiration of sulfur species, do not interplay with each other. Strikingly, a screen for regulators controlling endogenous H2S generation by transposon mutagenesis identified global regulator Crp to be essential to all H2S-generating processes. In contrast, Fnr and Arc, two other global regulators that have a role in respiration, are dispensable in regulating H2S generation via respiration of sulfur species. Interestingly, Arc is involved in the H2S generation through cysteine degradation by repressing expression of the mdeA gene. We further showed that expression of the sirA and psrABC operons is subjected to direct regulation of Crp, but the mechanisms underlying the requirement of Crp for H2S generation through cysteine degradation remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genfu Wu
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinting Mao
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangqi Zhou
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Haichun Gao
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
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11
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Fu H, Jin M, Ju L, Mao Y, Gao H. Evidence for function overlapping of CymA and the cytochrome bc1 complex in the Shewanella oneidensis nitrate and nitrite respiration. Environ Microbiol 2014; 16:3181-95. [PMID: 24650148 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Shewanella oneidensis is an important model organism for its versatility of anaerobic respiration. CymA, a cytoplasmic membrane-bound tetraheme c-type cytochrome, plays a central role in anaerobic respiration by transferring electrons from the quinone pool to a variety of terminal reductases. Although loss of CymA results in defect in respiration of many electron acceptors (EAs), a significant share of the capacity remains in general. In this study, we adopted a transposon random mutagenesis method in a cymA null mutant to identify substituent(s) of CymA with respect to nitrite and nitrate respiration. A total of 87 insertion mutants, whose ability to reduce nitrite was further impaired, were obtained. Among the interrupted genes, the petABC operon appeared to be the most likely candidate given the involvement of the cytochrome bc1 complex that it encodes in electron transport. Subsequent analyses not only confirmed that the complex and CymA were indeed functionally overlapping in nitrate/nitrite respiration but also revealed that both proteins were able to draw electrons from ubiquinone and menaquinone. Furthermore, we found that expression of the bc1 complex was affected by oxygen but not nitrate or nitrite and by global regulators ArcA and Crp in an indirect manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Fu
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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12
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Yang XW, He Y, Xu J, Xiao X, Wang FP. The regulatory role of ferric uptake regulator (Fur) during anaerobic respiration of Shewanella piezotolerans WP3. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75588. [PMID: 24124499 PMCID: PMC3790847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferric uptake regulator (Fur) is a global regulator that controls bacterial iron homeostasis. In this study, a fur deletion mutant of the deep-sea bacterium Shewanella piezotolerans WP3 was constructed. Physiological studies revealed that the growth rate of this mutant under aerobic conditions was only slightly lower than that of wild type (WT), but severe growth defects were observed under anaerobic conditions when different electron acceptors (EAs) were provided. Comparative transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that Fur is involved not only in classical iron homeostasis but also in anaerobic respiration. Fur exerted pleiotropic effects on the regulation of anaerobic respiration by controlling anaerobic electron transport, the heme biosynthesis system, and the cytochrome c maturation system. Biochemical assays demonstrated that levels of c-type cytochromes were lower in the fur mutant, consistent with the transcriptional profiling. Transcriptomic analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed a primary regulation network for Fur in WP3. These results suggest that Fur may act as a sensor for anoxic conditions to trigger and influence the anaerobic respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ying He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Feng-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
- * E-mail:
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13
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Fu H, Chen H, Wang J, Zhou G, Zhang H, Zhang L, Gao H. Crp-dependent cytochromebdoxidase confers nitrite resistance toShewanella oneidensis. Environ Microbiol 2013; 15:2198-212. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Fu
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; Zhejiang; 310058; China
| | - Haijiang Chen
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; Zhejiang; 310058; China
| | - Jixuan Wang
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; Zhejiang; 310058; China
| | - Guangqi Zhou
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; Zhejiang; 310058; China
| | | | - Lili Zhang
- College of Life Sciences; Tarim University; Alar; Xinjiang; 843300; China
| | - Haichun Gao
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; Zhejiang; 310058; China
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14
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Domain analysis of ArcS, the hybrid sensor kinase of the Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Arc two-component system, reveals functional differentiation of its two receiver domains. J Bacteriol 2012; 195:482-92. [PMID: 23161031 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01715-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In all species of the genus Shewanella, the redox-sensing Arc two-component system consists of the response regulator ArcA, the sensor kinase ArcS, and the separate phosphotransfer protein HptA. Compared to its counterpart ArcB in Escherichia coli, ArcS has a significantly different domain structure. Resequencing and reannotation revealed that in the N-terminal part, ArcS possesses a periplasmic CaChe-sensing domain bracketed by two transmembrane domains and, moreover, that ArcS has two cytoplasmic PAS-sensing domains and two receiver domains, compared to a single one of each in ArcB. Here, we used a combination of in vitro phosphotransfer studies on purified proteins and phenotypic in vivo mutant analysis to determine the roles of the different domains in ArcS function. The analysis revealed that phosphotransfer occurs from and toward the response regulator ArcA and involves mainly the C-terminal RecII domain. However, RecI also can receive a phosphate from HptA. In addition, the PAS-II domain, located upstream of the histidine kinase domain, is crucial for function. The results support a model in which phosphorylation of RecI stimulates histidine kinase activity of ArcS in order to maintain an appropriate level of phosphorylated ArcA according to environmental conditions. In addition, the study reveals some fundamental mechanistic differences between ArcS/HptA and ArcB with respect to signal perception and phosphotransfer despite functional conservation of the Arc system in Shewanella and E. coli.
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15
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Yuan J, Wei B, Lipton MS, Gao H. Impact of ArcA loss in Shewanella oneidensis
revealed by comparative proteomics under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Proteomics 2012; 12:1957-69. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yuan
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Buyun Wei
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Mary S. Lipton
- Biological Sciences Division; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA USA
- U.S. Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
| | - Haichun Gao
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
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