1
|
Capacity of soybean carbohydrate metabolism in Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
2
|
Acin-Albiac M, Filannino P, Coda R, Rizzello CG, Gobbetti M, Di Cagno R. How water-soluble saccharides drive the metabolism of lactic acid bacteria during fermentation of brewers' spent grain. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:915-930. [PMID: 34132488 PMCID: PMC8913874 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We proposed a novel phenomic approach to track the effect of short-term exposures of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides to environmental pressure induced by brewers' spent grain (BSG)-derived saccharides. Water-soluble BSG-based medium (WS-BSG) was chosen as model system. The environmental pressure exerted by WS-BSG shifted the phenotypes of bacteria in species- and strains-dependent way. The metabolic drift was growth phase-dependent and likely underlay the diauxic profile of organic acids production by bacteria in response to the low availability of energy sources. Among pentosans, metabolism of arabinose was preferred by L. plantarum and xylose by Leuc. pseudomesenteroides as confirmed by the overexpression of related genes. Bayesian variance analysis showed that phenotype switching towards galactose metabolism suffered the greatest fluctuation in L. plantarum. All lactic acid bacteria strains utilized more intensively sucrose and its plant-derived isomers. Sucrose-6-phosphate activity in Leuc. pseudomesenteroides likely mediated the increased consumption of raffinose. The increased levels of some phenolic compounds suggested the involvement of 6-phospho-β-glucosidases in β-glucosides degradation. Expression of genes encoding β-glucoside/cellobiose-specific EII complexes and phenotyping highlighted an increased metabolism for cellobiose. Our reconstructed metabolic network will improve the understanding of how lactic acid bacteria may transform BSG into suitable food ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Acin-Albiac
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Pasquale Filannino
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Rossana Coda
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00100, Finland
| | | | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Abou Hachem M, Andersen JM, Barrangou R, Møller MS, Fredslund F, Majumder A, Ejby M, Lahtinen SJ, Jacobsen S, Lo Leggio L, Goh YJ, Klaenhammer TR, Svensson B. Recent insight into oligosaccharide uptake and metabolism in probiotic bacteria. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2013.828048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
5
|
Wang Y, He Y, Abraham B, Rouhani FN, Brantly ML, Scott DE, Reed JL. Cytosolic, autocrine alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (A1PI) inhibits caspase-1 and blocks IL-1β dependent cytokine release in monocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51078. [PMID: 23226468 PMCID: PMC3511367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Activation state-dependent secretion of alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (A1PI) by monocytes and macrophages was first reported in 1985. Since then, monocytes and tissue macrophages have emerged as key sentinels of infection and tissue damage via activation of self-assembling pattern recognition receptors (inflammasomes), which trigger inflammation and cell death in a caspase-1 dependent process. These studies examine the relationship between A1PI expression in primary monocytes and monocytic cell lines, and inflammatory cytokine expression in response to inflammasome directed stimuli. Methods IL-1 β expression was examined in lung macrophages expressing wild type A1PI (A1PI-M) or disease-associated Z isoform A1PI (A1PI-Z). Inflammatory cytokine release was evaluated in THP-1 monocytic cells or THP-1 cells lacking the inflammasome adaptor ASC, transfected with expression vectors encoding A1PI-M or A1PI-Z. A1PI-M was localized within monocytes by immunoprecipitation in hypotonic cell fractions. Cell-free titration of A1PI-M was performed against recombinant active caspase-1 in vitro. Results IL-1 β expression was elevated in lung macrophages expressing A1PI-Z. Overexpression of A1PI-M in THP-1 monocytes reduced secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α. In contrast, overexpression of A1PI-Z enhanced IL-1β and TNF- α secretion in an ASC dependent manner. A1PI-Z-enhanced cytokine release was inhibited by a small molecule caspase-1 inhibitor but not by high levels of exogenous wtA1PI. Cytosolic localization of A1PI-M in monocytes was not diminished with microtubule-inhibiting agents. A1PI-M co-localized with caspase-1 in gel-filtered cytoplasmic THP-1 preparations, and was co-immunoprecipitated with caspase 1 from nigericin-stimulated THP-1 cell lysate. Plasma-derived A1PI inhibited recombinant caspase-1 mediated conversion of a peptide substrate in a dose dependent manner. Conclusions Our results suggest that monocyte/macrophage-expressed A1PI-M antagonizes IL-1β secretion possibly via caspase-1 inhibition, a function which disease-associated A1PI-Z may lack. Therapeutic approaches which limit inflammasome responses in patients with A1PI deficiency, in combination with A1PI augmentation, may provide additional respiratory tissue-sparing benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Wang
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yong He
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bindu Abraham
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Farshid N. Rouhani
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mark L. Brantly
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Dorothy E. Scott
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Reed
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gänzle MG, Follador R. Metabolism of oligosaccharides and starch in lactobacilli: a review. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:340. [PMID: 23055996 PMCID: PMC3458588 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligosaccharides, compounds that are composed of 2-10 monosaccharide residues, are major carbohydrate sources in habitats populated by lactobacilli. Moreover, oligosaccharide metabolism is essential for ecological fitness of lactobacilli. Disaccharide metabolism by lactobacilli is well understood; however, few data on the metabolism of higher oligosaccharides are available. Research on the ecology of intestinal microbiota as well as the commercial application of prebiotics has shifted the interest from (digestible) disaccharides to (indigestible) higher oligosaccharides. This review provides an overview on oligosaccharide metabolism in lactobacilli. Emphasis is placed on maltodextrins, isomalto-oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides, and raffinose-family oligosaccharides. Starch is also considered. Metabolism is discussed on the basis of metabolic studies related to oligosaccharide metabolism, information on the cellular location and substrate specificity of carbohydrate transport systems, glycosyl hydrolases and phosphorylases, and the presence of metabolic genes in genomes of 38 strains of lactobacilli. Metabolic pathways for disaccharide metabolism often also enable the metabolism of tri- and tetrasaccharides. However, with the exception of amylase and levansucrase, metabolic enzymes for oligosaccharide conversion are intracellular and oligosaccharide metabolism is limited by transport. This general restriction to intracellular glycosyl hydrolases differentiates lactobacilli from other bacteria that adapted to intestinal habitats, particularly Bifidobacterium spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Gänzle
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rainer Follador
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Thompson J, Pikis A. Metabolism of sugars by genetically diverse species of oral Leptotrichia. Mol Oral Microbiol 2011; 27:34-44. [PMID: 22230464 DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1014.2011.00627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Leptotrichia buccalis ATCC 14201 is a gram-negative, anaerobic rod-shaped bacterium resident in oral biofilm at the tooth surface. The sequenced genome of this organism reveals three contiguous genes at loci: Lebu_1525, Lebu_1526 and Lebu_1527. The translation products of these genes exhibit significant homology with phospho-α-glucosidase (Pagl), a regulatory protein (GntR) and a phosphoenol pyruvate-dependent sugar transport protein (EIICB), respectively. In non-oral bacterial species, these genes comprise the sim operon that facilitates sucrose isomer metabolism. Growth studies showed that L. buccalis fermented a wide variety of carbohydrates, including four of the five isomers of sucrose. Growth on the isomeric disaccharides elicited expression of a 50-kDa polypeptide comparable in size to that encoded by Lebu_1525. The latter gene was cloned, and the expressed protein was purified to homogeneity from Escherichia coli TOP10 cells. In the presence of two cofactors, NAD(+) and Mn(2+) ions, the enzyme readily hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl-α-glucopyranoside 6-phosphate (pNPαG6P), a chromogenic analogue of the phosphorylated isomers of sucrose. By comparative sequence alignment, immunoreactivity and signature motifs, the enzyme can be assigned to the phospho-α-glucosidase (Pagl) clade of Family 4 of the glycosyl hydrolase super family. We suggest that the products of Lebu_1527 and Lebu_1525, catalyze the phosphorylative translocation and hydrolysis of sucrose isomers in L. buccalis, respectively. Four genetically diverse, but 16S rDNA-related, species of Leptotrichia have recently been described: L. goodfellowii, L. hofstadii, L. shahii and L. wadei. The phenotypic traits of these new species, with respect to carbohydrate utilization, have also been determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Thompson
- Microbial Biochemistry and Genetics Unit, Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hall BG, Pikis A, Thompson J. Evolution and biochemistry of family 4 glycosidases: implications for assigning enzyme function in sequence annotations. Mol Biol Evol 2009; 26:2487-97. [PMID: 19625389 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msp162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosyl hydrolase Family 4 (GH4) is exceptional among the 114 families in this enzyme superfamily. Members of GH4 exhibit unusual cofactor requirements for activity, and an essential cysteine residue is present at the active site. Of greatest significance is the fact that members of GH4 employ a unique catalytic mechanism for cleavage of the glycosidic bond. By phylogenetic analysis, and from available substrate specificities, we have assigned a majority of the enzymes of GH4 to five subgroups. Our classification revealed an unexpected relationship between substrate specificity and the presence, in each subgroup, of a motif of four amino acids that includes the active-site Cys residue: alpha-glucosidase, CHE(I/V); alpha-galactosidase, CHSV; alpha-glucuronidase, CHGx; 6-phospho-alpha-glucosidase, CDMP; and 6-phospho-beta-glucosidase, CN(V/I)P. The question arises: Does the presence of a particular motif sufficiently predict the catalytic function of an unassigned GH4 protein? To test this hypothesis, we have purified and characterized the alpha-glucoside-specific GH4 enzyme (PalH) from the phytopathogen, Erwinia rhapontici. The CHEI motif in this protein has been changed by site-directed mutagenesis, and the effects upon substrate specificity have been determined. The change to CHSV caused the loss of all alpha-glucosidase activity, but the mutant protein exhibited none of the anticipated alpha-galactosidase activity. The Cys-containing motif may be suggestive of enzyme specificity, but phylogenetic placement is required for confidence in that specificity. The Acholeplasma laidlawii GH4 protein is phylogenetically a phospho-beta-glucosidase but has a unique SSSP motif. Lacking the initial Cys in that motif it cannot hydrolyze glycosides by the normal GH4 mechanism because the Cys is required to position the metal ion for hydrolysis, nor can it use the more common single or double-displacement mechanism of Koshland. Several considerations suggest that the protein has acquired a new function as the consequence of positive selection. This study emphasizes the importance of automatic annotation systems that by integrating phylogenetic analysis, functional motifs, and bioinformatics data, may lead to innovative experiments that further our understanding of biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry G Hall
- Bellingham Research Institute, Bellingham, WA, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|