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Zhao B, Osbelt L, Lesker TR, Wende M, Galvez EJC, Hönicke L, Bublitz A, Greweling-Pils MC, Grassl GA, Neumann-Schaal M, Strowig T. Helicobacter spp. are prevalent in wild mice and protect from lethal Citrobacter rodentium infection in the absence of adaptive immunity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112549. [PMID: 37245209 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfer of the gut microbiota from wild to laboratory mice alters the host's immune status and enhances resistance to infectious and metabolic diseases, but understanding of which microbes and how they promote host fitness is only emerging. Our analysis of metagenomic sequencing data reveals that Helicobacter spp. are enriched in wild compared with specific-pathogen-free (SPF) and conventionally housed mice, with multiple species commonly co-colonizing their hosts. We create laboratory mice harboring three non-SPF Helicobacter spp. to evaluate their effect on mucosal immunity and colonization resistance to the enteropathogen Citrobacter rodentium. Our experiments reveal that Helicobacter spp. interfere with C. rodentium colonization and attenuate C. rodentium-induced gut inflammation in wild-type (WT) mice, even preventing lethal infection in Rag2-/- SPF mice. Further analyses suggest that Helicobacter spp. interfere with tissue attachment of C. rodentium, putatively by reducing the availability of mucus-derived sugars. These results unveil pivotal protective functions of wild mouse microbiota constituents against intestinal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhao
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lisa Osbelt
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; ESF International Graduate School on Analysis, Imaging, and Modelling of Neuronal and Inflammatory Processes, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Till Robin Lesker
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marie Wende
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; ESF International Graduate School on Analysis, Imaging, and Modelling of Neuronal and Inflammatory Processes, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eric J C Galvez
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lisa Hönicke
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Arne Bublitz
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Guntram A Grassl
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Meina Neumann-Schaal
- Bacterial Metabolomics, Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.
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Chen GY, Thorup NR, Miller AJ, Li YC, Ayres JS. Cooperation between physiological defenses and immune resistance produces asymptomatic carriage of a lethal bacterial pathogen. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg8719. [PMID: 37352357 PMCID: PMC10289649 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Animals evolved two defense strategies to survive infections. Antagonistic strategies include immune resistance mechanisms that operate to kill invading pathogens. Cooperative or physiological defenses mediate host adaptation to the infected state, limiting physiological damage and disease, without killing the pathogen, and have been shown to cause asymptomatic carriage and transmission of lethal pathogens. Here, we demonstrate that physiological defenses cooperate with the adaptive immune response to generate long-term asymptomatic carriage of the lethal enteric murine pathogen, Citrobacter rodentium. Asymptomatic carriage of genetically virulent C. rodentium provided immune resistance against subsequent infections. Immune protection was dependent on systemic antibody responses and pathogen virulence behavior rather than the recognition of specific virulent antigens. Last, we demonstrate that an avirulent strain of C. rodentium in the field has background mutations in genes that are important for LPS structure. Our work reveals insight into how asymptomatic infections can arise mechanistically with immune resistance, mediating exclusion of phenotypically virulent enteric pathogen to promote asymptomatic carriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grischa Y. Chen
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Natalia R. Thorup
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Abigail J. Miller
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yao-Cheng Li
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Janelle S. Ayres
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Suwandi A, Alvarez KG, Galeev A, Steck N, Riedel CU, Puente JL, Baines JF, Grassl GA. B4galnt2-mediated host glycosylation influences the susceptibility to Citrobacter rodentium infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:980495. [PMID: 36033875 PMCID: PMC9403859 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.980495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histo-blood group antigens in the intestinal mucosa play important roles in host–microbe interactions and modulate the susceptibility to enteric pathogens. The B4galnt2 gene, expressed in the GI tract of most mammals, including humans, encodes a beta-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase enzyme which catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of the Sd(a) and Cad blood group antigens by adding an N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue to the precursor molecules. In our study, we found that loss of B4galnt2 expression is associated with increased susceptibility to Citrobacter rodentium infection, a murine model pathogen for human enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. We observed increased histopathological changes upon C. rodentium infection in mice lacking B4galnt2 compared to B4galnt2-expressing wild-type mice. In addition, wild-type mice cleared the C. rodentium infection faster than B4galnt2−/− knockout mice. It is known that C. rodentium uses its type 1 fimbriae adhesive subunit to bind specifically to D-mannose residues on mucosal cells. Flow cytometry analysis of intestinal epithelial cells showed the absence of GalNAc-modified glycans but an increase in mannosylated glycans in B4galnt2-deficient mice compared to B4galnt2-sufficient mice. Adhesion assays using intestinal epithelial organoid-derived monolayers revealed higher C. rodentium adherence to cells lacking B4galnt2 expression compared to wild-type cells which in turn was reduced in the absence of type I fimbriae. In summary, we show that B4galnt2 expression modulates the susceptibility to C. rodentium infection, which is partly mediated by fimbriae-mannose interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhadi Suwandi
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Center of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kris Gerard Alvarez
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alibek Galeev
- Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Natalie Steck
- Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian U. Riedel
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - José Luis Puente
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - John F. Baines
- Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Guntram A. Grassl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Guntram A. Grassl,
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Serapio-Palacios A, Woodward SE, Vogt SL, Deng W, Creus-Cuadros A, Huus KE, Cirstea M, Gerrie M, Barcik W, Yu H, Finlay BB. Type VI secretion systems of pathogenic and commensal bacteria mediate niche occupancy in the gut. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110731. [PMID: 35476983 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a contractile nanomachine widely distributed among pathogenic and commensal Gram-negative bacteria. The T6SS is used for inter-bacterial competition to directly kill competing species; however, its importance during bacterial infection in vivo remains poorly understood. We report that the murine pathogen Citrobacter rodentium, used as a model for human pathogenic Escherichia coli, harbors two functional T6SSs. C. rodentium employs its T6SS-1 to colonize the murine gastrointestinal tract by targeting commensal Enterobacteriaceae. We identify VgrG1 as a C. rodentium T6SS antibacterial effector, which exhibits toxicity in E. coli. Conversely, commensal prey species E. coli Mt1B1 employs two T6SSs of its own to counter C. rodentium colonization. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the T6SS is a potent weapon during bacterial competition and is used by both invading pathogens and resident microbiota to fight for a niche in the hostile gut environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Serapio-Palacios
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sarah E Woodward
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Stefanie L Vogt
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Wanyin Deng
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Anna Creus-Cuadros
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kelsey E Huus
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Mihai Cirstea
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Madeleine Gerrie
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Weronika Barcik
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hongbing Yu
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - B Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Melchior K, Moreira CG. Novel non-flagellated surface motility mediated by chemical signaling in Citrobacter rodentium. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:881-886. [PMID: 31456170 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are human intestinal pathogens of clinical importance and their mechanism of pathogenicity is widely studied. However, both EHEC and EPEC poorly infect mice, whereas they do not develop important characteristics of the disease, hindering studies about mechanisms of virulence in vivo. Citrobacter rodentium exhibits high similarity of its genes with these human pathogens, including the island of pathogenicity Locus of Enterocyte Effacement (LEE). Therefore, C. rodentium becomes an alternative in vivo model for microorganisms that harbor LEE. The QseC directly regulates LEE as well as virulence mechanisms on these pathogens. Here, we report a novel surface motility in C. rodentium QseC-mediated in this non-flagellated bacterium. Moreover, we show norepinephrine and ethanolamine act as environmental signals in this movement. Hence, this study clarifies a novel role of the sensor QseC in completely unreported motility process of C. rodentium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Melchior
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú, Km 01, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Smith AD, Yan X, Chen C, Dawson HD, Bhagwat AA. Understanding the host-adapted state of Citrobacter rodentium by transcriptomic analysis. Arch Microbiol 2016; 198:353-62. [PMID: 26837900 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-016-1191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Citrobacter rodentium (Cr) is a mouse pathogen that mimics many aspects of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infections including producing attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions. Host-adapted (HA) Cr cells that are shed at the peak of infection have been reported to be hyper-infective. The exact mechanism underlying this phenomenon has remained elusive since the pathogen loses its HA 'status' immediately upon subculturing in laboratory media. We sequenced the entire transcriptome of Cr directly from the feces of infected mice and analyzed the gene expression pattern. We observed that the entire transcriptional machinery as well as several transcriptional regulators to be differentially expressed when compared with the transcriptome of cells grown on laboratory media. Major adhesion and effector genes, tir and eae, were highly expressed in HA along with many genes located on all five loci of enterocyte effacement regions (LEE 1-5). Notable absent among the HA expressed genes were 19 fimbrial operons and non-fimbrial adhesions and several non-LEE encoded effectors. These results demonstrate that host-adapted Cr has a unique transcriptome that is associated with increased host transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen D Smith
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave., B307C, Rm. 228, BARC-E, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Xianghe Yan
- Environmental, Microbial, and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Celine Chen
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave., B307C, Rm. 228, BARC-E, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Harry D Dawson
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave., B307C, Rm. 228, BARC-E, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Arvind A Bhagwat
- Environmental, Microbial, and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA
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