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Chlamydia abortus Isolation and Identification in Aborted Ovine Fetus in Mari El Republic of Russia. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121408. [PMID: 36558742 PMCID: PMC9784139 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive disorders, presumably caused by Chlamydia abortus, are common among the ovine population of the Mari El Republic, Russia. C. abortus infection was determined by serologic testing or isolation and detection of the organism by PCR and direct immunofluorescence in tissue samples. Rams, ewes, and lambs (10 individuals each) were randomly chosen for serological testing by the complement fixation test and 7 of 30 (23%) animals tested were positive. Tissue samples were collected from ewes and aborted fetuses for isolation by inoculating chicken embryo yolk sacs (n = 41). The same samples were analyzed by PCR using commercial and in-house PCR kits and by direct immunofluorescence. C. abortus was detected in 58.5% of samples using PCR and in 60.9% of the samples by direct immunofluorescence. Five Chlamydia isolates were cultured in egg yolk sacs and adapted for growth in cell cultures. Phylogenetic analysis showed no substantial difference between Russian isolates and those from other parts of the world. The results of the study further demonstrate the usefulness of PCR for detection of C. abortus as a faster, simpler, and more reliable approach in comparison to culturing the organism and underscoring the necessity of screening for chlamydiosis as a cause of ovine abortion.
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Longbottom D, Livingstone M, Ribeca P, Beeckman DSA, van der Ende A, Pannekoek Y, Vanrompay D. Whole genome de novo sequencing and comparative genomic analyses suggests that Chlamydia psittaci strain 84/2334 should be reclassified as Chlamydia abortus species. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:159. [PMID: 33676404 PMCID: PMC7937271 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlamydia abortus and Chlamydia psittaci are important pathogens of livestock and avian species, respectively. While C. abortus is recognized as descended from C. psittaci species, there is emerging evidence of strains that are intermediary between the two species, suggesting they are recent evolutionary ancestors of C. abortus. Such strains include C. psittaci strain 84/2334 that was isolated from a parrot. Our aim was to classify this strain by sequencing its genome and explore its evolutionary relationship to both C. abortus and C. psittaci. RESULTS In this study, methods based on multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of seven housekeeping genes and on typing of five species discriminant proteins showed that strain 84/2334 clustered with C. abortus species. Furthermore, whole genome de novo sequencing of the strain revealed greater similarity to C. abortus in terms of GC content, while 16S rRNA and whole genome phylogenetic analysis, as well as network and recombination analysis showed that the strain clusters more closely with C. abortus strains. The analysis also suggested a closer evolutionary relationship between this strain and the major C. abortus clade, than to two other intermediary avian C. abortus strains or C. psittaci strains. Molecular analyses of genes (polymorphic membrane protein and transmembrane head protein genes) and loci (plasticity zone), found in key virulence-associated regions that exhibit greatest diversity within and between chlamydial species, reveal greater diversity than present in sequenced C. abortus genomes as well as similar features to both C. abortus and C. psittaci species. The strain also possesses an extrachromosomal plasmid, as found in most C. psittaci species but absent from all sequenced classical C. abortus strains. CONCLUSION Overall, the results show that C. psittaci strain 84/2334 clusters very closely with C. abortus strains, and are consistent with the strain being a recent C. abortus ancestral species. This suggests that the strain should be reclassified as C. abortus. Furthermore, the identification of a C. abortus strain bearing an extra-chromosomal plasmid has implications for plasmid-based transformation studies to investigate gene function as well as providing a potential route for the development of a next generation vaccine to protect livestock from C. abortus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Longbottom
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK.
| | - Morag Livingstone
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Paolo Ribeca
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
| | - Delphine Sylvie Anne Beeckman
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Current address: BASF Belgium Coordination Center CommV - Innovation Center Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arie van der Ende
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Pannekoek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daisy Vanrompay
- Department of Animal Science and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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Whole-Genome Sequence of Chlamydia abortus Strain GN6 Isolated from Aborted Yak Fetus. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/35/e00893-17. [PMID: 28860251 PMCID: PMC5578849 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00893-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium Chlamydia abortus is one of the causative agents of abortion and fetal loss in sheep, goats, and cattle in many countries. It also affects the reproductivity of yaks (Bos grunniens). This study reports the whole-genome sequence of Chlamydia abortus strain GN6, which was isolated from aborted yak fetus in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China.
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Livingstone M, Wheelhouse N, Ensor H, Rocchi M, Maley S, Aitchison K, Wattegedera S, Wilson K, Sait M, Siarkou V, Vretou E, Entrican G, Dagleish M, Longbottom D. Pathogenic outcome following experimental infection of sheep with Chlamydia abortus variant strains LLG and POS. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177653. [PMID: 28494018 PMCID: PMC5426687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the pathogenesis of two variant strains (LLG and POS) of Chlamydia abortus, in comparison to a typical wild-type strain (S26/3) which is known to be responsible for late term abortion in small ruminants. Challenge with the three strains at mid-gestation resulted in similar pregnancy outcomes, with abortion occurring in approximately 50–60% of ewes with the mean gestational lengths also being similar. However, differences were observed in the severity of placental pathology, with infection appearing milder for strain LLG, which was reflected in the lower number of organisms shed in vaginal swabs post-partum and less gross pathology and organisms present in placental smears. Results for strain POS were somewhat different than LLG with a more focal restriction of infection observed. Post-abortion antibody responses revealed prominent differences in seropositivity to the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) present in elementary body (EB) preparations under denaturing conditions, most notably with anti-LLG and anti-POS convalescent sera where there was no or reduced detection of MOMP present in EBs derived from the three strains. These results and additional analysis of whole EB and chlamydial outer membrane complex preparations suggest that there are conformational differences in MOMP for the three strains. Overall, the results suggest that gross placental pathology and clinical outcome is not indicative of bacterial colonization and the severity of infection. The results also highlight potential conformational differences in MOMP epitopes that perhaps impact on disease diagnosis and the development of new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hannah Ensor
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mara Rocchi
- Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Maley
- Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Aitchison
- Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Wattegedera
- Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Wilson
- Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Sait
- Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Siarkou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Vretou
- Formerly Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Gary Entrican
- Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Dagleish
- Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - David Longbottom
- Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, Midlothian, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Seth-Smith HMB, Busó LS, Livingstone M, Sait M, Harris SR, Aitchison KD, Vretou E, Siarkou VI, Laroucau K, Sachse K, Longbottom D, Thomson NR. European Chlamydia abortus livestock isolate genomes reveal unusual stability and limited diversity, reflected in geographical signatures. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:344. [PMID: 28472926 PMCID: PMC5415952 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3657-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chlamydia abortus (formerly Chlamydophila abortus) is an economically important livestock pathogen, causing ovine enzootic abortion (OEA), and can also cause zoonotic infections in humans affecting pregnancy outcome. Large-scale genomic studies on other chlamydial species are giving insights into the biology of these organisms but have not yet been performed on C. abortus. Our aim was to investigate a broad collection of European isolates of C. abortus, using next generation sequencing methods, looking at diversity, geographic distribution and genome dynamics. Results Whole genome sequencing was performed on our collection of 57 C. abortus isolates originating primarily from the UK, Germany, France and Greece, but also from Tunisia, Namibia and the USA. Phylogenetic analysis of a total of 64 genomes shows a deep structural division within the C. abortus species with a major clade displaying limited diversity, in addition to a branch carrying two more distantly related Greek isolates, LLG and POS. Within the major clade, seven further phylogenetic groups can be identified, demonstrating geographical associations. The number of variable nucleotide positions across the sampled isolates is significantly lower than those published for C. trachomatis and C. psittaci. No recombination was identified within C. abortus, and no plasmid was found. Analysis of pseudogenes showed lineage specific loss of some functions, notably with several Pmp and TMH/Inc proteins predicted to be inactivated in many of the isolates studied. Conclusions The diversity within C. abortus appears to be much lower compared to other species within the genus. There are strong geographical signatures within the phylogeny, indicating clonal expansion within areas of limited livestock transport. No recombination has been identified within this species, showing that different species of Chlamydia may demonstrate different evolutionary dynamics, and that the genome of C. abortus is highly stable. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3657-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M B Seth-Smith
- Pathogen Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK.,Current Address: Universitätsspital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Current Address: Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leonor Sánchez Busó
- Pathogen Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - M Livingstone
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - M Sait
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK.,Current Address: Microbiological Diagnostic Unit, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - S R Harris
- Pathogen Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - K D Aitchison
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Evangelia Vretou
- Retired: Formerly Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, 115 21, Greece
| | - V I Siarkou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - K Laroucau
- Anses, Animal Health Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonoses Unit, University Paris-Est, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - K Sachse
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Current Address: RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Leutragraben 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - D Longbottom
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - N R Thomson
- Pathogen Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK.
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Singh G, Sharma D, Singh V, Rani J, Marotta F, Kumar M, Mal G, Singh B. In silico functional elucidation of uncharacterized proteins of Chlamydia abortus strain LLG. Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO169. [PMID: 28344832 PMCID: PMC5351547 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2016-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study reports structural modeling, molecular dynamics profiling of hypothetical proteins in Chlamydia abortus genome database. METHODOLOGY The hypothetical protein sequences were extracted from C. abortus LLG Genome Database for functional elucidation using in silico methods. RESULTS Fifty-one proteins with their roles in defense, binding and transporting other biomolecules were unraveled. Forty-five proteins were found to be nonhomologous to proteins present in hosts infected by C. abortus. Of these, 31 proteins were related to virulence. The structural modeling of two proteins, first, WP_006344020.1 (phosphorylase) and second, WP_006344325.1 (chlamydial protease/proteasome-like activity factor) were accomplished. The conserved active sites necessary for the catalytic function were analyzed. CONCLUSION The finally concluded proteins are envisioned as possible targets for developing drugs to curtail chlamydial infections, however, and should be validated by molecular biological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Singh
- Centre for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur 176206, India
| | - Dixit Sharma
- Centre for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur 176206, India
| | - Vikram Singh
- Centre for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur 176206, India
| | - Jyoti Rani
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Francessco Marotta
- ReGenera Research Group of Aging-Intervention & Montenapoleone Medical Centre, Milano, Italy
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Gorakh Mal
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur 176061, India
| | - Birbal Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur 176061, India
- *Author for correspondence:
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Van Lent S, Creasy HH, Myers GS, Vanrompay D. The Number, Organization, and Size of Polymorphic Membrane Protein Coding Sequences as well as the Most Conserved Pmp Protein Differ within and across Chlamydia Species. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 26:333-44. [DOI: 10.1159/000447092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation is a central trait of the polymorphic membrane protein (Pmp) family. The number of <i>pmp</i> coding sequences differs between <i>Chlamydia</i> species, but it is unknown whether the number of <i>pmp</i> coding sequences is constant within a <i>Chlamydia</i> species. The level of conservation of the Pmp proteins has previously only been determined for <i>Chlamydia trachomatis.</i> As different Pmp proteins might be indispensible for the pathogenesis of different <i>Chlamydia </i>species, this study investigated the conservation of Pmp proteins both within and across <i>C. trachomatis,</i><i>C. pneumoniae,</i><i>C. abortus,</i> and <i>C. psittaci.</i> The <i>pmp</i> coding sequences were annotated in 16 <i>C. trachomatis,</i> 6 <i>C. pneumoniae,</i> 2 <i>C. abortus,</i> and 16 <i>C. psittaci</i> genomes. The number and organization of polymorphic membrane coding sequences differed within and across the analyzed <i>Chlamydia </i>species. The length of coding sequences of <i>pmpA,</i><i>pmpB,</i> and <i>pmpH</i> was conserved among all analyzed genomes, while the length of <i>pmpE/F</i> and <i>pmpG,</i> and remarkably also of the subtype <i>pmpD,</i> differed among the analyzed genomes. PmpD, PmpA, PmpH, and PmpA were the most conserved Pmp in <i>C. trachomatis,</i><i>C. pneumoniae,</i><i>C. abortus,</i> and <i>C. psittaci</i>, respectively. PmpB was the most conserved Pmp across the 4 analyzed <i>Chlamydia</i> species.
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Jelocnik M, Bachmann NL, Seth-Smith H, Thomson NR, Timms P, Polkinghorne AM. Molecular characterisation of the Chlamydia pecorum plasmid from porcine, ovine, bovine, and koala strains indicates plasmid-strain co-evolution. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1661. [PMID: 26870613 PMCID: PMC4748734 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Highly stable, evolutionarily conserved, small, non-integrative plasmids are commonly found in members of the Chlamydiaceae and, in some species, these plasmids have been strongly linked to virulence. To date, evidence for such a plasmid in Chlamydia pecorum has been ambiguous. In a recent comparative genomic study of porcine, ovine, bovine, and koala C. pecorum isolates, we identified plasmids (pCpec) in a pig and three koala strains, respectively. Screening of further porcine, ovine, bovine, and koala C. pecorum isolates for pCpec showed that pCpec is common, but not ubiquitous in C. pecorum from all of the infected hosts. Methods. We used a combination of (i) bioinformatic mining of previously sequenced C. pecorum genome data sets and (ii) pCpec PCR-amplicon sequencing to characterise a further 17 novel pCpecs in C. pecorum isolates obtained from livestock, including pigs, sheep, and cattle, as well as those from koala. Results and Discussion. This analysis revealed that pCpec is conserved with all eight coding domain sequences (CDSs) present in isolates from each of the hosts studied. Sequence alignments revealed that the 21 pCpecs show 99% nucleotide sequence identity, with 83 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) shown to differentiate all of the plasmids analysed in this study. SNPs were found to be mostly synonymous and were distributed evenly across all eight pCpec CDSs as well as in the intergenic regions. Although conserved, analyses of the 21 pCpec sequences resolved plasmids into 12 distinct genotypes, with five shared between pCpecs from different isolates, and the remaining seven genotypes being unique to a single pCpec. Phylogenetic analysis revealed congruency and co-evolution of pCpecs with their cognate chromosome, further supporting polyphyletic origin of the koala C. pecorum. This study provides further understanding of the complex epidemiology of this pathogen in livestock and koala hosts and paves the way for studies to evaluate the function of this putative C. pecorum virulence factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Jelocnik
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast , Sippy Downs, Queensland , Australia
| | - Nathan L Bachmann
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast , Sippy Downs, Queensland , Australia
| | - Helena Seth-Smith
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Nicholas R Thomson
- Infection Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Peter Timms
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast , Sippy Downs, Queensland , Australia
| | - Adam M Polkinghorne
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast , Sippy Downs, Queensland , Australia
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10
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Wu H, Wang C, Jiang C, Xie Y, Liu L, Song Y, Ma X, Wu Y. Localization and characterization of two putative TMH family proteins in Chlamydia psittaci. Microbiol Res 2015; 183:19-25. [PMID: 26805615 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci), an obligate intracellular agent of psittacosis, causes an atypical pneumonia in humans. The transmembrane head proteins (TMH) of C. psittaci, putatively belong to the Inc family and presumably play similar roles. CPSIT_0844 and CPSIT_0846 were the putative TMH proteins of C. psittaci. To identify these two proteins, antisera were raised with fusion proteins which were prokaryotic expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. By immunofluorescence assay, CPSIT_0844 and CPSIT_0846 were localized in the inclusion membrane of C. psittaci-infected cells. By RT-PCR and western blot analysis to detect the temporal expression, CPSIT_0844 and CPSIT_0846 were detected as early as 12h post-infection (p.i.) and 6h p.i., separately; meanwhile, in secretions monitored with immunofluorescence assay, these proteins were observed in the inclusion membrane at 18h p.i. and remained in the inclusion membrane throughout the growth cycle. CPSIT_0844 and CPSIT_0846 could specifically be recognized by the antiserum of C. psittaci but failed to react with the antiserums of Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae, which is consistent with the fact that they had no significant orthologs in C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae. These results revealed that CPSIT_0844 and CPSIT_0846, the putative TMH family proteins, might be unique to C. psittaci and could be used to diagnose the infection caused by C. psittaci. Moreover, CPSIT_0844 and CPSIT_0846 could induce the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in THP-1 cells, which might contribute to chlamydia-induced inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang 421001, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Chuanhao Jiang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yafeng Xie
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Liangzhuan Liu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ying Song
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yimou Wu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang 421001, China.
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Siarkou VI, Vorimore F, Vicari N, Magnino S, Rodolakis A, Pannekoek Y, Sachse K, Longbottom D, Laroucau K. Diversification and Distribution of Ruminant Chlamydia abortus Clones Assessed by MLST and MLVA. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126433. [PMID: 26001070 PMCID: PMC4441495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia abortus, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is the most common infectious cause of abortion in small ruminants worldwide and has zoonotic potential. We applied multilocus sequence typing (MLST) together with multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) to genotype 94 ruminant C. abortus strains, field isolates and samples collected from 1950 to 2011 in diverse geographic locations, with the aim of delineating C. abortus lineages and clones. MLST revealed the previously identified sequence types (STs) ST19, ST25, ST29 and ST30, plus ST86, a recently-assigned type on the Chlamydiales MLST website and ST87, a novel type harbouring the hemN_21 allele, whereas MLVA recognized seven types (MT1 to MT7). Minimum-spanning-tree analysis suggested that all STs but one (ST30) belonged to a single clonal complex, possibly reflecting the short evolutionary timescale over which the predicted ancestor (ST19) has diversified into three single-locus variants (ST86, ST87 and ST29) and further, through ST86 diversification, into one double-locus variant (ST25). ST descendants have probably arisen through a point mutation evolution mode. Interestingly, MLVA showed that in the ST19 population there was a greater genetic diversity than in other STs, most of which exhibited the same MT over time and geographical distribution. However, the evolutionary pathways of C. abortus STs seem to be diverse across geographic distances with individual STs restricted to particular geographic locations. The ST30 singleton clone displaying geographic specificity and represented by the Greek strains LLG and POS was effectively distinguished from the clonal complex lineage, supporting the notion that possibly two separate host adaptations and hence independent bottlenecks of C. abortus have occurred through time. The combination of MLST and MLVA assays provides an additional level of C. abortus discrimination and may prove useful for the investigation and surveillance of emergent C. abortus clonal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria I. Siarkou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- * E-mail: (KL); (VIS)
| | - Fabien Vorimore
- Anses, Animal Health Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonoses Unit, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nadia Vicari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Sezione Diagnostica di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Magnino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Sezione Diagnostica di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Annie Rodolakis
- INRA, Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France
| | - Yvonne Pannekoek
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Konrad Sachse
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany
| | - David Longbottom
- Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Karine Laroucau
- Anses, Animal Health Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonoses Unit, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
- * E-mail: (KL); (VIS)
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Fisher DJ, Fernández RE, Adams NE, Maurelli AT. Uptake of biotin by Chlamydia Spp. through the use of a bacterial transporter (BioY) and a host-cell transporter (SMVT). PLoS One 2012; 7:e46052. [PMID: 23029384 PMCID: PMC3459881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia spp. are obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterial pathogens that cause disease in humans and animals. Minor variations in metabolic capacity between species have been causally linked to host and tissue tropisms. Analysis of the highly conserved genomes of Chlamydia spp. reveals divergence in the metabolism of the essential vitamin biotin with genes for either synthesis (bioF_2ADB) and/or transport (bioY). Streptavidin blotting confirmed the presence of a single biotinylated protein in Chlamydia. As a first step in unraveling the need for divergent biotin acquisition strategies, we examined BioY (CTL0613) from C. trachomatis 434/Bu which is annotated as an S component of the type II energy coupling-factor transporters (ECF). Type II ECFs are typically composed of a transport specific component (S) and a chromosomally unlinked energy module (AT). Intriguingly, Chlamydia lack recognizable AT modules. Using 3H-biotin and recombinant E. coli expressing CTL0613, we demonstrated that biotin was transported with high affinity (a property of Type II ECFs previously shown to require an AT module) and capacity (apparent K(m) of 3.35 nM and V(max) of 55.1 pmol×min−1×mg−1). Since Chlamydia reside in a host derived membrane vacuole, termed an inclusion, we also sought a mechanism for transport of biotin from the cell cytoplasm into the inclusion vacuole. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that the mammalian sodium multivitamin transporter (SMVT), which transports lipoic acid, biotin, and pantothenic acid into cells, localizes to the inclusion. Since Chlamydia also are auxotrophic for lipoic and pantothenic acids, SMVT may be subverted by Chlamydia to move multiple essential compounds into the inclusion where BioY and another transporter(s) would be present to facilitate transport into the bacterium. Collectively, our data validates the first BioY from a pathogenic organism and describes a two-step mechanism by which Chlamydia transport biotin from the host cell into the bacterial cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J. Fisher
- Department of Microbiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Reinaldo E. Fernández
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nancy E. Adams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anthony T. Maurelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nelson OW, Garrity GM. Genome sequences of Bacteria and Archaea published outside of Standards in Genomic Sciences, June – September 2011. Stand Genomic Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.4056/sigs.2324675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oranmiyan W. Nelson
- 1Editorial Office, Standards in Genomic Sciences and Department of Microbiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - George M. Garrity
- 1Editorial Office, Standards in Genomic Sciences and Department of Microbiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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