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Du X, Mullins JT. Ca2+-induced sporulation inAchlya bisexualis: reserve 1,3-β-glucans provide both carbon and phosphorus. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1998.12026996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- Department of Botany, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-8526
| | - J. Thomas Mullins
- Department of Botany, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-8526
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Musgrave
- Plantenfysiologisch Laboratorium; Universiteit van Amsterdam
| | - Loes Ero
- Plantenfysiologisch Laboratorium; Universiteit van Amsterdam
| | - R. Scheffer
- Plantenfysiologisch Laboratorium; Universiteit van Amsterdam
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Daugherty J, Evans TM, Skillom T, Watson LE, Money NP. Evolution of spore release mechanisms in the saprolegniaceae (Oomycetes): evidence from a phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer sequences. Fungal Genet Biol 1998; 24:354-63. [PMID: 9756716 DOI: 10.1006/fgbi.1998.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Classical studies on spore release within the Saprolegniaceae (Oomycetes) led to the proposition that different mechanisms of sporangial emptying represent steps in an evolutionary transition series. We have reevaluated this idea in a phylogenetic framework using internal transcribed spacer sequences of four genera. These data were compared with the response to osmotic stress exhibited by each taxon. Saprolegnia emerges as the most basal genus, sister to Achlya, Thraustotheca, and Dictyuchus. Achlya and Thraustotheca are most closely related, while Dictyuchus appears to have evolved along a separate evolutionary lineage. The resulting phylogenetic framework is consistent with the idea that the mechanism of sporangial emptying exhibited by Saprolegnia represents the plesiomorphic condition from which the other mechanisms were derived independently. These alternative mechanisms of spore release may have resulted from a small number of mutations that inhibited axonemal development and altered the temporal and spatial expression of lytic enzymes that degrade the sporangial wall. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Daugherty
- Department of Botany, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA
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El-Hissy FT, El-Nagdy MA, El-Sharouny HM, Abd-Elaah GA. Effect of the fungicide chlorothalonil (Bravo) on some metabolic activities of aquatic fungi. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02814220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Adams TH, Timberlake WE. Developmental repression of growth and gene expression in Aspergillus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87:5405-9. [PMID: 2196567 PMCID: PMC54333 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.14.5405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Asexual reproductive development can be initiated in Aspergillus nidulans in the presence of excess nutrients through artificial induction of the developmental regulatory genes brlA or abaA by fusing the genes to the promoter from the alcohol dehydrogenase I gene (alcA) and culturing cells in the presence of an inducing alcohol. Artificially induced development completely inhibits growth and represses expression of the endogenous alcA gene and the coordinately controlled aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (aldA). Repression of alcA and aldA expression probably occurs at both the transcriptional and posttranslational levels. We propose that developmental induction results in a generalized metabolic shutdown, leading to an inability of cells to acquire nutrients from the growth medium. Self-imposed nutrient limitation could reinforce the primary developmental stimulus and ensure progression through the asexual reproductive pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Adams
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens 30602
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Hansberg W, Aguirre J. Hyperoxidant states cause microbial cell differentiation by cell isolation from dioxygen. J Theor Biol 1990; 142:201-21. [PMID: 2352433 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5193(05)80222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A general theory giving an explanation of microbial cell differentiation is presented. Based on experimental results, an unstable hyperoxidant state is postulated to trigger differentiation. Simple rules, involving the reduction of dioxygen and the isolation from dioxygen by diverse mechanisms, are proposed to govern transitions between the growth state and the differentiated states. With this view, common features of microbial differentiation processes, dimorphic growth, cell differentiation in dioxygen evolving phototrophs and in anaerobes are analyzed. The theory could have implications for understanding cell differentiation in higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Hansberg
- Centro de Investigación sobre Fijación de Nitrógeno, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos
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8
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Manavathu EK, Suryanarayana K, Hasnain SE, Leung WC. Presence of DNA sequence homologous toRAS gene in the aquatic fungusAchlya ambisexualis: Possible role in sporangiogenesis. Curr Microbiol 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01589449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Manavathu EK, Suryanarayana K, Hasnain SE, Leung M, Lau YF, Leung WC. Expression of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene in aquatic filamentous fungus Achlya ambisexualis. Gene 1987; 57:53-9. [PMID: 2828182 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(87)90176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have constructed a plasmid vector pSV2neo-MK alpha G in which the structural tk gene for Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) was placed downstream from the metallothionein-I promoter. The vector also contained the selection marker aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase (Km). This vector was able to transform the filamentous fungus Achlya ambisexualis and G-418-resistant colonies were obtained. Southern blot analyses revealed that multiple bands hybridizing to the HSV tk gene probe were present in the genomic DNA of the transformants. Upon analysis by gel electrophoresis, one of the transformants exhibited TK activity bearing electrophoretic mobility similar to that of the HSV-TK. An increase of approx. 40% of [3H]thymidine uptake and incorporation into cellular DNA was also observed in this transformant. This study suggested that the HSV tk gene can be expressed in the fungus A. ambisexualis that can be considered as a candidate host cell for further gene-expression studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Manavathu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Cottingham CK, Mullins JT. The Preliminary Characterization of the β-Glucosidases in Achlya Ambisexualis. Mycologia 1985. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1985.12025115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Thomas Mullins
- Department of Botany, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
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Le´John HB. Degradation of rRNA and poly(A)+ RNA during isolation fromAchlya klebsiana prevented by alkaline pH not ribonuclease inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0147-5975(85)90048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gwynne DI, Brandhorst BP. Changes in gene expression during sporangium formation in Achlya ambisexualis. Dev Biol 1982; 91:263-77. [PMID: 6178631 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(82)90033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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16
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Barstow WE, Lovett JS. Ultrastructure of a reduced developmental cycle (minicycle) in Blastocladiella emersonii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0147-5975(78)80028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Khandjian EW, Turian G. Release of RNA--DNA-protein complex during differentiation of the water mould Allomyces arbuscula. CELL DIFFERENTIATION 1976; 5:171-88. [PMID: 1033039 DOI: 10.1016/0045-6039(76)90019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A correlation between release of a nucleic acid protein complex into the external medium and sporangial differentiation was found. Conditions preventing differentiation also stopped the release. Lethal lysis is not involved in this release process. Extracellular nucleic acids are very heterogenous, consisting of nucleotides as well as acid-precipitable nucleic acids. RNA was found to be associated with proteins and a hetero-duplex RNA--DNA associated with this nucleoprotein. Some speculations are presented about possible correlation between the release of nucleoprotein complexes and the intracellular events of differentiation.
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Sutherland RB, Schuerch BM, Ball SF, Horgen PA. The development patterns of lysosomal enzyme activities during Ca2+-induced sporangium formation in Achyla bisexualis. III. Ribonucleases. Arch Microbiol 1976; 109:289-94. [PMID: 984998 DOI: 10.1007/bf00446640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present paper describes intracellular changes in ribonuclease specific activity during Ca2+-induced sporangium formation in the water mold Achyla bisexualis. The enzymes undergo a decrease in activity prior to crosswall formation followed by an increase in activity during spore cleavage. As spore discharge occurs the RNase activity again decreases. A large percentage of the nuclease activity is associated with a lysosomal-like fraction of the cell, but there is also considerably activity associated with nuclear and microsomal fractions. Addition of cycloheximide or actinomycin D at various times during development prevents further decrease or increase in the enzyme activity. Mixing of cell extracts from different developmental stages provides evidence that inhibitors or activators of the enzyme activity are not responsible for the activity levels evident at the different stages. There is a change in the total levels of presumptive mRNA during Ca2+-induced sporangial formation which appears to be associated with the patterns of RNase activity. Utilizing total cellular RNA and Poly(A)+ RNA with the crude ribonuclease preparations, no substrate specificity could be ascertained.
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Lovett JS. Growth and differentiation of the water mold Blastocladiella emersonii: cytodifferentiation and the role of ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis. BACTERIOLOGICAL REVIEWS 1975; 39:345-404. [PMID: 1108867 PMCID: PMC408340 DOI: 10.1128/br.39.4.345-404.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Musgrave A, Nieuwenhuis D. Metabolism of radioactive antheridiol by Achlya species. Arch Microbiol 1975. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00447151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The developmental patterns of lysosomal enzyme activities during Ca++-induced sporangium formation in Achlya bisexualis. Arch Microbiol 1975. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00428338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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O'Day DH, Horgen PA. The developmental patterns of lysosomal enzyme activities during Ca2+-induced sporangium formation in Achlya bisexualis. I. Acid phosphatase. Dev Biol 1974; 39:116-24. [PMID: 4836529 DOI: 10.1016/s0012-1606(74)80013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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23
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Timberlake WE, Griffin DH. Differential effects of cycloheximide and other inhibitors of protein synthesis on in vivo ribosomal RNA synthesis in Achlya bisexualis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 353:248-52. [PMID: 4842020 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(74)90189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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24
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Timberlake WE, Griffin DH. Differential effects of analogs of cycloheximide on protein and RNA synthesis in Achlya. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 349:39-46. [PMID: 11400436 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(74)90006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Analogs of the glutarimide antibiotic cycloheximide were tested for their effect on growth and incorporation of proline and uridine into acid-insoluble material in Achlya bisexualis. Each of the compounds tested had reduced antibiotic activity as compared to cycloheximide. The effects of the antibiotics on protein and RNA synthesis were varied. While cycloheximide inhibited both protein and RNA synthesis immediately, two of the analogs inhibited proline incorporation without effect on uridine incorporation, while three, each representing a modification of the hydroxyl of cycloheximide, stimulated uridine incorporation and either had no effect on or inhibited protein synthesis. These results indicate that the control of RNA synthesis by protein synthesis in Achlya can be released by glutarimide antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Timberlake
- Department of Botany, State University College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
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