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Dykstra CM, Pavlostathis SG. Hydrogen sulfide affects the performance of a methanogenic bioelectrochemical system used for biogas upgrading. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 200:117268. [PMID: 34098269 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Methanogenic bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) can convert carbon dioxide (CO2) to methane (CH4) and may be used for anaerobic digester biogas upgrading. However, the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a common biogas component, on BES performance is unknown. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the effect of H2S addition to the cathode headspace on BES performance at a range of initial gas-phase H2S concentrations (0-6% v/v), as well as its effect on the anode and cathode microbial communities. As the initial cathode headspace H2S increased from 0 to 2% (v/v), biocathodic CH4 production increased by two-fold to 3.56 ± 0.36 mmol/L-d, due to dissolved H2S transport from the cathode to the anode where H2S was oxidized. Elemental sulfur and sulfate were H2S oxidation products detected in the anode. Above 3% initial cathode headspace H2S, biocathodic CH4 production declined due to inhibition. A phylotype most closely related to Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus dominated the cathode archaeal communities. In the sulfide-amended BES, a phylotype similar to the exoelectrogen Ochrobactrum anthropi was enriched in both the anode and cathode, whereas phylotypes related to sulfate-reducing and sulfur oxidizing Bacteria were detected in the bioanode. Thus, sulfide transport and oxidation in the anode play an important role in methanogenic BESs treating sulfide-bearing biogas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy M Dykstra
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332-0512, United States; Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, United States.
| | - Spyros G Pavlostathis
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332-0512, United States
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2
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Insights into growth kinetics and roles of enzymes of Krebs' cycle and sulfur oxidation during exochemolithoheterotrophic growth of Achromobacter aegrifaciens NCCB 38021 on succinate with thiosulfate as the auxiliary electron donor. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:561-578. [PMID: 32989476 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Achromobacter aegrifaciens NCCB 38021 was grown heterotrophically on succinate versus exochemolithoheterotrophically on succinate with thiosulfate as auxiliary electron donor. In batch culture, no significant differences in specific molar growth yield or specific growth rate were found for the two growth conditions, but in continuous culture in the succinate-limited chemostat, the maximum specific growth yield coefficient increased by 23.3% with thiosulfate present, consistent with previous studies of endo- and exochemolithoheterotrophs and thermodynamic predictions. Thiosulfate oxidation was coupled to respiration at cytochrome c551, and thiosulfate-dependent ATP biosynthesis occurred. Specific activities of cytochrome c-linked thiosulfate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.8.2.2) and two other enzymes of sulfur metabolism were significantly higher in exochemolithoheterotrophically grown cell extracts, while those of succinyl-transferring 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.2.4.2), fumarate hydratase (E.C. 4.2.1.2) and malate dehydrogenase (NAD+, E.C. 1.1.1.37) were significantly lower-presumably owing to less need to generate reducing equivalents during Krebs' cycle, since they could be produced from thiosulfate oxidation.
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3
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Lin S, Hao T, Li X, Xiao Y, Chen G. Pin-point denitrification for groundwater purification without direct chemical dosing: Demonstration of a two-chamber sulfide-driven denitrifying microbial electrochemical system. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 182:115918. [PMID: 32531495 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The nitrate concentration in groundwater has been increasing over time due to the intensive use of nitrogen fertilizer. Current nitrate removal technologies are restricted by the high operational cost or the inevitable secondary contaminations. This study proposed a two-chamber sulfide-driven denitrifying microbial electrochemical system to denitrify nitrate in its cathode chamber. Instead of conventional organic substrates, sulfide is oxidized in the anode chamber to generate electrons for cathodic denitrification. Long-term performance of this novel system was evaluated over 200 days (100 cycles) of batch-fed operation. With the assistance of anodic microorganisms, sulfide can be directly oxidized to sulfate thus avoiding passivating the anode. Catalyzed by the cathodic microorganisms, complete denitrification was realized with neither nitrite nor nitrous oxide accumulation. Benefiting from the electroautotrophic behavior of the functional microorganisms, high electron utilization efficiencies were achieved, 80% and 85% for the anode (sulfide oxidation) and the cathode (denitrification) respectively. Both observed electrode potentials and microbial analyses revealed that cytochrome c is the crucial electron transfer mediator in the cathodic electron transfer for denitrification. Based on the analysis of planktonic and biofilm microbial samples, anodic and cathodic extracellular electron transfer bioprocesses are proposed, both the direct and mediated electron transfers involved, as were revealed by immobilized and planktonic functional microorganisms, respectively. This study demonstrates the feasibility of purifying nitrate-contaminated groundwater without sacrificing its water quality in a separate mode of treatment. This concept can be extended to a broader field, in which the water requires bio-polishing without introducing unwanted secondary pollution like the post-denitrification of wastewater effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau.
| | - Xiling Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yihang Xiao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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4
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Xie E, Li F, Wang C, Shi W, Huang C, Fa K, Zhao X, Zhang D. Roles of sulfur compounds in growth and alkaline phosphatase activities of Microcystis aeruginosa under phosphorus deficiency stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:21533-21541. [PMID: 32279264 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis aeruginosa is one of the most common algae found in eutrophicated water bodies. Alkaline phosphatase (AKP) can be produced by Microcystis aeruginosa to utilize organic phosphates under phosphorus deficiency stress, thereby AKP can be regarded as an important indicator for algal growth. Sulfur compounds are ubiquitous in waters, while investigation on the interactions between sulfur compounds and Microcystis aeruginosa is limited. In this work, we introduced 33 types of sulfur compounds to culture Microcystis aeruginosa, and the results demonstrated that algal growth is positively related to AKP activities. Toxicity of organic sulfur compounds was further evaluated using Toxicity Estimation Software Tool based on quantitative structure-activity relationship prediction. The algal growth results exhibited strong correlation to the toxicity endpoints suggesting the organic sulfur compounds inhibits the algal growth as toxic matters. K-means cluster analyses have been carried out subsequently via Python based on the results of algal growth and AKP activities of each sample and statistically, the sulfur compounds can be adequately clustered into 2 groups. According to clustering results, sulfonic acids exhibit low toxicity while sulfur amino acids can be considered as more toxic compounds. Graphical abstract Varied sulfur compounds (33 types) were investigated to find out the interactions between them and Microcystis aeruginosa, a common alga. K-means cluster and correlation analyses demonstrate that algal growth and alkaline phosphatase activities exhibited strong correlation to the predicted toxicity endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Xie
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Li
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaozi Wang
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, UC Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Huang
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyu Fa
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao Zhao
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dayi Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
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5
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Robinson JL, Brynildsen MP. Discovery and dissection of metabolic oscillations in the microaerobic nitric oxide response network of Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E1757-66. [PMID: 26951670 PMCID: PMC4812703 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1521354113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The virulence of many pathogens depends upon their ability to cope with immune-generated nitric oxide (NO·). In Escherichia coli, the major NO· detoxification systems are Hmp, an NO· dioxygenase (NOD), and NorV, an NO· reductase (NOR). It is well established that Hmp is the dominant system under aerobic conditions, whereas NorV dominates anaerobic conditions; however, the quantitative contributions of these systems under the physiologically relevant microaerobic regime remain ill defined. Here, we investigated NO· detoxification in environments ranging from 0 to 50 μM O2, and discovered a regime in which E. coli NO· defenses were severely compromised, as well as conditions that exhibited oscillations in the concentration of NO·. Using an integrated computational and experimental approach, E. coli NO· detoxification was found to be extremely impaired at low O2 due to a combination of its inhibitory effects on NorV, Hmp, and translational activities, whereas oscillations were found to result from a kinetic competition for O2 between Hmp and respiratory cytochromes. Because at least 777 different bacterial species contain the genetic requirements of this stress response oscillator, we hypothesize that such oscillatory behavior could be a widespread phenomenon. In support of this hypothesis,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, whose respiratory and NO· response networks differ considerably from those of E. coli, was found to exhibit analogous oscillations in low O2 environments. This work provides insight into how bacterial NO· defenses function under the low O2 conditions that are likely to be encountered within host environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Robinson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Mark P Brynildsen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
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6
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Prachakittikul P, Wantawin C, Noophan PL, Boonapatcharoen N. ANAMMOX-like performances for nitrogen removal from ammonium-sulfate-rich wastewater in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2015; 51:220-228. [PMID: 26634619 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1094336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium removal by the ANaerobic AMonium OXidation (ANAMMOX) process was observed through the Sulfate-Reducing Ammonium Oxidation (SRAO) process. The same concentration of ammonium (100 mg N L(-1)) was applied to two anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (AnSBRs) that were inoculated with the same activated sludge from the Vermicelli wastewater treatment process, while nitrite was fed in ANAMMOX and sulfate in SRAO reactors. In SRAO-AnSBR, in substrates that were fed with a ratio of NH4(+)/SO4(2-) at 1:0.4 ± 0.03, a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 48 h and without sludge draining, the Ammonium Removal Rate (ARR) was 0.02 ± 0.01 kg N m(-3).d(-1). Adding specific ANAMMOX substrates to SRAO-AnSBR sludge in batch tests results in specific ammonium and nitrite removal rates of 0.198 and 0.139 g N g(-1) VSS.d, respectively, indicating that the ANAMMOX activity contributes to the removal of ammonium in the SRAO process using the nitrite that is produced from SRAO. Nevertheless, the inability of ANAMMOX to utilize sulfate to oxidize ammonium was also investigated in batch tests by augmenting enriched ANAMMOX culture in SRAO-AnSBR sludge and without nitrite supply. The time course of sulfate in a 24-hour cycle of SRAO-AnSBR showed an increase in sulfate after 6 h. For enriched SRAO culture, the uptake molar ratio of NH4(+)/SO4(2-) at 8 hours in a batch test was 1:0.82 lower than the value of 1:0.20 ± 0.09 as obtained in an SRAO-AnSBR effluent, while the stoichiometric ratio of 1:0.5 that includes the ANAMMOX reaction was in this range. After a longer operation of more than 2 years without sludge draining, the accumulation of sulfate and the reduction of ammonium removal were observed, probably due to the gradual increase in the sulfur denitrification rate and the competitive use of nitrite with ANAMMOX. The 16S rRNA gene PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and PCR cloning analyses resulted in the detection of the ANAMMOX bacterium (Candidatus Brocadia sinica JPN1) Desulfacinum subterraneum belonging to the genus Desulfacinum and bacteria that are involved in sulfur metabolism (Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain SBTPe-001 and Paracoccus denitrificans strain IAM12479) in SRAO-AnSBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pensiri Prachakittikul
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology-Thonburi , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Chalermraj Wantawin
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology-Thonburi , Bangkok , Thailand
- b Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), King Mongkut's University of Technology-Thonburi , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Pongsak Lek Noophan
- c Department of Environmental Engineering , Kasetsart University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Nimaradee Boonapatcharoen
- d Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Bang Khun Thian , Bangkok , Thailand
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7
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Cook AM, Daughton CG, Alexander M. Desulfuration of dialkyl thiophosphoric acids by a pseudomonad. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 39:463-5. [PMID: 16345521 PMCID: PMC291355 DOI: 10.1128/aem.39.2.463-465.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A strain of Pseudomonas acidovorans used the organophosphorus pesticide breakdown products, ionic O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate and ionic O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate, as sulfur sources. The growth yields from the thiophosphates and sulfate were 3.6 to 4.1 kg of protein per mol of sulfur. Elemental sulfur and sulfide also served as sulfur sources but gave lower growth yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Cook
- Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Department of Agronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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8
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Narayan KD, Pandey SK, Das SK. Characterization of Comamonas thiooxidans sp. nov., and comparison of thiosulfate oxidation with Comamonas testosteroni and Comamonas composti. Curr Microbiol 2010; 61:248-53. [PMID: 20148250 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-010-9602-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Comamonas thiooxidans (strain S23(T)) capable of oxidizing thiosulfate under a mixotrophic growth condition was isolated from a sulfur spring. DNA-DNA homology study showed 55% similarity with Comamonas testosteroni KCTC2990(T) and 52% with Comamonas composti LMG24008(T), the nearest phylogenetic relative (16S rRNA sequence similarity <97%). Comparative genomic fingerprinting by using ERIC and Rep-PCR further delineated species identity of the strain S23(T) for which Comamonas thiooxidans sp. nov. is proposed. In addition, thiosulfate oxidation potential of the strain S23(T) was compared with Comamonas testosteroni and Comamonas composti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunwar Digvijay Narayan
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751 023, India
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9
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New insights on O2 uptake mechanisms in two-phase partitioning bioreactors. Biotechnol Lett 2009; 32:223-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-009-0146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Pandey SK, Narayan KD, Bandyopadhyay S, Nayak KC, Das SK. Thiosulfate oxidation by Comamonas sp. S23 isolated from a sulfur spring. Curr Microbiol 2009; 58:516-21. [PMID: 19189181 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-009-9357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Revised: 12/28/2008] [Accepted: 01/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A bacterial isolate S23 capable of oxidizing thiosulfate was isolated from a sulfur spring. Strain S23 is gram-negative, aerobic, and motile. The G + C content of DNA is 61.4 mol%. The fatty acid composition and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain S23 showed that it is related to the members of the genus Comamonas, and most closely related to Comamonas testosteroni (99.9% sequence similarity). The isolate S23 exhibited thiosulfate oxidation under a mixotrophic growth condition. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using soxB-specific primers and DNA sequencing showed the presence of the soxB gene. This is the first report in Comamonas sp. showing thiosulfate oxidation under a mixotrophic growth condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shachindra K Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, India
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11
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Anandham R, Indiragandhi P, Madhaiyan M, Kim K, Yim W, Saravanan VS, Chung J, Sa T. Thiosulfate oxidation and mixotrophic growth of Methylobacterium oryzae. Can J Microbiol 2007; 53:869-76. [PMID: 17898842 DOI: 10.1139/w07-057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thiosulfate oxidation and mixotrophic growth with succinate or methanol plus thiosulfate was examined in nutrient-limited mixotrophic condition for Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20, which was recently characterized and reported as a novel species isolated from rice. Methylobacterium oryzae was able to utilize thiosulfate in the presence of sulfate. Thiosulfate oxidation increased the protein yield by 25% in mixotrophic medium containing 18.5 mmol·L–1of sodium succinate and 20 mmol·L–1of sodium thiosulfate on day 5. The respirometric study revealed that thiosulfate was the most preferable reduced inorganic sulfur source, followed by sulfur and sulfite. Thiosulfate was predominantly oxidized to sulfate and intermediate products of thiosulfate oxidation, such as tetrathionate, trithionate, polythionate, and sulfur, were not detected in spent medium. It indicated that bacterium use the non-S4intermediate sulfur oxidation pathway for thiosulfate oxidation. Thiosulfate oxidation enzymes, such as rhodanese and sulfite oxidase activities appeared to be constitutively expressed, but activity increased during growth on thiosulfate. No thiosulfate oxidase (tetrathionate synthase) activity was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Anandham
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
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12
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Mohapatra BR, Gould WD, Dinardo O, Papavinasam S, Koren DW, Revie RW. Enhanced Biosynthesis of Sulfide Oxidase byArthrobacter Species Using Response Surface Methodology. Eng Life Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200620190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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13
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Okabe S, Ito T, Sugita K, Satoh H. Succession of internal sulfur cycles and sulfur-oxidizing bacterial communities in microaerophilic wastewater biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:2520-9. [PMID: 15870342 PMCID: PMC1087539 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.5.2520-2529.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The succession of sulfur-oxidizing bacterial (SOB) community structure and the complex internal sulfur cycle occurring in wastewater biofilms growing under microaerophilic conditions was analyzed by using a polyphasic approach that employed 16S rRNA gene-cloning analysis combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization, microelectrode measurements, and standard batch and reactor experiments. A complete sulfur cycle was established via S(0) accumulation within 80 days in the biofilms in replicate. This development was generally split into two phases, (i) a sulfur-accumulating phase and (ii) a sulfate-producing phase. In the first phase (until about 40 days), since the sulfide production rate (sulfate-reducing activity) exceeded the maximum sulfide-oxidizing capacity of SOB in the biofilms, H(2)S was only partially oxidized to S(0) by mainly Thiomicrospira denitirificans with NO(3)(-) as an electron acceptor, leading to significant accumulation of S(0) in the biofilms. In the second phase, the SOB populations developed further and diversified with time. In particular, S(0) accumulation promoted the growth of a novel strain, strain SO07, which predominantly carried out the oxidation of S(0) to SO(4)(2-) under oxic conditions, and Thiothrix sp. strain CT3. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that the dense populations of Thiothrix (ca. 10(9) cells cm(-3)) and strain SO07 (ca. 10(8) cells cm(-3)) were found at the sulfur-rich surface (100 microm), while the population of Thiomicrospira denitirificans was distributed throughout the biofilms with a density of ca. 10(7) to 10(8) cells cm(-3). Microelectrode measurements revealed that active sulfide-oxidizing zones overlapped the spatial distributions of different phylogenetic SOB groups in the biofilms. As a consequence, the sulfide-oxidizing capacities of the biofilms became high enough to completely oxidize all H(2)S produced by SRB to SO(4)(2-) in the second phase, indicating establishment of the complete sulfur cycle in the biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okabe
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
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14
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Cipollone R, Bigotti MG, Frangipani E, Ascenzi P, Visca P. Characterization of a rhodanese from the cyanogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 325:85-90. [PMID: 15522204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.09.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the rRNA group I type species of genus Pseudomonas, is a Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium responsible for serious infection in humans. P. aeruginosa pathogenicity has been associated with the production of several virulence factors, including cyanide. Here, the biochemical characterization of recombinant P. aeruginosa rhodanese (Pa RhdA), catalyzing the sulfur transfer from thiosulfate to a thiophilic acceptor, e.g., cyanide, is reported. Sequence homology analysis of Pa RhdA predicts the sulfur-transfer reaction to occur through persulfuration of the conserved catalytic Cys230 residue. Accordingly, the titration of active Pa RhdA with cyanide indicates the presence of one extra sulfur bound to the Cys230 Sgamma atom per active enzyme molecule. Values of K(m) for thiosulfate binding to Pa RhdA are 1.0 and 7.4mM at pH 7.3 and 8.6, respectively, and 25 degrees C. However, the value of K(m) for cyanide binding to Pa RhdA (=14 mM, at 25 degrees C) and the value of V(max) (=750 micromol min(-1)mg(-1), at 25 degrees C) for the Pa RhdA-catalyzed sulfur-transfer reaction are essentially pH- and substrate-independent. Therefore, the thiosulfate-dependent Pa RhdA persulfuration is favored at pH 7.3 (i.e., the cytosolic pH of the bacterial cell) rather than pH 8.6 (i.e., the standard pH for rhodanese activity assay). Within this pH range, conformational change(s) occur at the Pa RhdA active site during the catalytic cycle. As a whole, rhodanese may participate in multiple detoxification mechanisms protecting P. aeruginosa from endogenous and environmental cyanide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Cipollone
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
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15
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Das SK, Mishra AK. Transposon mutagenesis affecting thiosulfate oxidation in Bosea thiooxidans, a new chemolithoheterotrophic bacterium. J Bacteriol 1996; 178:3628-33. [PMID: 8655564 PMCID: PMC178136 DOI: 10.1128/jb.178.12.3628-3633.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transposon insertion mutagenesis was used to isolate mutants of Bosea thiooxidans which are impaired in thiosulfate oxidation. Suicide plasmid pSUP5011 was used to introduce the transposon Tn5 into B. thiooxidans via Escherichia coli S17.1-mediated conjugation. Neomycin-resistant transconjugants occurred at a frequency of 2.2 X 10(-4) per donor. Transconjugants defective in thiosulfate oxidation were categorized into three classes on the basis of growth response, enzyme activities, and cytochrome patterns. Class I mutants were deficient in cytochrome c, and no thiosulfate oxidase activity was detected. Class II mutants retained the activities of key enzymes of thiosulfate metabolism, although at reduced levels. Mutants of this class grown on mixed-substrate agar plates deposited elemental sulfur on the colony surfaces. Class III mutants were unable to utilize thiosulfate, though they had normal levels of cytochrome c. The transposon insertions occurred at different chromosomal positions, as confirmed by Southern blotting of chromosomal DNA of mutants deficient in thiosulfate oxidation, a deficiency which resulted from single insertions of Tn5.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Das
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Calcutta, India
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16
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Cho KS, Hirai M, Shoda M. Degradation of hydrogen sulfide by Xanthomonas sp. strain DY44 isolated from peat. Appl Environ Microbiol 1992; 58:1183-9. [PMID: 1599238 PMCID: PMC195572 DOI: 10.1128/aem.58.4.1183-1189.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas sp. strain DY44, capable of degrading H2S, was isolated from dimethyl disulfide-acclimated peat. This bacterium removed H2S either as a single gas or in the presence of the sulfur-containing compounds methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, and dimethyl disulfide. The maximum specific H2S removal rate, obtained in the late stationary phase, was 3.92 mmol g of dry cells-1 h-1 (6.7 x 10(-16) mol cell-1 h-1) at pH 7 and 30 degrees C through a batch experiment in a basal mineral medium. Since Xanthomonas sp. strain DY44 exhibited no autotrophic growth with H2S, the H2S removal was judged not to be a consequence of chemolithotrophic activity. By using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the metabolic product of H2S oxidation was determined to be polysulfide, which has properties very similar to those of elemental sulfur. Autoclaved cells (120 degrees C, 20 min) did not show H2S degradation, but cells killed by gamma-irradiation and cell extracts both oxidized H2S, suggesting the existence of a heat-labile intracellular enzymatic system for H2S oxidation. When Xanthomonas sp. strain DY44 was inoculated into fibrous peat, this strain degraded H2S without lag time, suggesting that it will be a good candidate for maintaining high H2S removability in the treatment of exhaust gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Cho
- Research Laboratory of Resources Utilization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
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A newly isolated heterotrophic bacterium,Xanthomonas sp. DY44, to oxidize hydrogen sulfide to polysulfide. Biotechnol Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01022100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ray RC, Potty VP, Balagopalan C. Sulfur oxidation by the cyanide-degrading fungusRhizopus oryzae. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02814358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mason J, Kelly DP. Thiosulfate oxidation by obligately heterotrophic bacteria. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 1988; 15:123-134. [PMID: 24202996 DOI: 10.1007/bf02011707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Thiosulfate was oxidized stoichiometrically to tetrathionate during growth on glucose byKlebsiella aerogenes, Bacillus globigii, B. megaterium, Pseudomonas putida, two strains each ofP. fluorescens andP. aeruginosa, and anAeromonas sp. A gram-negative, rod-shaped soil isolate, Pseudomonad Hw, converted thiosulfate to tetrathionate during growth on acetate. None of the organisms could use thiosulfate as sole energy source. The quantitative recovery of all the thiosulfate supplied to heterotrophic cultures either as tetrathionate alone or as tetrathionate and unused thiosulfate demonstrated that no oxidation to sulfate occurred with any of the strains tested. Two strains ofEscherichia coli did not oxidize thiosulfate. Thiosulfate oxidation in batch culture occurred at different stages of the growth cycle for different organisms:P. putida oxidized thiosulfate during lag and early exponential phase,K. aerogenes oxidized thiosulfate at all stages of growth, andB. megaterium andAeromonas oxidized thiosulfate during late exponential phase. The relative rates of oxidation byP. putida andK. aerogenes were apparently determined by different concentrations of thiosulfate oxidizing enzyme. Thiosulfate oxidation byP. aeruginosa grown in chemostat culture was inducible, since organisms pregrown on thiosulfate-containing media oxidized thiosulfate, but those pregrown on glucose only could not oxidize thiosulfate. Steady state growth yield ofP. aeruginosa in glucose-limited chemostat culture increased about 23% in the presence of 5-22 mM thiosulfate, with complete or partial concomitant oxidation to tetrathionate. The reasons for this stimulation are unclear. The results suggest that heterotrophic oxidation of thiosulfate to tetrathionate is widespread across several genera and may even stimulate bacterial growth in some organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mason
- Departments of Environmental Sciences and Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, England
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Kurek EJ. Properties of an enzymatic complex active in sulfite and thiosulfate oxidation by Rhodotorula sp. Arch Microbiol 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00411250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kurek EJ. An enzymatic complex active in sulphite and thiosulphate oxidation by Rhodotorula sp. Arch Microbiol 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00407947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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DeVoe I, Port J, Holbein B, Ingram J. Thiosulfate reductase activity in Neisseria meningitidis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1982. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1982.tb00011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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The enzymatic system thiosulfate: Cytochrome c oxidoreductase from photolithoautotrophically grown Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Arch Microbiol 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00425950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Schook LB, Berk RS. Partial purification and characterization of thiosulfate oxidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol 1979; 140:306-8. [PMID: 40955 PMCID: PMC216812 DOI: 10.1128/jb.140.1.306-308.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble thiosulfate oxidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was purified 85-fold and coverted thiosulfate to tetrathionate by using either ferricyanide or cytochrome c as an electron acceptor.
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Shimamoto G, Berk RS. Catabolism of taurine in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1979; 569:287-92. [PMID: 113035 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(79)90064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free extracts of taurine-grown Pseudomonas aeruginosa catalyze the transamination of taurine and pyruvate resulting in the formation of L-alanine and sulfoacetaldehyde. The enzyme responsible for this activity has been partially purified in order to demonstrate its participation in a pathway of taurine degradation. Ethyl methane sulfonate treatment of Ps. aeruginosa yielded a mutant deficient in taurine transaminase and incapable of growing on taurine indicating that the enzyme is of physiological significance in this organism.
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Gottschal JC, de Vries S, Kuenen JG. Competition between the facultatively chemolithotrophic Thiobacillus A2, an obligately chemolithotrophic Thiobacillus and a heterotrophic spirillum for inorganic and organic substrates. Arch Microbiol 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00425062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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