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Zheng RC, Hachisuka SI, Tomita H, Imanaka T, Zheng YG, Nishiyama M, Atomi H. An ornithine ω-aminotransferase required for growth in the absence of exogenous proline in the archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3625-3636. [PMID: 29352105 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminotransferases are pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes that catalyze reversible transamination reactions between amino acids and α-keto acids, and are important for the cellular metabolism of nitrogen. Many bacterial and eukaryotic ω-aminotransferases that use l-ornithine (Orn), l-lysine (Lys), or γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) have been identified and characterized, but the corresponding enzymes from archaea are unknown. Here, we examined the activity and function of TK2101, a gene annotated as a GABA aminotransferase, from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis We overexpressed the TK2101 gene in T. kodakarensis and purified and characterized the recombinant protein and found that it displays only low levels of GABA aminotransferase activity. Instead, we observed a relatively high ω-aminotransferase activity with l-Orn and l-Lys as amino donors. The most preferred amino acceptor was 2-oxoglutarate. To examine the physiological role of TK2101, we created a TK2101 gene-disruption strain (ΔTK2101), which was auxotrophic for proline. Growth comparison with the parent strain KU216 and the biochemical characteristics of the protein strongly suggested that TK2101 encodes an Orn aminotransferase involved in the biosynthesis of l-Pro. Phylogenetic comparisons of the TK2101 sequence with related sequences retrieved from the databases revealed the presence of several distinct protein groups, some of which having no experimentally studied member. We conclude that TK2101 is part of a novel group of Orn aminotransferases that are widely distributed at least in the genus Thermococcus, but perhaps also throughout the Archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Chao Zheng
- From the Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,the College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Shin-Ichi Hachisuka
- From the Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 7, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Hiroya Tomita
- From the Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Imanaka
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 7, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.,the Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Ritsumeikan University Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- the College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Makoto Nishiyama
- the Biotechnology Research Center, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8657, Japan, and
| | - Haruyuki Atomi
- From the Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, .,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 7, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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Genome sequence of strain TW25, a novel member of the genus Ornithinibacillus in the family Bacillaceae. J Bacteriol 2011; 193:2884-5. [PMID: 21460087 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00308-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ornithinibacillus sp. strain TW25, belonging to the family Bacillaceae, was isolated from a dead ark clam during a mass mortality event. Here, the draft genome sequence of strain TW25 (3,843,870 bp, with a G+C content of 36.7%) is reported. This is the first Ornithinibacillus genome to be sequenced.
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Stránská J, Tylichová M, Kopecný D, Snégaroff J, Sebela M. Biochemical characterization of pea ornithine-delta-aminotransferase: substrate specificity and inhibition by di- and polyamines. Biochimie 2010; 92:940-8. [PMID: 20381578 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ornithine-delta-aminotransferase (OAT, EC 2.6.1.13) catalyzes the transamination of L-ornithine to L-glutamate-gamma-semialdehyde. The physiological role of OAT in plants is not yet well understood. It is probably related to arginine catabolism resulting in glutamate but the enzyme has also been associated with stress-induced proline biosynthesis. We investigated the enzyme from pea (PsOAT) to assess whether diamines and polyamines may serve as substrates or they show inhibitory properties. First, a cDNA coding for PsOAT was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli to obtain a recombinant protein with a C-terminal 6xHis tag. Recombinant PsOAT was purified under native conditions by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and its molecular and kinetic properties were characterized. Protein identity was confirmed by peptide mass fingerprinting after proteolytic digestion. The purified PsOAT existed as a monomer of 50 kDa and showed typical spectral properties of enzymes containing pyridoxal-5'-phosphate as a prosthetic group. The cofactor content of PsOAT was estimated to be 0.9 mol per mol of the monomer by a spectrophotometric analysis with phenylhydrazine. L-Ornithine was the best substrate (K(m)=15 mM) but PsOAT also slowly converted N(alpha)-acetyl-L-ornithine. In these reactions, 2-oxoglutarate was the exclusive amino group acceptor (K(m)=2mM). The enzyme had a basic optimal pH of 8.8 and displayed relatively high temperature optimum. Diamines and polyamines were not accepted as substrates. On the other hand, putrescine, spermidine and others represented weak non-competitive inhibitors. A model of the molecular structure of PsOAT was obtained using the crystal structure of human OAT as a template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Stránská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Seo JH, Park HY, Kim J, Lee BS, Kim BG. Exploring sequence space: Profile analysis and protein-ligand docking to screen ω-aminotransferases with expanded substrate specificity. Biotechnol J 2008; 3:676-86. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200700264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Naranjo L, Lamas-Maceiras M, Ullán RV, Campoy S, Teijeira F, Casqueiro J, Martín JF. Characterization of the oat1 gene of Penicillium chrysogenum encoding an omega-aminotransferase: induction by L-lysine, L-ornithine and L-arginine and repression by ammonium. Mol Genet Genomics 2005; 274:283-94. [PMID: 16163487 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-005-0019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2005] [Accepted: 06/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Penicillium chrysogenum oat1 gene, which encodes a class III omega-aminotransferase, was cloned and characterized. This enzyme converts lysine into 2-aminoadipic semialdehyde, and plays an important role in the biosynthesis of 2-aminoadipic acid, a precursor of penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics. The enzyme is related to ornithine-5-aminotransferases and to the lysine-6-aminotransferases encoded by the lat genes found in bacterial cephamycin gene clusters. Expression of oat1 is induced by lysine, ornithine and arginine, and repressed by ammonium ions. AreA-binding GATA and GATT sequences involved in regulation by ammonium, and an 8-bp direct repeat associated with arginine induction in Emericella (Aspergillus nidulans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were found in the oat1 promoter region. Deletion of the oat1 gene resulted in the loss of omega-aminotransferase activity. The null mutants were unable to grow on ornithine or arginine as sole nitrogen sources and showed reduced growth on lysine. Complementation of the null mutant with the oat1 gene restored normal levels of omega-aminotransferase activity and the ability to grow on ornithine, arginine and lysine. The role of the oat1 gene in the biosynthesis of 2-aminoadipic acid is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo Naranjo
- Instituto de Biotecnología de León (INBIOTEC), Parque Científico de León, Spain
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Li T, Kootstra AB, Fotheringham IG. Nonproteinogenic α-Amino Acid Preparation Using Equilibrium Shifted Transamination. Org Process Res Dev 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/op025518x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Great Lakes Fine Chemicals, 601 East Kensington Rd, Mt. Prospect, Illinois 60056, U.S.A
| | - Anna B. Kootstra
- Great Lakes Fine Chemicals, 601 East Kensington Rd, Mt. Prospect, Illinois 60056, U.S.A
| | - Ian G. Fotheringham
- Great Lakes Fine Chemicals, 601 East Kensington Rd, Mt. Prospect, Illinois 60056, U.S.A
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Esaki N, Watanabe M, Kurihara T, Soda K. Fungal thermostable ?-dialkylamino acid aminotransferase: occurrence, purification and characterization. Arch Microbiol 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00276470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Yonaha K, Suzuki K, Toyama S. 4-Aminobutyrate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase of Streptomyces griseus: purification and properties. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1985; 146:101-6. [PMID: 3917915 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1985.tb08625.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
4-Aminobutyrate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase of Streptomyces griseus was purified to homogeneity on disc electrophoresis. The relative molecular mass of the enzyme was found to be 100 000 +/- 10 000 by a gel filtration method. The enzyme consists of two subunits identical in molecular mass (Mr 50 000 +/- 1000). The transaminase is composed of 486 amino acids/subunit containing 10 and 12 residues of half-cystine and methionine respectively. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme was determined to be Thr-Ala-Phe-Pro-Gln. The enzyme exhibits absorption maxima at 278 nm, 340 nm and 415 nm with a molar absorption coefficient of 104 000, 11 400 and 7280 M-1 cm-1 respectively. The pyridoxal 5'-phosphate content was calculated to be 2 mol/mol enzyme. The enzyme has a maximum activity in the pH range of 7.5-8.5 and at 50 degrees C. The enzyme is stable at pH 6.0-10.0 and at temperatures up to 50 degrees C. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate protects the enzyme from thermal inactivation. The enzyme catalyzes the transamination of omega-amino acids with 2-oxoglutarate; 4-aminobutyrate is the best amino donor. The Michaelis constants are 3.3 mM for 4-aminobutyrate and 8.3 mM for 2-oxoglutarate. Low activity was observed with beta-alanine. In addition to omega-amino acids the enzyme catalyzes transamination with ornithine and lysine; in both cases the D isomer is preferred. Carbonyl reagents and sulfhydryl reagents inhibit the enzyme activity. Chelating agents, non-substrate L and D-2-amino acids, and metal ions except cupric ion showed no effect on the enzyme activity.
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Meisch HU, Hoffmann H, Reinle W. Biosynthesis of chlorophyll precursors in green algae purification and characterization of l-glutamate: 4,5-dioxovaleric acid aminotransferase from Chlorella fusca. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(83)90225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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