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Du Y, Han W, Hao P, Hu Y, Hu T, Zeng Y. A Genomics-Based Discovery of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in the Potential Novel Strain Streptomyces sp. 21So2-11 Isolated from Antarctic Soil. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1228. [PMID: 38930610 PMCID: PMC11205464 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces species are attractive sources of secondary metabolites that serve as major sources of antibiotics and other drugs. In this study, genome mining was used to determine the biosynthetic potential of Streptomyces sp. 21So2-11 isolated from Antarctic soil. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that this strain is most closely related to Streptomyces drozdowiczii NBRC 101007T, with a similarity of 98.02%. Genome comparisons based on average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) showed that strain 21So2-11 represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces. In addition to a large number of genes related to environmental adaptation and ecological function, a total of 28 putative biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) responsible for the biosynthesis of known and/or novel secondary metabolites, including terpenes, lantipeptides, polyketides, nonribosomal peptides, RiPPs and siderophores, were detected in the genome of strain 21So2-11. In addition, a total of 1456 BGCs were predicted to contribute to the biosynthesis of more than 300 secondary metabolites based on the genomes of 47 Streptomyces strains originating from polar regions. The results indicate the potential of Streptomyces sp. 21So2-11 for bioactive secondary metabolite production and are helpful for understanding bacterial adaptability and ecological function in cold terrestrial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China; (Y.D.); (W.H.); (P.H.); (Y.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Wei Han
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China; (Y.D.); (W.H.); (P.H.); (Y.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Puyu Hao
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China; (Y.D.); (W.H.); (P.H.); (Y.H.); (T.H.)
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yongqiang Hu
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China; (Y.D.); (W.H.); (P.H.); (Y.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Ting Hu
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China; (Y.D.); (W.H.); (P.H.); (Y.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Yinxin Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China; (Y.D.); (W.H.); (P.H.); (Y.H.); (T.H.)
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Antarctic Great Wall Ecology National Observation and Research Station, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Polar Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Key Laboratory of Polar Ecosystem and Climate Change, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200030, China
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Maimone NM, Apaza-Castillo GA, Quecine MC, de Lira SP. Accessing the specialized metabolome of actinobacteria from the bulk soil of Paullinia cupana Mart. on the Brazilian Amazon: a promising source of bioactive compounds against soybean phytopathogens. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1863-1882. [PMID: 38421597 PMCID: PMC11153476 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The Amazon rainforest, an incredibly biodiverse ecosystem, has been increasingly vulnerable to deforestation. Despite its undeniable importance and potential, the Amazonian microbiome has historically received limited study, particularly in relation to its unique arsenal of specialized metabolites. Therefore, in this study our aim was to assess the metabolic diversity and the antifungal activity of actinobacterial strains isolated from the bulk soil of Paullinia cupana, a native crop, in the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest. Extracts from 24 strains were subjected to UPLC-MS/MS analysis using an integrative approach that relied on the Chemical Structural and Compositional Similarity (CSCS) metric, GNPS molecular networking, and in silico dereplication tools. This procedure allowed the comprehensive understanding of the chemical space encompassed by these actinobacteria, which consists of features belonging to known bioactive metabolite classes and several unannotated molecular families. Among the evaluated strains, five isolates exhibited bioactivity against a panel of soybean fungal phytopathogens (Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum). A focused inspection led to the annotation of pepstatins, oligomycins, hydroxamate siderophores and dorrigocins as metabolites produced by these bioactive strains, with potentially unknown compounds also comprising their metabolomes. This study introduces a pragmatic protocol grounded in established and readily available tools for the annotation of metabolites and the prioritization of strains to optimize further isolation of specialized metabolites. Conclusively, we demonstrate the relevance of the Amazonian actinobacteria as sources for bioactive metabolites useful for agriculture. We also emphasize the importance of preserving this biome and conducting more in-depth studies on its microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naydja Moralles Maimone
- College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", Department of Exact Sciences, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Gladys Angélica Apaza-Castillo
- College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Quecine
- College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Simone Possedente de Lira
- College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", Department of Exact Sciences, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
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Nonthakaew N, Panbangred W, Songnuan W, Intra B. Plant growth-promoting properties of Streptomyces spp. isolates and their impact on mung bean plantlets’ rhizosphere microbiome. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:967415. [PMID: 36090067 PMCID: PMC9453592 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.967415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora is an important, highly destructive pathogen of many plants, which causes considerable crop loss, especially durians in Thailand. In this study, we selectively isolated Streptomyces from the rhizosphere soil with a potent anti-oomycete activity against Phytophthora palmivora CbP03. Two strains (SNN087 and SNN289) demonstrated exceptional plant growth-promoting properties in pot experiment. Both strains promoted mung bean (Vigna radiate) growth effectively in both sterile and non-sterile soils. Metagenomic analysis revealed that Streptomyces sp. SNN289 may modify the rhizosphere microbial communities, especially promoting microbes beneficial for plant growth. The relative abundance of bacterial genera Bacillus, Sphingomonas, Arthrobacter, and Pseudarthrobacter, and fungal genera Coprinellus and Chaetomium were noticeably increased, whereas a genus Fusarium was slightly reduced. Interestingly, Streptomyces sp. SNN289 exhibited an exploratory growth, which allows it to survive in a highly competitive environment. Based on whole genome sequence analysis combined with an ANI and dDDH values, this strain should be classifiable as a new species. Functional annotation was also used to characterize plant-beneficial genes in SNN087 and SNN289 genomes for production of siderophores, 3-indole acetic acid (IAA), ammonia, and solubilized phosphate. AntiSMASH genome analysis and preliminary annotation revealed biosynthetic gene clusters with possible secondary metabolites. These findings emphasize the potential for application of strain SNN289 as a bioinoculant for sustainable agricultural practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napawit Nonthakaew
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Osaka Collaborative Research Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Mahidol University-Osaka, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Watanalai Panbangred
- Research, Innovation, and Partnerships Office (Office of the President), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wisuwat Songnuan
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bungonsiri Intra
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Osaka Collaborative Research Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Mahidol University-Osaka, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Bungonsiri Intra,
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Ramesh C, Anwesh M, Vinithkumar NV, Kirubagaran R, Dufossé L. Complete Genome Analysis of Undecylprodigiosin Pigment Biosynthesizing Marine Streptomyces Species Displaying Potential Bioactive Applications. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112249. [PMID: 34835376 PMCID: PMC8618203 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine Streptomyces species are underexplored for their pigment molecules and genes. In this study, we report the genome of the undecylprodigiosin biosynthesizing gene cluster carrying Streptomyces sp. strain BSE6.1, displaying antioxidant, antimicrobial, and staining properties. This Gram-positive obligate aerobic bacterium was isolated from the coastal sediment of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Pink to reddish pigmented colonies with whitish powdery spores on both agar and broth media are the important morphological characteristics of this bacterium. Growth tolerance to NaCl concentrations was 2 to 7%. The assembled genome of Streptomyces sp. BSE6.1 contains one linear chromosome 8.02 Mb in length with 7157 protein-coding genes, 82 tRNAs, 3 rRNAs and at least 11 gene clusters related to the synthesis of various secondary metabolites, including undecylprodigiosin. This strain carries type I, type II, and type III polyketide synthases (PKS) genes. Type I PKS gene cluster is involved in the biosynthesis of red pigment undecylprodigiosin of BSE6.1, similar to the one found in the S. coelicolor A3(2). This red pigment was reported to have various applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The genome of Streptomyces sp. BSE6.1 was submitted to NCBI with a BioProject ID of PRJNA514840 (Sequence Read Archive ID: SRR10849367 and Genome accession ID: CP085300).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatragadda Ramesh
- National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO), Dona Paula 403004, Goa, India
- Atal Centre for Ocean Science and Technology for Islands, National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Ministry of Earth Sciences (MOES), Government of India (GOI), Dollygunj, Port Blair 744103, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India;
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (M.A.); (L.D.)
| | - Maile Anwesh
- Model Rural Health Research Unit (ICMR-MRHRU), Dahanu 401601, Maharashtra, India
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (M.A.); (L.D.)
| | - Nambali Valsalan Vinithkumar
- Atal Centre for Ocean Science and Technology for Islands, National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Ministry of Earth Sciences (MOES), Government of India (GOI), Dollygunj, Port Blair 744103, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India;
| | - Ramalingam Kirubagaran
- Marine Biotechnology Group, National Institute of Ocean Technology, MOES, GOI, Chennai 600100, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- Chemistry and Biotechnology of Natural Products, CHEMBIOPRO, Université de La Réunion, ESIROI Agroalimentaire, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CEDEX 9, F-97744 Saint-Denis, France
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (M.A.); (L.D.)
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Terra L, Ratcliffe N, Castro HC, Vicente ACP, Dyson P. Biotechnological Potential of Streptomyces Siderophores as New Antibiotics. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1407-1421. [PMID: 32389112 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200510235512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Siderophores are small-molecule iron-chelators produced by microorganisms and plants growing mostly under low iron conditions. Siderophores allow iron capture and transport through cell membranes into the cytoplasm, where iron is released for use in biological processes. These bacterial iron uptake systems can be used for antibiotic conjugation or as targets for killing pathogenic bacteria. Siderophores have been explored recently because of their potential applications in environmental and therapeutic research. They are present in Streptomyces, Grampositive bacteria that are an important source for discovering new siderophores. OBJECTIVE This review summarizes siderophore molecules produced by the genus Streptomyces emphasizing their potential as biotechnological producers and also illustrating genomic tools for discovering siderophores useful for treating bacterial infections. METHODS The literature search was performed using PUBMED and MEDLINE databases with keywords siderophore, secondary metabolites, Trojan horse strategy, sideromycin and Streptomyces. The literature research focused on bibliographic databases including all siderophores identified in the genus Streptomyces. In addition, reference genomes of Streptomyces from GenBank were used to identify siderophore biosynthetic gene clusters by using the antiSMASH platform. RESULTS This review has highlighted some of the many siderophore molecules produced by Streptomyces, illustrating the diversity of their chemical structures and a wide spectrum of bioactivities against pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, the possibility of using siderophores conjugated with antibiotics could be an alternative to overcome bacterial resistance to drugs and could improve their therapeutic efficacy. CONCLUSION This review confirms the importance of Streptomyces as a rich source of siderophores, and underlines their potential as antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Terra
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, UFF, Brazil
| | - Norman Ratcliffe
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, UFF, Brazil
| | - Helena Carla Castro
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, UFF, Brazil
| | | | - Paul Dyson
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Diatoms can access inorganic iron with remarkable efficiency, but this process is contingent on carbonate ion concentration. As ocean acidification reduces carbonate concentration, inorganic iron uptake may be discouraged in favor of carbonate-independent uptake. We report details of an iron assimilation process that needs no carbonate but requires exogenous compounds produced by cooccurring organisms. We show this process to be critical for diatom growth at high siderophore concentrations, but ineffective at acquiring iron from low-affinity organic chelators or lithogenic particulates. Understanding the caveats associated with iron source preference in diatoms will help predict the impacts of climate change on microbial community structure in high-nitrate low-chlorophyll ecosystems. Iron uptake by diatoms is a biochemical process with global biogeochemical implications. In large regions of the surface ocean diatoms are both responsible for the majority of primary production and frequently experiencing iron limitation of growth. The strategies used by these phytoplankton to extract iron from seawater constrain carbon flux into higher trophic levels and sequestration into sediments. In this study we use reverse genetic techniques to target putative iron-acquisition genes in the model pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. We describe components of a reduction-dependent siderophore acquisition pathway that relies on a bacterial-derived receptor protein and provides a viable alternative to inorganic iron uptake under certain conditions. This form of iron uptake entails a close association between diatoms and siderophore-producing organisms during low-iron conditions. Homologs of these proteins are found distributed across diatom lineages, suggesting the significance of siderophore utilization by diatoms in the marine environment. Evaluation of specific proteins enables us to confirm independent iron-acquisition pathways in diatoms and characterize their preferred substrates. These findings refine our mechanistic understanding of the multiple iron-uptake systems used by diatoms and help us better predict the influence of iron speciation on taxa-specific iron bioavailability.
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Grinter R, Lithgow T. Determination of the molecular basis for coprogen import by Gram-negative bacteria. IUCRJ 2019; 6:401-411. [PMID: 31098021 PMCID: PMC6503915 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252519002926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to survive in mixed microbial communities, some species of fungi secrete coprogens, siderophores that facilitate capture of the scarce nutrient iron. The TonB-dependent transporter FhuE is integrated in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and has been reported to scavenge these fungally produced coprogens. In this work, an Escherichia coli strain was engineered that is dependent solely on FhuE for its access to siderophore-sequestered iron. Using this tool, it is shown that while FhuE is highly active in the import of coprogens, it has some level of promiscuity, acting as a low-affinity transporter for related siderophores. The crystal structure of FhuE in complex with coprogen was determined, providing a structural basis to explain this selective promiscuity. The structural data, in combination with functional analysis, presented in this work show that FhuE has evolved to specifically engage with planar siderophores. A potential evolutionary driver, and a critical consequence of this selectivity, is that it allows FhuE to exclude antibiotics that mimic nonplanar hydroxamate siderophores: these toxic molecules could otherwise cross the outer membrane barrier through a Trojan horse mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Grinter
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Monash, Victoria 3800, Australia
- School of Biology, Monash University, Monash, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, England
| | - Trevor Lithgow
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Monash, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Mattingly AJ, Laitano O, Clanton TL. Epinephrine stimulates CXCL1 IL-1 α, IL-6 secretion in isolated mouse limb muscle. Physiol Rep 2018; 5. [PMID: 29192066 PMCID: PMC5727277 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Catecholamines stimulate interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) secretion in skeletal muscles. However, whether other cytokines are secreted is currently unknown. Skeletal muscle ex vivo preparations commonly used to study cytokine secretion have dealt with limitations including auto‐oxidation of catecholamines. The use of metal chelators could be an alternative to avoid auto‐oxidation and allow catecholamines to be used at physiological doses. We exposed isolated soleus muscles to 1 or 100 ng/mL epinephrine (EPI) and collected bath samples at 1 and 2 h for multiplex cytokine analysis. Keratinocyte chemoattractant (CXCL1), IL‐6, and IL‐1α were significantly elevated by 100 ng/mL exposure, but not by 1 ng/mL (median [CXCL1] (2 h) = 83 pg/mL; [IL‐6] = 19 pg/mL; IL‐1α = 7.5 pg/mL). CXCL1 and IL‐6 were highly correlated in each sample (P = 0.0001). A second experiment combined the metal chelator, deferoxamine mesylate (DFO), to prevent EPI autoxidation, with 2 ng/mL EPI and 10.5 ng/mL norepinephrine (NOREPI) to mimic peak exercise. Unexpectedly, DFO alone stimulated both IL‐6 and CXCL1 secretion, but together with EPI and NOREPI had no additional effects. Stimulation of cytokine secretory responses from skeletal muscle cells in response to DFO thus precludes its use as a chelating agent in ex vivo models. In conclusion, 100 ng/mL EPI stimulates a robust secretory CXCL1 response, which together with IL‐6 and IL‐1α, may constitute an adrenal‐muscle endocrine response system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Mattingly
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, College of Health and Human Performance, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Orlando Laitano
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, College of Health and Human Performance, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Thomas L Clanton
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, College of Health and Human Performance, Gainesville, Florida
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Fedorowicz J, Sączewski J. Modifications of quinolones and fluoroquinolones: hybrid compounds and dual-action molecules. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018; 149:1199-1245. [PMID: 29983452 PMCID: PMC6006264 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This review is aimed to provide extensive survey of quinolones and fluoroquinolones for a variety of applications ranging from metal complexes and nanoparticle development to hybrid conjugates with therapeutic uses. The review covers the literature from the past 10 years with emphasis placed on new applications and mechanisms of pharmacological action of quinolone derivatives. The following are considered: metal complexes, nanoparticles and nanodrugs, polymers, proteins and peptides, NO donors and analogs, anionic compounds, siderophores, phosphonates, and prodrugs with enhanced lipophilicity, phototherapeutics, fluorescent compounds, triazoles, hybrid drugs, bis-quinolones, and other modifications. This review provides a comprehensive resource, summarizing a broad range of important quinolone applications with great utility as a resource concerning both chemical modifications and also novel hybrid bifunctional therapeutic agents. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Fedorowicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Sączewski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
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Dubbin WE, Goh TB. Increased Solubility and Bioavailability of Hydroxy-Cr(III) Precipitates in the Presence of Hydroxamate Siderophores. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 100:409-415. [PMID: 29214326 PMCID: PMC5820410 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Siderophores are a diverse group of low molecular weight biogenic metallophores with a particular affinity for Fe(III) but they also have potential to complex a number of other polyvalent metal cations, including Cr(III). Here we show that two hydroxamate siderophores, desferrioxamine B and rhodotorulic acid, at environmentally relevant concentrations, facilitate the dissolution of hydroxy-Cr(III) precipitates from a common layer silicate. Desferrioxamine B and rhodotorulic acid induced maximum initial Cr dissolution rates of 11.3 ± 1.7 × 10- 4 and 9.03 ± 0.68 × 10- 4 µmol m- 2 h- 1, respectively, yielding maximum solution Cr concentrations of 0.26 ± 0.01 and 0.20 ± 0.02 µmol m- 2, respectively. These data demonstrate that hydroxamate siderophores may play an important role increasing the dispersal of Cr in natural environments, thus facilitating greater bioavailability of this potential toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Dubbin
- Department of Earth Science, The Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
| | - Tee Boon Goh
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
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Laurent Q, Batchelor LK, Dyson PJ. Applying a Trojan Horse Strategy to Ruthenium Complexes in the Pursuit of Novel Antibacterial Agents. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Laurent
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucinda K. Batchelor
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Codd R, Richardson-Sanchez T, Telfer TJ, Gotsbacher MP. Advances in the Chemical Biology of Desferrioxamine B. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:11-25. [PMID: 29182270 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Desferrioxamine B (DFOB) was discovered in the late 1950s as a hydroxamic acid metabolite of the soil bacterium Streptomyces pilosus. The exquisite affinity of DFOB for Fe(III) identified its potential for removing excess iron from patients with transfusion-dependent hemoglobin disorders. Many studies have used semisynthetic chemistry to produce DFOB adducts with new properties and broad-ranging functions. More recent approaches in chemical biology have revealed some nuances of DFOB biosynthesis and discovered new DFOB-derived drugs and radiometal imaging agents. The current and potential applications of DFOB continue to inspire a rich body of chemical biology research focused on this bacterial metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Codd
- School of Medical Sciences
(Pharmacology), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Tomas Richardson-Sanchez
- School of Medical Sciences
(Pharmacology), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Thomas J. Telfer
- School of Medical Sciences
(Pharmacology), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Michael P. Gotsbacher
- School of Medical Sciences
(Pharmacology), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Aali M, Caldwell A, House K, Zhou J, Chappe V, Lehmann C. Iron chelation as novel treatment for lung inflammation in cystic fibrosis. Med Hypotheses 2017; 104:86-88. [PMID: 28673599 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that results in defective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein expression and function in various tissues. The leading cause of CF mortality and morbidity is the progressive destruction of the lungs due to recurrent infections and chronic inflammation. CFTR defect also affects immune cells, including neutrophils, resulting in ineffective, severe and persistent inflammatory response. Since unopposed recruitment of neutrophils significantly contributes to lung tissue damage through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we hypothesize that the administration of iron chelators could serve as a novel treatment to attenuate chronic inflammation in CF lungs since iron is significantly involved in ROS production by neutrophils. Ideally, the iron chelator should sequester host iron effectively, prevent bacterial access to chelator-bound iron and penetrates lung tissues efficiently, e.g. by inhalational route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Aali
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Alexa Caldwell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Kelsey House
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Valerie Chappe
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
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Siderophore-based microbial adaptations to iron scarcity across the eastern Pacific Ocean. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:14237-14242. [PMID: 27911777 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1608594113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly all iron dissolved in the ocean is complexed by strong organic ligands of unknown composition. The effect of ligand composition on microbial iron acquisition is poorly understood, but amendment experiments using model ligands show they can facilitate or impede iron uptake depending on their identity. Here we show that siderophores, organic compounds synthesized by microbes to facilitate iron uptake, are a dynamic component of the marine ligand pool in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Siderophore concentrations in iron-deficient waters averaged 9 pM, up to fivefold higher than in iron-rich coastal and nutrient-depleted oligotrophic waters, and were dominated by amphibactins, amphiphilic siderophores with cell membrane affinity. Phylogenetic analysis of amphibactin biosynthetic genes suggests that the ability to produce amphibactins has transferred horizontally across multiple Gammaproteobacteria, potentially driven by pressures to compete for iron. In coastal and oligotrophic regions of the eastern Pacific Ocean, amphibactins were replaced with lower concentrations (1-2 pM) of hydrophilic ferrioxamine siderophores. Our results suggest that organic ligand composition changes across the surface ocean in response to environmental pressures. Hydrophilic siderophores are predominantly found across regions of the ocean where iron is not expected to be the limiting nutrient for the microbial community at large. However, in regions with intense competition for iron, some microbes optimize iron acquisition by producing siderophores that minimize diffusive losses to the environment. These siderophores affect iron bioavailability and thus may be an important component of the marine iron cycle.
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Abstract
Siderophores are low molecular weight, high affinity iron chelating molecules that are essential virulence factors in many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Whereas the chemical structure of siderophores is extremely variable, the function of siderophores has been narrowly defined as the chelation and delivery of iron to bacteria for proliferation. The discovery of the host protein Lipocalin 2, capable of specifically sequestering the siderophore Enterobactin but not its glycosylated-derivative Salmochelin, indicated that diversity in structure could be an immune evasion mechanism that provides functional redundancy during infection. However, there is growing evidence that siderophores are specialized in their iron-acquisition functions, can perturb iron homeostasis in their hosts, and even bind non-iron metals to promote bacterial fitness. The combination of siderophores produced by a pathogen can enable inter-bacterial competition, modulate host cellular pathways, and determine the bacterial "replicative niche" during infection. This review will examine both classical and novel functions of siderophores to address the concept that siderophores are non-redundant virulence factors used to enhance bacterial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria I Holden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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16
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Fazary AE, Ju YH, Al-Shihri AS, Alfaifi MY, Alshehri MA. Biodegradable siderophores: survey on their production, chelating and complexing properties. REV INORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2016-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe academic and industrial research on the interactions of complexing agents with the environment has received more attention for more than half a century ago and has always been concerned with the applications of chelating agents in the environment. In contrast, in recent years, an increasing scholarly interest has been demonstrated in the chemical and biological degradation of chelating agents. This is reflected by the increasing number of chelating agents-related publications between 1950 and middle of 2016. Consequently, the discovery of new green biodegradable chelating agents is of great importance and has an impact in the non-biodegradable chelating agent’s replacement with their green chemistry analogs. To acquire iron, many bacteria growing aerobically, including marine species, produce siderophores, which are low-molecular-weight compounds produced to facilitate acquisition of iron. To date and to the best of our knowledge, this is a concise and complete review article of the current and previous relevant studies conducted in the field of production, purification of siderophore compounds and their metal complexes, and their roles in biology and medicine.
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17
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Genotoxic effect of ethacrynic acid and impact of antioxidants. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 286:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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18
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Ji C, Miller MJ. Siderophore-fluoroquinolone conjugates containing potential reduction-triggered linkers for drug release: synthesis and antibacterial activity. Biometals 2015; 28:541-51. [PMID: 25663417 PMCID: PMC5808879 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-015-9830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses of two Siderophore-fluoroquinolone conjugates with a potential reduction triggered linker for drug release are described. The "trimethyl lock" based linker incorporated in the conjugates was designed to be activated by taking advantage of the reductive pathway of bacterial iron metabolism. Electrochemical and LC-MS studies indicated that the linker is thermodynamically reducible by common biological reductants and the expected lactonization proceeds rapidly with concomitant release of the drug. Antibacterial activity assays revealed that conjugates with the reduction-triggered linker were more potent than their counterparts with a stable linker, which suggests that drug release occurs inside bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, United States
| | - Marvin J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, United States
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Liu M, Lin L, Gebremariam T, Luo G, Skory CD, French SW, Chou TF, Edwards JE, Ibrahim AS. Fob1 and Fob2 Proteins Are Virulence Determinants of Rhizopus oryzae via Facilitating Iron Uptake from Ferrioxamine. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004842. [PMID: 25974051 PMCID: PMC4431732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dialysis patients with chronic renal failure receiving deferoxamine for treating iron overload are uniquely predisposed for mucormycosis, which is most often caused by Rhizopus oryzae. Although the deferoxamine siderophore is not secreted by Mucorales, previous studies established that Rhizopus species utilize iron from ferrioxamine (iron-rich form of deferoxamine). Here we determined that the CBS domain proteins of Fob1 and Fob2 act as receptors on the cell surface of R. oryzae during iron uptake from ferrioxamine. Fob1 and Fob2 cell surface expression was induced in the presence of ferrioxamine and bound radiolabeled ferrioxamine. A R. oryzae strain with targeted reduced Fob1/Fob2 expression was impaired for iron uptake, germinating, and growing on medium with ferrioxamine as the sole source of iron. This strain also exhibited reduced virulence in a deferoxamine-treated, but not the diabetic ketoacidotic (DKA), mouse model of mucormycosis. The mechanism by which R. oryzae obtains iron from ferrioxamine involves the reductase/permease uptake system since the growth on ferrioxamine supplemented medium is associated with elevated reductase activity and the use of the ferrous chelator bathophenanthroline disulfonate abrogates iron uptake and growth on medium supplemented with ferrioxamine as a sole source of iron. Finally, R. oryzae mutants with reduced copies of the high affinity iron permease (FTR1) or with decreased FTR1 expression had an impaired iron uptake from ferrioxamine in vitro and reduced virulence in the deferoxamine-treated mouse model of mucormycosis. These two receptors appear to be conserved in Mucorales, and can be the subject of future novel therapy to maintain the use of deferoxamine for treating iron-overload. Deferoxamine is an iron-chelating agent often used to treat patients with acute iron poisoning, such as seen in dialysis patients with chronic renal failure. These patients are uniquely predisposed to a deadly fungal infection, called mucormycosis, because deferoxamine supplies iron that supports growth of fungi causing this infection. Apart from the important basic knowledge in delineating iron uptake mechanisms in cells, understanding how organisms causing mucormycosis obtain iron from ferrioxamine (deferoxamine bound with iron) is likely to develop strategies to treat mucormycosis infections in patients treated with deferoxamine. In this study we identified two cell surface receptors that bind ferrioxamine and facilitate iron uptake in Rhizopus oryzae, the most causative fungus of mucormycosis. These receptors are required for full virulence of R. oryzae in mice treated with deferoxamine. From genetic and biochemical studies it appears that the fungus binds ferrioxamine via these two receptors then liberates iron through a chemical modification step prior to transporting into the fungal cell without the internalization of deferoxamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfu Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Lin Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America; David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Teclegiorgis Gebremariam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Guanpingsheng Luo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher D Skory
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Samuel W French
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America; Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tsui-Fen Chou
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - John E Edwards
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America; David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ashraf S Ibrahim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America; David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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20
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Lifa T, Tieu W, Hocking RK, Codd R. Forward and Reverse (Retro) Iron(III) or Gallium(III) Desferrioxamine E and Ring-Expanded Analogues Prepared Using Metal-Templated Synthesis from endo-Hydroxamic Acid Monomers. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:3573-83. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tulip Lifa
- School of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology) and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - William Tieu
- School of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology) and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Rosalie K. Hocking
- College of Science, Technology & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Rachel Codd
- School of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology) and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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21
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Red soils harbor diverse culturable actinomycetes that are promising sources of novel secondary metabolites. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:3086-103. [PMID: 25724963 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03859-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Red soils, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of southern China, are characterized by low organic carbon, high content of iron oxides, and acidity and, hence, are likely to be ideal habitats for acidophilic actinomycetes. However, the diversity and biosynthetic potential of actinomycetes in such habitats are underexplored. Here, a total of 600 actinomycete strains were isolated from red soils collected in Jiangxi Province in southeast China. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed a high diversity of the isolates, which were distributed into 26 genera, 10 families, and 7 orders within the class Actinobacteria; these taxa contained at least 49 phylotypes that are likely to represent new species within 15 genera. The isolates showed good physiological potentials for biosynthesis and biocontrol. Chemical screening of 107 semirandomly selected isolates spanning 20 genera revealed the presence of at least 193 secondary metabolites from 52 isolates, of which 125 compounds from 39 isolates of 12 genera were putatively novel. Macrolides, polyethers, diketopiperazines, and siderophores accounted for most of the known compounds. The structures of six novel compounds were elucidated, two of which had a unique skeleton and represented characteristic secondary metabolites of a putative novel Streptomyces phylotype. These results demonstrate that red soils are rich reservoirs for diverse culturable actinomycetes, notably members of the families Streptomycetaceae, Pseudonocardiaceae, and Streptosporangiaceae, with the capacity to synthesize novel bioactive compounds.
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22
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Pseudomonas fluorescens pirates both ferrioxamine and ferricoelichelin siderophores from Streptomyces ambofaciens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:3132-41. [PMID: 25724953 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03520-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential in many biological processes. However, its bioavailability is reduced in aerobic environments, such as soil. To overcome this limitation, microorganisms have developed different strategies, such as iron chelation by siderophores. Some bacteria have even gained the ability to detect and utilize xenosiderophores, i.e., siderophores produced by other organisms. We illustrate an example of such an interaction between two soil bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain BBc6R8 and Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC 23877, which produce the siderophores pyoverdine and enantiopyochelin and the siderophores desferrioxamines B and E and coelichelin, respectively. During pairwise cultures on iron-limiting agar medium, no induction of siderophore synthesis by P. fluorescens BBc6R8 was observed in the presence of S. ambofaciens ATCC 23877. Cocultures with a Streptomyces mutant strain that produced either coelichelin or desferrioxamines, as well as culture in a medium supplemented with desferrioxamine B, resulted in the absence of pyoverdine production; however, culture with a double mutant deficient in desferrioxamines and coelichelin production did not. This strongly suggests that P. fluorescens BBbc6R8 utilizes the ferrioxamines and ferricoelichelin produced by S. ambofaciens as xenosiderophores and therefore no longer activates the production of its own siderophores. A screening of a library of P. fluorescens BBc6R8 mutants highlighted the involvement of the TonB-dependent receptor FoxA in this process: the expression of foxA and genes involved in the regulation of its biosynthesis was induced in the presence of S. ambofaciens. In a competitive environment, such as soil, siderophore piracy could well be one of the driving forces that determine the outcome of microbial competition.
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23
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Harrington JM, Duckworth OW, Haselwandter K. The fate of siderophores: antagonistic environmental interactions in exudate-mediated micronutrient uptake. Biometals 2015; 28:461-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-015-9821-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Druteikienė R, Lukšienė B, Pečiulytė D, Mažeika K, Gudelis A, Baltrūnas D. Behaviour of 99Tc in aqueous solutions in the presence of iron oxides and microorganisms. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 89:85-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Torres MA, West AJ, Nealson K. Microbial Acceleration of Olivine Dissolution via Siderophore Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeps.2014.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Kruft BI, Harrington JM, Duckworth OW, Jarzęcki AA. Quantum mechanical investigation of aqueous desferrioxamine B metal complexes: Trends in structure, binding, and infrared spectroscopy. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 129:150-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Effects of actinobacteria on plant disease suppression and growth promotion. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:9621-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Sidebottom AM, Johnson AR, Karty JA, Trader DJ, Carlson EE. Integrated metabolomics approach facilitates discovery of an unpredicted natural product suite from Streptomyces coelicolor M145. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:2009-16. [PMID: 23777274 DOI: 10.1021/cb4002798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural products exhibit a broad range of biological properties and have been a crucial source of therapeutic agents and novel scaffolds. Although bacterial secondary metabolomes are widely explored, they remain incompletely cataloged by current isolation and characterization strategies. To identify metabolites residing in unexplored chemical space, we have developed an integrated discovery approach that combines bacterial growth perturbation, accurate mass spectrometry, comparative mass spectra data analysis, and fragmentation spectra clustering for the identification of low-abundant, novel compounds from complex biological matrices. In this investigation, we analyzed the secreted metabolome of the extensively studied Actinomycete, Streptomyces coelicolor M145, and discovered a low-abundant suite of 15 trihydroxamate, amphiphilic siderophores. Compounds in this class have primarily been observed in marine microorganisms making their detection in the soil-dwelling S. coelicolor M145 significant. At least 10 of these ferrioxamine-based molecules are not known to be produced by any organism, and none have previously been detected from S. coelicolor M145. In addition, we confirmed the production of ferrioxamine D1, a relatively hydrophilic family member that has not been shown to be biosynthesized by this organism. The identified molecules are part of only a small list of secondary metabolites that have been discovered since sequencing of S. coelicolor M145 revealed that it possessed numerous putative secondary metabolite-producing gene clusters with no known metabolites. Thus, the identified siderophores represent the unexplored metabolic potential of both well-studied and new organisms that could be uncovered with our sensitive and robust approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M. Sidebottom
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular
and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Andrew R. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular
and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Karty
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular
and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Darci J. Trader
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular
and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Erin E. Carlson
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular
and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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Yacob T, Pandey S, Silverstein J, Rajaram H. Soluble microbial products decrease pyrite oxidation by ferric iron at pH < 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:8658-8665. [PMID: 23777272 DOI: 10.1021/es400828g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Research on microbial activity in acid mine drainage (AMD) has focused on transformations of iron and sulfur. However, carbon cycling, including formation of soluble microbial products (SMP) from cell growth and decay, is an important biogeochemical component of the AMD environment. Experiments were conducted to study the interaction of SMP with soluble ferric iron in acidic conditions, particularly the formation of complexes that inhibit its effectiveness as the primary oxidant of pyrite during AMD generation. The rate of pyrite oxidation by ferric iron in sterile suspensions at pH 1.8 was reduced by 87% in the presence of SMP produced from autoclaved cells at a ratio of 0.3 mg DOC per mg total soluble ferric iron. Inhibition of pyrite oxidation by SMP was shown to be comparable to, but weaker than, the effect of a chelating synthetic siderophore, DFAM. Two computational models incorporating SMP complexation were fitted to experimental results. Results suggest that bacterially produced organic matter can play a role in slowing pyrite oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfayohanes Yacob
- Departments of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado , 428 UCB, ECOT 441, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.
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30
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Kodani S, Bicz J, Song L, Deeth RJ, Ohnishi-Kameyama M, Yoshida M, Ochi K, Challis GL. Structure and biosynthesis of scabichelin, a novel tris-hydroxamate siderophore produced by the plant pathogen Streptomyces scabies 87.22. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:4686-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40536b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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31
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Divergent effects of desferrioxamine on bacterial growth and characteristics. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2012; 66:199-203. [PMID: 23232933 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2012.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Desferrioxamines (DF's) are siderophores produced by some groups of bacteria. Previously, we discovered that DFE, produced by Streptomyces griseus, induced divergent developmental phenotypes in various Streptomyces isolates. In this study, we isolated bacteria whose phenotype was affected by the presence of 0.1 mM DFB from soil samples, and studied their phylogenetic position via 16 S rRNA gene-based analysis. Isolates belonging to Microbacterium grew only in the presence of DFB in the medium. DFB promoted growth of some isolates, while significantly inhibiting that of other divergent bacteria. Different groups of isolates were affected, not because of growth-related changes, but because of changes in the colony morphology based on possible stimulation of motility. An isolate affiliated with Janthinobacterium was stimulated for violacein production as well as for pilus formation. The wide and divergent effects of DFB suggest that availability of siderophores significantly affect the structure of microbial community.
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32
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Roberts AA, Schultz AW, Kersten RD, Dorrestein PC, Moore BS. Iron acquisition in the marine actinomycete genus Salinispora is controlled by the desferrioxamine family of siderophores. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2012; 335:95-103. [PMID: 22812504 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2012.02641.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many bacteria produce siderophores for sequestration of growth-essential iron. Analysis of the Salinispora genomes suggests that these marine actinomycetes support multiple hydroxamate- and phenolate-type siderophore pathways. We isolated and characterized desferrioxamines (DFOs) B and E from all three recognized Salinispora species and linked their biosyntheses in S. tropica CNB-440 and S. arenicola CNS-205 to the des locus through PCR-directed mutagenesis. Gene inactivation of the predicted iron-chelator biosynthetic loci sid2-4 did not abolish siderophore chemistry. Additionally, these pathways could not restore the native growth characteristics of the des mutants in iron-limited media, although differential iron-dependent regulation was observed for the yersiniabactin-like sid2 pathway. Consequently, this study indicates that DFOs are the primary siderophores in laboratory cultures of Salinispora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A Roberts
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Genome-based cryptic gene discovery and functional identification of NRPS siderophore peptide in Streptomyces peucetius. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:1213-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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34
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Ji C, Miller MJ. Chemical syntheses and in vitro antibacterial activity of two desferrioxamine B-ciprofloxacin conjugates with potential esterase and phosphatase triggered drug release linkers. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3828-36. [PMID: 22608921 PMCID: PMC3364023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Two desferrioxamine B-ciprofloxacin conjugates with 'trimethyl-lock' based linkers that are designed to release the antibiotic after esterase or phosphatase-mediated hydrolysis were synthesized. The potential esterase-sensitive conjugate 13 displayed moderate to good antibacterial activities against selected ferrioxamine-utilizing bacteria, although the activities were lower than the parent drug ciprofloxacin. However, the potential phophatase-sensitive conjugate 23 was inactive against the same panel of organisms tested. These properties appeared to be related to the activating efficiency of the linker by the enzyme and to the outer membrane protein recognition of the chemically modified siderophore used in the conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, United States
| | - Marvin J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, United States
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35
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Longpre J, Loo G. Inhibition of deoxycholate-induced apoptosis in iron-depleted HCT-116 cells. Apoptosis 2012; 17:70-8. [PMID: 21938477 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The bile acid, deoxycholate (DOC), can induce apoptosis in cells containing adequate amounts of all key nutrients, but it is unknown whether DOC-induced apoptosis can occur in cells lacking a single key nutrient. The aim of this study was to determine if DOC is able to induce apoptosis in HCT-116 colon epithelial cells depleted of iron. The cells were made iron-deficient by pre-treating them with the iron chelator, deferoxamine (DFO), before subsequent exposure to DOC. Mitochondrial dysfunction was detected in control cells exposed to DOC, but not in iron-depleted cells exposed to DOC. Moreover, characteristic features of apoptosis, namely, membrane blebbing, formation of apoptotic bodies, cytochrome c release into cytosol, generation of the activated form of caspase-3, chromatin condensation and fragmentation, and also plasma membrane phospholipid translocation, were all induced by DOC in control cells but not in iron-depleted cells. Treating DFO-pretreated cells with ferrous sulfate to replenish cellular iron restored the ability of DOC to induce apoptosis. In relating these findings to oxidative stress, it was found that DOC also induced the formation of reactive oxygen species and caused DNA damage in control cells, but not in iron-depleted cells. Collectively, the results suggest that in order for HCT-116 cells to undergo apoptosis when exposed to DOC, adequate amounts of intracellular iron must be present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Longpre
- Department of Nutrition, Cellular and Molecular Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
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36
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Martín JF, Liras P. Cascades and networks of regulatory genes that control antibiotic biosynthesis. Subcell Biochem 2012; 64:115-138. [PMID: 23080248 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5055-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Onset of the biosynthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites in batch cultures of actinomycetes occurs after the rapid growth phase, following a transition phase which involves complex metabolic changes. This transition is triggered by nutrient starvation or by other environmental stress signals. Expression of genes encoding bioactive secondary metabolites is governed by cascades of pathway specific regulators and networks of cross-talking global regulators. Pathway specific regulators such as Streptomyces antibiotic regulatory proteins, LAL-type and LysR-type regulators respond to autoregulatory proteins that act in concert with their cognate ligands (e.g. γ-butyrolactone receptor proteins and their cognate γ-butyrolactone ligands). Global regulators such as PhoR-PhoP and other two component systems and orphan response regulators, such as GlnR, control set of genes affecting primary and secondary metabolism. GlnR and, therefore, nitrogen metabolism genes are under phosphate control exerted by binding of PhoP to PHO boxes located in the promoter region of GlnR. A few pleiotropic regulatory genes, such as areB (ndgR), dmdR1 or dasR connect primary metabolism (amino acid biosynthesis, N-acetylglucosamine or iron levels) with antibiotic biosynthesis. Some atypical response regulators that require specific small ligands appear to be involved in feedback control of antibiotic production. All these mechanisms together modulate, in a coordinated manner, different aspects of Streptomyces metabolism as a real "protection net" that prevents drastic changes in metabolism that may be deleterious for cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Martín
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of León, León, 24071, Spain,
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37
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Wen Y, Wu X, Teng Y, Qian C, Zhan Z, Zhao Y, Li O. Identification and analysis of the gene cluster involved in biosynthesis of paenibactin, a catecholate siderophore produced by Paenibacillus elgii B69. Environ Microbiol 2011; 13:2726-37. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02542.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Tunca S, Barreiro C, Coque JJR, Martín JF. Two overlapping antiparallel genes encoding the iron regulator DmdR1 and the Adm proteins control sidephore and antibiotic biosynthesis in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). FEBS J 2009; 276:4814-27. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Patel AK, Ahire JJ, Pawar SP, Chaudhari BL, Chincholkar SB. Comparative accounts of probiotic characteristics of Bacillus spp. isolated from food wastes. Food Res Int 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2009.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Patel AK, Ahire JJ, Pawar SP, Chaudhari BL, Shouche YS, Chincholkar SB. Evaluation of Probiotic Characteristics of Siderophoregenic Bacillus spp. Isolated from Dairy Waste. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 160:140-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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41
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Duckworth OW, Bargar JR, Sposito G. Quantitative structure-activity relationships for aqueous metal-siderophore complexes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:343-349. [PMID: 19238962 DOI: 10.1021/es802044y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Siderophores, biogenic chelating agents that facilitate the solubilization and uptake of ferric iron, form stable complexes with a wide range of nutrient and contaminant metals and thus may profoundly affect their fate, transport, and biogeochemical cycling. To understand more comprehensively the factors that control the stability and reactivity, as well as the potential for microbial uptake, of metal-siderophore complexes, we probed the structures of complexes formed between the trihydroxamate siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFOB) and Cu(II), Ga(III), Mn(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) in solution by using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. We find that all metals studied are dominantly in octahedral coordination, with significant Jahn-Teller distortion of the Cu(II)HDFOB(0) complex. Additionally, log-transformed complex stability constants correlate not only with the charge-normalized interatomic distances within the complex, affirming and expanding existing predictive relationships, but also with the Debye-Waller parameter of the first coordination shell. The derived structure-activity relationships not only quantitatively relate the measured physical architecture of aqueous complexes to their observed stability but also allow for the prediction of siderophore-metal stability constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen W Duckworth
- Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7619, USA
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Patel AK, Deshattiwar MK, Chaudhari BL, Chincholkar SB. Production, purification and chemical characterization of the catecholate siderophore from potent probiotic strains of Bacillus spp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:368-373. [PMID: 18585911 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Revised: 05/04/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to characterize the probiotic qualities of Bacillus isolates and study their siderophore prior to possible siderophoregenic probiotic application for iron nutrition in animals and humans. Bacillus strains were selectively isolated from dairy waste and mango pulp waste. Best two siderophore positive isolates, JHT3 and DET6 showed high homology with Bacillus megaterium (98%) and B. subtilis (99%), respectively, using partial 16S-rRNA sequencing and biochemical characterization. These isolates produced catecholate type of siderophore under iron stressed conditions and were screened for probiotic properties as per WHO and FAO guidelines. Spores of these strains showed excellent tolerance in partially simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions and exhibited antimicrobial activity against organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus flavus and Escherichia coli. Importantly, these isolates were susceptible to the most of the antibiotics tested, in conflict that they would not donate resistance determinants if administered in the form of probiotic preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Patel
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, India
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Crumbliss AL, Harrington JM. Iron sequestration by small molecules: Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of natural siderophores and synthetic model compounds. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0898-8838(09)00204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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44
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Actinomycetes isolated from medicinal plant rhizosphere soils: diversity and screening of antifungal compounds, indole-3-acetic acid and siderophore production. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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45
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Mining microbial genomes for new natural products and biosynthetic pathways. Microbiology (Reading) 2008; 154:1555-1569. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2008/018523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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46
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Wei X, Sayavedra-Soto LA, Arp DJ. Characterization of the ferrioxamine uptake system of Nitrosomonas europaea. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2007; 153:3963-3972. [PMID: 18048911 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2007/010603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemolithoautotroph Nitrosomonas europaea has two genes predicted to encode outer-membrane (OM) ferrioxamine transporters. Expression of the ferrioxamine uptake system required induction, as shown by the shorter lag phase in ferrioxamine-containing cultures when ferrioxamine-exposed cells were used as an inoculum. The two OM ferrioxamine siderophore transporters encoded by foxA(1) (NE1097) and foxA(2) (NE1088) were produced only in cells grown in Fe-limited ferrioxamine-containing medium. The inactivation of foxA(1), singly or in combination with foxA(2), prevented growth in Fe-limited medium containing excess desferrioxamine (DFX). The foxA(2)-disrupted single mutant grew poorly in the regular Fe-limited (0.2 microM) medium with 10 microM DFX, but grew well when the Fe level was raised to 1.0 microM with 10 microM DFX. For efficient acquisition of Fe-loaded ferrioxamine, N. europaea needs both ferrioxamine transporters FoxA(1) and FoxA(2). FoxA(1) probably regulates its own production, and it controls the production of FoxA(2) as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Wei
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902, USA
| | - Luis A Sayavedra-Soto
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902, USA
| | - Daniel J Arp
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902, USA
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Lautru S, Oves-Costales D, Pernodet JL, Challis GL. MbtH-like protein-mediated cross-talk between non-ribosomal peptide antibiotic and siderophore biosynthetic pathways in Streptomyces coelicolor M145. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2007; 153:1405-1412. [PMID: 17464054 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2006/003145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
MbtH-like proteins are a family of small proteins encoded by genes found in many, but not all, non-ribosomal peptide synthetase-encoding gene clusters that direct the biosynthesis of peptide antibiotics and siderophores. Studies published to date have not elucidated the function of MbtH-like proteins, nor have they clarified whether they are required for metabolite biosynthesis. Here it is shown that only one of two genes (cdaX or cchK) encoding MbtH-like proteins in Streptomyces coelicolor is required for biosynthesis of the peptide siderophore coelichelin and the calcium-dependent peptide antibiotic (CDA). The cdaX and cchK genes can functionally complement each other in trans, suggesting that CdaX and CchK can cross-talk with the coelichelin and CDA biosynthetic pathways, respectively. Transcriptional analyses of wild-type S. coelicolor and a double cchK/cdaX replacement mutant indicate that CchK and CdaX may not be involved in transcriptional regulation of coelichelin and CDA biosynthetic gene clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Lautru
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Jean-Luc Pernodet
- Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, UMR CNRS 8621, Université Paris-Sud 11, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Gregory L Challis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Tunca S, Barreiro C, Sola-Landa A, Coque JJR, Martín JF. Transcriptional regulation of the desferrioxamine gene cluster of Streptomyces coelicolor is mediated by binding of DmdR1 to an iron box in the promoter of the desA gene. FEBS J 2007; 274:1110-22. [PMID: 17257267 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05662.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces pilosus produce desferrioxamine siderophores which are encoded by the desABCD gene cluster. S. pilosus is used for the production of desferrioxamine B which is utilized in human medicine. We report the deletion of the desA gene encoding a lysine decarboxylase in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). The DeltadesA mutant was able to grow on lysine as the only carbon and nitrogen source but its desferrioxamine production was blocked, confirming that the L-lysine decarboxylase encoded by desA is a dedicated enzyme committing L-lysine to desferrioxamine biosynthesis. Production of desferrioxamine was restored by complementation with the whole wild-type desABCD cluster, but not by desA alone, because of a polar effect of the desA gene replacement on expression of the downstream des genes. The transcription pattern of the desABCD cluster in S. coelicolor showed that all four genes were coordinately induced under conditions of iron deprivation. The transcription start point of the desA gene was identified by primer extension analysis at a thymine located 62 nucleotides upstream of the translation start codon. The -10 region of the desA promoter overlaps the 19-nucleotide palindromic iron box sequence known to be involved in iron regulation in Streptomyces. Binding of DmdR1 divalent metal-dependent regulatory protein to the desA promoter region of both S. coelicolor and S. pilosus was shown using electrophoretic mobility-shift assays, validating the conclusion that iron regulation of the desABCD cluster is mediated by the regulatory protein DmdR1. We conclude that the genes involved in desferrioxamine production are under transcriptional control exerted by the DmdR1 regulator in the presence of iron and are expressed under conditions of iron limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedef Tunca
- Instituto de Biotecnología, INBIOTEC, León, Spain
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Bunyaviroch T, Aggarwal A, Oates ME. Optimized scintigraphic evaluation of infection and inflammation: role of single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography fusion imaging. Semin Nucl Med 2006; 36:295-311. [PMID: 16950147 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2006.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Gallium-67 citrate and radiolabeled white blood cells have become standard inflammation/infection-seeking agents whereas other agents, such as (99m)Tc diphosphonates, commonly are used to infer an infectious process. These radiopharmaceuticals reflect physiologic and pathologic function rather than anatomical abnormality. In the clinical setting, it is often necessary to correlate these functional studies with anatomical imaging. The advent of single-photon emission computed tomography, as well as positron emission tomography, provides tomographic images for direct correlation to anatomic modalities such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The methods by which these functional and anatomic imaging modalities are correlated include side-by-side, software, and hardware fusion. Clinically, fusion imaging has been applied primarily to oncologic and neurologic applications. The literature supports the premise that multimodality fusion would increase the specificity of the physiologic modality and increase the sensitivity of the anatomic modality. Our institution uses software fusion to aid in the diagnosis of infection and inflammation. Through case vignettes, we illustrate applications for single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography fusion for the diagnosis of infection and inflammation in multiple organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tira Bunyaviroch
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Radiology Section, Boston Medical Center/Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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50
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Barona-Gómez F, Lautru S, Francou FX, Leblond P, Pernodet JL, Challis GL. Multiple biosynthetic and uptake systems mediate siderophore-dependent iron acquisition in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC 23877. Microbiology (Reading) 2006; 152:3355-3366. [PMID: 17074905 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.29161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Siderophore-mediated iron acquisition has been well studied in many bacterial pathogens because it contributes to virulence. In contrast, siderophore-mediated iron acquisition by saprophytic bacteria has received relatively little attention. The independent identification of the des and cch gene clusters that direct production of the tris-hydroxamate ferric iron-chelators desferrioxamine E and coelichelin, respectively, which could potentially act as siderophores in the saprophyte Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), has recently been reported. Here it is shown that the des cluster also directs production of desferrioxamine B in S. coelicolor and that very similar des and cch clusters direct production of desferrioxamines E and B, and coelichelin, respectively, in Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC 23877. Sequence analyses of the des and cch clusters suggest that components of ferric-siderophore uptake systems are also encoded within each cluster. The construction and analysis of a series of mutants of S. coelicolor lacking just biosynthetic genes or both the biosynthetic and siderophore uptake genes from the des and cch clusters demonstrated that coelichelin and desferrioxamines E and B all function as siderophores in this organism and that at least one of these metabolites is required for growth under defined conditions even in the presence of significant quantities of ferric iron. These experiments also demonstrated that a third siderophore uptake system must be present in S. coelicolor, in addition to the two encoded within the cch and des clusters, which show selectivity for coelichelin and desferrioxamine E, respectively. The ability of the S. coelicolor mutants to utilize a range of exogenous xenosiderophores for iron acquisition was also examined, showing that the third siderophore-iron transport system has broad specificity for tris-hydroxamate-containing siderophores. Together, these results define a complex system of multiple biosynthetic and uptake pathways for siderophore-mediated iron acquisition in S. coelicolor and S. ambofaciens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvie Lautru
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Francois-Xavier Francou
- CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, UMR 8621, Université Paris-Sud 11, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Leblond
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Microbiologie, UMR INRA 1128 IFR 110, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Henri Poincaré Nancy 1, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Luc Pernodet
- CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, UMR 8621, Université Paris-Sud 11, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Gregory L Challis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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