1
|
Sheng Q, Zhang MY, Liu SM, Chen ZW, Yang PL, Zhang HS, Liu MY, Li K, Zhao LS, Liu NH, Liu LN, Chen XL, Hobbs JK, Foster SJ, Zhang YZ, Su HN. In situ visualization of Braun's lipoprotein on E. coli sacculi. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd8659. [PMID: 36662863 PMCID: PMC9858504 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add8659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Braun's lipoprotein (Lpp) plays a major role in stabilizing the integrity of the cell envelope in Escherichia coli, as it provides a covalent cross-link between the outer membrane and the peptidoglycan layer. An important challenge in elucidating the physiological role of Lpp lies in attaining a detailed understanding of its distribution on the peptidoglycan layer. Here, using atomic force microscopy, we visualized Lpp directly on peptidoglycan sacculi. Lpp is homogeneously distributed over the outer surface of the sacculus at a high density. However, it is absent at the constriction site during cell division, revealing its role in the cell division process with Pal, another cell envelope-associated protein. Collectively, we have established a framework to elucidate the distribution of Lpp and other peptidoglycan-bound proteins via a direct imaging modality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Meng-Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Si-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhuo-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Pei-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hong-Su Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Meng-Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Long-Sheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ning-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jamie K. Hobbs
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon J. Foster
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hai-Nan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schwechheimer C, Rodriguez DL, Kuehn MJ. NlpI-mediated modulation of outer membrane vesicle production through peptidoglycan dynamics in Escherichia coli. Microbiologyopen 2015; 4:375-89. [PMID: 25755088 PMCID: PMC4475382 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are ubiquitously secreted from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. These heterogeneous structures are composed of OM filled with periplasmic content from the site of budding. By analyzing mutants that have vesicle production phenotypes, we can gain insight into the mechanism of OMV budding in wild-type cells, which has thus far remained elusive. In this study, we present data demonstrating that the hypervesiculation phenotype of the nlpI deletion mutant of Escherichia coli correlates with changes in peptidoglycan (PG) dynamics. Our data indicate that in stationary phase cultures the nlpI mutant exhibits increased PG synthesis that is dependent on spr, consistent with a model in which NlpI controls the activity of the PG endopeptidase Spr. In log phase, the nlpI mutation was suppressed by a dacB mutation, suggesting that NlpI regulates penicillin-binding protein 4 (PBP4) during exponential growth. The data support a model in which NlpI negatively regulates PBP4 activity during log phase, and Spr activity during stationary phase, and that in the absence of NlpI, the cell survives by increasing PG synthesis. Further, the nlpI mutant exhibited a significant decrease in covalent outer membrane (OM-PG) envelope stabilizing cross-links, consistent with its high level of OMV production. Based on these results, we propose that one mechanism wild-type Gram-negative bacteria can use to modulate vesiculation is by altering PG-OM cross-linking via localized modulation of PG degradation and synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Schwechheimer
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710
| | - Daniel L Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710
| | - Meta J Kuehn
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Buddelmeijer N. The molecular mechanism of bacterial lipoprotein modification—How, when and why? FEMS Microbiol Rev 2015; 39:246-61. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuu006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
4
|
Den Blaauwen T, de Pedro MA, Nguyen-Distèche M, Ayala JA. Morphogenesis of rod-shaped sacculi. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2008; 32:321-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2007.00090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
5
|
Gerding MA, Ogata Y, Pecora ND, Niki H, de Boer PAJ. The trans-envelope Tol-Pal complex is part of the cell division machinery and required for proper outer-membrane invagination during cell constriction in E. coli. Mol Microbiol 2007; 63:1008-25. [PMID: 17233825 PMCID: PMC4428343 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fission of bacterial cells involves the co-ordinated invagination of the envelope layers. Invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane (IM) and peptidoglycan (PG) layer is likely driven by the septal ring organelle. Invagination of the outer membrane (OM) in Gram-negative species is thought to occur passively via its tethering to the underlying PG layer with generally distributed PG-binding OM (lipo)proteins. The Tol-Pal system is energized by proton motive force and is well conserved in Gram-negative bacteria. It consists of five proteins that can connect the OM to both the PG and IM layers via protein-PG and protein-protein interactions. Although the system is needed to maintain full OM integrity, and for class A colicins and filamentous phages to enter cells, its precise role has remained unclear. We show that all five components accumulate at constriction sites in Escherichia coli and that mutants lacking an intact system suffer delayed OM invagination and contain large OM blebs at constriction sites and cell poles. We propose that Tol-Pal constitutes a dynamic subcomplex of the division apparatus in Gram-negative bacteria that consumes energy to establish transient trans-envelope connections at/near the septal ring to draw the OM onto the invaginating PG and IM layers during constriction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Gerding
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Ogata
- Radioisotope Center, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Nicole D. Pecora
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hironori Niki
- Radioisotope Center, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Microbial Genetics Laboratory, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Piet A. J. de Boer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- For correspondence. ; Tel. (+1) 216 368 1697; Fax (+1) 216 368 3055
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Geng T, Kim KP, Gomez R, Sherman DM, Bashir R, Ladisch MR, Bhunia AK. Expression of cellular antigens of Listeria monocytogenes that react with monoclonal antibodies C11E9 and EM-7G1 under acid-, salt- or temperature-induced stress environments. J Appl Microbiol 2003; 95:762-72. [PMID: 12969290 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study the expression of cellular antigens of Listeria monocytogenes that react with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) C11E9 and EM-7G1 under acid-, salt- or temperature-induced stress environments. METHODS AND RESULTS The reaction patterns of antibodies to L. monocytogenes held in stressful environments for a short duration (3 h) or grown for extended periods (16-72 h) were investigated. During both short or prolonged exposure to stress environments of high temperature (45 degrees C) and NaCl (>1.5%, w/v), reactions of whole cells of L. monocytogenes to antibodies were severely affected as determined by ELISA and by the reduced expression of the antibody-reactive 66 kDa antigen in the Western blot assay. Conversely, cold (4-15 degrees C) or acid (pH 2-3) stress environments had very little effect on antigen expression or antibody reaction. Additionally, heat-killed cells showed reduced reactions to these antibodies when compared with unheated cells. Artificially created stress environments in hotdog slurry also affected the antigen expression in L. monocytogenes. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the antibody-reactive antigens were uniformly present on the surface of the cells. Morphological characteristics following growth in stressed environments revealed that heat stress at 45 degrees C caused L. monocytogenes cells to be elongated and to form clumps; whereas, osmotic stress (5.5% NaCl, w/v) caused filamentous appearance with multiple septa along the length of the cell. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that MAb C11E9 or EM-7G1 could detect L. monocytogenes from cold or acid-stress environments; however, they may show weaker reactions with heat or osmotically stressed cells or cells grown at 4 degrees C. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Bacteria in food are routinely subjected to various stresses, induced by cold, heat, salt or acid during processing and storage. Whether stresses would modify the expression of cellular antigens of L. monocytogenes is of a great concern for immunodetections in food products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Geng
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906-2009, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Deng WL, Huang HC. Cellular locations of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae HrcC and HrcJ proteins, required for harpin secretion via the type III pathway. J Bacteriol 1999; 181:2298-301. [PMID: 10094714 PMCID: PMC93649 DOI: 10.1128/jb.181.7.2298-2301.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete hrp-hrc-hrmA cluster of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61 encodes 28 polypeptides. A saprophytic bacterium carrying this cluster is capable of secreting HrpZ-a harpin encoded by hrpZ-in an hrp-dependent manner, which suggests that this cluster contains sufficient components to assemble functional type III secretion machinery. Sequence data show that HrcJ and HrcC are putative outer membrane proteins, and nonpolar mutagenesis demonstrates they are all required for HrpZ secretion. In this study, we investigated the cellular localization of the HrcC and HrcJ proteins by Triton solubilization, sucrose-gradient isopycnic centrifugation, and immunogold labeling of the bacterial cell surface. Our results indicate that HrcC is indeed an outer membrane protein and that HrcJ is located between both membranes. Their membrane localization suggests that they might be involved in the formation of a supramolecular structure for protein secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W L Deng
- Graduate Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
el Kouhen R, Bernadac A, Pagès JM. Colicin N interaction with sensitive Escherichia coli cells: in situ and kinetic approaches. Res Microbiol 1998; 149:645-51. [PMID: 9826920 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2508(99)80012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of colicin N binding to the Escherichia coli surface, comprising the recognition of and association with cell-surface-exposed sites of OmpF porin, is a rapid event taking place during the first seconds of incubation. Immunogold labelling demonstrates the membrane localization of the colicin N bound to sensitive cells. Analyses of colicin-induced efflux indicate a short lag before the onset of cytoplasmic K+ release. This delay reflects the time necessary for translocation from the external side and pore-forming insertion into the cytoplasmic membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R el Kouhen
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Medical School Health Sciences, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0347, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cornelis P, Sierra JC, Lim A, Malur A, Tungpradabkul S, Tazka H, Leitão A, Martins CV, di Perna C, Brys L, De Baetseller P, Hamers R. Development of new cloning vectors for the production of immunogenic outer membrane fusion proteins in Escherichia coli. BIO/TECHNOLOGY (NATURE PUBLISHING COMPANY) 1996; 14:203-8. [PMID: 9636324 DOI: 10.1038/nbt0296-203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipoprotein gene (oprI) was modified by cloning an in-frame polylinker in both orientations at the end of oprI. The resulting plasmids pVUB1 and pVUB2 allow high lipoprotein production in E. coli after IPTG induction. The modified lipoproteins are present in the outer membrane and surface-exposed. Outer membrane-bound fusion proteins of different sizes were produced and used to generate antibodies without use of adjuvant. An 87 bp DNA fragment from the vp72 capsid protein gene of African Swine Fever virus (ASFV) and the entire Leishmania major glycoprotein gp63 gene were expressed in this system. Finally, a fusion lipoprotein containing a 16 amino acid epitope from the pre-S2b region of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was presented by an antigen-presenting cell line to a T-cell hybridoma while the corresponding cross-linked S2b peptide was not. The results suggest that OprI-based fusion proteins can be used to generate both humoral and cellular immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Cornelis
- Laboratorium Algemene Biologie, Vrije Unviersiteit Brussel Vlaams Instituut Biotechnologie, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
De Hoop MJ, Valkema R, Kienhuis CB, Hoyer MA, Ab G. The peroxisomal import signal of amine oxidase from the yeast Hansenula polymorpha is not universal. Yeast 1992; 8:243-52. [PMID: 1514323 DOI: 10.1002/yea.320080402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M J De Hoop
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marvin HJ, ter Beest MB, Witholt B. Release of outer membrane fragments from wild-type Escherichia coli and from several E. coli lipopolysaccharide mutants by EDTA and heat shock treatments. J Bacteriol 1989; 171:5262-7. [PMID: 2507517 PMCID: PMC210360 DOI: 10.1128/jb.171.10.5262-5267.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
EDTA-induced outer membrane losses from whole cells of wild-type Escherichia coli (O111:B4) and several lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mutants derived from E. coli K-12 D21 were analyzed. EDTA treatment induced losses of LPS (up to 40%), outer membrane proteins OmpA, OmpF/C, and lipoprotein, periplasmic proteins, and phosphatidylethanolamine. The extent of these releases was strain specific. Successively more EDTA was necessary to induce these losses from strains containing LPS with increasing polysaccharide chain length. An additional heat shock immediately following the EDTA treatment had no effect on LPS release, but it decreased the release of outer membrane proteins and reduced the leakage of periplasmic proteins, suggesting that the temporary increase in outer membrane "permeability" caused by Ca2+-EDTA treatment was rapidly reversed by the redistribution of outer membrane components, a process which is favored by a mild heat shock. The fact that the material released from E. coli C600 showed a constant ratio of lipoprotein, OmpA, and phosphatidylethanolamine at all EDTA concentrations tested suggests that the material is lost as specific outer membrane patches. The envelope alterations caused by EDTA did not result in cell lysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J Marvin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Beesley JE. Colloidal gold electron immunocytochemistry: its potential in medical microbiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0888-0786(87)90003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
13
|
|