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Najari M, Moosavi-Nejad Z, Javaheri ESSJ, Asgarani E. Natural overproduction of catalase by Kocuria sp. ASB 107: extraction and semi-purification. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2017; 9:356-362. [PMID: 29487734 PMCID: PMC5825936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Because of importance of catalase in various industries, efforts have been made to find more suitable bacterial sources for catalase production. Kocuria is one of well-known catalase-producing genus. This is the first report about a new catalase-overproducing bacterial strain, Kocuria sp. ASB 107. MATERIALS AND METHODS Kocuria sp. ASB 107 had been isolated from Abe-Siah Spring in Ramsar in our previous report. The bacterial biomass freezed, thawed and then lysed by three different operations separately: ultrasound, lysing buffer and enzymatic digestion. The crude extract was subjected to ammonium sulfate precipitation (40 and 60% saturation). Quality and quantity of the semi-purification was checked by electrophoresis and measuring specific activity, respectively. RESULTS Kocuria sp. ASB 107 can be lysed by a freeze-thaw stage followed by lysozyme digestion and not by lysing buffer and not by ultrasound. Surprisingly specific activity of catalase in crude extract from Kocuria sp. ASB 107 was measured to be 195, 370 U/mg protein which is too much higher than other bacterial strains. The bacterium showed a relatively long growth curve about 40 hours. Semi-purification using ammonium sulfate precipitation was led in an increased specific activity up to about 7×106 U/mg protein implying more than 3.6-fold purification. CONCLUSION We have showed natural catalase-overproducing ability of Kocuria sp. ASB 107. Yield and purity of catalase from Kocuria sp. ASB 107 showed great potential in industrial application suggesting the strain as good source for mass production of catalase for treatment of H2O2-containing wastewater in comparison to other bacterial sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Moosavi-Nejad
- Corresponding author: Zahra Moosavi-Nejad, PhD, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, 1993893973, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-21-88058912, Fax: +98-21-88058912,
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Jones DL, Baxter BK. DNA Repair and Photoprotection: Mechanisms of Overcoming Environmental Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure in Halophilic Archaea. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1882. [PMID: 29033920 PMCID: PMC5626843 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Halophilic archaea push the limits of life at several extremes. In particular, they are noted for their biochemical strategies in dealing with osmotic stress, low water activity and cycles of desiccation in their hypersaline environments. Another feature common to their habitats is intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which is a challenge that microorganisms must overcome. The consequences of high UV exposure include DNA lesions arising directly from bond rearrangement of adjacent bipyrimidines, or indirectly from oxidative damage, which may ultimately result in mutation and cell death. As such, these microorganisms have evolved a number of strategies to navigate the threat of DNA damage, which we differentiate into two categories: DNA repair and photoprotection. Photoprotection encompasses damage avoidance strategies that serve as a "first line of defense," and in halophilic archaea include pigmentation by carotenoids, mechanisms of oxidative damage avoidance, polyploidy, and genomic signatures that make DNA less susceptible to photodamage. Photolesions that do arise are addressed by a number of DNA repair mechanisms that halophilic archaea efficiently utilize, which include photoreactivation, nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair, and homologous recombination. This review seeks to place DNA damage, repair, and photoprotection in the context of halophilic archaea and the solar radiation of their hypersaline environments. We also provide new insight into the breadth of strategies and how they may work together to produce remarkable UV-resistance for these microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bonnie K. Baxter
- Department of Biology, Great Salt Lake Institute, Westminster College, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Amoozegar MA, Siroosi M, Atashgahi S, Smidt H, Ventosa A. Systematics of haloarchaea and biotechnological potential of their hydrolytic enzymes. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:623-645. [PMID: 28548036 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Halophilic archaea, also referred to as haloarchaea, dominate hypersaline environments. To survive under such extreme conditions, haloarchaea and their enzymes have evolved to function optimally in environments with high salt concentrations and, sometimes, with extreme pH and temperatures. These features make haloarchaea attractive sources of a wide variety of biotechnological products, such as hydrolytic enzymes, with numerous potential applications in biotechnology. The unique trait of haloarchaeal enzymes, haloenzymes, to sustain activity under hypersaline conditions has extended the range of already-available biocatalysts and industrial processes in which high salt concentrations inhibit the activity of regular enzymes. In addition to their halostable properties, haloenzymes can also withstand other conditions such as extreme pH and temperature. In spite of these benefits, the industrial potential of these natural catalysts remains largely unexplored, with only a few characterized extracellular hydrolases. Because of the applied impact of haloarchaea and their specific ability to live in the presence of high salt concentrations, studies on their systematics have intensified in recent years, identifying many new genera and species. This review summarizes the current status of the haloarchaeal genera and species, and discusses the properties of haloenzymes and their potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Amoozegar
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Siroosi
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Atashgahi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Ventosa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Pedrini N, Juárez MP, Crespo R, de Alaniz MJ. Clues on the role ofBeauveria bassianacatalases in alkane degradation events. Mycologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2006.11832655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - María J.T. de Alaniz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, CONICET, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
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Lyu C, Hu S, Huang J, Luo M, Lu T, Mei L, Yao S. Contribution of the activated catalase to oxidative stress resistance and γ-aminobutyric acid production in Lactobacillus brevis. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 238:302-310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Luebke JL, Giedroc DP. Cysteine sulfur chemistry in transcriptional regulators at the host-bacterial pathogen interface. Biochemistry 2015; 54:3235-49. [PMID: 25946648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hosts employ myriad weapons to combat invading microorganisms as an integral feature of the host-bacterial pathogen interface. This interface is dominated by highly reactive small molecules that collectively induce oxidative stress. Successful pathogens employ transcriptional regulatory proteins that sense these small molecules directly or indirectly via a change in the ratio of reduced to oxidized low-molecular weight (LMW) thiols that collectively comprise the redox buffer in the cytoplasm. These transcriptional regulators employ either a prosthetic group or reactive cysteine residue(s) to effect changes in the transcription of genes that encode detoxification and repair systems that is driven by regulator conformational switching between high-affinity and low-affinity DNA-binding states. Cysteine harbors a highly polarizable sulfur atom that readily undergoes changes in oxidation state in response to oxidative stress to produce a range of regulatory post-translational modifications (PTMs), including sulfenylation (S-hydroxylation), mixed disulfide bond formation with LMW thiols (S-thiolation), di- and trisulfide bond formation, S-nitrosation, and S-alkylation. Here we discuss several examples of structurally characterized cysteine thiol-specific transcriptional regulators that sense changes in cellular redox balance, focusing on the nature of the cysteine PTM itself and the interplay of small molecule oxidative stressors in mediating a specific transcriptional response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Luebke
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - David P Giedroc
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
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Purification, cloning, expression, and biochemical characterization of a monofunctional catalase, KatP, from Pigmentiphaga sp. DL-8. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 108:54-61. [PMID: 25665507 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Catalases are essential components of the cellular equipment used to cope with oxidative stress. The monofunctional catalase KatP was purified from Pigmentiphaga sp. using ammonium sulfate precipitation (ASP), diethylaminoethyl ion exchange chromatography (IEC), and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC). The purified catalase formed polymer with an estimated monomer molecular mass of 54kDa, which were resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and zymogram analysis. KatP exhibited a specific catalytic activity of 73,000U/mg, which was higher than that of catalase-1 of Comamonas terrigena N3H (55,900U/mg). Seven short tryptic fragments of this catalase were obtained by electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF MS/MS), and the gene, katP, was cloned by PCR amplification and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Based on the complete amino acid sequence, KatP was identified as a clade 3 monofunctional catalase. The specific activities of recombinant KatP for hydrogen peroxide (690,000U/mg) increased 9-fold over that of the parent strain. The Km and Vmax of recombinant KatP were 9.48mM and 81.2mol/minmg, respectively. The optimal pH and temperature for KatP were 7.0 and 37°C, respectively, and the enzyme displayed abroad pH-stable range of 4.0-11.0. The enzyme was inhibited by Zn(2+), Cu(2+), Cr(2+), and Mn(2+), whereas Fe(3+) and Mg(2+) stimulated KatP enzymatic activity. Interestingly, the catalase activity of recombinant KatP displayed high stability under different temperature and pH conditions, suggesting that KatP is a potential candidate for the production of catalase.
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Sooch BS, Kauldhar BS, Puri M. Recent insights into microbial catalases: Isolation, production and purification. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1429-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Tian YS, Xu H, Xu J, Peng RH, Yao QH. Heterologous extracellular expression and initial characterization of the peroxisomal catalase from the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha in Pichia pastoris. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683813050141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zeng HW, Cai YJ, Liao XR, Zhang F, Zhang DB. Production, characterization, cloning and sequence analysis of a monofunctional catalase from Serratia marcescens
SYBC08. J Basic Microbiol 2010; 51:205-14. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Goyal MM, Basak A. Human catalase: looking for complete identity. Protein Cell 2010; 1:888-97. [PMID: 21204015 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-010-0113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalases are well studied enzymes that play critical roles in protecting cells against the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. The ubiquity of the enzyme and the availability of substrates made heme catalases the focus of many biochemical and molecular biology studies over 100 years. In human, this has been implicated in various physiological and pathological conditions. Advancement in proteomics revealed many of novel and previously unknown features of this mysterious enzyme, but some functional aspects are yet to be explained. Along with discussion on future research area, this mini-review compile the information available on the structure, function and mechanism of action of human catalase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur M Goyal
- Department of Biochemistry, J. N. Medical College, Datta Meghe Insatitute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), Wardha 442004, India.
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Zeng HW, Cai YJ, Liao XR, Qian SL, Zhang F, Zhang DB. Optimization of catalase production and purification and characterization of a novel cold-adapted Cat-2 from mesophilic bacterium Serratia marcescens SYBC-01. ANN MICROBIOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-010-0116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Nakayama M, Nakajima-Kambe T, Katayama H, Higuchi K, Kawasaki Y, Fuji R. High catalase production by Rhizobium radiobacter strain 2-1. J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 106:554-8. [PMID: 19134550 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.106.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To promote the application of catalase for treating wastewater containing hydrogen peroxide, bacteria exhibiting high catalase activity were screened. A bacterium, designated strain 2-1, with high catalase activity was isolated from the wastewater of a beverage factory that uses hydrogen peroxide. Strain 2-1 was identified as Rhizobium radiobacter (formerly known as Agrobacterium tumefaciens) on the basis of both phenotypic and genotypic characterizations. Although some strains of R. radiobacter are known plant pathogens, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed that strain 2-1 has no phytopathogenic factor. Compared with a type strain of R. radiobacter, the specific catalase activity of strain 2-1 was approximately 1000-fold. Moreover, Strain 2-1 grew faster and exhibited considerably higher catalase activity than other microorganisms that have been used for industrial catalase production. Strain 2-1 is harmless to humans and the environment and produces catalase efficiently, suggesting that strain 2-1 is a good resource for the mass production of catalase for the treatment of hydrogen peroxide-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Nakayama
- S.G. Laboratory Co., 2-35 Ohorikoen, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810-0051, Japan.
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Wang W, Sun M, Liu W, Zhang B. Purification and characterization of a psychrophilic catalase from Antarctic Bacillus. Can J Microbiol 2009; 54:823-8. [PMID: 18923550 DOI: 10.1139/w08-066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Catalase from Bacillus sp. N2a (BNC) isolated from Antarctic seawater was purified to homogeneity. BNC has a molecular mass of about 230 kDa and is composed of four identical subunits of 56 kDa. The catalase showed optimal activity at 25 degrees C and at a pH range of 6-11. The enzyme could be inhibited by azide, hydroxylamine, and mercaptoethanol. These characteristics suggested that BNC is a small-subunit monofunctional catalase. The activation energy of BNC was 13 kJ/mol and the apparent kcat/Km values were 3.6 x 10(6) and 4 x 10(6) L.mol(-1).s(-1) at 4 and 25 degrees C, respectively. High catalytic efficiency of BNC at low temperatures enables this bacterium to scavenge H2O2 efficiently. BNC exhibited activation energy, catalytic efficiency, and thermostability comparable with some mesophilic homologues. Such similarity of enzymatic characteristics to mesophilic homologues, although uncommon among the cold-adapted enzymes in general, has also been observed in other psychrophilic small-subunit monofunctional catalases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Marine Products and Enzyme Engineering Laboratory, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
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Wolf C, Hochgräfe F, Kusch H, Albrecht D, Hecker M, Engelmann S. Proteomic analysis of antioxidant strategies of Staphylococcus aureus: diverse responses to different oxidants. Proteomics 2008; 8:3139-53. [PMID: 18604844 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200701062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The high resolution 2-D protein gel electrophoresis technique combined with MALDI-TOF MS and a recently developed fluorescence-based thiol modification assay were used to investigate the cellular response of Staphylococcus aureus to oxidative stress. Addition of hydrogen peroxide, diamide, and the superoxide generating agent paraquat to exponentially growing cells revealed complex changes in the protein expression pattern. In particular, proteins involved in detoxification, repair systems, and intermediary metabolism were found to be up-regulated. Interestingly, there is only a small overlap of proteins induced by all these stressors. Exposure to hydrogen peroxide mediated a significant increase of DNA repair enzymes, whereas treatment with diamide affected proteins involved in protein repair and degradation. The activity of proteins under oxidative stress conditions can be modulated by oxidation of thiol groups. In growing cells, protein thiols were found to be mainly present in the reduced state. Diamide mediated a strong increase of reversibly oxidized thiols in a variety of metabolic enzymes. By contrast, hydrogen peroxide resulted in the reversible oxidation especially of proteins with active site cysteines. Moreover, high levels of hydrogen peroxide influenced the pI of three proteins containing cysteines within their active sites (GapA1, AhpC, and HchA) indicating the generation of sulfinic or sulfonic acid by irreversible oxidation of thiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Wolf
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald, Germany
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A novel thermo-alkali stable catalase–peroxidase from Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi subsp. incaldaniensis: purification and characterization. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang W, Sun M, Liu WS. Isolation and characterisation of H2O2-decomposing bacteria from Antarctic seawater. ANN MICROBIOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03179441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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JANG MINJUNG, PARK PYOJAM, JUNG WONKYO, KIM SEKWON. PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A CATALASE FROM THE LIVER OF BULLFROG, RANA CATESBEIANA SHAW. J Food Biochem 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2004.02303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Thompson VS, Schaller KD, Apel WA. Purification and characterization of a novel thermo-alkali-stable catalase from Thermus brockianus. Biotechnol Prog 2003; 19:1292-9. [PMID: 12892493 DOI: 10.1021/bp034040t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel thermo-alkali-stable catalase from Thermus brockianus was purified and characterized. The protein was purified from a T. brockianus cell extract in a three-step procedure that resulted in 65-fold purification to a specific activity of 5300 U/mg. The enzyme consisted of four identical subunits of 42.5 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE and a total molecular mass measured by gel filtration of 178 kDa. The catalase was active over a temperature range from 30 to 94 degrees C and a pH range from 6 to 10, with optimum activity occurring at 90 degrees C and pH 8. At pH 8, the enzyme was extremely stable at elevated temperatures with half-lives of 330 h at 80 degrees C and 3 h at 90 degrees C. The enzyme also demonstrated excellent stability at 70 degrees C and alkaline pH with measured half-lives of 510 h and 360 h at pHs of 9 and 10, respectively. The enzyme had an unusual pyridine hemochrome spectrum and appears to utilize eight molecules of heme c per tetramer rather than protoheme IX present in the majority of catalases studied to date. The absorption spectrum suggested that the heme iron of the catalase was in a 6-coordinate low spin state rather than the typical 5-coordinate high spin state. A K(m) of 35.5 mM and a V(max) of 20.3 mM/min.mg protein for hydrogen peroxide was measured, and the enzyme was not inhibited by hydrogen peroxide at concentrations up to 450 mM. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by cyanide and the traditional catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. The enzyme also showed no peroxidase activity to peroxidase substrates o-dianisidine and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), a trait of typical monofunctional catalases. However, unlike traditional monofunctional catalases, the T. brockianus catalase was easily reduced by dithionite, a characteristic of catalase-peroxidases. The above properties indicate that this catalase has potential for applications in industrial bleaching processes to remove residual hydrogen peroxide from process streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki S Thompson
- Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Consortium for Extremophile Research, Biotechnology Department, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415-2203, USA.
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Amo T, Atomi H, Imanaka T. Unique presence of a manganese catalase in a hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrobaculum calidifontis VA1. J Bacteriol 2002; 184:3305-12. [PMID: 12029047 PMCID: PMC135111 DOI: 10.1128/jb.184.12.3305-3312.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We had previously isolated a facultatively anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrobaculum calidifontis strain VA1. Here, we found that strain VA1, when grown under aerobic conditions, harbors high catalase activity. The catalase was purified 91-fold from crude extracts and displayed a specific activity of 23,500 U/mg at 70 degrees C. The enzyme exhibited a K(m) value of 170 mM toward H(2)O(2) and a k(cat) value of 2.9 x 10(4) s(-1).subunit(-1) at 25 degrees C. Gel filtration chromatography indicated that the enzyme was a homotetramer with a subunit molecular mass of 33,450 Da. The purified catalase did not display the Soret band, which is an absorption band particular to heme enzymes. In contrast to typical heme catalases, the catalase was not strongly inhibited by sodium azide. Furthermore, with plasma emission spectroscopy, we found that the catalase did not contain iron but instead contained manganese. Our biochemical results indicated that the purified catalase was not a heme catalase but a manganese (nonheme) catalase, the first example in archaea. Intracellular catalase activity decreased when cells were grown anaerobically, while under aerobic conditions, an increase in activity was observed with the removal of thiosulfate from the medium, or addition of manganese. Based on the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified protein, we cloned and sequenced the catalase gene (kat(Pc)). The deduced amino acid sequence showed similarity with that of the manganese catalase from a thermophilic bacterium, Thermus sp. YS 8-13. Interestingly, in the complete archaeal genome sequences, no open reading frame has been assigned as a manganese catalase gene. Moreover, a homology search with the sequence of kat(Pc) revealed that no orthologue genes were present on the archaeal genomes, including those from the "aerobic" (hyper)thermophilic archaea Aeropyrum pernix, Sulfolobus solfataricus, and Sulfolobus tokodaii. Therefore, Kat(Pc) can be considered a rare example of a manganese catalase from archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Amo
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Shima S, Sordel-Klippert M, Brioukhanov A, Netrusov A, Linder D, Thauer RK. Characterization of a heme-dependent catalase from Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:3041-5. [PMID: 11425719 PMCID: PMC92978 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.7.3041-3045.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently it was reported that methanogens of the genus Methanobrevibacter exhibit catalase activity. This was surprising, since Methanobrevibacter species belong to the order Methanobacteriales, which are known not to contain cytochromes and to lack the ability to synthesize heme. We report here that Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus strains AZ and DH1 contained catalase activity only when the growth medium was supplemented with hemin. The heme catalase was purified and characterized, and the encoding gene was cloned. The amino acid sequence of the catalase from the methanogens is most similar to that of Methanosarcina barkeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shima
- Max-Planck-Institut für Terrestrische Mikrobiologie and Laboratorium für Mikrobiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Philipps-Universität, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
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Kuusk H, Björklund M, Rydström J. Purification and characterization of a novel bromoperoxidase-catalase isolated from bacteria found in recycled pulp white water. Enzyme Microb Technol 2001; 28:617-624. [PMID: 11339944 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(01)00305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A bacterial strain, Pseudomonad EF group 70B, containing a high catalase-like activity was found in process water (white water) from pulp using recycled fibers. The enzyme was purified and characterized, and found to be a hydroperoxidase. The active enzyme has an apparent molecular mass of about 153 kDa with two identical subunits and a pI value of 4.7. It has a rather sharp pH optimum for catalase activity at 6.0 but exhibits catalase, peroxidase and brominating activities over a broad pH range from 4 to 8. It was not inhibited by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. Peroxidase-like activity was found when adding o-dianisidine, pyrogallol, guaiacol and 4-aminoantipyrine. Brominating activity was noticed using monochlorodimedone as a substrate. The absorption spectrum exhibited a Soret band at 404 nm. Upon reduction with dithionite the Soret peak decreased and shifted to 436 nm. Pyridine hemochrome spectra indicated the presence of a protophorfyrin IX heme group and the enzyme was inhibited by the known heme ligands cyanide and azide. N-terminal amino acid analysis gave the sequence STEVKLPYAVAGGGTTILDAFPGE, which showed no homology with those of known catalases or peroxidases. It is concluded that the enzyme is a novel type of catalase-peroxidase or, more specifically, a bromoperoxidase-catalase, and that future developments of inhibitors of hydrogen peroxide-degrading activities in white water may be based on this enzyme and other catalase-peroxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kuusk
- BIM Kemi AB, Box 3102, 443 03, Stenkullen, Sweden
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Yumoto I, Ichihashi D, Iwata H, Istokovics A, Ichise N, Matsuyama H, Okuyama H, Kawasaki K. Purification and characterization of a catalase from the facultatively psychrophilic bacterium Vibrio rumoiensis S-1(T) exhibiting high catalase activity. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:1903-9. [PMID: 10714995 PMCID: PMC101873 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.7.1903-1909.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalase from the facultatively psychrophilic bacterium Vibrio rumoiensis S-1(T), which was isolated from an environment exposed to H(2)O(2) and exhibited high catalase activity, was purified and characterized, and its localization in the cell was determined. Its molecular mass was 230 kDa, and the molecule consisted of four identical subunits. The enzyme, which was not apparently reduced by dithionite, showed a Soret peak at 406 nm in a resting state. The catalytic activity was 527,500 U. mg of protein(-1) under standard reaction conditions at 40 degrees C, 1.5 and 4.3 times faster, respectively, than those of the Micrococcus luteus and bovine catalases examined under the same reaction conditions, and showed a broad optimum pH range (pH 6 to 10). The catalase from strain S-1(T) is located not only in the cytoplasmic space but also in the periplasmic space. There is little difference in the activation energy for the activity between strain S-1(T) catalase and M. luteus and bovine liver catalases. The thermoinstability of the activity of the former catalase were significantly higher than those of the latter catalases. The thermoinstability suggests that the catalase from strain S-1(T) should be categorized as a psychrophilic enzyme. Although the catalase from strain S-1(T) is classified as a mammal type catalase, it exhibits the unique enzymatic properties of high intensity of enzymatic activity and thermoinstability. The results obtained suggest that these unique properties of the enzyme are in accordance with the environmental conditions under which the microorganism lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Yumoto
- Bioscience and Chemistry Division, Hokkaido National Industrial Research Institute, Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan.
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