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Bai S, Shang K, Zeng S, Huang Z, Han Z. Genome analysis of Salinimicrobium sp. 3283s, a deep-sea bacterium isolated from the sediments of South China Sea, China. Mar Genomics 2024; 76:101125. [PMID: 39009496 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2024.101125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Salinimicrobium sp. 3283s is an aerobic, golden-yellow pigment-producing, Flavobacteriaceae bacterium isolated from the sediments at the depth of 1751 m in the South China Sea. In this study, we present the complete genome sequence of strain 3283s, which only have a single circular chromosome comprising 3,702,683 bp with 41.41% G + C content and no circular plasmid. In total, 3257 protein coding genes, 45 tRNA, 9 rRNA, and 13 sRNA genes were obtained. In terms of the function of gene annotation, strain 3283s was more different from Salinimicrobium oceani J15B91, which was isolated from the South China Sea at a similar depth, and more similar to a Mariana Trench-derived strain Salinimicrobium profundisediminis MT39, which was closer in phylogenetic taxonomic status, suggesting that strain 3283s possesses a stronger potential to adapt to the deep-sea environment. Furthermore, the high- pressure simulations also confirmed that strain 3283s can grow in both 30 MPa and 60 MPa hydrostatic pressure environments, and that it grows better in 30 MPa hydrostatic pressure environments than in 60 MPa hydrostatic pressure environments. In addition, we found a large number of genes in strain 3283s that can promote better adaptation of the bacteria to the low oxygen and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) environment of the deep sea, such as biosynthetic enzymes of antioxidant pigments, genes encoding cytochromes with enhanced affinity for oxygen, proteins for adaptation to HHP, and genes encoding TonB-dependent transporters in the absence of flagella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Bai
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Kun Shang
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Shuqian Zeng
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China; Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Ziming Huang
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China; Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Zhuang Han
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China.
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2
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Xia K, Zang N, Zhang J, Zhang H, Li Y, Liu Y, Feng W, Liang X. New insights into the mechanisms of acetic acid resistance in Acetobacter pasteurianus using iTRAQ-dependent quantitative proteomic analysis. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 238:241-251. [PMID: 27681379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Acetobacter pasteurianus is the main starter in rice vinegar manufacturing due to its remarkable abilities to resist and produce acetic acid. Although several mechanisms of acetic acid resistance have been proposed and only a few effector proteins have been identified, a comprehensive depiction of the biological processes involved in acetic acid resistance is needed. In this study, iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis was adopted to investigate the whole proteome of different acidic titers (3.6, 7.1 and 9.3%, w/v) of Acetobacter pasteurianus Ab3 during the vinegar fermentation process. Consequently, 1386 proteins, including 318 differentially expressed proteins (p<0.05), were identified. Compared to that in the low titer circumstance, cells conducted distinct biological processes under high acetic acid stress, where >150 proteins were differentially expressed. Specifically, proteins involved in amino acid metabolic processes and fatty acid biosynthesis were differentially expressed, which may contribute to the acetic acid resistance of Acetobacter. Transcription factors, two component systems and toxin-antitoxin systems were implicated in the modulatory network at multiple levels. In addition, the identification of proteins involved in redox homeostasis, protein metabolism, and the cell envelope suggested that the whole cellular system is mobilized in response to acid stress. These findings provide a differential proteomic profile of acetic acid resistance in Acetobacter pasteurianus and have potential application to highly acidic rice vinegar manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xia
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Food Science and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310025, China
| | - Ning Zang
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Junmei Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Food Science and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310025, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Food Science and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310025, China
| | - Yudong Li
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Food Science and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310025, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Zhejiang Wuweihe Food Co. Ltd., Huzhou 313213, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Zhejiang Wuweihe Food Co. Ltd., Huzhou 313213, China
| | - Xinle Liang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Food Science and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310025, China.
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3
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Amaral GRS, Campeão ME, Swings J, Thompson FL, Thompson CC. Finding diagnostic phenotypic features of Photobacterium in the genome sequences. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 107:1351-8. [PMID: 25724129 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Photobacterium species are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment and can be found in association with animal hosts including pathogenic and mutualistic associations. The traditional phenotypic characterization of Photobacterium is expensive, time-consuming and restricted to a limited number of features. An alternative is to infer phenotypic information directly from whole genome sequences. The present study evaluates the usefulness of whole genome sequences as a source of phenotypic information and compares diagnostic phenotypes of the Photobacterium species from the literature with the predicted phenotypes obtained from whole genome sequences. All genes coding for the specific proteins involved in metabolic pathways responsible for positive phenotypes of the seventeen diagnostic features were found in the majority of the Photobacterium genomes. In the Photobacterium species that were negative for a given phenotype, at least one or several genes involved in the respective biochemical pathways were absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Rose S Amaral
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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4
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Moreira APB, Duytschaever G, Chimetto Tonon LA, Fróes AM, de Oliveira LS, Amado-Filho GM, Francini-Filho RB, De Vos P, Swings J, Thompson CC, Thompson FL. Photobacterium sanctipauli sp. nov. isolated from bleached Madracis decactis (Scleractinia) in the St Peter & St Paul Archipelago, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Brazil. PeerJ 2014; 2:e427. [PMID: 25024905 PMCID: PMC4081156 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Five novel strains of Photobacterium (A-394T, A-373, A-379, A-397 and A-398) were isolated from bleached coral Madracis decactis (scleractinian) in the remote St Peter & St Archipelago (SPSPA), Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Brazil. Healthy M. decactis specimens were also surveyed, but no strains were related to them. The novel isolates formed a distinct lineage based on the 16S rRNA, recA, and rpoA gene sequences analysis. Their closest phylogenetic neighbours were Photobacterium rosenbergii, P. gaetbulicola, and P. lutimaris, sharing 96.6 to 95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The novel species can be differentiated from the closest neighbours by several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic markers. It grows at pH 11, produces tryptophane deaminase, presents the fatty acid C18:0, but lacks C16:0 iso. The whole cell protein profile, based in MALDI-TOF MS, distinguished the strains of the novel species among each other and from the closest neighbors. In addition, we are releasing the whole genome sequence of the type strain. The name Photobacterium sanctipauli sp. nov. is proposed for this taxon. The G + C content of the type strain A-394(T) (= LMG27910(T) = CAIM1892(T)) is 48.2 mol%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula B Moreira
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Gwen Duytschaever
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | | | - Adriana M Fróes
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Louisi S de Oliveira
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | | | | | - Paul De Vos
- BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium ; Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Jean Swings
- BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium ; Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Cristiane C Thompson
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Fabiano L Thompson
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil ; Laboratório de Sistemas Avançados de Gestão de Produção - SAGE - COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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5
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Wang J, Li J, Dasgupta S, Zhang L, Golovko MY, Golovko SA, Fang J. Alterations in Membrane Phospholipid Fatty Acids of Gram-Positive Piezotolerant Bacterium Sporosarcina sp. DSK25 in Response to Growth Pressure. Lipids 2014; 49:347-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3878-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Le Bihan T, Rayner J, Roy MM, Spagnolo L. Photobacterium profundum under pressure: a MS-based label-free quantitative proteomics study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60897. [PMID: 23741291 PMCID: PMC3669370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Photobacterium profundum SS9 is a Gram-negative bacterium, originally collected from the Sulu Sea. Its genome consists of two chromosomes and a 80 kb plasmid. Although it can grow under a wide range of pressures, P. profundum grows optimally at 28 MPa and 15°C. Its ability to grow at atmospheric pressure allows for both easy genetic manipulation and culture, making it a model organism to study piezophily. Here, we report a shotgun proteomic analysis of P. profundum grown at atmospheric compared to high pressure using label-free quantitation and mass spectrometry analysis. We have identified differentially expressed proteins involved in high pressure adaptation, which have been previously reported using other methods. Proteins involved in key metabolic pathways were also identified as being differentially expressed. Proteins involved in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway were up-regulated at high pressure. Conversely, several proteins involved in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway were up-regulated at atmospheric pressure. Some of the proteins that were differentially identified are regulated directly in response to the physical impact of pressure. The expression of some proteins involved in nutrient transport or assimilation, are likely to be directly regulated by pressure. In a natural environment, different hydrostatic pressures represent distinct ecosystems with their own particular nutrient limitations and abundances. However, the only variable considered in this study was atmospheric pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Le Bihan
- SynthSys, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (TLB); (LS)
| | - Joe Rayner
- SynthSys, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marcia M. Roy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Spagnolo
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (TLB); (LS)
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Urbanczyk H, Ast JC, Dunlap PV. Phylogeny, genomics, and symbiosis of Photobacterium. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2010; 35:324-42. [PMID: 20883503 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Photobacterium comprises several species in Vibrionaceae, a large family of Gram-negative, facultatively aerobic, bacteria that commonly associate with marine animals. Members of the genus are widely distributed in the marine environment and occur in seawater, surfaces, and intestines of marine animals, marine sediments and saline lake water, and light organs of fish. Seven Photobacterium species are luminous via the activity of the lux genes, luxCDABEG. Much recent progress has been made on the phylogeny, genomics, and symbiosis of Photobacterium. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates a robust separation between Photobacterium and its close relatives, Aliivibrio and Vibrio, and reveals the presence of two well-supported clades. Clade 1 contains luminous and symbiotic species and one species with no luminous members, and Clade 2 contains mostly nonluminous species. The genomes of Photobacterium are similar in size, structure, and organization to other members of Vibrionaceae, with two chromosomes of unequal size and multiple rrn operons. Many species of marine fish form bioluminescent symbioses with three Photobacterium species: Photobacterium kishitanii, Photobacterium leiognathi, and Photobacterium mandapamensis. These associations are highly, but not strictly species specific, and they do not exhibit symbiont-host codivergence. Environmental congruence instead of host selection might explain the patterns of symbiont-host affiliation observed from nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk Urbanczyk
- Interdisciplinary Research Organization, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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8
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Murakami C, Ohmae E, Tate SI, Gekko K, Nakasone K, Kato C. Cloning and characterization of dihydrofolate reductases from deep-sea bacteria. J Biochem 2009; 147:591-9. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvp206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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9
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Large-scale transposon mutagenesis of Photobacterium profundum SS9 reveals new genetic loci important for growth at low temperature and high pressure. J Bacteriol 2007; 190:1699-709. [PMID: 18156275 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01176-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms adapted to piezopsychrophilic growth dominate the majority of the biosphere that is at relatively constant low temperatures and high pressures, but the genetic bases for the adaptations are largely unknown. Here we report the use of transposon mutagenesis with the deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium profundum strain SS9 to isolate dozens of mutant strains whose growth is impaired at low temperature and/or whose growth is altered as a function of hydrostatic pressure. In many cases the gene mutation-growth phenotype relationship was verified by complementation analysis. The largest fraction of loci associated with temperature sensitivity were involved in the biosynthesis of the cell envelope, in particular the biosynthesis of extracellular polysaccharide. The largest fraction of loci associated with pressure sensitivity were involved in chromosomal structure and function. Genes for ribosome assembly and function were found to be important for both low-temperature and high-pressure growth. Likewise, both adaptation to temperature and adaptation to pressure were affected by mutations in a number of sensory and regulatory loci, suggesting the importance of signal transduction mechanisms in adaptation to either physical parameter. These analyses were the first global analyses of genes conditionally required for low-temperature or high-pressure growth in a deep-sea microorganism.
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10
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Structure of lipid A from the marine gram-negative bacterium Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens IAM 13010T. Chem Nat Compd 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-007-0181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Lauro FM, Bartlett DH. Prokaryotic lifestyles in deep sea habitats. Extremophiles 2007; 12:15-25. [PMID: 17225926 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-006-0059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gradients of physicochemical factors influence the growth and survival of life in deep-sea environments. Insights into the characteristics of deep marine prokaryotes has greatly benefited from recent progress in whole genome and metagenome sequence analyses. Here we review the current state-of-the-art of deep-sea microbial genomics. Ongoing and future genome-enabled studies will allow for a better understanding of deep-sea evolution, physiology, biochemistry, community structure and nutrient cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico M Lauro
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Marine Biology Research Division, University of California, 8750 Biological Grade, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202, USA
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Simonato F, Campanaro S, Lauro FM, Vezzi A, D'Angelo M, Vitulo N, Valle G, Bartlett DH. Piezophilic adaptation: a genomic point of view. J Biotechnol 2006; 126:11-25. [PMID: 16780980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2005] [Revised: 02/09/2006] [Accepted: 03/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Two-thirds of Earth's surface is covered by oceans, yet the study of this massive integrated living system is still in its infancy. Various environmental variables, such as high salinity, low and changeable nutrient availability and depth-correlated gradients of light, temperature, nutrients and pressure shape the diversity, physiology and ecology of marine species. As oceans present an average depth of 3800 m, deep-sea ecosystems represent the most common marine ecological niche. One of the key environment variables that influences the life and evolution of deep-sea organisms is high pressure. This extreme widespread condition requires specific adaptations, the nature of which remains largely unknown. Recent advances in genomic approaches, such as in sequencing technologies and global expression profiling, are rapidly increasing the data available to understand microbial evolution, biochemistry, physiology and diversity. This review summarises the analysis of the results published so far about microbial high pressure adaptation from a genomic point of view. Understanding high pressure adaptation mechanisms is not just a scientific exercise but has important biotechnological implications. For example, hydrostatic pressure is a reality for food science and technology, both for food preparation and preservation. An understanding of the effects of pressure on biomolecules will expand its use in the medical, industrial and biotechnological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Simonato
- Department of Biology, Università di Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Li CC, Merrell DS, Camilli A, Kaper JB. ToxR interferes with CRP-dependent transcriptional activation of ompT in Vibrio cholerae. Mol Microbiol 2002; 43:1577-89. [PMID: 11952906 PMCID: PMC4843501 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In pathogenic Vibrio cholerae, the transmembrane DNA-binding protein ToxR co-ordinates the expression of over 20 genes, including those encoding important virulence factors such as cholera toxin and the toxin-co-regulated pilus. The outer membrane protein OmpT is the only member of the ToxR regulon known to be repressed by ToxR. In this study, we examined the environmental conditions that regulate OmpT expression and demonstrated that ompT transcription is upregulated 14-fold when the bacteria enter late log phase from early log phase. Deletion of the crp gene completely abolishes OmpT expression. Comparison of ompT transcription levels in the isogenic crp-, toxR- and crp-toxR- mutants revealed that (i) in the absence of ToxR, constitutive high-level ompT transcription is dependent on cAMP receptor protein (CRP); (ii) ToxR not only interferes with CRP-dependent ompT activation, but also abolishes the CRP-independent, basal level ompT transcription; thus, the mechanism by which ToxR represses ompT transcription involves both antiactivation and direct repression; (iii) both CRP and ToxR are required for the regulation of OmpT expression by growth phase. To provide further insights into the molecular mecha-nism of CRP-dependent activation of ompT transcription, we demonstrated that CRP-dependent activation requires a CRP binding site centred at -310 of the ompT promoter, without which the interaction of CRP with other CRP binding site(s) more proximal to the promoter results in repression. Mutations in two regions on CRP (AR1 and AR2) that directly contact RNA polymerase (RNAP) abolish activation, suggesting direct interaction of CRP with RNAP from -310 of the ompT promoter via DNA looping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyi C. Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - D. Scott Merrell
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Andrew Camilli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - James B. Kaper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- For correspondence. ; Tel. (+1) 410 706 2344; Fax (+1) 410 706 0182
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14
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Bidle KA, Bartlett DH. RNA arbitrarily primed PCR survey of genes regulated by ToxR in the deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium profundum strain SS9. J Bacteriol 2001; 183:1688-93. [PMID: 11160100 PMCID: PMC95054 DOI: 10.1128/jb.183.5.1688-1693.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We are currently investigating the role of ToxR-mediated gene regulation in Photobacterium profundum strain SS9. SS9 is a moderately piezophilic ("pressure loving") psychrotolerant marine bacterium belonging to the family Vibrionaceae. In Vibrio cholerae, ToxR is a transmembrane DNA binding protein involved in mediating virulence gene expression in response to various environmental signals. A homolog to V. cholerae ToxR that is necessary for pressure-responsive gene expression of two outer membrane protein-encoding genes was previously found in SS9. To search for additional genes regulated by ToxR in SS9, we have used RNA arbitrarily primed PCR (RAP-PCR) with wild-type and toxR mutant strains of SS9. Seven ToxR-activated transcripts and one ToxR-repressed transcript were identified in this analysis. The cDNAs corresponding to these partial transcripts were cloned and sequenced, and ToxR regulation of their genes was verified. The products of these genes are all predicted to fall into one or both of two functional categories, those whose products alter membrane structure and/or those that are part of a starvation response. The transcript levels of all eight newly identified genes were also characterized as a function of hydrostatic pressure. Various patterns of pressure regulation were observed, indicating that ToxR activation or repression cannot be used to predict the influence of pressure on gene expression in SS9. These results provide further information on the nature of the ToxR regulon in SS9 and indicate that RAP-PCR is a useful approach for the discovery of new genes under the control of global regulatory transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Bidle
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093-0202, USA
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15
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Paul JH. Gene expression by mRNA analysis. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0580-9517(01)30055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Yamada M, Nakasone K, Tamegai H, Kato C, Usami R, Horikoshi K. Pressure regulation of soluble cytochromes c in a deep-Sea piezophilic bacterium, Shewanella violacea. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:2945-52. [PMID: 10781566 PMCID: PMC102006 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.10.2945-2952.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two c-type cytochromes from the soluble fraction of a deep-sea moderately piezophilic bacterium, Shewanella violacea, were purified and characterized, and the genes coding for these cytochromes were cloned and sequenced. One of the cytochromes, designated cytochrome c(A), was found to have a molecular mass of approximately 8.3 kDa, and it contained one heme c per molecule. The other, designated cytochrome c(B), was found to have a molecular mass of approximately 23 kDa, and it contained two heme c molecules per protein molecule. The amount of cytochrome c(B) expressed in cells grown at high hydrostatic pressure (50 MPa) was less than that in cells grown at atmospheric pressure, whereas cytochrome c(A) was constitutively expressed under all pressure conditions examined. The results of Northern blotting analysis were consistent with the above-mentioned observations and suggested that the pressure regulation of cytochrome c(B) gene expression occurred at the transcriptional level. These results suggest that the components of the respiratory chain of moderately piezophilic S. violacea could be exchanged according to the growth pressure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yamada
- The DEEPSTAR Group, Japan Marine Science and Technology Center, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
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17
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Li CC, Crawford JA, DiRita VJ, Kaper JB. Molecular cloning and transcriptional regulation of ompT, a ToxR-repressed gene in Vibrio cholerae. Mol Microbiol 2000; 35:189-203. [PMID: 10632889 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01699.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In pathogenic Vibrio cholerae, at least 17 genes are co-ordinately regulated by ToxR. Most of these genes, including those that encode cholera toxin (CT), toxin co-regulated pilus (TCP), accessory colonization factor (ACF) and OmpU, are positively regulated. OmpT is the only identified protein under negative regulation of ToxR. To understand the molecular mechanism by which ToxR represses OmpT expression, we cloned ompT and characterized the ompT promoter and its interaction with ToxR. Sequence analysis revealed that ompT encodes a predicted 35.8 kDa outer membrane porin of V. cholerae. Primer extension analysis identified a transcriptional start site 104 bp upstream of the translational start codon. Both primer extension analysis and promoter fusion studies showed that ToxR represses OmpT expression at the transcriptional level. Promoter fusion studies also suggest that cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) is involved in ompT activation. Gel mobility shift assays combined with DNase I footprinting analysis demonstrated that ToxR mediates repression of ompT transcription by directly binding to an A/T-rich region between -95 and -30 of the ompT promoter. To further understand how the interaction of ToxR with different promoters results in its function as an activator or repressor, we have also mapped the regions on the ctxAB and toxT promoters to which ToxR binds. The regions protected by ToxR on each of these promoters are all A/T rich and large in size, although they are positioned differently relative to each transcriptional start site.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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How do Deep-Sea Microorganisms Respond to Changes in Environmental Pressure? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1568-1254(00)80021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Abstract
The deep-sea environment is characterized by high pressure and low temperature but in the vicinity of hydrothermal vents regions of extremely high temperature exist. Deep-sea microorganisms have specially adapted features that enable them to live and grow in this extreme environment. Recent research on the physiology and molecular biology of deep-sea barophilic bacteria has identified pressure-regulated operons and shown that microbial growth is influenced by the relationship between temperature and pressure in the deep-sea environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Horikoshi
- The DEEPSTAR group, Japan Marine Science and Technology Center, (JAMSTEC) 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
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Welch TJ, Bartlett DH. Identification of a regulatory protein required for pressure-responsive gene expression in the deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium species strain SS9. Mol Microbiol 1998; 27:977-85. [PMID: 9535087 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00742.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the characterization of a gene necessary for hydrostatic pressure regulation of gene expression in the deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium species strain SS9. The deduced amino acid sequence of the gene product shares extensive similarity to ToxR, a transmembrane DNA-binding protein first discovered as a virulence determinant in the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Changes in hydrostatic pressure induce changes in both the abundance and the activity of the SS9 ToxR protein (or the activity of a ToxR-regulated protein). As with other high-pressure-inducible phenomena observed in higher organisms, anaesthetics antagonize high-pressure signalling mediated by ToxR. It is suggested that SS9 ToxR has evolved the ability to respond to pressure-mediated alterations in membrane structure. V. cholerae and SS9 also share similarity in a ToxR-regulated protein, indicating that part of the ToxR regulon is conserved in diverse members of the family Vibrionaceae. The SS9 ToxR system represents a useful model for studies of signal transduction and environmental adaptation in the largest portion of the biosphere, the deep sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Welch
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0202, USA
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21
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Prokaryotes living under elevated hydrostatic pressure. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bfb0102288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Welch TJ, Bartlett DH. Isolation and characterization of the structural gene for OmpL, a pressure-regulated porin-like protein from the deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium species strain SS9. J Bacteriol 1996; 178:5027-31. [PMID: 8759872 PMCID: PMC178291 DOI: 10.1128/jb.178.16.5027-5031.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transposon-directed cloning was used to isolate the ompL gene from the deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium species strain SS9. The deduced amino acid sequence of OmpL displays sequence homology to porin proteins from enteric bacteria. Gene fusion and primer extension analyses indicate that ompL is transcriptionally regulated by pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Welch
- Center for Marine Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0202, USA
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23
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Gene expression under high pressure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0921-0423(06)80011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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24
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Abstract
We have isolated several microorganisms that are adapted to living in the extremes of the deep-sea environment. They include barophilic bacteria, which are able to grow at high hydrostatic pressure, but that are unable to grow at atmospheric pressure, and organic-solvent-tolerant bacteria, which are able to grow in the presence of toxic organic solvents such as toluene or benzene. In this review, we describe how to isolate such extremophiles, and we outline the characteristics of several strains that have been recovered from the deep-sea environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kato
- DEEPSTAR Group, Japan Marine Science and Technology Center, Yokosuka, Japan.
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Abstract
Elevated hydrostatic pressure can influence gene and protein expression in both 1 atmosphere-adapted and high pressure-adapted microorganisms. Here we review experiments documenting these effects and describe their significance towards understanding the molecular bases of life in deep-sea high pressure environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Bartlett
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0202, USA
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