1
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Coyne LP, Wang X, Song J, de Jong E, Schneider K, Massa PT, Middleton FA, Becker T, Chen XJ. Mitochondrial protein import clogging as a mechanism of disease. eLife 2023; 12:e84330. [PMID: 37129366 PMCID: PMC10208645 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis requires the import of >1,000 mitochondrial preproteins from the cytosol. Most studies on mitochondrial protein import are focused on the core import machinery. Whether and how the biophysical properties of substrate preproteins affect overall import efficiency is underexplored. Here, we show that protein traffic into mitochondria can be disrupted by amino acid substitutions in a single substrate preprotein. Pathogenic missense mutations in ADP/ATP translocase 1 (ANT1), and its yeast homolog ADP/ATP carrier 2 (Aac2), cause the protein to accumulate along the protein import pathway, thereby obstructing general protein translocation into mitochondria. This impairs mitochondrial respiration, cytosolic proteostasis, and cell viability independent of ANT1's nucleotide transport activity. The mutations act synergistically, as double mutant Aac2/ANT1 causes severe clogging primarily at the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex. This confers extreme toxicity in yeast. In mice, expression of a super-clogger ANT1 variant led to neurodegeneration and an age-dependent dominant myopathy that phenocopy ANT1-induced human disease, suggesting clogging as a mechanism of disease. More broadly, this work implies the existence of uncharacterized amino acid requirements for mitochondrial carrier proteins to avoid clogging and subsequent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam P Coyne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Jiyao Song
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Ebbing de Jong
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Karin Schneider
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Paul T Massa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Frank A Middleton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Xin Jie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
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2
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Jančíková I, Zahumenský J, Gbelská Y, Gášková D. Differences in the arrangement of the Pdr5p multidrug transporter binding pocket of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces lactis. FEMS Yeast Res 2017; 17:4111149. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fox073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Jančíková
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Zahumenský
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Yvetta Gbelská
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Science, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Dana Gášková
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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3
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Konecna A, Toth Hervay N, Valachovic M, Gbelska Y. ERG6 gene deletion modifies Kluyveromyces lactis susceptibility to various growth inhibitors. Yeast 2016; 33:621-632. [PMID: 27668979 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ERG6 gene encodes an S-adenosylmethionine dependent sterol C-24 methyltransferase in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway. In this work we report the results of functional analysis of the Kluyveromyces lactis ERG6 gene. We cloned the KlERG6 gene, which was able to complement the erg6Δ mutation in both K. lactis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The lack of ergosterol in the Klerg6 deletion mutant was accompanied by increased expression of genes encoding the last steps of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway as well as the KlPDR5 gene encoding an ABC transporter. The Klerg6Δ mutation resulted in reduced cell susceptibility to amphotericin B, nystatin and pimaricin and increased susceptibility to azole antifungals, fluphenazine, terbinafine, brefeldin A and caffeine. The susceptibility phenotype was suppressed by the KlPDR16 gene encoding one of the phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins belonging to the Sec14 family. Decreased activity of KlPdr5p in Klerg6Δ mutant (measured as the ability to efflux rhodamine 6G) together with increased amount of KlPDR5 mRNA suggest that the zymosterol which accumulates in the Klerg6Δ mutant may not fully compensate for ergosterol in the membrane targeting of efflux pumps. These results point to the fact that defects in sterol transmethylation appear to cause a multitude of physiological effects in K. lactis cells. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Konecna
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Nora Toth Hervay
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Valachovic
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovak Republic
| | - Yvetta Gbelska
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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4
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Toth Hervay N, Konecna A, Balazfyova Z, Svrbicka A, Gbelska Y. Insight into the Kluyveromyces lactis Pdr1p regulon. Can J Microbiol 2016; 62:918-931. [PMID: 27556366 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The overexpression of efflux pumps is an important mechanism leading to the development of multidrug resistance phenomenon. The transcription factor KlPdr1p, belonging to the Zn2Cys6 family, is a central regulator of efflux pump expression in Kluyveromyces lactis. To better understand how KlPDR1-mediated drug resistance is achieved in K. lactis, we used DNA microarrays to identify genes whose expression was affected by deletion or overexpression of the KlPDR1 gene. Eighty-nine targets of the KlPDR1 were identified. From those the transcription of 16 genes was induced in the transformant overexpressing KlPDR1* and simultaneously repressed in the Klpdr1Δ deletion mutant. Almost all of these genes contain putative binding motifs for the AP-1-like transcription factors in their promoters. Furthermore, we studied the possible interplay between KlPdr1p and KlYap1p transcription factors. Our results show that KlYap1p does not significantly contribute to the regulation of KlPDR1 gene expression in the presence of azoles. However, KlPDR1 expression markedly increased in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and hinged upon the presence of KlYap1p. Our results show that although both KlPdr1p and KlYap1p transcription factors are involved in the control of K. lactis multidrug resistance, further studies will be needed to determine their interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Toth Hervay
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Alexandra Konecna
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Balazfyova
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Alexandra Svrbicka
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Yvetta Gbelska
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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5
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Liu Y, Wang X, Chen XJ. Misfolding of mutant adenine nucleotide translocase in yeast supports a novel mechanism of Ant1-induced muscle diseases. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1985-94. [PMID: 25833713 PMCID: PMC4472010 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-01-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Missense mutations in membrane proteins cause dominant diseases by unknown mechanisms. Pathogenic mutations in adenine nucleotide translocase 1 affect protein folding and the assembly of multiple protein complexes. The misfolding of one single protein is therefore sufficient to induce proteostatic stress on the membrane. Approximately one-third of proteins in the cell reside in the membrane. Mutations in membrane proteins can induce conformational changes and expose nonnative polar domains/residues to the lipid environment. The molecular effect of the resulting membrane stress is poorly defined. Adenine nucleotide translocase 1 (Ant1) is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein involved in ATP/ADP exchange. Missense mutations in the Ant1 isoform cause autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia (adPEO), cardiomyopathy, and myopathy. The mechanism of the Ant1-induced pathologies is highly debated. Here we show that equivalent mutations in the yeast Aac2 protein cause protein misfolding. Misfolded Aac2 drastically affects the assembly and stability of multiple protein complexes in the membrane, which ultimately inhibits cell growth. Despite causing similar proteostatic damages, the adPEO- but not the cardiomyopathy/myopathy-type Aac2 proteins form large aggregates. The data suggest that the Ant1-induced diseases belong to protein misfolding disorders. Protein homeostasis is subtly maintained on the mitochondrial inner membrane and can be derailed by the misfolding of one single protein with or without aggregate formation. This finding could have broad implications for understanding other dominant diseases (e.g., retinitis pigmentosa) caused by missense mutations in membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Xin Jie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
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6
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Resjö S, Ali A, Meijer HJG, Seidl MF, Snel B, Sandin M, Levander F, Govers F, Andreasson E. Quantitative Label-Free Phosphoproteomics of Six Different Life Stages of the Late Blight Pathogen Phytophthora infestans Reveals Abundant Phosphorylation of Members of the CRN Effector Family. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:1848-59. [DOI: 10.1021/pr4009095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svante Resjö
- Department
of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Ashfaq Ali
- Department
of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Harold J. G. Meijer
- Laboratory
of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, 6700 EE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael F. Seidl
- Laboratory
of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, 6700 EE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Theoretical
Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3508
TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre
for BioSystems
Genomics, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Berend Snel
- Theoretical
Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3508
TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre
for BioSystems
Genomics, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Sandin
- Department
of Immunotechnology, Lund University, S-223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Levander
- Department
of Immunotechnology, Lund University, S-223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Francine Govers
- Laboratory
of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, 6700 EE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre
for BioSystems
Genomics, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Andreasson
- Department
of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
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7
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Goffa E, Balazfyova Z, Toth Hervay N, Simova Z, Balazova M, Griac P, Gbelska Y. Isolation and functional analysis of theKlPDR16gene. FEMS Yeast Res 2013; 14:337-45. [DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Goffa
- Department of Microbiology and Virology; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Balazfyova
- Department of Microbiology and Virology; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Nora Toth Hervay
- Department of Microbiology and Virology; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Simova
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Ivanka pri Dunaji Slovak Republic
| | - Maria Balazova
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Ivanka pri Dunaji Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Griac
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Ivanka pri Dunaji Slovak Republic
| | - Yvetta Gbelska
- Department of Microbiology and Virology; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovak Republic
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8
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Stolarczyk EI, Reiling CJ, Paumi CM. Regulation of ABC transporter function via phosphorylation by protein kinases. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2011; 12:621-35. [PMID: 21118091 DOI: 10.2174/138920111795164075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are multispanning membrane proteins that utilize ATP to move a broad range of substrates across cellular membranes. ABC transporters are involved in a number of human disorders and diseases. Overexpression of a subset of the transporters has been closely linked to multidrug resistance in both bacteria and viruses and in cancer. A poorly understood and important aspect of ABC transporter biology is the role of phosphorylation as a mechanism to regulate transporter function. In this review, we summarize the current literature addressing the role of phosphorylation in regulating ABC transporter function. A comprehensive list of all the phosphorylation sites that have been identified for the human ABC transporters is presented, and we discuss the role of individual kinases in regulating transporter function. We address the potential pitfalls and difficulties associated with identifying phosphorylation sites and the corresponding kinase(s), and we discuss novel techniques that may circumvent these problems. We conclude by providing a brief perspective on studying ABC transporter phosphorylation.
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9
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Guan W, Jiang H, Guo X, Mancera E, Xu L, Li Y, Steinmetz L, Li Y, Gu Z. Antagonistic changes in sensitivity to antifungal drugs by mutations of an important ABC transporter gene in a fungal pathogen. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11309. [PMID: 20593017 PMCID: PMC2892482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal pathogens can be lethal, especially among immunocompromised populations, such as patients with AIDS and recipients of tissue transplantation or chemotherapy. Prolonged usage of antifungal reagents can lead to drug resistance and treatment failure. Understanding mechanisms that underlie drug resistance by pathogenic microorganisms is thus vital for dealing with this emerging issue. In this study, we show that dramatic sequence changes in PDR5, an ABC (ATP-binding cassette) efflux transporter protein gene in an opportunistic fungal pathogen, caused the organism to become hypersensitive to azole, a widely used antifungal drug. Surprisingly, the same mutations conferred growth advantages to the organism on polyenes, which are also commonly used antimycotics. Our results indicate that Pdr5p might be important for ergosterol homeostasis. The observed remarkable sequence divergence in the PDR5 gene in yeast strain YJM789 may represent an interesting case of adaptive loss of gene function with significant clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Guan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Huifeng Jiang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Xiaoxian Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Lin Xu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Yudong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lars Steinmetz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yongquan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenglong Gu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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10
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Miranda MN, Masuda CA, Ferreira-Pereira A, Carvajal E, Ghislain M, Montero-Lomelí M. The serine/threonine protein phosphatase Sit4p activates multidrug resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2010; 10:674-86. [PMID: 20608983 DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2010.00656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is frequently associated with gain-of-function mutations in zinc finger-containing transcription factors Pdr1p and Pdr3p. These regulatory proteins activate the expression of several ATP-binding cassette transporter genes, leading to elevated drug resistance. Here, we report that loss of the type 2A-related serine/threonine protein phosphatase Sit4p renders yeast cells sensitive to cycloheximide, azoles, daunorubicin and rhodamine 6G. This effect is a consequence of the decreased transcriptional levels of mainly PDR3 and its target genes, PDR5, SNQ2 and YOR1, which encode multidrug efflux pumps. The multidrug sensitivity of sit4 mutant cells is suppressed by the PDR1-3 mutant allele, which encodes a hyperactive form of Pdr1p. Sit4p is known to associate with regulatory proteins Sap155p, Sap4p, Sap185p and Sap190p. We found that the sap155 mutant strain is sensitive to azoles, but not to cycloheximide, while the sap155sap4 and sap185sap190 mutant strains are sensitive to both drugs. This finding indicates that the Sit4p-Sap protein complex subtly modulates the expression of drug efflux pumps. Drug resistance conferred by the expression of the Candida albicans CDR1 gene, an ortholog of PDR5 in S. cerevisiae, is also positively modulated by Sit4p. These data uncover a new regulatory pathway that connects multidrug resistance to Sit4p function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel N Miranda
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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11
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Hillenmeyer ME, Ericson E, Davis RW, Nislow C, Koller D, Giaever G. Systematic analysis of genome-wide fitness data in yeast reveals novel gene function and drug action. Genome Biol 2010; 11:R30. [PMID: 20226027 PMCID: PMC2864570 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2010-11-3-r30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2010] [Revised: 01/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between co-fitness and co-inhibition of genes in chemicogenomic yeast screens provides insights into gene function and drug target prediction. We systematically analyzed the relationships between gene fitness profiles (co-fitness) and drug inhibition profiles (co-inhibition) from several hundred chemogenomic screens in yeast. Co-fitness predicted gene functions distinct from those derived from other assays and identified conditionally dependent protein complexes. Co-inhibitory compounds were weakly correlated by structure and therapeutic class. We developed an algorithm predicting protein targets of chemical compounds and verified its accuracy with experimental testing. Fitness data provide a novel, systems-level perspective on the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen E Hillenmeyer
- Biomedical Informatics, 251 Campus Drive, MSOB, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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12
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Balkova K, Sarinova M, Hodurova Z, Goffrini P, Gbelska Y. Functional analysis of theKluyveromyces lactis PDR1gene. FEMS Yeast Res 2009; 9:321-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2008.00479.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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13
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Takacova M, Sklenar P, Gbelska Y, Breunig K, Subik J. Isolation, heterological cloning and sequencing of the RPL28 gene in Kluyveromyces lactis. Curr Genet 2002; 42:21-6. [PMID: 12420142 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-002-0327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2002] [Revised: 08/13/2002] [Accepted: 08/14/2002] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
By virtue of heterologous functional complementation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Delta pdr5 mutant strain, using a Kluyveromyces lactis genomic library, three different K. lactis chromosomal inserts were obtained. Transformation of the S. cerevisiae Delta pdr1 Delta pdr3 mutant strain, hypersensitive to drugs, with isolated plasmids resulted in resistance to cycloheximide and fluconazole. Transformation of K. lactis host strains, using the cloned chromosomal fragments, led to an increased level of resistance to some mitochondrial inhibitors and azole antifungals. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned inserts revealed that two of them contain the drug efflux transporter gene Kl-PDR5 and the third contains a DNA segment homologous to chromosome VII of S. cerevisiae. Along with three novel ORFs, encoding two proteins of unknown molecular function and one putative hexose transporter, this segment also contained the Kl-RPL28 gene, found to be responsible for the cycloheximide resistance of heterologous transformants. This gene codes for the large subunit ribosomal protein (149 amino acids) that shares 89.9% identity with its S. cerevisiae counterpart. The coding region of Kl-RPL28 was found to be interrupted with one intron near the 5' end. The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper were submitted to GenBank and assigned the accession number AF493565.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Takacova
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina B-2, Slovak Republic
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14
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Wada SI, Niimi M, Niimi K, Holmes AR, Monk BC, Cannon RD, Uehara Y. Candida glabrata ATP-binding cassette transporters Cdr1p and Pdh1p expressed in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain deficient in membrane transporters show phosphorylation-dependent pumping properties. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:46809-21. [PMID: 12244114 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m207817200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression and drug efflux activity of the ATP binding cassette transporters Cdr1p and Pdh1p are thought to have contributed to the recent increase in the number of fungal infections caused by Candida glabrata. The function of these transporters and their pumping characteristics, however, remain ill defined. We have evaluated the function of Cdr1p and Pdh1p through their heterologous hyperexpression in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain deleted in seven major drug efflux transporters to minimize the background drug efflux activity. Although both Cdr1p- and Pdh1p-expressing strains CDR1-AD and PDH1-AD acquired multiple resistances to structurally unrelated compounds, CDR1-AD showed, in most cases, higher levels of resistance than PDH1-AD. CDR1-AD also showed greater rhodamine 6G efflux and resistance to pump inhibitors, although plasma membrane fractions had comparable NTPase activities. These results indicate that Cdr1p makes a larger contribution than Phd1p to the reduced susceptibility of C. glabrata to xenobiotics. Both pump proteins were phosphorylated in a glucose-dependent manner. Whereas the phosphorylation of Cdr1p affected its NTPase activity, the protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of Pdh1p, which was necessary for drug efflux, did not. This suggests that phosphorylation of Pdh1p may be required for efficient coupling of NTPase activity with drug efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ichi Wada
- Department of Bioactive Molecules, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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15
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Abstract
During the last decade several novel yeast genes encoding proteins related to the PPP family of Ser/Thr protein phosphatases have been discovered and their functional characterization initiated. Most of these novel phosphatases display intriguing structural features and/or are involved in a number of important functions, such as cell cycle regulation, protein synthesis and maintenance of cellular integrity. While in some cases these genes appear to be restricted to fungi, in others similar proteins can be found in higher eukaryotes. This review will summarize the latest advances in our understanding about how these phosphatases are regulated and fulfil their functions in the yeast cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Ariño
- Department de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain.
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2001; 18:1357-64. [PMID: 11571760 DOI: 10.1002/yea.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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