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Yang J, Song Y, Xia K, Pomin VH, Wang C, Qiao M, Linhardt RJ, Dordick JS, Zhang F. Marine-Derived Sulfated Glycans Inhibit the Interaction of Heparin with Adhesion Proteins of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:232. [PMID: 38786623 PMCID: PMC11123223 DOI: 10.3390/md22050232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a notable pathogen behind respiratory infections, employs specialized proteins to adhere to the respiratory epithelium, an essential process for initiating infection. The role of glycosaminoglycans, especially heparan sulfate, is critical in facilitating pathogen-host interactions, presenting a strategic target for therapeutic intervention. In this study, we assembled a glycan library comprising heparin, its oligosaccharide derivatives, and a variety of marine-derived sulfated glycans to screen the potential inhibitors for the pathogen-host interactions. By using Surface Plasmon Resonance spectroscopy, we evaluated the library's efficacy in inhibiting the interaction between M. pneumoniae adhesion proteins and heparin. Our findings offer a promising avenue for developing novel therapeutic strategies against M. pneumoniae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (J.Y.); (M.Q.)
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; (Y.S.); (K.X.); (C.W.); (R.J.L.)
| | - Yuefan Song
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; (Y.S.); (K.X.); (C.W.); (R.J.L.)
| | - Ke Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; (Y.S.); (K.X.); (C.W.); (R.J.L.)
| | - Vitor H. Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; (Y.S.); (K.X.); (C.W.); (R.J.L.)
| | - Mingqiang Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (J.Y.); (M.Q.)
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; (Y.S.); (K.X.); (C.W.); (R.J.L.)
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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2
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Distinct Mycoplasma pneumoniae Interactions with Sulfated and Sialylated Receptors. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00392-20. [PMID: 32839185 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00392-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a cell wall-less bacterial pathogen of the conducting airways, causing bronchitis and atypical or "walking" pneumonia in humans. M. pneumoniae recognizes sialylated and sulfated oligosaccharide receptors to colonize the respiratory tract, but the contribution of the latter is particularly unclear. We used chamber slides coated with sulfatide (3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide) to provide a baseline for M. pneumoniae binding and gliding motility. As expected, M. pneumoniae bound to surfaces coated with sulfatide in a manner that was dependent on sulfatide concentration and incubation temperature and inhibited by competing dextran sulfate. However, mycoplasmas bound to sulfatide exhibited no gliding motility, regardless of receptor density. M. pneumoniae also bound lactose 3'-sulfate ligated to an inert polymer scaffold, and binding was inhibited by competing dextran sulfate. The major adhesin protein P1 mediates adherence to terminal sialic acids linked α-2,3, but P1-specific antibodies that blocked M. pneumoniae hemadsorption (HA) and binding to the sialylated glycoprotein laminin by 95% failed to inhibit mycoplasma binding to sulfatide, suggesting that P1 does not mediate binding to sulfated galactose. Consistent with this conclusion, the M. pneumoniae HA-negative mutant II-3 failed to bind to sialylated receptors but adhered to sulfatide in a temperature-dependent manner.
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3
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Vizarraga D, Kawamoto A, Matsumoto U, Illanes R, Pérez-Luque R, Martín J, Mazzolini R, Bierge P, Pich OQ, Espasa M, Sanfeliu I, Esperalba J, Fernández-Huerta M, Scheffer MP, Pinyol J, Frangakis AS, Lluch-Senar M, Mori S, Shibayama K, Kenri T, Kato T, Namba K, Fita I, Miyata M, Aparicio D. Immunodominant proteins P1 and P40/P90 from human pathogen Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5188. [PMID: 33057023 PMCID: PMC7560827 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a bacterial human pathogen that causes primary atypical pneumonia. M. pneumoniae motility and infectivity are mediated by the immunodominant proteins P1 and P40/P90, which form a transmembrane adhesion complex. Here we report the structure of P1, determined by X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, and the X-ray structure of P40/P90. Contrary to what had been suggested, the binding site for sialic acid was found in P40/P90 and not in P1. Genetic and clinical variability concentrates on the N-terminal domain surfaces of P1 and P40/P90. Polyclonal antibodies generated against the mostly conserved C-terminal domain of P1 inhibited adhesion of M. pneumoniae, and serology assays with sera from infected patients were positive when tested against this C-terminal domain. P40/P90 also showed strong reactivity against human infected sera. The architectural elements determined for P1 and P40/P90 open new possibilities in vaccine development against M. pneumoniae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vizarraga
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Akihiro Kawamoto
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - U Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Ramiro Illanes
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Pérez-Luque
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Martín
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocco Mazzolini
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Bierge
- Laboratori de Recerca en Microbiologia i Malalties Infeccioses, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08208, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Oscar Q Pich
- Laboratori de Recerca en Microbiologia i Malalties Infeccioses, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08208, Sabadell, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mateu Espasa
- Departament de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08208, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Isabel Sanfeliu
- Departament de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08208, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Juliana Esperalba
- Departament de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Fernández-Huerta
- Departament de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margot P Scheffer
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue Str. 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jaume Pinyol
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Achilleas S Frangakis
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue Str. 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maria Lluch-Senar
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shigetarou Mori
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keigo Shibayama
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kenri
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kato
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiichi Namba
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research and SPring-8 Center, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,JEOL YOKOGUSHI Research Alliance Laboratories, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ignacio Fita
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Makoto Miyata
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan. .,The OCU Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
| | - David Aparicio
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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4
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Widjaja M, Berry IJ, Jarocki VM, Padula MP, Dumke R, Djordjevic SP. Cell surface processing of the P1 adhesin of Mycoplasma pneumoniae identifies novel domains that bind host molecules. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6384. [PMID: 32286369 PMCID: PMC7156367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a genome reduced pathogen and causative agent of community acquired pneumonia. The major cellular adhesin, P1, localises to the tip of the attachment organelle forming a complex with P40 and P90, two cleavage fragments derived by processing Mpn142, and other molecules with adhesive and mobility functions. LC-MS/MS analysis of M. pneumoniae M129 proteins derived from whole cell lysates and eluents from affinity matrices coupled with chemically diverse host molecules identified 22 proteoforms of P1. Terminomics was used to characterise 17 cleavage events many of which were independently verified by the identification of semi-tryptic peptides in our proteome studies and by immunoblotting. One cleavage event released 1597TSAAKPGAPRPPVPPKPGAPKPPVQPPKKPA1627 from the C-terminus of P1 and this peptide was shown to bind to a range of host molecules. A smaller synthetic peptide comprising the C-terminal 15 amino acids, 1613PGAPKPPVQPPKKPA1627, selectively bound cytoskeletal intermediate filament proteins cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 8, cytokeratin 18, and vimentin from a native A549 cell lysate. Collectively, our data suggests that ectodomain shedding occurs on the surface of M. pneumoniae where it may alter the functional diversity of P1, Mpn142 and other surface proteins such as elongation factor Tu via a mechanism similar to that described in Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Widjaja
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Iain James Berry
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Veronica Maria Jarocki
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Matthew Paul Padula
- Proteomics Core Facility and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Roger Dumke
- Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Steven Philip Djordjevic
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia. .,Proteomics Core Facility and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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5
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Williams CR, Chen L, Driver AD, Arnold EA, Sheppard ES, Locklin J, Krause DC. Sialylated Receptor Setting Influences Mycoplasma pneumoniae Attachment and Gliding Motility. Mol Microbiol 2018; 109:735-744. [PMID: 29885004 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of human respiratory tract infections, including bronchitis and atypical pneumonia. M. pneumoniae binds glycoprotein receptors having terminal sialic acid residues via the P1 adhesin protein. Here, we explored the impact of sialic acid presentation on M. pneumoniae adherence and gliding on surfaces coated with sialylated glycoproteins, or chemically functionalized with α-2,3- and α-2,6-sialyllactose ligated individually or in combination to a polymer scaffold in precisely controlled densities. In both models, gliding required a higher receptor density threshold than adherence, and receptor density influenced gliding frequency but not gliding speed. However, very high densities of α-2,3-sialyllactose actually reduced gliding frequency over peak levels observed at lower densities. Both α-2,3- and α-2,6-sialyllactose supported M. pneumoniae adherence, but gliding was only observed on the former. Finally, gliding on α-2,3-sialyllactose was inhibited on surfaces also conjugated with α-2,6-sialyllactose, suggesting that both moieties bind P1 despite the inability of the latter to support gliding. Our results indicate that the nature and density of host receptor moieties profoundly influences M. pneumoniae gliding, which could affect pathogenesis and infection outcome. Furthermore, precise functionalization of polymer scaffolds shows great promise for further analysis of sialic acid presentation and M. pneumoniae adherence and gliding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering, and New Materials Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ashley D Driver
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Edward A Arnold
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Edward S Sheppard
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jason Locklin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering, and New Materials Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Duncan C Krause
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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6
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Krause DC, Chen S, Shi J, Jensen AJ, Sheppard ES, Jensen GJ. Electron cryotomography of Mycoplasma pneumoniae mutants correlates terminal organelle architectural features and function. Mol Microbiol 2018; 108:306-318. [PMID: 29470845 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Mycoplasma pneumoniae terminal organelle functions in adherence and gliding motility and is comprised of at least eleven substructures. We used electron cryotomography to correlate impaired gliding and adherence function with changes in architecture in diverse terminal organelle mutants. All eleven substructures were accounted for in the prkC, prpC and P200 mutants, and variably so for the HMW3 mutant. Conversely, no terminal organelle substructures were evident in HMW1 and HMW2 mutants. The P41 mutant exhibits a terminal organelle detachment phenotype and lacked the bowl element normally present at the terminal organelle base. Complementation restored this substructure, establishing P41 as either a component of the bowl element or required for its assembly or stability, and that this bowl element is essential to anchor the terminal organelle but not for leverage in gliding. Mutants II-3, III-4 and topJ exhibited a visibly lower density of protein knobs on the terminal organelle surface. Mutants II-3 and III-4 lack accessory proteins required for a functional adhesin complex, while the topJ mutant lacks a DnaJ-like co-chaperone essential for its assembly. Taken together, these observations expand our understanding of the roles of certain terminal organelle proteins in the architecture and function of this complex structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan C Krause
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Songye Chen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
| | - Jian Shi
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
| | - Ashley J Jensen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
| | | | - Grant J Jensen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
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7
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Krause DC, Hennigan SL, Henderson KC, Clark HJ, Dluhy RA. Variable Selection and Biomarker Correlation in the Analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniaeStrains by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. ANAL LETT 2017; 50:2412-2425. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1287713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duncan C. Krause
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Richard A. Dluhy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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8
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Waites KB, Xiao L, Liu Y, Balish MF, Atkinson TP. Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the Respiratory Tract and Beyond. Clin Microbiol Rev 2017; 30:747-809. [PMID: 28539503 PMCID: PMC5475226 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00114-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important cause of respiratory tract infections in children as well as adults that can range in severity from mild to life-threatening. Over the past several years there has been much new information published concerning infections caused by this organism. New molecular-based tests for M. pneumoniae detection are now commercially available in the United States, and advances in molecular typing systems have enhanced understanding of the epidemiology of infections. More strains have had their entire genome sequences published, providing additional insights into pathogenic mechanisms. Clinically significant acquired macrolide resistance has emerged worldwide and is now complicating treatment. In vitro susceptibility testing methods have been standardized, and several new drugs that may be effective against this organism are undergoing development. This review focuses on the many new developments that have occurred over the past several years that enhance our understanding of this microbe, which is among the smallest bacterial pathogens but one of great clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken B Waites
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, and Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | | | - T Prescott Atkinson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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9
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P40 and P90 from Mpn142 are Targets of Multiple Processing Events on the Surface of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Proteomes 2015; 3:512-537. [PMID: 28248283 PMCID: PMC5217387 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes3040512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a significant cause of community acquired pneumonia globally. Despite having a genome less than 1 Mb in size, M. pneumoniae presents a structurally sophisticated attachment organelle that (i) provides cell polarity, (ii) directs adherence to receptors presented on respiratory epithelium, and (iii) plays a major role in cell motility. The major adhesins, P1 (Mpn141) and P30 (Mpn453), are localised to the tip of the attachment organelle by the surface accessible cleavage fragments P90 and P40 derived from Mpn142. Two events play a defining role in the formation of P90 and P40; removal of a leader peptide at position 26 (23SLA↓NTY28) during secretion to the cell surface and cleavage at amino acid 455 (452GPL↓RAG457) generating P40 and P90. Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of tryptic peptides generated by digesting size-fractionated cell lysates of M. pneumoniae identified 15 cleavage fragments of Mpn142 ranging in mass from 9–84 kDa. Further evidence for the existence of cleavage fragments of Mpn142 was generated by mapping tryptic peptides to proteins recovered from size fractionated eluents from affinity columns loaded with heparin, fibronectin, fetuin, actin, plasminogen and A549 surface proteins as bait. To define the sites of cleavage in Mpn142, neo-N-termini in cell lysates of M. pneumoniae were dimethyl-labelled and characterised by LC-MS/MS. Our data suggests that Mpn142 is cleaved to generate adhesins that are auxiliary to P1 and P30.
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10
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Spuesens EBM, Meyer Sauteur PM, Vink C, van Rossum AMC. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections--does treatment help? J Infect 2014; 69 Suppl 1:S42-6. [PMID: 25267596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of respiratory tract infections (RTI's), especially in children. While severe M. pneumoniae infections are generally treated with antibiotics, the diagnosis as well as treatment of these infections should be reconsidered in the light of recent clinical findings. First, M. pneumoniae was found to be carried in the upper respiratory tract of a relatively high percentage of healthy, asymptomatic children. Clearly, this complicates the diagnosis of a suspected M. pneumoniae RTI and, thus, the decision when to initiate treatment. A complication in the treatment of these infections is that data on the efficacy of antibiotic treatment of M. pneumoniae RTI's are sparse and derived exclusively from comparative studies. A recent Cochrane review concluded that there is insufficient evidence about the efficacy of antibiotics for M. pneumoniae lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in children. Due to side effects associated with the use of tetracyclines and quinolones in children, only macrolides can be used to treat M. pneumoniae infections in young patients. The general applicability of macrolides, however, is currently threatened by the worldwide increase in macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae strains. Finally, limited evidence is available that corticosteroids might have an additional benefit in the treatment of M. pneumoniae infections. In this review, the current issues related to the diagnosis and treatment of M. pneumoniae infections will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel B M Spuesens
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Patrick M Meyer Sauteur
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Cornelis Vink
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus University College, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Annemarie M C van Rossum
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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11
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Xue G, Cao L, Wang L, Zhao H, Feng Y, Ma L, Sun H. Evaluation of P1 adhesin epitopes for the serodiagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2013; 340:86-92. [PMID: 23227897 PMCID: PMC7108531 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Most glycolipid antigens used for serological tests of Mycoplasma pneumoniae are not M. pneumonia‐specific, and can cross‐react with other microorganism antigens and body tissues, resulting in false positives. It is important to identify M. pneumonia‐specific antigen(s) for serological testing and correct diagnosis. Two epitopes, rP1‐534 and rP1‐513, of P1 adhesin predicted by bioinformatics were successfully expressed and purified, and could be recognized by serum samples from M. pneumoniae‐infected patients and His tag antibodies by Western blot. There was no cross‐reactivity between the anti‐recombinant proteins serum and other respiratory antigens. A total of 400 patients were investigated, their respiratory specimens tested by PCR, and sera tested by a commercial test kit; 56 with positive sera and positive respiratory specimens were designated as standard positive serum and 63 patients were designated as standard negative serum. The purified recombinant proteins were used as a combination of antigens or separately to test the serum. Serological test demonstrated that rP1‐513 of the C terminal of P1 adhesin is a new candidate antigen with greater sensitivity and specificity for IgG and IgM serodiagnosis of M. pneumoniae‐infected patients. The results confirmed that rP1‐513 could be a useful new antigen for the immunodiagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Xue
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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12
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Occurrence, recognition, and reversion of spontaneous, sporulation-deficient Bacillus anthracis mutants that arise during laboratory culture. Microbes Infect 2011; 14:387-91. [PMID: 22166343 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus anthracis is a spore-forming, soil-dwelling bacterium. This review describes the occurrence of spontaneous mutations leading to loss of sporulation and the selective pressures that can lead to their enrichment. We also discuss recognition of the associated phenotypes on solid medium, thereby allowing researchers to employ measures that either prevent or favor selection of sporulation-deficient mutants.
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Cloward JM, Krause DC. Mycoplasma pneumoniae J-domain protein required for terminal organelle function. Mol Microbiol 2009; 71:1296-307. [PMID: 19183275 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06602.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cell wall-less prokaryote Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes tracheobronchitis and primary atypical pneumonia in humans. Colonization of the respiratory epithelium requires proper assembly of a complex, multifunctional, polar terminal organelle. Loss of a predicted J-domain protein also having domains unique to mycoplasma terminal organelle proteins (TopJ) resulted in a non-motile, adherence-deficient phenotype. J-domain proteins typically stimulate ATPase activity of Hsp70 chaperones to bind nascent peptides for proper folding, translocation or macromolecular assembly, or to resolve stress-induced protein aggregates. By Western immunoblotting all defined terminal organelle proteins examined except protein P24 remained at wild-type levels in the topJ mutant; previous studies established that P24 is required for normal initiation of terminal organelle formation. Nevertheless, terminal organelle proteins P1, P30, HMW1 and P41 failed to localize to a cell pole, and when evaluated quantitatively, P30 and HMW1 foci were undetectable in >40% of cells. Complementation of the topJ mutant with the recombinant wild-type topJ allele largely restored terminal organelle development, gliding motility and cytadherence. We propose that this J-domain protein, which localizes to the base of the terminal organelle in wild-type M. pneumoniae, functions in the late stages of assembly, positioning, or both, of nascent terminal organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Cloward
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Genomic analysis reveals Mycoplasma pneumoniae repetitive element 1-mediated recombination in a clinical isolate. Infect Immun 2008; 76:1639-48. [PMID: 18212079 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01621-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmas are cell wall-less bacteria that evolved by drastic reduction of the genome size. Complete genome analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae revealed the presence of numerous copies of four distinct large M. pneumoniae repetitive elements (RepMPs). One copy each of RepMP2/3, RepMP4, and RepMP5 are localized within the P1 operon (MPN140 to MPN142 loci), and their involvement in sequence variation in adhesin P1 and adherence-related protein B/C has been documented. Here we analyzed a clinical strain of M. pneumoniae designated S1 isolated from a 1993 outbreak of respiratory infections in San Antonio, TX. Based on the type of RepMPs within the P1 operon, we classified clinical isolate S1 as type 2 with unique minor sequence variations. Hybridization with oligonucleotide arrays revealed sequence divergence in two previously unsuspected hypothetical genes (MPN137 and MPN138 loci). Closer inspection of this region revealed that the MPN137 and MPN138 loci harbored previously unrecognized unique RepMP1 sequences found only in M. pneumoniae. PCR and sequence analyses revealed a recombination event involving three RepMP1-containing genes that resulted in fusion of MPN137 and MPN138 reading frames and loss of all but a short fragment of another RepMP1-containing locus, MPN130. The multiple copies of unique RepMP1 elements spread throughout the chromosome could allow vast numbers of sequence variations in clinical strains. Comparisons of amino acid sequences showed the presence of leucine zipper motifs in MPN130 and MPN138 proteins in reference strain M129 and the absence of these motifs in the fused protein of S1. The presence of tandem leucine and other repeats points to possible regulatory functions of proteins encoded by RepMP1-containing genes.
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Jordan JL, Chang HY, Balish MF, Holt LS, Bose SR, Hasselbring BM, Waldo RH, Krunkosky TM, Krause DC. Protein P200 is dispensable for Mycoplasma pneumoniae hemadsorption but not gliding motility or colonization of differentiated bronchial epithelium. Infect Immun 2007; 75:518-22. [PMID: 17043103 PMCID: PMC1828431 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01344-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Revised: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae protein P200 was localized to the terminal organelle, which functions in cytadherence and gliding motility. The loss of P200 had no impact on binding to erythrocytes and A549 cells but resulted in impaired gliding motility and colonization of differentiated bronchial epithelium. Thus, gliding may be necessary to overcome mucociliary clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrat L Jordan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Balish MF, Krause DC. Mycoplasmas: a distinct cytoskeleton for wall-less bacteria. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 11:244-55. [PMID: 16983199 DOI: 10.1159/000094058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial genus Mycoplasma includes a large number of highly genomically-reduced species which in nature are associated with hosts either commensally or pathogenically. Several Mycoplasma species, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, feature a multifunctional polar structure, the terminal organelle. Essential for colonization of the host and for gliding motility, the terminal organelle is associated with an internal cytoskeleton crucial to its assembly and function. This cytoskeleton is structurally and compositionally novel as compared with the cytoskeletons of other organisms, including other bacteria, is also involved in the cell division process. In this review we discuss the cytoskeletal structures and protein components of the attachment organelle and how they might interact and contribute to its various functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell F Balish
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, USA.
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Halbedel S, Stülke J. Probing in vivo promoter activities in Mycoplasma pneumoniae: a system for generation of single-copy reporter constructs. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:1696-9. [PMID: 16461731 PMCID: PMC1392949 DOI: 10.1128/aem.72.2.1696-1699.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide sequences that control transcription initiation and regulation in Mycoplasma pneumoniae are poorly understood. In this work, we developed a lacZ-based reporter plasmid that can be used to integrate fusions of promoter fragments to a promoterless lacZ gene into the chromosome of M. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Halbedel
- Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Waldo RH, Krause DC. Synthesis, stability, and function of cytadhesin P1 and accessory protein B/C complex of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. J Bacteriol 2006; 188:569-75. [PMID: 16385047 PMCID: PMC1347290 DOI: 10.1128/jb.188.2.569-575.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genes MPN141 and MPN142 encode the major adhesin P1 and the cytadherence-related B/C proteins (P90/P40), respectively, in Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Using reverse transcriptase PCR we found open reading frames MPN140 to MPN142 constitute a polycistronic transcriptional unit. Cytadherence mutant IV-22 has a frameshift mutation in MPN141 and lacks the P1, B, or C proteins. Recombinant MPN141 and/or MPN142 were introduced into mutant IV-22 by transposon delivery in several configurations, and the levels of the P1, B, and C proteins were assessed by immunoblotting. MPN142 in mutant IV-22 has a wild-type nucleotide sequence, yet the introduction of recombinant MPN141 alone to mutant IV-22, although it restored P1 levels, failed to restore levels of B or C. In contrast, recombinant MPN141 and MPN142 delivered in cis or in trans were sufficient to restore all three proteins. Taken together, our data indicated that some but not all synthesis of B or C is dependent on coupling to the translation of P1 immediately upstream of MPN142 and demonstrated that proteins B and C are not stable in the absence of P1. The linkage of MPN141 and MPN142 at the levels of transcription, translation, and protein stability, in addition to their previously demonstrated colocalization and the requirement of B and/or C for P1 function, reinforces the conclusion that these proteins constitute a multiprotein complex that functions in receptor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Waldo
- Department of Microbiology, 523 Biological Sciences Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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