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Hamed Hammad Mohammed H, Jin G, Ma M, Khalifa I, Shukat R, Elkhedir AE, Zeng Q, Noman AE. Comparative characterization of proximate nutritional compositions, microbial quality and safety of camel meat in relation to mutton, beef, and chicken. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Assessment of the suitability of mannitol salt agar for growing bovine-associated coagulase-negative staphylococci and its use under field conditions. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:347-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pavlovsky L, Younger JG, Solomon MJ. In situ rheology of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacterial biofilms. SOFT MATTER 2013; 9:122-131. [PMID: 25544855 PMCID: PMC4276346 DOI: 10.1039/c2sm27005f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We developed a method to grow Staphylococcus epidermidis bacterial biofilms and characterize their rheological properties in situ in a continuously fed bioreactor incorporated into a parallel plate rheometer. The temperature and shear rates of growth modeled bloodstream conditions, a common site of S. epidermidis infection. We measured the linear elastic (G') and viscous moduli (G″) of the material using small-amplitude oscillatory rheology and the yield stress using non-linear creep rheology. We found that the elastic and viscous moduli of the S. epidermidis biofilm were 11 ± 3 Pa and 1.9 ± 0.5 Pa at a frequency of 1 Hz (6.283 rad per s) and that the yield stress was approximately 20 Pa. We modeled the linear creep response of the biofilm using a Jeffreys model and found that S. epidermidis has a characteristic relaxation time of approximately 750 seconds and a linear creep viscosity of 3000 Pa s. The effects on the linear viscoelastic moduli of environmental stressors, such as NaCl concentration and extremes of temperature, were also studied. We found a non-monotonic relationship between moduli and NaCl concentrations, with the stiffest material properties found at human physiological concentrations (135 mM). Temperature dependent rheology showed hysteresis in the moduli when heated and cooled between 5 °C and 60 °C. Through these experiments, we demonstrated that biofilms are rheologically complex materials that can be characterized by a combination of low modulus (~10 Pa), long relaxation time (~103 seconds), and a finite yield stress (20 Pa). This suggests that biofilms should be viewed as soft viscoelastic solids whose properties are determined in part by local environmental conditions. The in situ growth method introduced here can be adapted to a wide range of biofilm systems and applied over a broad spectrum of rheological and environmental conditions because the technique minimizes the risk of irreversible, non-linear deformation of the microbial specimen before analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Pavlovsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. Fax: +1 734 763 0459; Tel: +1 734 764 3119
| | - John G. Younger
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. Tel: +1 734 647 7564
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michael J. Solomon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. Fax: +1 734 763 0459; Tel: +1 734 764 3119
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Yeh PJ, Simon DM, Millar JA, Alexander HF, Franklin D. A diversity of Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus spp. in a Public Transportation System. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2011; 2:202-9. [PMID: 24159474 PMCID: PMC3767084 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrp.2011.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our goal was to determine the diversity and abundance of Staphylococcus bacteria on different components of a public transportation system in a mid-sized US city (Portland, Oregon) and to examine the level of drug resistance in these bacteria. METHODS We collected 70 samples from 2 cm × 4 cm sections from seven different areas on buses and trains in Portland, USA, taking 10 samples from each area. We isolated a subset of 14 suspected Staphylococcus spp. colonies based on phenotype, and constructed a phylogeny from16S rRNA sequences to assist in identification. We used the Kirbye-Bauer disk diffusion method to determine resistance levels to six common antibiotics. RESULTS We found a range of pathogenic Staphylococcus species. The mean bacterial colony counts were 97.1 on bus and train floors, 80.1 in cloth seats, 9.5 on handrails, 8.6 on seats and armrests at bus stops, 3.8 on the underside of seats, 2.2 on windows, and 1.8 on vinyl seats per 8 cm(2) sample area. These differences were significant (p < 0.001). Of the 14 isolates sequenced, 11 were staphylococci, and of these, five were resistant to penicillin and ampicillin, while only two displayed intermediate resistance to bacitracin. All 11 isolates were sensitive to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin, and tetracycline. CONCLUSIONS We found six different strains of Staphylococcus, and while there were varying levels of drug resistance, we did not find extensive levels of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and no S. aureus was found. We found floors and cloth seats to be areas on buses and trains that showed particularly high levels of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J. Yeh
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dawn M. Simon
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska-Kearney, Kearney, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jess A. Millar
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Darleen Franklin
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA
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Jay JM. The Relative Efficacy of Six Selective Media in Isolating Coagulase Positive Staphylococci from Meats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1963.tb01157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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JAY JM. Further studies on staphylococci in meats. III. Occurrence and characteristics of coagulase-positive strains from a variety of nonfrozen market cuts. Appl Microbiol 1998; 10:247-51. [PMID: 14451457 PMCID: PMC1057850 DOI: 10.1128/am.10.3.247-251.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
From 34 retail grocery stores and meat markets, 209 samples of nonfrozen meats were obtained and analyzed for coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus, employing six selective media. Sixty-seven (38.7%) of 173 samples obtained from 27 stores yielded S. aureus. No coagulase-positive S. aureus was isolated from 36 samples obtained from 7 of the stores. The 67 meats yielded 272 isolates from 10 different kinds of meats. There were 162 physiological strains represented when classified by store and 36 strains classified without regard to store of origin. The larger stores yielded fewer meats with staphylococci than the smaller stores. The meats from which S. aureus was recovered in the order of frequency of percentage recovery are as follows: chicken, pork liver, fish, spiced ham, round beef steak, hamburger, beef liver, pork chops, veal steak, and lamb chops. The following seven meats did not yield staphylococci: bologna, shucked oysters, olive and pickle loaf, salami, wieners, and chopped ham. Eighty-eight per cent of the isolates produced pigment, 85% were gelatinase positive, only 1 strain failed to form a precipitate on egg yolk agar, 92% formed deoxyribonuclease, 87% produced bound coagulase, 91% produced the alpha-hemolysin, 70% the delta-, 22% the beta-, and 6% were nil in this regard. The isolates are compared with hospital and other food strains, and their possible source in the meats is discussed.
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Abstract
Most media have been unreliable when used to determine the number of coagulase-positive staphylococci in meat pot pies in the presence of overwhelming numbers of Bacillus cells. Various metabolic inhibitors were tested to determine whether they would suppress the growth of Bacillus cells without appreciably affecting the staphylococcal growth. The use of Staphylococcus Medium No. 110 modified by the addition of 0.75 mM sodium azide appears to be practical for the isolation of small numbers of coagulase-positive staphylococci from frozen meat pot pies.
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CRISLEY FD, PEELER JT, ANGELOTTI R. COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF FIVE SELECTIVE AND DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA FOR THE DETECTION AND ENUMERATION OF COAGULASE-POSITIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI IN FOODS. Appl Microbiol 1996; 13:140-56. [PMID: 14325870 PMCID: PMC1058212 DOI: 10.1128/am.13.2.140-156.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Five selective media for the detection and enumeration of coagulase-positive staphylococci were evaluated for their efficiency in the recovery of 17 strains of coagulase-positive staphylococci from foods. They were Staphylococcus Medium 110 (SM-110), tellurite-glycine-agar (TGA), egg-tellurite-glycine-pyruvate-agar (ETGPA), tellurite-egg-agar (TEA), and tellurite-polymyxin-egg yolk-agar (TPEY). Statistical analysis by the rank correlation method of the efficiency with which these media recovered staphylococci from pure 24-hr Brain Heart Infusion cultures revealed the following efficiencies in descending order: (i) TPEY, (ii) ETGPA, (iii) TGA, (iv) TEA, (v) SM-110. Growth of 17 strains of coagulase-negative cocci on these media showed the following approximate descending order of inhibition to these organisms: (i) ETGPA, (ii) TEA, (iii) SM-110, (iv) TGA, (v) TPEY. The appearance of colonies of the various coagulase-negative strains on each medium was studied for the degree to which they could be confused with colonies of coagulase-positive strains. Nineteen food contaminants, including Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus sp., Escherichia coli, Erwinia sp., fecal streptococci, and others, were also studied for similarities in appearance to staphylococci and for ability to grow on the selective media. The influence of five sterile food homogenates (frozen chicken and tuna pies, custard, smoked ham, and raw whole egg) on recovery of 1,500 enterotoxigenic staphylococci (three strains) per milliliter was determined by statistical analysis. Three main effects (culture, media, and food) and three interactions (media with food, food with cultures, and media with culture) were found to be significant. Recovery on TPEY was influenced less by food than the other selective media and showed optimal recovery ability from sterile custard, eggs, and ham. TGA recovered well from sterile chicken pie and custard, SM-110 from sterile custard, and TEA from sterile ham. None of the media was outstanding in recovering staphylococci from tuna pie. The ability of the five selective media to recover 1,500 enterotoxigenic staphylococci (three strains) per ml from three sterile foods in the presence of 10 strains of contaminating bacteria added at the 0, 10(5), and 10(6) levels per milliliter was also studied and analyzed statistically. Only three factors were significant under these conditions-cultures, foods, and the interaction of media with the level of added contamination. Efficiency of recovery of TGA, SM-110, and ETGPA was found not to be dependent upon the level of contamination. Recovery on TPEY decreased with increases in the number of contaminants. TEA increased in efficiency at the 10(5) level, but decreased at the 10(6) level. When recovery on Trypticase Soy Agar was considered to be 100%, the average percentage of recovery by each of the selective media under all experimental conditions was determined.
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BUSTA FF, JEZESKI JJ. EFFECT OF SODIUM CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION IN AN AGAR MEDIUM ON GROWTH OF HEAT-SHOCKED STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS. Appl Microbiol 1996; 11:404-7. [PMID: 14063781 PMCID: PMC1058015 DOI: 10.1128/am.11.5.404-407.1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The numbers of Staphylococcus aureus 196E surviving heat treatment in milk for various times at 60 C were determined by plate count with normal and modified Staphylococcus Medium No. 110 (S-110), with Plate Count Agar (PCA), and by milk enrichment techniques. Portions of specific heated samples appeared to contain lower populations of S. aureus 196E when the survivors were enumerated with normal S-110 than with PCA. Similarly, the times at 60 C needed for total destruction of the culture suspension in the test milk appeared to be shorter when survival was determined with normal S-110 agar. The apparently lower thermal death times were found to be related to the NaCl content of the S-110 medium, because use of S-110 agar containing lesser concentrations of NaCl resulted in growth of larger numbers of heat-shocked S. aureus 196E.
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Borrego JJ, Florido JA, Martínez-Manzanares E, Romero P. Comparative studies of selective media for recovery of Staphylococcus aureus from natural waters. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1988; 65:153-61. [PMID: 3060456 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1988.tb01503.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Several selective media currently used for the enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus from different sources were evaluated in order to establish their quantitative recovery, specificity and degree of selectivity, using different types of water samples. The highest selectivity and reliability in the enumeration of Staph. aureus from the samples was obtained on Borrego-Florido-Romero-0 (BFR-0) and KRANEP agars. The method that produced the highest recovery of Staph. aureus was BFR-0 agar with membrane filter and incubation at 36 degrees C for 48-72 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Borrego
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Spain
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OCASIO WILFREDO, FUNG DANIELYC. SIGNIFICANCE OF STAPHYLOCOAGULASE IN FOOD MICROBIOLOGY: A REVIEW. J Food Saf 1984. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.1984.tb00484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fung JC, McKinley G, Tyburski MB, Berman M, Goldstein J. Growth of coagulase-negative staphylococci on colistin-nalidixic acid agar and susceptibility to polymyxins. J Clin Microbiol 1984; 19:714-6. [PMID: 6330170 PMCID: PMC271164 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.19.5.714-716.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin-nalidixic acid agar, although recently recommended as a replacement for blood agar for primary plating of urine specimens ( Fung et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 16:632-636, 1982), has also been reported to suppress the growth of some strains of staphylococci that are susceptible to colistin (polymyxin E). The susceptibility of 11 species of staphylococci to polymyxins was determined, and the ability of these species to grow on colistin-nalidixic acid agar was examined. Although the MICs for most of the strains tested were 8 micrograms/ml or less, only a few coagulase-negative staphylococci grew on or were inhibited by colistin-nalidixic acid agar. This descrepancy was explained by the antagonistic effects that medium components, such as physiological concentrations of magnesium and calcium and 5% sheep blood, had on the activity of polymyxin. Colistin-nalidixic acid agar is still recommended for routine urine processing; however, the poor growth of 13% of the Staphylococcus saprophyticus strains tested suggests that blood agar should be included in the primary plating battery of urine specimens obtained from female outpatients.
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Heltberg O, Bruun B. Polymyxin susceptibility in staphylococci differentiating coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative strains. ACTA PATHOLOGICA, MICROBIOLOGICA, ET IMMUNOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA. SECTION B, MICROBIOLOGY 1983; 91:157-61. [PMID: 6308948 DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1983.tb00026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
47 staphylococcal reference strains representing 13 species were tested for polymyxin sensitivity using tablet and disc diffusion methods. Corresponding MIC and IC50 values were determined with a plate dilution assay. Coagulase-positive strains were found to be more resistant towards polymyxin, and could thereby be separated from coagulase-negative strains. Furthermore, 100 recently isolated staphylococci from clinical specimens were tested, and again the coagulase-positive strains could be identified by their smaller tablet inhibition zones. We conclude that the polymyxin test is an aid in the fast differentiation of staphylococci in laboratories performing primary sensitivity tests.
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Devriese LA. Baird-Parker medium supplemented with acriflavine, polymyxins and sulphonamide for the selective isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from heavily contaminated materials. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1981; 50:351-7. [PMID: 6265423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1981.tb00899.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Sperber WH. The identification of staphylococci in clinical and food microbiology laboratories. CRC CRITICAL REVIEWS IN CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES 1977; 7:121-84. [PMID: 797525 DOI: 10.3109/10408367709151577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive review of the methods which have been utilized for the identification of staphylococci is presented. Biochemical characteristics which have assisted in the primary isolation of staphylococci, such as pigmentation, hemolytic activity, the egg yolk phenomenon, and deoxyribonuclease and coagulase production, are also analyzed. The potential applicability of advanced techniques to identify staphylococci, such as the detection of enterotoxin production, base ratio analysis, cell wall analysis, phage typing, and serology, is discussed. The following procedures are recommended for routine use: Idnetification of Staphylococcus sp. (clinical laboratories): microscopic observation, catalase activity, coagulase production, lysostaphin sensitivity, and (optional) facultative growth in thioglycolate medium. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus (food laboratories): microscopic observation, catalase activity, coagulase production, thermonuclease production, and (optional) lysostaphin sensitivity.
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Taplin D, Lansdell L, Allen AM, Rodriguez R, Cortes A. Prevalence of streptococcal pyoderma in relation to climate and hygiene. Lancet 1973; 1:501-3. [PMID: 4119945 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(73)90324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
A method of processing clinical specimens received at the laboratory on cotton wool swabs is described. The method uses a range of selective culture media to assist in the isolation of potential pathogens from mixed cultures. Because the culture media are distributed in 2 millilitre volumes in the small squares of divided plastic petri dishes it is economically possible to use the same series for every specimen. This facilitates the rapid processing of large numbers of swabs and allows the isolation of pathogens from sites where they might otherwise go unnoticed.
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Williams ML. A note on the development of a polymyxin-mannitol-phenolphthalein diphosphate agar for the selective enumeration of coagulase positive staphylococci in foods. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1972; 35:139-41. [PMID: 4337151 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1972.tb03683.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Keogh BP. Reviews of the progress of dairy science. Section B. The survival of pathogens in cheese and milk powder. J DAIRY RES 1971; 38:91-111. [PMID: 5005032 DOI: 10.1017/s002202990001373x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Orth DS, Anderson AW. Polymyxin-coagulase-mannitol-agar. I. A selective isolation medium for coagulase-positive Staphylococci. Appl Microbiol 1970; 19:73-5. [PMID: 4313314 PMCID: PMC376612 DOI: 10.1128/am.19.1.73-75.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A selective, differential plating medium was developed for the isolation and identification of coagulase-positive and mannitol-fermenting staphylococci. Coagulase produced by growing Staphylococcus aureus caused an opaque zone of fibrin to form around each colony. Several strains of S. aureus produced a visible coagulase reaction by 8 hr, and all strains gave a positive reaction before 12 hr. Mannitol fermentation was usually observed between 12 and 36 hr. Rabbit serum was filtered through Sephadex G-100 to obtain plasmin- and plasminogen-free coagulase-reacting factor (CRF). False-negative reactions, caused by staphylokinase and staphylococcal Müller factor action on plasminogen, were eliminated when this CRF was used. False-positive reactions by lipolytic, coagulase-negative staphylococci were reduced, since gel filtration removed the serum lipoprotein which served as a primary source of opacity. The addition of 75 mug of polymyxin B per ml selectively retarded the growth of S. epidermidis and minimized false-positive reactions caused by citrate-utilizing gram-negative rods. The preparation, characteristics, and use of the medium are presented.
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Spink MS, Strong S. The pathogenic variety of Staphylococcus albus. THE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY AND BACTERIOLOGY 1968; 95:295-9. [PMID: 5689365 DOI: 10.1002/path.1700950136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Rammell CG, Howick JM. Enumeration of coagulase positive staphylococci in cheese. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1967; 30:382-8. [PMID: 6073993 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1967.tb00312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Giolitti G, Cantoni C. A medium for the isolation of staphylococci from foodstuffs. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1966; 29:395-8. [PMID: 5974836 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1966.tb03488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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MCDIVITT ME, TOPP EB. COMPARISON OF SEVERAL SELECTIVE MEDIA FOR ISOLATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF COAGULASE-POSITIVE STRAINS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS. Appl Microbiol 1964; 12:169-72. [PMID: 14131367 PMCID: PMC1058090 DOI: 10.1128/am.12.2.169-172.1964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Six coagulase-positive strains of Staphylococcus aureus which had been cultivated in Brain Heart Infusion broth, milk, and brine were plated on seven isolation media. A significant difference in the growth patterns of the individual strains was found as well as a significant effect resulting from the previous cultivation history before plating. Brine and, to a lesser extent, milk were found to reduce maximal cell concentrations attained, but strains grown in brine and milk showed greater ability to withstand the selective action of the isolation media. Fibrinogen applied to the surface of five of the media allowed the formation of characteristic halos by coagulase-positive strains of S. aureus. Only half of the strains studied produced a zone of precipitation on SM110-Egg Yolk agar. The isolation medium containing cycloheximide and a high level of polymxin B was most inhibitory to the organisms.
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Kopp R. Schwärmhemmung von Proteus durch hypotone und hypertone Nährmedien. Med Microbiol Immunol 1962. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02157585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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