1
|
PioABC-Dependent Fe(II) Oxidation during Photoheterotrophic Growth on an Oxidized Carbon Substrate Increases Growth Yield. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0097422. [PMID: 35862670 PMCID: PMC9361825 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00974-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms that carry out Fe(II) oxidation play a major role in biogeochemical cycling of iron in environments with low oxygen. Fe(II) oxidation has been largely studied in the context of autotrophy. Here, we show that the anoxygenic phototroph, Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA010, carries out Fe(II) oxidation during photoheterotrophic growth with an oxidized carbon source, malate, leading to an increase in cell yield and allowing more carbon to be directed to cell biomass. We probed the regulatory basis for this by transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and found that the expression levels of the known pioABC Fe(II) oxidation genes in R. palustris depended on the redox-sensing two-component system, RegSR, and the oxidation state of the carbon source provided to cells. This provides the first mechanistic demonstration of mixotrophic growth involving reducing power generated from both Fe(II) oxidation and carbon assimilation. IMPORTANCE The simultaneous use of carbon and reduced metals such as Fe(II) by bacteria is thought to be widespread in aquatic environments, and a mechanistic description of this process could improve our understanding of biogeochemical cycles. Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria like Rhodopseudomonas palustris typically use light for energy and organic compounds as both a carbon and an electron source. They can also use CO2 for carbon by carbon dioxide fixation when electron-rich compounds like H2, thiosulfate, and Fe(II) are provided as electron donors. Here, we show that Fe(II) oxidation can be used in another context to promote higher growth yields of R. palustris when the oxidized carbon compound malate is provided. We further established the regulatory mechanism underpinning this observation.
Collapse
|
2
|
Mekjinda N, Ritchie RJ. Breakdown of food waste by anaerobic fermentation and non-oxygen producing photosynthesis using a photosynthetic bacterium. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 35:199-206. [PMID: 25465509 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Large volumes of food waste are produced by restaurants, hotels, etc generating problems in its collection, processing and disposal. Disposal as garbage increases the organic matter in landfills and leachates. The photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris (CGA 009) easily broke down food waste. R. palustris produces H2 under anaerobic conditions and digests a very wide range of organic compounds. R. palustris reduced BOD by ≈70% and COD by ≈33%, starch, ammonia, nitrate, was removed but had little effect on reducing sugar or the total phosphorus, lipid, protein, total solid in a 7-day incubation. R. palustris produced a maximum of 80ml H2/g COD/day. A two-stage anaerobic digestion using yeast as the first stage, followed by a R. palustris digestion was tested but production of H2 was low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Mekjinda
- Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Kathu, Phuket 83120, Thailand
| | - R J Ritchie
- Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Kathu, Phuket 83120, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Function and Evolution of the Sox Multienzyme Complex in the Marine Gammaproteobacterium Congregibacter litoralis. ISRN MICROBIOLOGY 2014; 2014:597418. [PMID: 25006520 PMCID: PMC4003848 DOI: 10.1155/2014/597418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Core sets of sox genes were detected in several genome sequenced members of the environmental important OM60/NOR5 clade of marine gammaproteobacteria. However, emendation of media with thiosulfate did not result in stimulation of growth in two of these strains and cultures of Congregibacter litoralis DSM 17192T did not oxidize thiosulfate to sulfate in concentrations of one mmol L−1 or above. On the other hand, a significant production of sulfate was detected upon growth with the organic sulfur compounds, cysteine and glutathione. It was found that degradation of glutathione resulted in the formation of submillimolar amounts of thiosulfate in the closely related sox-negative strain Chromatocurvus halotolerans DSM 23344T. It is proposed that the Sox multienzyme complex in Congregibacter litoralis and related members of the OM60/NOR5 clade is adapted to the oxidation of submillimolar amounts of thiosulfate and nonfunctional at higher concentrations of reduced inorganic sulfur compounds. Pelagic bacteria thriving in the oxic zones of marine environments may rarely encounter amounts of thiosulfate, which would allow its utilization as electron donor for lithoautotrophic or mixotrophic growth. Consequently, in evolution the Sox multienzyme complex in some of these bacteria may have been optimized for the effective utilization of trace amounts of thiosulfate generated from the degradation of organic sulfur compounds.
Collapse
|
4
|
Production of hydrogen gas from light and the inorganic electron donor thiosulfate by Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:7717-22. [PMID: 20889777 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01143-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A challenge for photobiological production of hydrogen gas (H(2)) as a potential biofuel is to find suitable electron-donating feedstocks. Here, we examined the inorganic compound thiosulfate as a possible electron donor for nitrogenase-catalyzed H(2) production by the purple nonsulfur phototrophic bacterium (PNSB) Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Thiosulfate is an intermediate of microbial sulfur metabolism in nature and is also generated in industrial processes. We found that R. palustris grew photoautotrophically with thiosulfate and bicarbonate and produced H(2) when nitrogen gas was the sole nitrogen source (nitrogen-fixing conditions). In addition, illuminated nongrowing R. palustris cells converted about 80% of available electrons from thiosulfate to H(2). H(2) production with acetate and succinate as electron donors was less efficient (40 to 60%), partly because nongrowing cells excreted the intermediary metabolite α-ketoglutarate into the culture medium. The fixABCX operon (RPA4602 to RPA4605) encoding a predicted electron-transfer complex is necessary for growth using thiosulfate under nitrogen-fixing conditions and may serve as a point of engineering to control rates of H(2) production. The possibility to use thiosulfate expands the range of electron-donating compounds for H(2) production by PNSBs beyond biomass-based electron donors.
Collapse
|
5
|
Bernstein JR, Bulter T, Liao JC. Transfer of the high-GC cyclohexane carboxylate degradation pathway from Rhodopseudomonas palustris to Escherichia coli for production of biotin. Metab Eng 2008; 10:131-40. [PMID: 18396082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Revised: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the transfer of the five-gene cyclohexane carboxylate (CHC) degradation pathway from the high-GC alphaproteobacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris to Escherichia coli, a gammaproteobacterium. The degradation product of this pathway is pimeloyl-CoA, a key metabolite in E. coli's biotin biosynthetic pathway. This pathway is useful for biotin overproduction in E. coli; however, the expression of GC-rich genes is troublesome in this host. When the native R. palustris CHC degradation pathway is transferred to a DeltabioH pimeloyl-CoA auxotroph of E. coli, it is unable to complement growth in the presence of CHC. To overcome this expression problem we redesigned the operon with decreased GC content and removed stretches of high-GC intergenic DNA which comprise the 5' untranslated region of each gene, replacing these features with shorter low-GC sequences. We show this synthetic construct enables growth of the DeltabioH strain in the presence of CHC. When the synthetic degradation pathway is overexpressed in conjunction with the downstream genes for biotin biosynthesis, we measured significant accumulation of biotin in the growth medium, showing that the pathway transfer is successfully integrated with the host metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Bernstein
- Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sinha S, Banerjee R. Ecological role of thiosulfate and sulfide utilizing purple nonsulfur bacteria of a riverine ecosystem. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.1997.tb00438.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
7
|
Larimer FW, Chain P, Hauser L, Lamerdin J, Malfatti S, Do L, Land ML, Pelletier DA, Beatty JT, Lang AS, Tabita FR, Gibson JL, Hanson TE, Bobst C, Torres JLTY, Peres C, Harrison FH, Gibson J, Harwood CS. Complete genome sequence of the metabolically versatile photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Nat Biotechnol 2003; 22:55-61. [PMID: 14704707 DOI: 10.1038/nbt923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 482] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2003] [Accepted: 11/03/2003] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Rhodopseudomonas palustris is among the most metabolically versatile bacteria known. It uses light, inorganic compounds, or organic compounds, for energy. It acquires carbon from many types of green plant-derived compounds or by carbon dioxide fixation, and it fixes nitrogen. Here we describe the genome sequence of R. palustris, which consists of a 5,459,213-base-pair (bp) circular chromosome with 4,836 predicted genes and a plasmid of 8,427 bp. The sequence reveals genes that confer a remarkably large number of options within a given type of metabolism, including three nitrogenases, five benzene ring cleavage pathways and four light harvesting 2 systems. R. palustris encodes 63 signal transduction histidine kinases and 79 response regulator receiver domains. Almost 15% of the genome is devoted to transport. This genome sequence is a starting point to use R. palustris as a model to explore how organisms integrate metabolic modules in response to environmental perturbations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank W Larimer
- Genome Analysis and Systems Modeling, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria: Physiology and Advances in Hydrogen Production Technology. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
9
|
Steinmetz MA, Fischer U. Thiosulfate sulfur transferases (Rhodaneses) ofChlorobium vibrioforme f.thiosulfatophilum. Arch Microbiol 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00693399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
10
|
Bognar A, Desrosiers L, Libman M, Newman EB. Control of nitrogenase in a photosynthetic autotrophic bacterium, Ectothiorhodospira sp. J Bacteriol 1982; 152:706-13. [PMID: 6957409 PMCID: PMC221520 DOI: 10.1128/jb.152.2.706-713.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An Ectothiorhodospira species fixed nitrogen when grown as an autotroph in completely inorganic medium by using a variety of electron donors. The organism also used organic carbon sources; however, this required induction of synthesis of various enzymes, whereas the enzymes needed for autotrophic growth were synthesized constitutively. Nitrogenase induction and function were inhibited by ammonium chloride. Nitrogenase activity was dependent on light and inhibited by oxygen.
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Eley JH, Knobloch K, Han TW. Effect of growth condition on enzymes of the citric acid cycle and the glyoxylate cycle in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1979; 45:521-9. [PMID: 552814 DOI: 10.1007/bf00403652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The enzymes of the citric acid and glyoxylate cycles as well as RuBP4 carboxylase were measured in cell-free extracts from Rhodopseudomonas palustris after growth under chemoheterotrophic, photoheterotrophic and photolithotrophic conditions. Although the citric acid cycle was found to be complete under all growth conditions, significant differences in certain enzyme activities occurred as a function of the different energy sources applied. The glyoxylate cycle also was complete under all growth conditions with highest isocitrate lyase activity seen after photoheterotrophic growth on acetate. Photo- and chemoheterotrophic growth on malate reduced the isocitrate lyase. The activity was not repressed further by photolithotrophic growth on thiosulfate. RuBP carboxylase activity, present under photolithotrophic conditions, was repressed by chemoheterotrophic growth but was not decreased by the presence of organic substrates during photoheterotrophic growth.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kondratieva EN, Zhukov VG, Ivanovsky RN, Petushkova UP, Monosov EZ. The capacity of phototrophic sulfur bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina for chemosynthesis. Arch Microbiol 1976; 108:287-92. [PMID: 942280 DOI: 10.1007/bf00454854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Purple sulfur bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina strain BBS requiring vitamin B12 may grow in the dark in media containing no other organic compounds. Under such conditions the cells oxidize sulfide and thiosulfate with the use of O2 and assimilate carbon dioxide. After 10--30s assimilation of NaH14CO3 about 60% of radioactivity is found in phosphorylated compounds characteristic for the reductive pentose phosphate cycle. The possibility of the function of this cycle in the dark in the presence of O2 is confirmed by the capacity of cells grown under such conditions to synthesize ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase. All this evidence suggests the ability of T. roseopersicina to change from phototrophy to aerobic chemolithoautotrophy.
Collapse
|
14
|
Agate AD, Vishniac W. Changes in phospholipid composition of Thiobacillus neapolitanus during growth. ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1973; 89:247-55. [PMID: 4692631 DOI: 10.1007/bf00422205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
15
|
Hansen TA, Veldkamp H. Rhodopseudomonas sulfidophila, nov. spec., a new species of the purple nonsulfur bacteria. ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1973; 92:45-58. [PMID: 4725822 DOI: 10.1007/bf00409510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
16
|
Hansen TA, van Gemerden H. Sulfide utilization by purple nonsulfur bacteria. ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1972; 86:49-56. [PMID: 4628180 DOI: 10.1007/bf00412399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
17
|
|
18
|
Eley JH, Knobloch K, Aleem MI. Cytochrome c-linked reactions in Rhodopseudomonas palustris grown photosynthetically on thiosulfate. Arch Biochem Biophys 1971; 147:419-29. [PMID: 4332718 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(71)90397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
19
|
Abstract
The number, type, and distribution of Athiorhodaceae in two Central Pennsylvania artificial lakes were investigated with an anaerobic modification of the membrane filter technique.
Collapse
|
20
|
Knobloch K, Eley JH, Aleem MI. Thiosulfate-linked ATP-dependent NAD + reduction in Rhodopseudomonas palustris. ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1971; 80:97-114. [PMID: 4331579 DOI: 10.1007/bf00411876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
21
|
Trüper HG, Peck HD. Formation of adenylyl sulfate in phototrophic bacteria. ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1970; 73:125-42. [PMID: 5487430 DOI: 10.1007/bf00410316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
22
|
Trudinger P. Assimilatory and Dissimilatory Metabolism of Inorganic Sulphur Compounds by Micro-Organisms. Adv Microb Physiol 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2911(08)60367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
23
|
Yoch DC, Lindstrom ES. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent formate dehydrogenase from Rhodopseudomonas palustris. ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1969; 67:182-8. [PMID: 4318273 DOI: 10.1007/bf00409684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
24
|
Abstract
Phosphatidyl glycerol, disphosphatidyl glycerol, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine were found in all of the Thiobacillus species studied. T. thioparus possessed only these phospholipids. T. intermedius, T. neapolitanus, and T. thiooxidans contained phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine, and T. novellus lipids contained phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-N-N-dimethylethanolamine, and phosphatidyl choline, in addition to the three phospholipids common to all of the thiobacilli. Methionine was found to act as a methyl donor in the biosynthesis of the methylated forms of phosphatidyl ethanolamine. Phosphatidyl inositol was not detected in any of the organisms. Changing the nutrient medium did not result in a qualitative change in the phospholipid spectrum of the cultures.
Collapse
|
25
|
Qadri SM, Hoare DS. Formic hydrogenlyase and the photoassimilation of formate by a strain of Rhodopseudomonas palustris. J Bacteriol 1968; 95:2344-57. [PMID: 5669906 PMCID: PMC315170 DOI: 10.1128/jb.95.6.2344-2357.1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A photosynthetic bacterium isolated by enrichment on media containing formate as major source of cell carbon was identified as a strain of Rhodopseudomonas palustris. It grew on a wide range of simple organic compounds including alcohols, fatty acids, and hydroxyacids, on a chemically defined medium with biotin and p-aminobenzoic acid as essential growth factors. The organism grew on formate or photoautotrophically with molecular hydrogen or thiosulfate only in the presence of yeast extract. Ability to photoassimilate formate could be shown only in organisms grown in the presence of formate. The organism contained an inducible formic hydrogenlyase consisting of a soluble formic dehydrogenase, a particulate hydrogenase, and one or more intermediate, but as yet unidentified, electron carriers. The formic hydrogenlyase could be reconstituted from a particulate hydrogenase and a partially purified soluble formic dehydrogenase. Some properties of the formic dehydrogenase and hydrogenase have been compared with that of the formic hydrogenlyase system.
Collapse
|