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Kuramitsu M, Momose H, Uchida Y, Ishitsuka K, Kubota R, Tokunaga M, Utsunomiya A, Umekita K, Hashikura Y, Nosaka K, Koh KR, Nakamura H, Sagara Y, Sobata R, Satake M, Nagata K, Hasegawa Y, Sasaki D, Hasegawa H, Sato T, Yamano Y, Hiraga K, Tezuka K, Ikebe E, Matsuoka S, Okuma K, Watanabe T, Miura K, Hamaguchi I. Performance evaluation of Espline HTLV-I/II, a newly developed rapid immunochromatographic antibody test for different diagnostic situations. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0207823. [PMID: 37966220 PMCID: PMC10715220 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02078-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The World Health Organization estimated that 5-10 million people are infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). This number is likely to be underestimated because reliable endemic data are available for only approximately 1.5 billion people worldwide. The point-of-care test is a powerful tool for the easy and quick detection of infections without the requirement for expensive instruments and laboratory equipment. Espline HTLV-I/II, a newly developed rapid immunochromatographic antibody test that was evaluated in this study, might significantly advance our understanding of the global epidemiology of HTLV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Kuramitsu
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Momose
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Uchida
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishitsuka
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kubota
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahito Tokunaga
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Atae Utsunomiya
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Umekita
- Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yuuki Hashikura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kisato Nosaka
- Cancer Center, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ki-Ryang Koh
- Department of Hematology, Osaka General Hospital of West Japan Railway Company, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakamura
- Japanese Red Cross Kyushu Block Blood Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Sagara
- Japanese Red Cross Kyushu Block Blood Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rieko Sobata
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Satake
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh Nagata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuri Hasegawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroo Hasegawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoo Sato
- Department of Neurology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Yamano
- Department of Neurology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kou Hiraga
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Tezuka
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Ikebe
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sahoko Matsuoka
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazu Okuma
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiki Watanabe
- Laboratory of Practical Management of Medical Information, Graduate School of Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Miura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Isao Hamaguchi
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Subaru Health Insurance Society Ota Memorial Hospital, Gunma, Japan
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Kusagawa S, Kawana-Tachikawa A, Matsubayashi K, Sobata R, Hamaguchi I. Evaluation of human T-cell leukemia virus in vitro diagnostics using plasma specimens collected in Japan. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:418. [PMID: 37340346 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08402-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro diagnostics (IVDs) for primary detection test/screening of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) have recently been updated to new-generation products in Japan. In this study, the performance of these products was evaluated and discussed in terms of the usability of HTLV diagnosis in Japan. METHODS The performance of 10 HTLV IVDs for primary detection test and confirmatory/discriminatory test was evaluated. Plasma specimens that had been declared ineligible for transfusion were provided by the Japanese Red Cross Blood Center. RESULTS The diagnostic specificity of the IVDs was 100% (160/160). Six sandwich assays resulted in all HTLV-1/HTLV-positive specimens being positive (46/46). On the other hand, one sandwich assay, IVD under development 2 (UD2), resulted in one HTLV-1-positive and one HTLV-positive specimen being negative (44/46, 95.7%). One indirect assay, HISCL HTLV-1, could not detect one HTLV-positive specimen (45/46, 97.8%), but the updated product, UD1, correctly detected it (46/46, 100%). Serodia HTLV-I, based on a particle agglutination assay, resulted in 44 of the 46 positive specimens, but could not detect two specimens (44/46, 95.7%). ESPLINE HTLV-I/II, based on an immunochromatography assay (ICA), was able to diagnose all specimens as positive (46/46, 100%). CONCLUSIONS Six sandwich assays and an ICA demonstrated high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and are recommended for use in HTLV diagnosis in conjunction with confirmatory/discriminatory test using the INNO-LIA HTLV-I/II Score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Kusagawa
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ai Kawana-Tachikawa
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Matsubayashi
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rieko Sobata
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Hamaguchi
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Franco GDM, da Rocha AS, Cox LJ, Daian E Silva DSDO, da Silveira E Santos DM, Martins ML, Romanelli LC, Ishak R, Vallinoto ACR, Bomfim MRQ, Caterino-de-Araujo A, Coelho-Dos-Reis JGA, da Fonseca FG, Barbosa-Stancioli EF. Multi-Epitope Protein as a Tool of Serological Diagnostic Development for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Infections. Front Public Health 2022; 10:884701. [PMID: 35677763 PMCID: PMC9168532 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.884701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A multi-epitope protein expressed in a prokaryotic system, including epitopes of Env, Gag, and Tax proteins of both HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 was characterized for HTLV-1/2 serological screening. This tool can contribute to support the implementation of public policies to reduce HTLV-1/2 transmission in Brazil, the country with the highest absolute numbers of HTLV-1/2 infected individuals. The chimeric protein was tested in EIA using serum/plasma of HTLV-infected individuals and non-infected ones from four Brazilian states, including the North and Northeast regions (that present high prevalence of HTLV-1/2) and Southeast region (that presents intermediate prevalence rates) depicting different epidemiological context of HTLV-1/2 infection in our country. We enrolled samples from Pará (n = 114), Maranhão (n = 153), Minas Gerais (n = 225) and São Paulo (n = 59) states; they are from blood donors' candidates (Pará and Minas Gerais), pregnant women (Maranhão) and HIV+/high risk for sexually transmitted infection (STI; São Paulo). Among the HTLV-1/2 positive sera, there were co-infections with viral (HTLV-1 + HTLV-2, HIV, HCV, and HBV), bacterial (Treponema pallidum) and parasitic (Trypanosoma cruzi, Schistosma mansoni, Strongyloides stercoralis, Entamoeba coli, E. histolytica, and Endolimax nana) pathogens related to HTLV-1/2 co-morbidities that can contribute to inconclusive diagnostic results. Sera positive for HIV were included among the HTLV-1/2 negative samples. Considering both HTLV-1 and HTLV-2-infected samples from all states and different groups (blood donor candidates, pregnant women, and individuals with high risk for STI), mono or co-infected and HTLV-/HIV+, the test specificity ranged from 90.09 to 95.19% and the sensitivity from 82.41 to 92.36% with high accuracy (ROC AUC = 0.9552). This multi-epitope protein showed great potential to be used in serological screening of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 in different platforms, even taking into account the great regional variation and different profile of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 mono or co-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela de Melo Franco
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,GIPH-Indisciplinary HTLV Research Group, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Anderson Santos da Rocha
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,GIPH-Indisciplinary HTLV Research Group, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Laura Jorge Cox
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,GIPH-Indisciplinary HTLV Research Group, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Danielle Soares de Oliveira Daian E Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,GIPH-Indisciplinary HTLV Research Group, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Débora Marques da Silveira E Santos
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,GIPH-Indisciplinary HTLV Research Group, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marina Lobato Martins
- GIPH-Indisciplinary HTLV Research Group, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Serviço de Pesquisa, Fundação HEMOMINAS, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luis Claudio Romanelli
- GIPH-Indisciplinary HTLV Research Group, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Serviço de Pesquisa, Fundação HEMOMINAS, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ishak
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Antonio C R Vallinoto
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jordana G A Coelho-Dos-Reis
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,GIPH-Indisciplinary HTLV Research Group, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flávio Guimarães da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Edel Figueiredo Barbosa-Stancioli
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,GIPH-Indisciplinary HTLV Research Group, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Novel Genetic Constructs for Production of Recombinant HTLV-1/2 Antigens and Evaluation of Their Reactivity to Plasma Samples from HTLV-1-Infected Patients. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:JCM.02701-20. [PMID: 33504592 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02701-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) can cause life-threatening diseases for which there are no effective treatments. Prevention of HTLV-1 infection requires massive testing of pregnant women, blood for transfusion, and organs for transplantation, as well as safe sex. In this context, serological assays are widely used for monitoring HTLV-1 infections. Despite the necessity for recombinant antigens to compose serological tests, there is little information available on procedures to produce recombinant HTLV-1/2 antigens for serological diagnostic purposes. In this work, we tested a series of genetic constructions to select those more amenable for production in bacterial systems. To overcome the constraints in expressing sections of viral envelope proteins in bacteria, we have used the p24 segment of the gag protein as a scaffold to display the immunogenic regions of gp46 and gp21. Nine recombinant antigenic proteins derived from HTLV-1 and five derived from HTLV-2 were successfully purified. The HTLV-1 antigens showed high efficiency in discriminating HTLV-positive samples from HTLV-negative samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Interestingly, HTLV-1-positive samples showed a high level of cross-reaction with HTLV-2 antigens. This finding is explained by the high sequence conservation between the structural proteins of these two highly related viruses. In summary, the results presented in this work provide a detailed description of the methods used to produce recombinant HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 antigens, and they demonstrate that the HTLV-1 antigens show strong potential for serological diagnosis of HTLV-1 infections.
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5
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Itabashi K, Miyazawa T, Sekizawa A, Tokita A, Saito S, Moriuchi H, Nerome Y, Uchimaru K, Watanabe T. A Nationwide Antenatal Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type-1 Antibody Screening in Japan. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:595. [PMID: 32328047 PMCID: PMC7160230 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Japan has been running a nationwide antenatal human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) antibody screening program since 2010 for the prevention of HTLV-1 mother-to-child transmission. As part of the program, pregnant women are invited to take an HTLV-1 antibody screening test, usually within the first 30 weeks of gestation, during regular pregnancy checkups. Pregnant women tested positive on the antibody screening test undergo a confirmatory test, either western blotting or line immunoassay. In indeterminate case, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used as a final test to diagnose infection. Pregnant women tested positive on a confirmatory or PCR test are identified as HTLV-1 carriers. As breastfeeding is a predominant route of postnatal HTLV-1 mother-to-child transmission, exclusive formula feeding is widely used as a postnatal preventive measure. Although there is insufficient evidence that short-term breastfeeding during ≤3 months does not increase the risk of mother-to-child transmission compared to exclusive formula feeding, this feeding method is considered if the mother is eager to breastfeed her child. However, it is important that mothers and family members fully understand that there is an increase in the risk of mother-to-child transmission when breastfeeding would be prolonged. As there are only a few clinical studies on the protective effect of frozen-thawed breastmilk feeding on mother-to-child transmission of HTLV-1, there is little evidence to recommend this feeding method. Further study on the protective effects of these feeding methods are needed. It is assumed that the risk of anxiety or depression may increase in the mothers who selected exclusive formula feeding or short-term breastfeeding. Thus, an adequate support and counseling for these mothers should be provided. In addition to raising public awareness of HTLV-1 infection, epidemiological data from the nationwide program needs to be collected and analyzed. In most cases, infected children are asymptomatic, and it is necessary to clarify how these children should be followed medically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tokuo Miyazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sekizawa
- Japan Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroyuki Moriuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Nerome
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kaoru Uchimaru
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Watanabe
- Future Center Initiative, and Research Hospital of the Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Simkins J, Morillas-Rodriguez JA, Morris MI, Abbo LM, Camargo JF, Anjan S, Natori Y, Kupin W, Ruiz P, Fernandez-Bango C, Ramos JC. Screening of human T-lymphotropic virus among solid organ transplant candidates at a large transplant center. Clin Transplant 2020; 34:e13825. [PMID: 32144826 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Simkins
- Department of Medicine/Infectious Diseases, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Michele I Morris
- Department of Medicine/Infectious Diseases, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lilian M Abbo
- Department of Medicine/Infectious Diseases, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jose Fernando Camargo
- Department of Medicine/Infectious Diseases, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shweta Anjan
- Department of Medicine/Infectious Diseases, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yoichiro Natori
- Department of Medicine/Infectious Diseases, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Warren Kupin
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Phillip Ruiz
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Juan C Ramos
- Department of Medicine/Hematology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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7
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Kjerulff B, Petersen MS, Rodrigues CM, da Silva Té D, Christiansen M, Erikstrup C, Hønge BL. HTLV infected individuals have increased B-cell activation and proinflammatory regulatory T-cells. Immunobiology 2019; 225:151878. [PMID: 31810824 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) affects the human immune system in many ways, most notably by inducing proliferation of infected CD4 + T cells, but several other cell types are also affected. To characterize the effects of HTLV infection, we analysed blood samples from HTLV-infected individuals by flow cytometry. Samples were collected from visitors at the HIV clinic in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. These samples were tested for HTLV and HIV, and 199 were analysed by flow cytometry using panels for B cells, T-cell maturation and activation, regulatory T cells (Tregs) and monocytes. CD80+ cell proportions were significantly higher in HTLV infected than in HTLV uninfected in all B cell subsets. Among T cells, there was no change in cell distribution between maturation stages, but a higher CD25+ proportion among Tregs (61.1 % vs 36.3 %, p < 0.001) in HTLV infected than in HTLV uninfected. The level of CD49d on individual cells was also higher (MFI 2734.5 vs 1,041, p < 0.001). In HTLV infected individuals, CD8 + T cells had a lower proportion of CTLA-4+ (2.5 % vs 3.5 %, 0.048) and higher PD1+ proportion on the CD45RO + subset (81.6 % vs 77.1 %, p < 0.001). Together, these findings point toward reduced regulation in HTLV + patients, which leads to immune activation. This study corroborates previous findings and offers new insight into the effects of HTLV by providing a broad flowcytometric analysis of immune cells in HTLV + individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertram Kjerulff
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Skejby, Denmark.
| | - Mikkel Steen Petersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Skejby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mette Christiansen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Bo Langhoff Hønge
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Skejby, Denmark; Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau; Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Skejby, Denmark
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8
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Kuramitsu M, Okuma K, Tezuka K, Nakamura H, Sagara Y, Kurane I, Hamaguchi I. Development and evaluation of human T-cell leukemia virus-1 and -2 multiplex quantitative PCR. Microbiol Immunol 2019; 63:458-464. [PMID: 31429972 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of human T -cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection in Japan is usually performed by serological testing, but the high rate of indeterminate results from western blotting makes it difficult to assess the infection accurately. Nucleic acid tests for HTLV-1 and/or HTLV-2 are used to confirm infection with HTLV-1 and/or HTLV-2 and are also used for the follow-up of HTLV-1 related diseases. To prepare a highly sensitive method that can discern infection with HTLV-1 and HTLV-2, a multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) by large-scale primer screening was developed. Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated by serial dilution of cell lines and by testing with known clinical samples. The resulting multiplex qPCR can detect about four copies of HTLV-1 provirus per 105 cells. Moreover, HTLV-1 provirus could be detected in 97.2% (205 of 211) of HTLV-1 seropositive clinical samples. These sensitivities were sufficiently high compared with the methods reported previously. Also, all the HTLV-2 seropositive clinical samples tested were found to be positive by this method (three of three). In conclusion, this method can successfully and simultaneously detect both types of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 provirus with extremely high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Kuramitsu
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazu Okuma
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Tezuka
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakamura
- Department of Quality, Japanese Red Cross Kyushu Block Blood Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Sagara
- Department of Quality, Japanese Red Cross Kyushu Block Blood Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kurane
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Hamaguchi
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Kjerulff B, Hønge BL, Olesen JS, Jensen MM, da Silva ZJ, Erikstrup C, Christiansen M. Phylogeny of human T-lymphotropic virus-1 subtypes in Guinea-Bissau. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2019; 112:175-180. [PMID: 29733405 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/try039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first human retrovirus discovered and there is an estimate of 15-20 million infected worldwide. Endemic areas are Japan, West Africa, Central Africa, South America, the Caribbean, Middle East, Australia and the Pacific Islands. In Guinea-Bissau, adult HTLV-1 prevalence is 2-3%, and higher among HIV-infected patients. Materials and methods Blood samples were collected in a recent HIV/HTLV survey in Bissau, the capital of Guinea-Bissau. Initially, participants were tested for HTLV serologically. The p24 and LTR regions of the proviral genome were then attempted sequenced. Sequences were analysed phylogenetically and compared with reference sequences for HTLV-1. Results A total of 3% (78/2583) participants were positive on chemiluminesent assay, six additional samples came from another study. Of the 84 seropositive participants we successfully performed sequencing on samples, from 66 participants, 17 were positive for LTR only, one for p24 only and 48 for both. Sequences were in subgroup D of HTLV-1a cosmopolitan, while HTLV-1g was present in one participant. Conclusion HTLV-1a subgroup D and, to a lesser extent HTLV-1g, is present in Guinea-Bissau and sequences are very similar, especially within households. Presence of HTLV-1g indicates monkey-to-man zoonotic events and at least two circulating HTLV strains in Guinea-Bissau. New sequences accession numbers MG387979-MG388043 for LTR and MG388044-MG388092 for p24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertram Kjerulff
- Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Department of Clinical Immunology, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Bo Langhoff Hønge
- Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Department of Clinical Immunology, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.,Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | | | | | | | - Christian Erikstrup
- Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Department of Clinical Immunology, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.,Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Mette Christiansen
- Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Department of Clinical Immunology, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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Yun SG, Kim SW, Sohn JY, Cho Y. Evaluation of Elecsys HTLV-I/II assay in comparison with ARCHITECT rHTLV-I/II assay with Korean samples. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22909. [PMID: 31059152 PMCID: PMC6642323 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The seroprevalence rate of human T-lymphotropic virus I and II (HTLV-I/II) in Korean blood donors has been known as 0.004%, and HTLV-I/II Ab screening test has been performed since 2008 in Korea. Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) approved two chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays (CMIA) for testing HTLV-I/II antibody, ABBOTT PRISM HTLV-I/HTLV-II and ARCHITECT rHTLV-I/II. A multicenter performance evaluation study in Europe and Japan was carried out with the new electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) for HTLV-I/II antibody detection, Elecsys HTLV-I/II assay which launched in 2017, but not in Korea. We aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of Elecsys HTLV-I/II assay in comparison with ARCHITECT rHTLV-I/II for the detection of HTLV-I/II antibody with Korean samples. METHODS For sensitivity evaluation, 100 HTLV-I/II-positive Korean standards from Korean Red Cross and two HTLV-II-positive samples that were purchased from Seracure were used. For the specificity, 500 potential donor specimens from Korea University Hospital healthcare center were used. All the samples were simultaneously analyzed by the two HTLV-I/II assays, Elecsys HTLV-I/II assay and ARCHITECT rHTLV-I/II assay. RESULTS Elecsys HTLV-I/II assay and ARCHITECT rHTLV-I/II assay showed a complete agrement. Elecsys HTLV-I/II assay showed 100% sensitivity (95% CI: 96.38-100.0) and specificity (95% CI: 99.26-100.0). CONCLUSIONS Elecsys HTLV-I/II assay is as reliable as ARCHITECT rTHLV-I/II assay, and can be used as a screening test for HTLV-I/II in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Gyu Yun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Sohn
- Department of laboratory medicine, Eone Laboratories, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yunjung Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Performance of Commercially Available Serological Screening Tests for Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Infection in Brazil. J Clin Microbiol 2018; 56:JCM.00961-18. [PMID: 30232131 PMCID: PMC6258847 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00961-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological screening for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is usually performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), particle agglutination, or chemiluminescence assay kits. Due to an antigen matrix improvement entailing the use of new HTLV antigens and changes in the format of HTLV screening tests, as well as newly introduced chemiluminescence assays (CLIAs), a systematic evaluation of the accuracy of currently available commercial tests is warranted. We aimed to assess the performance of commercially available screening tests for HTLV infection diagnosis. A diagnostic accuracy study was conducted on a panel of 397 plasma samples: 200 HTLV-negative plasma samples, 170 HTLV-positive plasma samples, and 27 plasma samples indeterminate by Western blotting (WB). WB-indeterminate samples (i.e., those yielding no specific bands for HTLV-1 and/or HTLV-2) were assessed by PCR, and the results were used to compare agreement among the commercially available ELISA screening tests. For performance analysis, WB-indeterminate samples were excluded, resulting in a final study panel of 370 samples. Three ELISA kits (Murex HTLV-1/2 [Murex], anti-HTLV-1/2 SYM Solution [SYM Solution], and Gold ELISA HTLV-1/2 [Gold ELISA]) and one CLIA kit (Architect rHTLV-1/2) were evaluated. All screening tests demonstrated 100% sensitivity. Concerning the HTLV-negative samples, the SYM Solution and Gold ELISA kits had specificity values of >99.5%, while the Architect rHTLV-1/2 test presented 98.1% specificity, followed by Murex, which had a specificity of 92.0%. Regarding the 27 samples with WB-indeterminate results, after PCR confirmation, all ELISA kits showed 100% sensitivity but low specificity. Accuracy findings were corroborated by the use of Cohen's kappa value, which evidenced slight and fair agreement between PCR analysis and ELISAs for HTLV infection diagnosis. Based on the data, we believe that all evaluated tests can be safely used for HTLV infection screening.
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