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Liu XN, Cheng Y, Wang YN, Wu J, Liu C, An N. Corneal ulcer possibly caused by the opportunistic pathogen Schizophyllum commune. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:1164-1166. [PMID: 32685408 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.07.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Ning Liu
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an First Hospital (First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University of China), Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an First Hospital (First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University of China), Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ya-Ni Wang
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an First Hospital (First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University of China), Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an First Hospital (First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University of China), Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an First Hospital (First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University of China), Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Na An
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an First Hospital (First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University of China), Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
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2
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Viswanathan K, Kumaresan V, Sannasimuthu A, Paray BA, Al-Sadoon MK, Arockiaraj J. Resolving the pathogenicity factors of a novel opportunistic fungus Schizophyllum commune at molecular level. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3877-3886. [PMID: 31016617 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04830-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Schizophyllum commune is a well-known mushroom forming fungi which is an edible one due to its nutritive value. It exhibits a special wood degrading mechanism to grow in decay matters by releasing a series of enzymes. These enzymes might make them an opportunistic pathogen which has been reported to infect various animals and human beings too. Although these fungi were identified as human and animal pathogens, their mechanisms of pathogenesis and the key virulence factors involved in disease establishment are not known. In this study, we reported this fungal infection in freshwater fish for the first time and its morphological features. Further, we employed RNA-seq technique to identify the major virulence factors involved in the pathogenesis in fish and the network of interaction between the identified virulence factors were analysed. Also, we confirmed the virulence roles of this fungus during infection by qRT-PCR analysis. This study emphasizes the virulence nature of the common mushroom forming food fungus and the involvement of enzymes such as phosphoinositide phospholipase C, hexosaminidase and few toxins such as pesticidal and insecticidal crystal proteins which opened a new avenue in the virulence nature of edible mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasi Viswanathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Venkatesh Kumaresan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Anbazahan Sannasimuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad K Al-Sadoon
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India.
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3
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Maeda M, Maeda T, Nakamura A, Komatsu M. A case of otitis externa caused by Schizophyllum commune: An approach to antimicrobial stewardship using Gram staining of otorrhea in a medical clinic. J Infect Chemother 2019; 25:731-734. [PMID: 30905630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune has been reported as a cause of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis. However, it is rare as a cause of otitis externa. We experienced a very rare case of otitis externa caused by S. commune in a 68-year-old man with a history of chronic otitis media. We performed Gram staining at the first consultation and follow-up treatment and found fungal cells on the smear and treated him with an appropriate antifungal drug. The results of identification and antifungal susceptibility testing obtained in cooperation with clinical microbiologists at other facilities was very important for future treatment planning decisions. Medical practitioners worldwide should introduce a Gram staining tool into their workflow and cooperate closely with clinical microbiologists to achieve antimicrobial stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Maeda
- MAEDA Ear Nose and Throat Clinic, 3-4-32 Kitayagicho, Kashihara, Nara 634-0005, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Maeda
- MAEDA Ear Nose and Throat Clinic, 3-4-32 Kitayagicho, Kashihara, Nara 634-0005, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Care, Tenri Health Care University, Tenri, Japan.
| | - Masaru Komatsu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Care, Tenri Health Care University, Tenri, Japan
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4
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Radulesco T, Varoquaux A, Ranque S, Dessi P, Michel J, Cassagne C. Maxillary fungus balls due to Fusarium proliferatum. J Mycol Med 2019; 29:59-61. [PMID: 30738735 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Fungus ball is the most common form of non-invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. Aspergillusfumigatus (between 44.8% and 75%) and Aspergillusflavus (14%) are the two most common species recovered. However, recent advances in mycological laboratory methods have enhanced the detection and identification of fungi within fungus balls. Fusarium species, sometimes recovered from other forms of fungal rhinosinusitis such as allergic fungal rhinosinusitis or acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, are poorly associated with sinonasal fungus ball. Here, we describe two further cases of a fungus ball due to Fusariumproliferatum and provide the first description of this fungal pathogen with a fungus ball of odontogenic origin. These case reports demonstrate that uncommon fungal species such as Fusarium spp. might be underestimated as agents of sinusal cavity fungus ball. Enhanced mycological detection and diagnostic techniques might give rise, in the near future, to the emergence of new or rare fungal species associated with this clinical entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Radulesco
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, La Conception University Hospital, Assistance publique-hôpitaux de Marseille, 13385 Marseille cedex, France; CNRS, IUSTI, Aix-Marseille Université, 13453 Marseille, France.
| | - A Varoquaux
- Department of Radiology, La Conception University Hospital, Assistance publique-hôpitaux de Marseille, 13385 Marseille cedex, France
| | - S Ranque
- SSA, IRD, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, VITROME, Aix-Marseille Université, AP-HM, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - P Dessi
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, La Conception University Hospital, Assistance publique-hôpitaux de Marseille, 13385 Marseille cedex, France
| | - J Michel
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, La Conception University Hospital, Assistance publique-hôpitaux de Marseille, 13385 Marseille cedex, France; CNRS, IUSTI, Aix-Marseille Université, 13453 Marseille, France
| | - C Cassagne
- SSA, IRD, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, VITROME, Aix-Marseille Université, AP-HM, 13005 Marseille, France
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5
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Tian L, Mu Y, Zhang H, Su X, Yang C, Shu X, Qing D. First report on cutaneous infectious granuloma caused by Schizophyllum commune. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:286. [PMID: 29940940 PMCID: PMC6019233 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schizophyllum commune, a basidiomycetous fungus, is a common invader of rotten wood. This fungus rarely causes mycotic disease in humans, especially cutaneous infection. In this paper, we describe the first case of cutaneous granuloma caused by S. commune in a Chinese woman. Case presentation A 25-year-old female with a two-year history of erythema, papules, nodules, and scales on her sole of left foot was presented to our outpatient center. Samples were obtained by the scraping of lesion and for light microscopy. Hyphae were observed by microscopic examination. We carried out a skin tissue biopsy, which showed multiple granulomatous nodules. Biopsy specimens were also inoculated onto media. After being cultured on SDA at 27 °C for 7 days, spreading-woolly-white colonies grew on the inoculation sites of media containing chloramphenicol only and there,s no other colonies grew. S. commune was identified by morphology methods, biochemical tests, and PCR sequencing. Pathological findings also aided in diagnosing cutaneous fungal granuloma. Oral itraconazole was applied. After 1 month of therapy, rashes on her left foot and pain were improved. Conclusion We describe the first case of cutaneous granuloma caused by Schizophyllum commune, which illustrates the importance of recognizing uncommon pathogenic fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidi Tian
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yunzhu Mu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Baoan Central Hospital and the 5th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xiaocui Su
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xianzhu Shu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Defu Qing
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
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6
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Liu X, Zou H, Chen QJ, Lu CM. Allergic fungal sinusitis caused by Schizophyllum commune. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 3:59-63. [PMID: 29204581 PMCID: PMC5683597 DOI: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) due to Schizophyllum commune was reported. The pathogen was identified using molecular bioanalysis. The patient underwent the functional endoscopic sinus surgery followed by the radical maxillary sinusotomy with canine fossa trephine. This case suggested that complete surgery allowed optimal disease clearance for AFS caused by Schizophyllum commune.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West YanJiang Rd, GuangZhou, GuangDong, 510120, PR China
| | - Hua Zou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West YanJiang Rd, GuangZhou, GuangDong, 510120, PR China
| | - Qiu-Jian Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West YanJiang Rd, GuangZhou, GuangDong, 510120, PR China
| | - Chang-Ming Lu
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West YanJiang Rd, GuangZhou, GuangDong, 510120, PR China
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Ya-Ke Yao
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Lab for Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Jian-Ying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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Abstract
Invasive fungal diseases are a significant cause of mortality among the immunocompromised. This report documents an unusual case of disseminated fungal infection in a child with severe aplastic anemia. The offending fungus, a Basidiomycete, is rarely known to cause human infections. The patient presented acutely with multiple purpuric skin lesions in various parts of the body. The skin biopsy revealed septated fungal hyphae embolized within small dermal blood vessels. Molecular sequencing indicated Earliella scabrosa as the likely organism. The clinical course of the infection was inexorable despite systemic antifungal treatment, resulting in mortality. The literature of human infections due to Basidiomycetes, the usefulness of histopathology in the early diagnosis of the infection, and possible treatment options are discussed.
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9
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Matos T, Tomazin R, Battelino S. First report of otitis externa caused by Schizophyllum commune and review of the literature. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2016; 128:387-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00508-015-0898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Michel J, Maubon D, Varoquaux DA, Boulze C, Normand AC, Righini CA, Piarroux R, Dessi P, Ranque S. Schizophyllum commune: an emergent or misdiagnosed fungal pathogen in rhinology? Med Mycol 2015; 54:301-9. [PMID: 26613704 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myv084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophyllum commune is a common basidiomycete fungus that is rarely involved in human disease. The medical records of patients operated on for fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) in two University Hospitals between 2012 and 2014 were reviewed. Within the two-year survey, six female, and notably no male, patients were diagnosed with S. commune rhinosinusitis. Mean age was 44.6 years at diagnosis (30 to 68 years). Mean time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 8.5 months (2 to 12 months). All six patients were immunocompetent and had no particular host factor for FRS. S. commune was identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and identifications were confirmed via DNA sequence analysis. Chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis was diagnosed in three of our six patients. Based on histological findings, antifungal treatment was delivered in association with surgery. The basidiomycete fungus S. commune is an emerging cause of rhinosinusitis probably as a direct consequence of the recent technological progress in fungal identification methods (DNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry).
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Michel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, APHM CHU Timone, and Aix-Marseille University, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Danièle Maubon
- Parasitologie-Mycologie, Département des Agents Infectieux, CHU Grenoble and Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Carole Boulze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, APHM CHU Timone, and Aix-Marseille University, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Anne Cécile Normand
- Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU Timone-Adultes, Marseilles, France
| | - Christian Adrien Righini
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery CHU Grenoble and Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Renaud Piarroux
- Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU Timone-Adultes, Marseilles, France Aix-Marseille University, IP-TPT UMR MD3, 13885 Marseilles, France
| | - Patrick Dessi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, APHM CHU Timone, and Aix-Marseille University, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Stéphane Ranque
- Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU Timone-Adultes, Marseilles, France Aix-Marseille University, IP-TPT UMR MD3, 13885 Marseilles, France
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11
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Classification of fungal and bacterial lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:368. [PMID: 25956378 PMCID: PMC4424831 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1601-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases are important enzymes for the decomposition of recalcitrant biological macromolecules such as plant cell wall and chitin polymers. These enzymes were originally designated glycoside hydrolase family 61 and carbohydrate-binding module family 33 but are now classified as auxiliary activities 9, 10 and 11 in the CAZy database. To obtain a systematic analysis of the divergent families of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases we used Peptide Pattern Recognition to divide 5396 protein sequences resembling enzymes from families AA9 (1828 proteins), AA10 (2799 proteins) and AA11 (769 proteins) into subfamilies. Results The results showed that the lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases have two conserved regions identified by conserved peptides specific for each AA family. The peptides were used for in silico PCR discovery of the lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases in 79 fungal and 95 bacterial genomes. The bacterial genomes encoded 0 – 7 AA10s (average 0.6). No AA9 or AA11 were found in the bacteria. The fungal genomes encoded 0 – 40 AA9s (average 7) and 0 – 15 AA11s (average 2) and two of the fungi possessed a gene encoding a putative AA10. The AA9s were mainly found in plant cell wall-degrading asco- and basidiomycetes in agreement with the described role of AA9 enzymes. In contrast, the AA11 proteins were found in 36 of the 39 ascomycetes and in only two of the 32 basidiomycetes and their abundance did not correlate to the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose. Conclusions These results provides an overview of the sequence characteristics and occurrence of the divergent AA9, AA10 and AA11 families and pave the way for systematic investigations of the of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases and for structure-function studies of these enzymes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1601-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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12
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Fatal empyema thoracis caused by Schizophyllum commune with cross-reactive cryptococcal antigenemia. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 52:683-7. [PMID: 24478514 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02770-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a fatal case of Schizophyllum commune empyema thoracis with cross-reactive cryptococcal antigenemia. In vitro testing confirmed the ability of the fungus to cause a positive cryptococcal antigen latex agglutination system (CALAS) test result. Such a result may lead to delay in diagnosis and treatment, as most strains of S. commune are resistant to fluconazole.
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13
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Toya T, Shinohara A, Tatsuno K, Seo S, Nannya Y, Ichikawa M, Makimura K, Moriya K, Kurokawa M. A case of Schizophyllum commune sinusitis following unrelated cord blood transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int J Hematol 2013; 98:261-3. [PMID: 23686329 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-013-1362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophyllum commune is a globally distributed basidiomycete fungus that is known as a rare cause of sinusitis, for which no prompt treatment has been established. We describe the first report of S. commune sinusitis following unrelated cord blood transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Thirteen days after transplantation, a 23-year-old female developed maxillary and ethmoid sinusitis. The sinusitis was antimicrobial-resistant, and the sinus aspirate culture revealed white wooly mold, which was identified as S. commune by nucleotide sequencing. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous administration of liposomal amphotericin B for 2 months, followed by oral voriconazole. This report suggests the effectiveness of liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole for S. commune infection in immunocompromised patients. Given the difficulty in distinguishing S. commune infection from aspergillosis by standard culture methods, the incidence of S. commune infection following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be underestimated. Nucleotide sequencing may be useful in the diagnosis of S. commune infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Toya
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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14
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Saha S, Sengupta J, Banerjee D, Khetan A, Mandal SM. Schizophyllum commune: a new organism in eye infection. Mycopathologia 2013; 175:357-60. [PMID: 23385954 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-013-9625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We report a case of mycotic keratitis caused by a rare fungus Schizophyllum commune. METHODS Clinical examination, slit-lamp examination, and microbiological evaluation of the corneal ulcer were done, and its treatment outcome was studied. The fungal etiology was established by conventional microbiological techniques, polymerase chain reaction and speciation by DNA sequencing. RESULTS Corneal scraping showed the presence of fungal filaments. The fungus was identified as S. commune based on DNA sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region. The organism was susceptible to amphotericin B and voriconazole and demonstrated resistance to anidulafungin, itraconazole, and fluconazole. Therapeutic keratoplasty was performed but there was recurrence of the infection in the graft, which was controlled with topical voriconazole and intracameral amphotericin B. At the end of 3 months, the affected eye had developed phthisis bulbi. CONCLUSION The best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of keratitis caused by the rare fungus S. commune. Management of these cases is difficult, and surgical procedures may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Saha
- Ocular Microbiology Services, Priyamvada Birla Aravind Eye Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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15
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Hoenigl M, Aspeck E, Valentin T, Heiling B, Seeber K, Krause R, Stammberger H, Beham A, Buzina W. Sinusitis and frontal brain abscess in a diabetic patient caused by the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune: case report and review of the literature. Mycoses 2013; 56:389-93. [PMID: 23331262 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hoenigl
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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16
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Won EJ, Shin JH, Lim SC, Shin MG, Suh SP, Ryang DW. Molecular identification of Schizophyllum commune as a cause of allergic fungal sinusitis. Ann Lab Med 2012; 32:375-9. [PMID: 22950076 PMCID: PMC3427828 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2012.32.5.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophyllum commune, a basidiomycetous fungus, rarely causes disease in humans. We report a rare case of allergic fungal sinusitis caused by S. commune in a 14-yr-old girl. The patient presented with nasal obstruction and a purulent nasal discharge. Materials obtained during endoscopic surgery of the frontal recess revealed allergic mucin and a few fungal hyphae. A potato dextrose agar (PDA) culture from the allergic mucin yielded a rapidly growing white woolly mold. Although no distinctive features including hyphae bearing spicules or a clamp connection were present, the case isolate disclosed compatible mycological features including growth at 37℃, susceptibility to cycloheximide, and production of a tart and disagreeable smell. S. commune was confirmed by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region and D1/D2 regions of the 26S ribosomal DNA. We believe this is the first report of allergic fungal sinusitis caused by S. commune in Korea. Moreover, this report highlights the value of gene sequencing as an identification tool for non-sporulating isolates of S. commune.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Won
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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17
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Sa HS, Ko KS, Woo KI, Peck KR, Kim YD. A case of sino-orbital infection caused by the Schizophyllum commune. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 73:376-7. [PMID: 22673964 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Schizophyllum commune, a basidiomycetous fungus, is a rare cause of mycotic disease in humans. We describe the first case of sino-orbital infection caused by S. commune in an immunocompetent woman who presented with maxillary sinusitis and inferior orbital tumor. Identification of the organism was confirmed by rRNA sequencing.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics
- Eye Infections, Fungal/complications
- Eye Infections, Fungal/diagnosis
- Female
- Genes, rRNA
- Head/diagnostic imaging
- Humans
- Microscopy
- Mycoses/diagnosis
- Mycoses/microbiology
- RNA, Fungal/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S/genetics
- Schizophyllum/isolation & purification
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sinusitis/complications
- Sinusitis/diagnosis
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Seok Sa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
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Chowdhary A, Randhawa HS, Gaur SN, Agarwal K, Kathuria S, Roy P, Klaassen CH, Meis JF. Schizophyllum commune as an emerging fungal pathogen: a review and report of two cases. Mycoses 2012; 56:1-10. [PMID: 22524529 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2012.02190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We report Schizophyllum commune as the aetiological agent of one case each of allergic broncho-pulmonary mycosis (ABPM) and pulmonary fungal ball, and present a literature review. The fungus was characterised by clamp connections, hyphal spicules, and formation of basidiocarps with basidiospores. The phenotypic identification was confirmed by sequencing of the ITS region. To-date, ABPM and pulmonary fungal ball to S. commune have been reported exclusively from Japan and North America respectively. Of the 71 globally reported cases due to S. commune, 45 (63%) were bronchopulmonary, 22 (31%) sinusitis and 4 extrapulmonary. Taken together, cases of bronchopulmonary disease and sinusitis numbered 67 (94%), indicating the respiratory tract as the primary target of disease. Concerning the country-wise distribution, Japan topped the list with 33 cases (46%), followed by Iran - 7 cases (10%), U.S.A. - 6 cases (9%), and a lower prevalence of 1.4-6% for the remaining 12 countries. The preponderance of the disease in Japan may be attributed to its greater awareness vis-à-vis that in other countries rather than to any geographical/climatic factors. We believe that the burden of S. commune-incited disease is currently underestimated, warranting comprehensive prospective studies to determine its prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chowdhary
- Departments of Medical Mycology Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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Gari-Toussaint M, Lachaud L, Pihet M, Rispail P, Castillo L, Crampette L, Bouchara JP. Sinusite récidivante due à Schizophyllum commune . À propos de deux nouveaux cas. J Mycol Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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20
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Perić A, Vojvodić D, Zolotarevski L, Perić A. Nasal polyposis and fungal Schizophyllum commune infection: a case report. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2011; 54:83-6. [PMID: 21842724 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2016.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a rare case of eosinophilic fungal rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in a 32-year-old woman caused by basidiomycete fungus Schizophyllum commune. Diagnosis was done by the endoscopic nasal examination, computed tomography (CT) of the paranasal sinuses, the histopathological examination of polyps, the presence of eosinophils and fungal hyphae in nasal mucus and by the detection of S. commune by culture. The patient was successfully treated by combination of oral itraconazole and topical corticosteroid therapy combined with surgery. The pathogenesis and diagnosis of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Perić
- Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Rhinology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Brockus CW, Myers RK, Crandell JM, Sutton DA, Wickes BL, Nakasone KK. Disseminated Oxyporus corticola infection in a German shepherd dog. Med Mycol 2010; 47:862-8. [PMID: 19468930 DOI: 10.3109/13693780902962267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous basidiomycetous fungus, Oxyporus corticola, has not previously been reported in the human or veterinary medical literature. Identification of this organism as the etiologic agent of fungal osteomyelitis and multiorgan dissemination in a German shepherd dog was confirmed by comparison of ITS and D1/D2 sequences with known isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Brockus
- Charles River Laboratories, Preclinical Services, Reno, Nevada 89511, USA.
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