1
|
Sikora A, Johnson J, Velez A, Greene J. Invasive phaeohyphomycosis co-infection with Alternaria spp. and Curvularia spp. in a neutropenic host. J Mycol Med 2024; 34:101497. [PMID: 38991295 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Phaeohyphomycoses are infections caused by dark-walled dematiaceous fungi. Alternaria and Curvularia are two genera of dematiaceous molds known to cause invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Co-infection with two dematiaceous fungi is rarely reported in the literature. This report describes a case of biopsy proven invasive fungal rhinosinusitis with Alternaria spp. and Curvularia spp. co-infection in a neutropenic host. The infection characteristics, microbiologic findings, and treatment are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sikora
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 1Tampa General Circle G323, Tampa, FL 33606, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Johnson
- Microbiology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ana Velez
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - John Greene
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li J, Yaqoob MD, Liu K, Sun H, Qiu Q, Ke X, Hu Y. A Cutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis Case Caused by Paraconiothyrium cyclothyrioides in Southern China. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:2401-2404. [PMID: 38894886 PMCID: PMC11185247 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s470026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Paraconiothyrium cyclothyrioides is a coelomycetous fungus species that was recently identified. We present a case of an elderly farmer with chronic skin lesions of the opisthenar caused by P. cyclothyrioides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junlan Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Danish Yaqoob
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kangxing Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hengbiao Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuling Ke
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongxuan Hu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ledoux MP, Dicop E, Sabou M, Letscher-Bru V, Castelain V, Danion F, Herbrecht R. Fusarium, Scedosporium and Other Rare Mold Invasive Infections: Over Twenty-Five-Year Experience of a European Tertiary-Care Center. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:289. [PMID: 38667960 PMCID: PMC11051493 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive mold infections (IMD) are an emerging concern due to the growing prevalence of patients at risk, encompassing but not limited to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, hematological malignancies patients, solid organ transplant recipients and intensive care unit patients. In contrast with invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis, other hyalohyphomycoses and phaeohyphomycoses remain poorly known. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical, biological, microbiological and evolutive features of 92 IMD having occurred in patients in our tertiary-care center over more than 25 years. A quarter of these infections were due to multiple molds. Molds involved were Fusarium spp. (36.2% of IMD with a single agent, 43.5% of IMD with multiple agents), followed by Scedosporium spp. (respectively 14.5% and 26.1%) and Alternaria spp. (respectively 13.0% and 8.7%). Mortality at day 84 was higher for Fusarium spp., Scedosporium spp. or multiple pathogens IMD compared with Alternaria or other pathogens (51.7% vs. 17.6%, p < 0.05). Mortality at day 84 was also influenced by host factor: higher among hematology and alloHSCT patients than in other patients (30.6% vs. 20.9% at day 42 and 50.0% vs. 27.9% at day 84, p = 0.041). Better awareness, understanding and treatments are awaited to improve patient prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Ledoux
- Department of Hematology, Institut de Cancérologie de Strasbourg, 67033 Strasbourg, France
| | - Elise Dicop
- Clinics of Oncology, Elsan, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marcela Sabou
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Plateau Technique de Microbiologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale, UR 3073 Pathogens-Host-Arthropods-Vectors Interactions, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Letscher-Bru
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Plateau Technique de Microbiologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale, UR 3073 Pathogens-Host-Arthropods-Vectors Interactions, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Castelain
- Intensive Care Unit, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - François Danion
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- INSERM UMR-S1109, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Raoul Herbrecht
- Department of Hematology, Institut de Cancérologie de Strasbourg, 67033 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mostert L, Whipp M, Woodgyer A, Summerbell RC, Gramaje D, Spies CF. Phaeoacremonium tuscanicum and Phaeoacremonium indicum sp. nov. associated with subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis. Mycology 2024; 15:129-135. [PMID: 38558841 PMCID: PMC10976992 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2024.2312917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Two cases of phaeohyphomycotic infections were caused by Phaeoacremonium tuscanicum, not previously identified in human infections, and one new species, Phaeoacremonium indicum, respectively. Morphological and cultural investigation as well as phylogenetic analysis was constructed based on maximum likelihood analyses using actin and -tubulin sequences to identify the fungal isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizel Mostert
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Margaret Whipp
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan Woodgyer
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard C. Summerbell
- Sporometrics, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David Gramaje
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de la Rioja - Gobierno de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Chris F.J. Spies
- Agricultural Research Council – Plant Health and Protection, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu H, Zhang Y, Chen J. Whole-genome sequencing and functional annotation of pathogenic Paraconiothyrium brasiliense causing human cellulitis. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:65. [PMID: 37461066 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pathogenic filamentous fungus causing eyelid cellulitis was isolated from the secretion from a patient's left eyelid, and a phylogenetic analysis based on the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and single-copy gene families identified the isolated strain as Paraconiothyrium brasiliense. The genus Paraconiothyrium contains the major plant pathogenic fungi, and in our study, P. brasiliense was identified for the first time as causing human infection. To comprehensively analyze the pathogenicity, and proteomics of the isolated strain from a genetic perspective, whole-genome sequencing was performed with the Illumina NovaSeq and Oxford Nanopore Technologies platforms, and a bioinformatics analysis was performed with BLAST against genome sequences in various publicly available databases. RESULTS The genome of P. brasiliense GGX 413 is 39.49 Mb in length, with a 51.2% GC content, and encodes 13,057 protein-coding genes and 181 noncoding RNAs. Functional annotation showed that 592 genes encode virulence factors that are involved in human disease, including 61 lethal virulence factors and 30 hypervirulence factors. Fifty-four of these 592 virulence genes are related to carbohydrate-active enzymes, including 46 genes encoding secretory CAZymes, and 119 associated with peptidases, including 70 genes encoding secretory peptidases, and 27 are involved in secondary metabolite synthesis, including four that are associated with terpenoid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes the genomic resources of P. brasiliense and provides a theoretical basis for future studies of the pathogenic mechanism of its infection of humans, the treatment of the diseases caused, and related research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Faccin M, Rodrigues Hoffmann A. Paraconiothyrium cyclothyrioides, a novel cutaneous fungal pathogen in a dog and a cat. Vet Dermatol 2023. [PMID: 36919229 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
A dog and a cat presented with pyogranulomatous mycotic pododermatitis. Panfungal PCR and next-generation sequencing identified Paraconiothyrium cyclothyrioides with 100% identity. Paraconiothyrium cyclothyrioides can rarely cause cutaneous infection and systemic disease in immunocompromised humans. This is the first report of infections in domestic animal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayane Faccin
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Phaeohyphomycosis in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Highlighting the Importance of Early Recognition and Surgical Debridement. Transplant Direct 2022; 9:e1430. [PMID: 36582672 PMCID: PMC9750663 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are a recognized complication of immunosuppression in solid organ transplant recipients. Phaeohyphomycoses are fungal infections caused by a diverse group of dematiaceous fungi. Methods We share the learning points from 2 Australian cases of phaeohyphomycosis secondary to Phaeacreomonium species (spp). A literature review was performed using Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar to identify this condition among kidney transplant recipients. Results With the 2 cases reported in this article, a total of 17 cases were identified in the literature. Phaeacremonium spp is ubiquitous in humid and temperate flora, including Australia. Minor trauma is likely the source of inoculation in most cases and diagnosis is often delayed. Presently, no guidelines for management exist given the rarity of this condition. Most known cases have been treated with surgical debulking combined with long-course antifungal therapy. Conclusion This paper describes 2 Australian cases of phaeohyphomycosis in kidney transplant recipients. A high index of suspicion, especially in the immunosuppressed, is essential for timely diagnosis in kidney transplant recipients. There are several diagnostic and therapeutic challenges that remain with this condition.
Collapse
|
8
|
Matthews S, Ho BVK, Pourakbar S, Jibbe A. Chromoblastomycosis of the face in solid organ transplant patient. JAAD Case Rep 2022; 31:69-71. [PMID: 36545482 PMCID: PMC9761327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Matthews
- Division of Dermatology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Correspondence to: Stephanie Matthews, BA, Division of Dermatology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160.
| | - Bao Vincent K. Ho
- Division of Dermatology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Sarah Pourakbar
- Division of Dermatology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Atieh Jibbe
- Division of Dermatology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rodriguez-Materon S, Trynz S, SanGiovanni TP. Fungal Osteomyelitis due to Phaeoacremonium venezuelense: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect 2022; 12:01709767-202206000-00024. [PMID: 36099497 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.22.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CASE A 56-year-old immunosuppressed man presented with pain and swelling in the medial and anterior right foot with accompanied numbness in the second and third toes 1 month after a puncture wound by a Sylvester palm tree thorn. An intraoperative culture/biopsy returned positive for septic arthritis of the naviculocuneiform joint and fungal osteomyelitis of the navicular, medial, and intermediate cuneiforms due to Phaeoacremonium venezuelense. CONCLUSION Fungal osteomyelitis is extremely rare. Only 5 cases by Phaeoacremonium venezuelense have been reported previously in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of osteomyelitis by this strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solangel Rodriguez-Materon
- Miami Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Institute at Baptist Health South Florida - Orthopaedic Surgeon. Foot and Ankle Research Fellow, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Samantha Trynz
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Thomas P SanGiovanni
- Miami Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Institute at Baptist Health South Florida - Foot and Ankle Specialist, Orthopedic Surgeon, Coral Gables, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Radcliffe C, Radcliffe AJ, Azar MM, Grant M. Dematiaceous fungal infections in solid organ transplantation: systematic review and bayesian meta-analysis. Transpl Infect Dis 2022; 24:e13819. [PMID: 35253959 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dematiaceous fungi cause a number of infectious syndromes referred to as phaeohyphomycosis among both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. We performed a systematic review to characterize these infections in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR). METHODS We searched PubMed database (last searched 1/6/2022) for English-language reports on dematiaceous fungal infections in SOTR. Included reports needed individualized demographic, treatment, and outcome data; pediatric reports were excluded. A universally applicable bias assessment was performed on reports. Models for infection type and outcome were created using the Bayesian paradigm. RESULTS We included 149 reports on 201 cases of dematiaceous fungal infections in SOTR. The mean age was 54 years, 72% were men, and kidney recipients accounted for 61% of cases. Skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) was the most common infectious syndrome (73%). Death from infection occurred in 7% of cases (14/201), with disseminated (32%) cases having the highest mortality. Our model for infection type predicted the relative probability of central nervous system infection to be highest in liver recipients. Across all transplant types, higher relative probabilities of disseminated and pulmonary infections occur in the early post-transplant period, and the predicted probabilities for these infection types decreased after 100 months post-transplantation. DISCUSSION We identified SSTI as the most common dematiaceous fungal infections in SOTR. Disseminated infections carried the worst prognosis. The evidence in this review is limited by the heterogeneity of included cases. No funding source was used, and this review's protocol was not registered. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marwan M Azar
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew Grant
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang J, Shao S, Liu C, Song Z, Liu S, Wu S. The genus Paraconiothyrium: species concepts, biological functions, and secondary metabolites. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:781-810. [PMID: 34214001 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1933898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The genus Paraconiothyrium has worldwide distribution with diverse host habitats and exhibits potential utilisation as biocontrol agent, bioreactor and antibiotic producer. In this review, we firstly comprehensively summarise the current taxonomic status of Paraconiothyrium species, including their category names, morphological features, habitats, and multigene phylogenetic relationships. Some Paraconiothyrium species possess vital biological functions and potential applications in medicine, agriculture, industry, and environmental protection. A total of 147 secondary metabolites have been reported so far from Paraconiothyrium, among which 95 are novel. This paper serves to provide an overview of their diverse structures with chemical classification and biological activities. To date, 27 species of Paraconiothyrium have been documented; however, only seven have been investigated for their secondary metabolites or biological functions. Our review is expected to draw more attention to this genus for providing a taxonomic reference, discovering extensive biological functions, and searching in-depth for new bioactive natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Shicheng Shao
- Gardening and Horticulture Department, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla County, Yunnan, China
| | - Chuansheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhiqiang Song
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Sisi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Shaohua Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mhmoud NA, Siddig EE, Nyuykonge B, Bakhiet SM, van de Sande WWJ, Fahal AH. Mycetoma caused by Microascus gracilis: a novel agent of human eumycetoma in Sudan. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 115:426-430. [PMID: 33515449 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Microascus are uncommon agents of human diseases despite their ubiquitous presence in the environment. In this communication, the first case of white grain eumycetoma caused by the fungus Microascus gracilis is reported. The patient was initially misdiagnosed as having actinomycetoma based on the grains morphological and cytological features and was treated with antimicrobial therapy with no clinical improvement. She underwent wide local surgical excision to improve the response to medical treatment and further grain cultural, molecular and taxonomy techniques were conducted and the diagnosis of mycetoma due to M. gracilis was established. The antifungal susceptibilities of this isolate to nine drugs were tested in vitro and they showed poor activity. Combination therapy with surgery and itraconazole led to complete recovery. A medical literature search revealed no previous report on M. gracilis as a causative agent of eumycetoma and hence we are reporting this new causative agent of human eumycetoma. Also, the difficulty in the management of this patient emphasizes the need for accurate and appropriate diagnostic tests for the identification of mycetoma-causative organisms and thus proper management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najwa A Mhmoud
- Mycetoma Research Centre, University of Khartoum, PO Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan.,Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Emmanuel Edwar Siddig
- Mycetoma Research Centre, University of Khartoum, PO Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan.,Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.,Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bertrand Nyuykonge
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sahar Mubarak Bakhiet
- Mycetoma Research Centre, University of Khartoum, PO Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Wendy W J van de Sande
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Hassan Fahal
- Mycetoma Research Centre, University of Khartoum, PO Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hallur V, Rath S, Sable M, Kar P, Rudramurthy SM, Mishra T, Deshmukh V. A rare case of phaeohyphomycosis due to Phaeoacremonium krajdenii from Odisha. Indian J Med Microbiol 2021; 40:172-174. [PMID: 34020845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A 45-year-old healthy woodcutter presented with a cystic swelling on the sole of the left great toe. Other than barefoot walking, there was no history of trauma or significant illness in the past. Fine needle aspirate showed yeast and hyphae on microscopy and culture grew black mould which was identified as Phaeoacremonium krajdenii species and genus confirmed by internal transcribed spacer sequencing. Aspiration of the lesion resulted in cure. Phaeoacremonium is a genus of fungi which are rare human pathogens, and herein we report a rare case of phaeohyphomycosis due to Phaeoacremonium krajdenii from the state of Odisha, India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinaykumar Hallur
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, India.
| | - Sutapa Rath
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Mukund Sable
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Punyatoya Kar
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Tushar Mishra
- Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Vaishnavi Deshmukh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hamed A, Bosshardt Hughes O, Palavecino EL, Jakharia N. Cutaneous infection caused by paraconiothyrium cyclothyrioides in a renal transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis 2021; 23:e13624. [PMID: 33884728 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infections because of Coelomycetes are being diagnosed more frequently, ranging from superficial cutaneous to disseminated infections. An increasing incidence of infections because of emerging environmental fungi are being reported in immunocompromised patients because of exposure to soil, plants, and water. We report a case of cutaneous infection because of Paraconiothyrium cyclothyrioides, a Coelomycetous fungi, including literature review on reported cases and discuss suggested treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Almutasem Hamed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Niyati Jakharia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Do mangrove habitats serve as a reservoir for Medicopsis romeroi, a clinically important fungus. Mycol Prog 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-020-01623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
16
|
Belkin A, Summerbell RC, Krajden S, Scott J. The type isolate of a rare Phaeoacremonium species as a cause of human eumycetoma. Med Mycol Case Rep 2020; 30:5-7. [PMID: 32874850 PMCID: PMC7452298 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
An isolate of unknown identity that had been identified as causing eumycetoma was retained in an international culture collection, and eventually became the nomenclatural type isolate of the rarely encountered Phaeoacremonium sphinctrophorum. The case featured an indurated, painless, swollen lesion on the dorsum of the foot that had developed in a Canadian resident who had previously been a farmer in Laos. Resection alone was curative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belkin
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Richard C Summerbell
- Sporometrics, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - James Scott
- Sporometrics, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Antifungal xanthones produced by the endophytic fungus Paraconionthyrium sp. YM 311593. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 65:567-572. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
18
|
Abstract
In this communication, a case of black grain eumycetoma produced by the fungus C. atrobrunneum is reported. The patient was initially misdiagnosed with M. mycetomatis eumycetoma based on the grains’ morphological and cytological features. However, further aerobic culture of the black grains generated a melanised fungus identified as C. atrobrunneum by conventional morphological methods and by internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. This is the first-ever report of C. atrobrunneum as a eumycetoma-causative organism of black grain eumycetoma. It is essential that the causative organism is identified to the species level, as this is important for proper patient management and to predict treatment outcome and prognosis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Du Y, Chen Z, Li H, Wang Y, Fu P, Zhu W. Pafuranones A and B, two dimeric polyketides from a rare marine algae-derived fungus Paraconiothyrium sp. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
20
|
Garcia-Hermoso D, Valenzuela-Lopez N, Rivero-Menendez O, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Guarro J, Cano-Lira JF, Stchigel AM. Diversity of coelomycetous fungi in human infections: A 10-y experience of two European reference centres. Fungal Biol 2019; 123:341-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
21
|
Fernandez-Pittol MJ, Alejo-Cancho I, Rubio E, López M, García A, Mascaro JM, Marco F, Vila J, Puig de la Bellacasa J. Cutaneous infection by Phaeoacremonium parasiticum. Rev Iberoam Micol 2019; 36:90-92. [PMID: 30853370 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phaeoacremonium parasiticum is considered a rare infectious agent that is part of a heterogeneous group of fungi causing phaeohyphomycosis. This organism is capable of producing subcutaneous infections, eumycetomas, osteomyelitis, arthritis, myositis and also disseminated diseases, such as fungemia and endocarditis. CASE REPORT We describe a case of cutaneous infection by P. parasiticum in a kidney transplant patient. The identification of this microorganism was performed by microbiological and histopathological studies and confirmed with the sequence of the gene encoding β-tubulin and a real time panfungal PCR targeting 18S ribosomal RNA gene. The microorganism was correctly identified by phenotypic and molecular methods. The patient was treated with oral antifungal therapy and a debulking surgery and evolved without any complication. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of this infection is difficult and usually affects kidney transplant patients, but the reasons of this association are still unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Izaskun Alejo-Cancho
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, ISGLOBAL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Rubio
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, ISGLOBAL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam López
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, ISGLOBAL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana García
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francesc Marco
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, ISGLOBAL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Vila
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, ISGLOBAL, Barcelona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Valenzuela-Lopez N, Cano-Lira JF, Stchigel AM, Guarro J. DNA sequencing to clarify the taxonomical conundrum of the clinical coelomycetes. Mycoses 2018; 61:708-717. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicomedes Valenzuela-Lopez
- Mycology Unit; Medical School and IISPV; University Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
- Microbiology Unit; Medical Technology Department; Faculty of Health Science; University of Antofagasta; Antofagasta Chile
| | - José F. Cano-Lira
- Mycology Unit; Medical School and IISPV; University Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
| | - Alberto M. Stchigel
- Mycology Unit; Medical School and IISPV; University Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
| | - Josep Guarro
- Mycology Unit; Medical School and IISPV; University Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Arredondo-Santoyo M, Vázquez-Garcidueñas MS, Vázquez-Marrufo G. Identification and characterization of the biotechnological potential of a wild strain of Paraconiothyrium
sp. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:846-857. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Arredondo-Santoyo
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo; Michoacán México
| | - Ma. Soledad Vázquez-Garcidueñas
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas Dr. Ignacio Chávez, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo; Michoacán México
| | - Gerardo Vázquez-Marrufo
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo; Michoacán México
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Marty FM, Cornely OA, Mullane KM, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Maher RM, Croos-Dabrera R, Lu Q, Lademacher C, Oren I, Schmitt-Hoffmann AH, Giladi M, Rahav G, Perfect JR. Isavuconazole for treatment of invasive fungal diseases caused by more than one fungal species. Mycoses 2018; 61:485-497. [PMID: 29611227 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The optimal approach to treat invasive fungal disease (IFD) caused by more than one fungal species is unknown. We documented the efficacy and safety of isavuconazole for treatment of IFDs caused by more than one fungal species. VITAL was a single-arm, international, open-label study evaluating the efficacy and safety of isavuconazole (200 mg orally or intravenously every 8 hours for 48 hours, then once daily) for treatment of rare IFDs. The primary outcome was the overall response at Day 42; key secondary outcomes were overall responses at Day 84 and end of treatment (EOT), mortality at Days 42 and 84, and safety. This analysis includes patients with IFD caused by multiple fungal species. Fifteen patients were included in this analysis (including Aspergillus spp., n = 11; without Aspergillus spp., n = 4); median treatment duration was 97 days [range, 6-544] days). Overall treatment success was observed in 2/15 patients (13.3%) at Days 42 and 84, and 2/14 (14.3%) at EOT. All-cause mortality was 2/15 (13.3%) at Day 42 and 4/15 (26.7%) at Day 84. All patients had ≥1 treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE); 12 patients (80.0%) had serious TEAEs; TEAEs led to discontinuation of isavuconazole in two patients (13.3%). Isavuconazole may be useful to treat some IFDs caused by multiple fungal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M Marty
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oliver A Cornely
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Trials Centre Cologne, ZKS Köln, and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathleen M Mullane
- Department of Medicine/Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner
- University of Texas Medical School at Houston and Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Qiaoyang Lu
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., Northbrook, IL, USA
| | | | - Ilana Oren
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Michael Giladi
- Infectious Disease Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galia Rahav
- Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - John R Perfect
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Al Salmi I, Metry AM, Al Ismaili F, Hola A, Al Riyami M, Khamis F, Al-Abri S. Transplant tourism and invasive fungal infection. Int J Infect Dis 2018; 69:120-129. [PMID: 29428409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deceased and live-related renal transplants (RTXs) are approved procedures that are performed widely throughout the world. In certain regions, commercial RTX has become popular, driven by financial greed. METHODS This retrospective, descriptive study was performed at the Royal Hospital from 2013 to 2015. Data were collected from the national kidney transplant registry of Oman. All transplant cases retrieved were divided into two groups: live-related RTX performed in Oman and commercial-unrelated RTX performed abroad. These groups were then divided again into those with and without evidence of fungal infection, either in the wound or renal graft. RESULTS A total of 198 RTX patients were identified, of whom 162 (81.8%) had undergone a commercial RTX that was done abroad. Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) were diagnosed in 8% of patients who had undergone a commercial RTX; of these patients, 76.9% underwent a nephrectomy and 23.1% continued with a functioning graft. None of the patients with RTXs performed at the Royal Hospital contracted an IFI. The most common fungal isolates were Aspergillus species (including Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans, and Aspergillus nigricans), followed by Zygomycetes. However, there was no evidence of fungal infection including Aspergillus outside the graft site. Computed tomography (CT) findings showed infarction of the graft, renal artery thrombosis, aneurysmal dilatation of the external iliac artery, fungal ball, or just the presence of a perigraft collection. Of the total patients with IFIs, 23.1% died due to septic shock and 53.8% were alive and on hemodialysis. The remaining 23.1% who did not undergo nephrectomy demonstrated acceptable graft function. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest single-center study on commercial RTX reporting the highest number of patients with IFI acquired over a relatively short period of time. Aspergillus spp were the main culprit fungi, with no Candida spp being isolated. A high index of suspicion might be the most reasonable means to reduce the possible very poor outcomes. Improving legal transplant programs and strengthening the associated laws could prevent commercial transplant tourism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Al Salmi
- The Renal Medicine Department, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
| | - A M Metry
- The Renal Medicine Department, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
| | - F Al Ismaili
- The Renal Medicine Department, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
| | - A Hola
- The Renal Medicine Department, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
| | - M Al Riyami
- Department of Pathology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
| | - F Khamis
- Infectious Disease Department, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
| | - S Al-Abri
- Infectious Disease Department, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Aizawa T, Domoto T, Aoki S, Azuma R, Kiyosawa T. Phaeoacremonium Tenosynovitis of the Wrist. J Hand Surg Am 2017; 42:393.e1-393.e3. [PMID: 28027843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A 79-year-old man presented with a painless, soft, subcutaneous mass lesion of the right volar wrist that had been slowly growing for 3 years. A cloudy, yellow serous effusion was aspirated from the punctured mass, from which Phaeoacremonium spp., an extremely rare cause of tenosynovitis, was isolated in culture. Total synovectomy was performed without the use of antifungal agents. No recurrence or complications occurred as of 6 months after surgery. Fungal infection is rare but should be considered in the differentiation of chronic tenosynovitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsushi Aizawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Takashi Domoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shimpo Aoki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Azuma
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Kiyosawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Caviedes MP, Torre AC, Eliceche ML, Valdivia Monteros DC, Volonteri VI, Galimberti RL. Cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis. Int J Dermatol 2017; 56:415-420. [PMID: 28295266 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phaeohyphomycosis is an infrequent infection in human beings. However, in recent years, its prevalence has augmented in immunosuppressed patients (mostly in solid organ transplanted patients). Infection can be mucocutaneous or disseminated. In the former, the fungus inoculation occurs mainly through traumatism. Lesions may be polymorphic and asymptomatic, isolated or multiple, and are usually localized in exposed areas of the limbs and head. Treatment is not standardized. When possible, surgical resection of the lesion is combined with systemic antifungals. METHODS We communicate three phaeohyphomycosis cases with cutaneous compromise. RESULTS The cases we present show diverse clinical characteristics and varied severity and evolution. CONCLUSION It is important for dermatologists to recognize this cutaneous fungus infection because the diagnosis using microscopic examination and mycological culture depends on the clinical suspicion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P Caviedes
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana C Torre
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maite Lisa Eliceche
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Victoria I Volonteri
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo L Galimberti
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Coelomycetous Fungi in the Clinical Setting: Morphological Convergence and Cryptic Diversity. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 55:552-567. [PMID: 27927918 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02221-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human infections by coelomycetous fungi are becoming more frequent and range from superficial to systemic dissemination. Traumatic implantation of contaminated plant material is the most common cause. The typical morphological feature of these fungi is the production of asexual spores (conidia) within fruiting bodies called conidiomata. This study aimed to determine the distribution of the coelomycetes in clinical samples by a phenotypic and molecular study of a large set of isolates received from a U.S. reference mycological institution and by obtaining the in vitro antifungal susceptibility pattern of nine antifungals against a selected group of isolates. A total of 230 isolates were identified by sequencing the D1 and D2 domains of the large subunit (LSU) nuclear ribosomal RNA (nrRNA) gene and by morphological characterization. Eleven orders of the phylum Ascomycota were identified: Pleosporales (the largest group; 66.1%), Botryosphaeriales (19.57%), Glomerellales (4.35%), Diaporthales (3.48%), Xylariales (2.17%), Hysteriales and Valsariales (0.87%), and Capnodiales, Helotiales, Hypocreales and Magnaporthales (0.43% each). The most prevalent species were Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, Paraconiothyrium spp., Phoma herbarum, Didymella heteroderae, and Epicoccum sorghinum The most common anatomical site of isolation was superficial tissue (66.5%), followed by the respiratory tract (17.4%). Most of the isolates tested were susceptible to the majority of antifungals, and only flucytosine showed poor antifungal activity.
Collapse
|
30
|
Guégan S, Garcia-Hermoso D, Sitbon K, Ahmed S, Moguelet P, Dromer F, Lortholary O. Ten-Year Experience of Cutaneous and/or Subcutaneous Infections Due to Coelomycetes in France. Open Forum Infect Dis 2016; 3:ofw106. [PMID: 27419178 PMCID: PMC4943527 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Coelomycetes are rarely but increasingly reported in association with human infections involving mostly skin and subcutaneous tissues, both in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Coelomycetes constitute a heterogeneous group of filamentous fungi with distinct morphological characteristics in culture, namely an ability to produce asexual spores within fruit bodies. Methods. We included all cases of proven primary cutaneous and/or subcutaneous infections due to coelomycetes received for identification at the French National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals between 2005 and 2014. Eumycetoma, chromoblastomycosis, and disseminated infections were excluded. Results. Eighteen cases were analyzed. The median age was 60.5 years. In all cases, patients originated from tropical or subtropical areas. An underlying immunodepression was present in 89% of cases. Cutaneous and/or subcutaneous lesions, mainly nodules, abscesses, or infiltrated plaques, were observed in distal body areas. Isolates of different genera of coelomycetes were identified: Medicopsis (6), Paraconiothyrium (3), Gloniopsis (3), Diaporthe (3), Peyronellaea (2), Lasiodiplodia (1). Lesion treatment consisted of complete (10) or partial (2) surgical excision and/or the use of systemic antifungal therapy, namely voriconazole (5) and posaconazole (4). Literature review yielded 48 additional cases of cutaneous and/or subcutaneous infections due to coelomycetes. Conclusions. Infectious diseases physicians should suspect coelomycetes when observing cutaneous and/or subcutaneous infections in immunocompromised hosts from tropical areas; a sequence-based approach is crucial for strains identification but must be supported by consistent phenotypic features; surgical treatment should be favored for solitary, well limited lesions; new triazoles may be used in case of extensive lesions, especially in immunocompromised patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Guégan
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Tenon; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 938, Saint Antoine Research Center
| | - Dea Garcia-Hermoso
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité de Recherche Associée 3012, Paris, France
| | - Karine Sitbon
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité de Recherche Associée 3012, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Ahmed
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Moguelet
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie , Hôpital Tenon
| | - Françoise Dromer
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité de Recherche Associée 3012, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lortholary
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité de Recherche Associée 3012, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre d'Infectiologie Necker Pasteur, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Université René Descartes-Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
In Vitro Susceptibility Profiles of Eight Antifungal Drugs against Clinical and Environmental Strains of Phaeoacremonium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:7818-22. [PMID: 26369976 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01733-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro susceptibilities of a worldwide collection of molecularly identified Phaeoacremonium strains (n = 43) belonging to seven species and originating from human and environmental sources were determined for eight antifungal drugs. Voriconazole had the lowest geometric mean MIC (0.35 μg/ml), followed by posaconazole (0.37 μg/ml), amphotericin B (0.4 μg/ml), and isavuconazole (1.16 μg/ml). Caspofungin, anidulafungin, fluconazole, and itraconazole had no activity.
Collapse
|