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Samojlović M, Petrović T, Polaček V, Lupulović D, Lazić G, Rogan D, Lazić S. Evaluation of longitudinal passive immunity transfer against lumpy skin disease virus in calves by different serological methods. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:2797-2804. [PMID: 38780823 PMCID: PMC11315755 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
To implement effective lumpy skin disease (LSD) control measures, such as timely vaccination, particularly in calves and serological monitoring, it is necessary to evaluate immune response after vaccination, both in adult cattle and in their calves. The aim of this study was to evaluate passive immunity transfer and duration of maternal antibodies against lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) in calves born to vaccinated cows by two different serological methods. The longitudinal study was carried out on two farms in Serbia where no cases were reported during LSD outbreak in 2016. Fifteen cows on each farm were vaccinated and revaccinated with attenuated vaccine - Neethling strain. A total of 30 cows and 30 calves on both farms were included in the study. Serum samples from cows were collected on calving day and serum samples from their respective calves on days 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 after birth. Colostrum samples were collected only from 15 cows on one farm. In order to determine the presence of antibodies against LSDV a total of 30 cow sera samples, 15 colostrum samples and 270 calf sera samples were examined by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and modified virus neutralization test (VNT). Overall, the performance of both serological tests was very satisfactory. The results of this longitudinal study showed that persistence of passive immunity in calves is less than 4 months, and that most calves are not protected against LSDV at that age. Since the vaccination is the most important control measure against LSDV, the recommended age of six months for vaccination of calves born to vaccinated cows should be reassessed to achieve the most optimal protection against LSD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamaš Petrović
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Diana Lupulović
- Vetpro doo, Laboratory for Veterinary Clinical Diagnostics, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gospava Lazić
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dragan Rogan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sava Lazić
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Serbia
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Rittipornlertrak A, Modethed W, Sangkakam K, Muenthaisong A, Vinitchaikul P, Boonsri K, Pringproa K, Punyapornwithaya V, Kreausukon K, Sthitmatee N, Singhla T. Persistence of passive immunity in calves receiving colostrum from cows vaccinated with a live attenuated lumpy skin disease vaccine and the performance of serological tests. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1303424. [PMID: 38835894 PMCID: PMC11148353 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1303424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the persistent duration of maternal immunity against lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) in dairy calves born from vaccinated cows using a virus neutralization test (VNT). The performance of the VNT and an in-house-ELISA test was also determined. Thirty-seven pregnant cows from 12 LSD-free dairy farms in Lamphun province, Thailand were immunized with a homologous Neethling strain-based attenuated vaccine and calved from December 2021 to April 2022. Blood samples from dam-calve pairs were collected within the first week after calving. Subsequently, blood samples were taken from the calves at monthly intervals over a period of 4 months and tested for the humoral immune response using a VNT. The calf sera were also tested with an in-house ELISA test to estimate the accuracy of both tests using a Bayesian approach. For the results, antibodies against LSDV can persist in cows for 4-9 months post-vaccination. Moreover, neutralizing antibodies and LSDV-specific antibodies against LSDV were detected in the majority of calves (75.68%) during the first week after colostrum intake. However, the percentage of seropositive calves declined to zero by day 120, with seropositivity dropping below 50% after day 60. Only a small number of seropositive calves (approximately 13.51%) were observed on day 90. These findings indicated that passive immunity against LSDV can last up to 3 months. The median of posterior estimates for sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the VNT were 87.3% [95% posterior probability interval (PPI) = 81.1-92.2%] and 94.5% (95% PPI = 87.7-98.3%), respectively. The estimated Se and Sp for the ELISA test were 83.1% (95% PPI = 73.6-92.6%) and 94.7% (95% PPI = 88.4-98.5%), respectively. In conclusion, this study illustrates the transfer and persistence of maternal passive immunity against LSDV to calves under field conditions. This highlights a potential three-month vaccination gap in calves born from vaccinated cows, while an in-house ELISA test can be used as an ancillary test for LSDV immune response detection. However, further research is required to assess the vaccination protocols for calves as young as 2 months old to precisely determine the duration of maternal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarin Rittipornlertrak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine and Biological Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wittawat Modethed
- Chiang Mai Livestock Office, Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Sangkakam
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine and Biological Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anucha Muenthaisong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine and Biological Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Kittikorn Boonsri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Veerasak Punyapornwithaya
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Khwanchai Kreausukon
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nattawooti Sthitmatee
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine and Biological Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Tawatchai Singhla
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Suwankitwat N, Bhakha K, Molee L, Songkasupa T, Puangjinda K, Chamchoy T, Arjkumpa O, Nuansrichay B, Srisomrun S, Pongphitcha P, Lekcharoensuk P, Arunvipas P. Long-term monitoring of immune response to recombinant lumpy skin disease virus in dairy cattle from small-household farms in western Thailand. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 99:102008. [PMID: 37467568 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) was firstly reported in Thailand in 2021 which affected the cattle industry. However, there is limited information on the immune response of LSDV infection in Thailand where recombinant vaccine strain circulated. The aim of this research was to study the duration of LSD immune response of subclinical and clinical animals after natural infection in dairy cattle. Sixty-six dairy cattle from ten farms in central and western regions of Thailand were investigated. Antibody was detected by virus neutralization test and ELISA. Cell mediated immunity (CMI)-related cytokine gene expressions were evaluated. Antibody was detected until at least 15 months after the noticeable symptom. Cattle with subclinical disease had lower antibody levels compared to animals which had clinical disease. IFN-γ and TNF-α levels were increased, while IL-10 level was decreased in the infected animals compared to the controls. This study elucidated immune responses in dairy cattle herd affected by recombinant LSDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutthakarn Suwankitwat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bangkhen campus, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Virology section, National Institute of Animal Health, Department of Livestock Development, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Kultyarat Bhakha
- Virology section, National Institute of Animal Health, Department of Livestock Development, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Lamul Molee
- Virology section, National Institute of Animal Health, Department of Livestock Development, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Tapanut Songkasupa
- Virology section, National Institute of Animal Health, Department of Livestock Development, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Kanokwan Puangjinda
- Virology section, National Institute of Animal Health, Department of Livestock Development, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Tapakorn Chamchoy
- Epidemiology section, National Institute of Animal Health, Department of Livestock Development, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Orapun Arjkumpa
- The 4th Regional Livestock Office, Department of Livestock Development, Khon Kaen 40260, Thailand.
| | - Bandit Nuansrichay
- Virology section, National Institute of Animal Health, Department of Livestock Development, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Smit Srisomrun
- Bovine Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand.
| | - Phitcha Pongphitcha
- Bovine Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand.
| | - Porntippa Lekcharoensuk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bangkhen campus, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Pipat Arunvipas
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand.
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Cao G, Xiong Y, Shi M, Qiu Y, Bian Y, Nie F, Huo D, Hou C. The End of the Gray Zone: One-Tube Nested Recombinase Polymerase Amplification with Ultrahigh Signal-to-Noise Ratio for Precisely Detecting and Surveilling Viruses. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37367936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The samples were difficult to accurately determine positive or negative between 35 and 40 cycles by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) as the standard method. Here, we developed one-tube nested recombinase polymerase amplification (ONRPA) technology with CRISPR/Cas12a to overcome this difficulty. ONRPA broke the amplification plateau to substantially enhance the signals, which considerably improved the sensitivity and eliminated the problem of gray area. Using two pairs of primers one after another, it improved precision by lowering the probability of magnifying several target zones, which was completely free of contamination by nonspecific amplification. This was important in nucleic acid testing. Finally, by the CRISPR/Cas12a system as a terminal output, the approach achieved a high signal output as few as 2.169 copies·μL-1 in 32 min. ONRPA was 100-fold more sensitive than conventional RPA and 1000-fold compared to qPCR. ONRPA coupled with CRISPR/Cas12a will be an important and new promoter of RPA in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaihua Cao
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, Sichuan 400044, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Cattle Diseases Detection (Chongqing) of Customs. Diagnosis and Testing Laboratory of Lumpy Skin Disease, Chongqing Customs Technology Center, Chongqing 400020, PR China
| | - Yifan Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, Sichuan 400044, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Cattle Diseases Detection (Chongqing) of Customs. Diagnosis and Testing Laboratory of Lumpy Skin Disease, Chongqing Customs Technology Center, Chongqing 400020, PR China
| | - Meimei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cattle Diseases Detection (Chongqing) of Customs. Diagnosis and Testing Laboratory of Lumpy Skin Disease, Chongqing Customs Technology Center, Chongqing 400020, PR China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, Sichuan 400044, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Cattle Diseases Detection (Chongqing) of Customs. Diagnosis and Testing Laboratory of Lumpy Skin Disease, Chongqing Customs Technology Center, Chongqing 400020, PR China
| | - Yong Bian
- Science and Technology Research Center of China Customs, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Fuping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cattle Diseases Detection (Chongqing) of Customs. Diagnosis and Testing Laboratory of Lumpy Skin Disease, Chongqing Customs Technology Center, Chongqing 400020, PR China
| | - Danqun Huo
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, Sichuan 400044, PR China
| | - Changjun Hou
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, Sichuan 400044, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-perception & Intelligent Information Processing, School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, Sichuan 400044, PR China
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Development of in-house ELISA for detection of antibodies against lumpy skin disease virus in cattle and assessment of its performance using a bayesian approach. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13499. [PMID: 36825168 PMCID: PMC9941990 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a contagious disease among cattle and buffalo worldwide. Currently, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been recognized as an efficient diagnostic tool that is less time-consuming and easier than the viral neutralization test to measure the antibody levels. In the present study, an in-house method of indirect ELISA was developed to detect the bovine antibodies against Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) and its performance was assessed using field samples. This in-house method has been compared with the commercial ELISA test kit for detection of bovine antibodies against LSDV. The sensitivity (Se) and the specificity (Sp) of the test were estimated using a Bayesian latent class model. Checkerboard titration was performed using the naturally LSDV-infected bovine sera and colostrum-deprived calf sera. The LSDV antigen concentrations (1 TCID50/mL), the sample serum (1:500), and goat anti-bovine immunoglobulin G (IgG) labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (1:10,000) were determined to be optimal for this assay. The calculated cut-off value was 0.067, and there were no differences in the results of tests that utilized positive and negative sera (p < 0.05). The characteristics of two diagnostic tests were evaluated using a conditional dependent and one-population Bayesian model. The Se value of an in-house indirect ELISA were almost similar to ELISA test kit. On the other hand, the Sp value of the in-house ELISA test was lower than that of the commercial ELISA test with the median values of 89% (95% PPI = 75.9-99.3%) and 91.4% (95% PPI = 85.3-95.5%), respectively. A posterior estimate for the prevalence was 66.9% (95% PPI = 60.8-83.3%) and higher than initially expected.
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Bazid AH, Wasfy M, Fawzy M, Nayel M, Abdelmegeid M, Thabet RY, Yong HS, El-Sayed MM, Magouz A, Badr Y. Emergency vaccination of cattle against lumpy skin disease: Evaluation of safety, efficacy, and potency of MEVAC ® LSD vaccine containing Neethling strain. Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:767-777. [PMID: 36460903 PMCID: PMC9734455 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an emerging disease of cattle causing significantly high economic losses. Control of LSD depends on the use of homologous attenuated LSD virus strains isolated originally from South Africa (the Neethling strain). The virus belongs to the genus Capripoxvirus, which includes sheep pox virus and goat pox virus. The present study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new live attenuated LSD vaccine produced by Middle East for Vaccines (MEVAC®) based on the Neethling strain. Tests were performed both in Egypt and Vietnam. Safety was evaluated by inoculation of five cattle with 10 times the recommended dose and observation of the animals for 14 days. Immunogenicity was tested at different periods post-vaccination (PV) in animals receiving the recommended doses of the vaccine using ELISA and virus neutralization test. Five cows were used to determine the protection index (PI) and non-vaccinated control cattle were included. Three calves were challenged by intradermal inoculation of the wild virus (5 × 105 TCID50) 28 days PV. Field or mass vaccination experiments were conducted in Vietnam during national campaigns in the summer of 2021 with 4301 vaccinated animals closely monitored after vaccination. In the field, around 2% (80/4301) of the animals showed hyper-reactivity, and 0.6% (24/4301) showed small skin swellings that disappeared within few hours PV. Abortion was recorded in three animals (0.3% 3/867). Challenged animals were resistant to clinical disease and PI value was 3.5 log10. Meanwhile, antibody levels determined by the ELISA were inconsistent among animals and laboratories during the study period. Overall, the findings point to a new safe and effective LSD vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Hamid Bazid
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, 32958 Menoufiya, Egypt
| | - Momtaz Wasfy
- Middle East for Vaccines (MEVAC®), 44813 Sharquia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fawzy
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nayel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufiya, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelmegeid
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh, University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| | | | - Hui Sian Yong
- Senior Regional Business Manager, Asia Kemin Biologics®, 12 Senoko Drive, 758200 Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Asmaa Magouz
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Yassien Badr
- Department of Animal Medicine (Branch of Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, 22511 El‑Beheira, Egypt
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Kar PP, Araveti PB, Kuriakose A, Srivastava A. Design of a multi-epitope protein as a subunit vaccine against lumpy skin disease using an immunoinformatics approach. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19411. [PMID: 36371522 PMCID: PMC9653426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a transboundary viral disease of cattle that causes substantial economic loss globally. There is no specific treatment and subunit vaccine for this disease to date. Reports of the global spread of this disease are worrisome. We designed a multi-epitope protein using an immunoinformatics approach in this study. We analyzed the proteome of LSDV and found 32 structural/surface proteins. Four of these 32 proteins were predicted as antigenic and non-homologous to bovine and highly conserved in 26 LSDV isolates. The predicted B-cell epitopes and CTL epitopes were stitched together with the help of an AAY linker leading to the formation of a multi-epitope protein. The in silico study revealed that the modeled subunit vaccine candidate and TLR4 receptor interact with high affinity. This interaction was also found to be stable using a molecular dynamics simulation study. Our study demonstrates a leap towards developing a subunit vaccine against LSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajna Parimita Kar
- grid.508105.90000 0004 1798 2821National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Gachibowli, Gopanpalli, Hyderabad, 500 032 Telangana India ,grid.502122.60000 0004 1774 5631Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, 121 001 Haryana India
| | - Prasanna Babu Araveti
- grid.508105.90000 0004 1798 2821National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Gachibowli, Gopanpalli, Hyderabad, 500 032 Telangana India ,grid.502122.60000 0004 1774 5631Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, 121 001 Haryana India
| | - Akshay Kuriakose
- grid.508105.90000 0004 1798 2821National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Gachibowli, Gopanpalli, Hyderabad, 500 032 Telangana India
| | - Anand Srivastava
- grid.508105.90000 0004 1798 2821National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Gachibowli, Gopanpalli, Hyderabad, 500 032 Telangana India ,grid.502122.60000 0004 1774 5631Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, 121 001 Haryana India
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Amin DM, Shehab G, Emran R, Hassanien RT, Alagmy GN, Hagag NM, Abd-El-Moniem MII, Habashi AR, Ibraheem EM, Shahein MA. Diagnosis of naturally occurring lumpy skin disease virus infection in cattle using virological, molecular, and immunohistopathological assays. Vet World 2021; 14:2230-2237. [PMID: 34566343 PMCID: PMC8448636 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2230-2237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a contagious viral disease that has great economic losses among Egyptian breeding flocks. The present study was designed to compare the results of different diagnostic approaches used for the diagnosis of LSD virus (LSDV). Materials and Methods: A total of 73 skin nodule samples were collected from suspected infected cattle with LSDV from some Egyptian governorates during 2019 and 2020. Trials for virus isolation (VI) and identification on embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) were conducted. Molecular detection, histopathological, and immunohistochemical examination were also conducted. Results: The virus was isolated into ECEs, and 58 samples of 73 were positive and gave a characteristic pock lesion on the chorioallantoic membrane. Twenty-two representative nodular skin specimens of the 58 positive samples were selected to be used for molecular, histopathological, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) diagnosis. Conventional polymerase chain reaction succeeded in detecting LSDV DNA in all tested 22 skin nodule samples. Histological examination of skins of different cases revealed various alterations depending on the stage of infection. IHC was used as a confirmatory test for detecting LSDV antigen in the tissues of the skin nodules of infected cattle using specific anti-LSDV antibodies. Lumpy skin viral antigen was detected within the cytoplasm of the epidermal basal cells layer and prickle cell and within the cytoplasm of the hair follicles’ epithelial outer and inner roots. Conclusion: This study confirmed the prevalence of LSDV infection in different Egyptian governorates during 2019 and 2020. In addition, histopathology and IHC could be potential methods to confirm Lumpy skin disease infection besidesVI and molecular detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawlat M Amin
- Department of Pathology Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gehan Shehab
- Department of Pathology Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rawhya Emran
- Department of Pathology Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rabab T Hassanien
- Department of Virology Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gehan N Alagmy
- Department of Pathology Research, Animal Health Research Institute (Zagazig Branch), Agriculture Research Center, 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M Hagag
- Genome Research Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mervat I I Abd-El-Moniem
- Department of Virology Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Habashi
- Department of Virology Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Essam M Ibraheem
- Department of Pathology Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Momtaz A Shahein
- Department of Virology Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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9
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KUMAR PANKAJ, KUMARI RASHMIREKHA, DEVI SARITA, TRIPATHI MANOJKUMAR, SINGH JASPREET, KUMAR RAVI, KUMAR MANISH. Emergence and transboundary spread of lumpy skin disease in South Asia. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v91i7.115893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an OIE notifiable, transboundary pox viral disease of livestock. LSD is an emerging disease severely affecting livestock economics. The zoonotic potential of the LSD virus has not been extensively studied and reported. In approximately 90 years, the virus dispersed to numerous world locations after its first emergence in Zambia. LSD virus emergence in South Asia prevailed among livestock (cattle and water buffalo) owners due to economic/financial losses. The estimate of the economic impact of LSD in the southern, eastern and southeastern countries suggested direct losses of livestock and production of approximately USD 1.45 billion. In 2019, nearly the same time, the disease was reported for the first time from many bordering countries, such as India, Nepal, China, and Bangladesh. In 2020, the LSD was also recorded in Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Vietnam and Southeast China. In 2021, it further spread to new countries such as Thailand, Malaysia and Cambodia. Cattle affected with LSD show a characteristic nodular lesion or skin lump over the whole body and may occasionally be associated with systemic signs. Hematophagous arthropod-borne mechanical transmission is considered primary and the most common route; however, other transmission routes related to illegal animal trade have played a role in the emergence of LSD in countries otherwise/earlier free from it. Among serological diagnostic tests, OIE recommends virus neutralization as the standard gold test. Diagnosis in LSD-free countries requires virus isolation and further sequencing of the isolate. Control of LSD is possible by most of the measures applied for rapidly transmitting viral infection, including vaccination. LSD virus-specific vaccines are considered suitable to confer protection to cattle and buffalo over heterologous vaccines. In countries such as India, the lack of a specific policy for LSD at the time of the first onset of this disease, the high density of susceptible unvaccinated populations, unawareness among farmers, veterinarians and prevailing laws of no slaughter of cattle created a favourable situation of its spread to many states. Amid COVID-19, the whole world is in turmoil; the emergence of diseases such as LSD is further lowering the economy, and hence must be reviewed to save and sustain the backbone of the developing country's economy in Southeast Asia.
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Shafik NG, Khafagy HA, AM A, Bassiuony AI, Fouad Zaki F, Mikhael CA, Samy Abousenna M. Comparative study between lumpy skin disease virus and sheep pox virus vaccines against recent field isolate of lumpy skin disease virus. BIONATURA 2021. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2021.01.03.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a vector born disease of cattle, caused by Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV), there is antigenic relationship between LSDV, Sheeppox virus (SPPV) and Goat pox virus GTPV within a genus Capripoxvirus, accordingly it can be used homologous or heterologous Capripoxvirus strains for vaccination of cattle against LSD. This study compare the efficacy of live attenuated Neethling LSDV vaccine and live attenuated Romanian SSPV Vaccine against recent circulating LSDV field isolate. The evaluation was done in calves as the main host of LSD, through using three different batches for each vaccine type. Experimental calf groups were vaccinated with vaccines batches, and after 21 days serum samples were collected for evaluation of humoral immune response by using SNT and commercial ELISA technique, then the vaccinated calves were challenged by virulent LSDV field isolate. The results of SNT for vaccinated calves by LSDV vaccines indicated mean neutralizing antibody titer 1.2, 1.6 and1.5 log10 for the batches 1, 2 and 3 respectively, while vaccinated calves by SPPV vaccines indicated 1.05, 1.05 and 1.5 log10 for the batches 1,2 and 3 respectively; the ELISA mean sample to positive (S/P) percentage for the vaccine batches 1, 2 and 3 of LSDV were 40, 45 and 42% respectively and for SPPV vaccine batches 1,2 and 3 were 35, 37 and 40 % respectively, the challenge test indicated mean difference titer for the groups of calves vaccinated with LSDV vaccine were 4.2, 4.5 and 3.8 log10 and for groups vaccinated with SPPV vaccine were 2.6, 2 and 2.65 log10 respectively, it was concluded that potential using of Neethling LSDV vaccine against LSD is superior for combating and prevention of the lumpy skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen G Shafik
- Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics (CLEVB), Agricultural Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba A Khafagy
- Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics (CLEVB), Agricultural Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal AM
- Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics (CLEVB), Agricultural Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayatollah I Bassiuony
- Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Pox department, Agricultural Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Farid Fouad Zaki
- Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics (CLEVB), Agricultural Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Christine A Mikhael
- Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Pox department, Agricultural Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Samy Abousenna
- Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics (CLEVB), Agricultural Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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