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Mongkolsamrit S, Khonsanit A, Thanakitpipattana D, Tasanathai K, Noisripoom W, Lamlertthon S, Himaman W, Houbraken J, Samson RA, Luangsa-Ard J. Revisiting Metarhizium and the description of new species from Thailand. Stud Mycol 2020; 95:171-251. [PMID: 32855740 PMCID: PMC7426330 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades the molecular phylogeny and classification of Metarhizium has been widely studied. Despite these efforts to understand this enigmatic genus, the basal lineages in Metarhizium are still poorly resolved. In this study, a phylogenetic framework is reconstructed for the Clavicipitaceae focusing on Metarhizium through increased taxon-sampling using five genomic loci (SSU, LSU, tef, rpb1, rpb2) and the barcode marker ITS rDNA. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses and morphological characterisation of green-spored entomopathogenic Metarhizium isolates from Thailand and soil isolates of M. carneum and M. marquandii reveal their ecological, genetic and species diversity. Nineteen new species are recognised in the Metarhizium clade with narrow host ranges: two new species are found in the M. anisopliae complex - M. clavatum on Coleoptera larvae and M. sulphureum on Lepidoptera larvae; four new species are found in the M. flavoviride complex - M. biotecense and M. fusoideum on brown plant hoppers (Hemiptera), M. culicidarum on mosquitoes, M. nornnoi on Lepidoptera larvae; three new species M. megapomponiae, M. cicadae, M. niveum occur on cicadas; five new species M. candelabrum, M. cercopidarum, M. ellipsoideum, M. huainamdangense M. ovoidosporum occur on planthoppers, leafhoppers and froghoppers (Hemiptera); one new species M. eburneum on Lepidoptera pupae; and four new species M. phuwiangense, M. purpureum, M. purpureonigrum, M. flavum on Coleoptera . Of these 19 new species, seven produce a sexual morph (M. clavatum, M. eburneum, M. flavum, M. phuwiangense, M. purpureonigrum, M. purpureum, and M. sulphureum) and asexual morphs are found in the remaining new species and also in M. sulphureum, M. purpureonigrum and M. purpureum. Metarhizium blattodeae, M. koreanum and M. viridulum are new records for Thailand. An alternative neotype for Metarhizium anisopliae is proposed based on multi-gene and 5'tef analyses showing that CBS 130.71 from Ukraine is more suitable, being from a much closer geographical location to Metchnikoff's Metarhizium anisopliae. This isolate is distinct from the neotype of Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae proposed by M. Tulloch from Ethiopia (ARSEF 7487). Six new genera are established for monophyletic clades subtending the core Metarhizium clade, including Keithomyces, Marquandomyces, Papiliomyces, Purpureomyces, Sungia, and Yosiokobayasia. Metarhizium carneum, M. aciculare, and M. neogunnii are combined in Keithomyces and one new combination for M. marquandii in Marquandomyces is proposed. Purpureomyces is introduced for species producing purple stromata including a new combination for M. khaoyaiense and two new species P. maesotensis and P. pyriformis. Papiliomyces contains two new combinations for M. liangshanense and Metacordyceps shibinensis. The genus Sungia is proposed for the Korean species M. yongmunense on Lepidoptera pupa and Yosiokobayasia for the Japanese species M. kusanagiense also on Lepidoptera pupa. A synoptic and dichotomous key to the accepted taxa is provided together with tables listing distinguishing morphological characters between species, host preferences, and geography.
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Key Words
- Biological control
- Clavicipitaceae
- Entomopathogenic fungi
- Keithomyces Samson, Luangsa-ard & Houbraken
- Keithomyces acicularis (H. Iwasaki et al.) Samson, Luangsa-ard & Houbraken
- Keithomyces carneus (Duché & R. Heim) Samson, Luangsa-ard & Houbraken
- Keithomyces neogunnii (T.C. Wen & K.D. Hyde) Luangsa-ard, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. candelabrum Luangsa-ard, Mongkolsamrit, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. cercopidarum Luangsa-ard, Mongkolsamrit, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. cicadae Luangsa-ard, Tasanathai, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. clavatum Luangsa-ard, Mongkolsamrit, Lamlertthon, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. culicidarum Luangsa-ard, Khonsanit, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. eburneum Luangsa-ard, Noisripoom, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. ellipsoideum Luangsa-ard, Khonsanit, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. flavum Luangsa-ard, Mongkolsamrit, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. fusoideum Luangsa-ard, Mongkolsamrit, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. huainamdangense Luangsa-ard, Mongkolsamrit, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. megapomponiae Luangsa-ard, Tasanathai, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. niveum Luangsa-ard, Tasanathai, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. nornnoi Luangsa-ard, Khonsanit, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. ovoidosporum Luangsa-ard, Khonsanit, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. phuwiangense Luangsa-ard, Mongkolsamrit, Himaman, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. purpureonigrum Luangsa-ard, Tasanathai, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. purpureum Luangsa-ard, Mongkolsamrit, Lamlertthon, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. sulphureum Luangsa-ard, Khonsanit, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- Marquandomyces Samson, Houbraken & Luangsa-ard
- Marquandomyces marquandii (Massee) Samson, Houbraken & Luangsa-ard
- Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokīn
- Metarhizium biotecense Luangsa-ard, Khonsanit, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- P. pyriformis Luangsa-ard, Noisripoom, Himaman, Mongkolsamrit, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- Papiliomyces Luangsa-ard, Samson & Thanakitpipattana
- Papiliomyces liangshanensis (M. Zang et al.) Luangsa-ard, Samson & Thanakitpipattana
- Papiliomyces shibinensis (T.C. Wen et al.) Luangsa-ard Samson & Thanakitpipattana
- Purpureomyces Luangsa-ard, Samson & Thanakitpipattana
- Purpureomyces khaoyaiensis (Hywel-Jones) Luangsa-ard, Samson & Thanakitpipattana
- Purpureomyces maesotensis Luangsa-ard, Noisripoom, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- Sungia Luangsa-ard, Samson & Thanakitpipattana
- Sungia yongmunensis (G.H. Sung et al.) Luangsa-ard, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- Yosiokobayasia Samson, Luangsa-ard & Thanakitpipattana
- Yosiokobayasia kusanagiensis (Kobayasi & Shimizu) Samson, Luangsa-ard & Thanakitpipattana
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mongkolsamrit
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - A Khonsanit
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - D Thanakitpipattana
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - K Tasanathai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - W Noisripoom
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - S Lamlertthon
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - W Himaman
- Forest Entomology and Microbiology Research Group, Forest and Plant Conservation Research Office, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, 61 Phahonyothin Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - J Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, NL-3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - R A Samson
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, NL-3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - J Luangsa-Ard
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
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Goodman AL, Lockhart SR, Lysen CB, Westblade LF, Burnham CAD, Burd EM. Two cases of fungal keratitis caused by Metarhizium anisopliae. Med Mycol Case Rep 2018; 21:8-11. [PMID: 29560304 PMCID: PMC5857487 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We present two cases of keratitis due to Metarhizium anisopliae in geographically separated areas of the United States. The isolates were microscopically similar but morphologically different and were identified by ribosomal DNA sequencing. Both isolates had low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values to caspofungin and micafungin, but high MIC values to amphotericin B. The morphologic and antifungal susceptibility differences between the two isolates indicate possible polyphylogeny of the group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Goodman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shawn R Lockhart
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Colleen B Lysen
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lars F Westblade
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carey-Ann D Burnham
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eileen M Burd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Brancini GTP, Tonani L, Rangel DEN, Roberts DW, Braga GUL. Species of the Metarhizium anisopliae complex with diverse ecological niches display different susceptibilities to antifungal agents. Fungal Biol 2017; 122:563-569. [PMID: 29801801 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Species of the Metarhizium anisopliae complex are globally ubiquitous soil-inhabiting and predominantly insect-pathogenic fungi. The Metarhizium genus contains species ranging from specialists, such as Metarhizium acridum that only infects acridids, to generalists, such as M. anisopliae, Metarhizium brunneum, and Metarhizium robertsii that infect a broad range of insects and can also colonize plant roots. There is little information available about the susceptibility of Metarhizium species to clinical and non-clinical antifungal agents. We determined the susceptibility of 16 isolates comprising four Metarhizium species with different ecological niches to seven clinical (amphotericin B, ciclopirox olamine, fluconazole, griseofulvin, itraconazole, tebinafine, and voriconazole) and one non-clinical (benomyl) antifungal agents. All isolates of the specialist M. acridum were clearly more susceptible to most antifungals than the isolates of the generalists M. anisopliae sensu lato, M. brunneum, and M. robertsii. All isolates of M. anisopliae, M. brunneum, and M. robertsii were resistant to fluconazole and some were also resistant to amphotericin B. The marked differences in susceptibility between the specialist M. acridum and the generalist Metarhizium species suggest that this characteristic is associated with their different ecological niches, and may assist in devising rational antifungal treatments for the rare cases of mycoses caused by Metarhizium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme T P Brancini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Ludmilla Tonani
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Drauzio E N Rangel
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74605-050, Brazil
| | - Donald W Roberts
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5305, USA
| | - Gilberto U L Braga
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil.
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Nourrisson C, Dupont D, Lavergne RA, Dorin J, Forouzanfar F, Denis J, Weeks K, Joubert R, Chiambaretta F, Bourcier T, Roux S, Sénéchal A, Benaïm G, Wallon M, Candolfi E, Letscher-Bru V, Poirier P, Sabou M. Species of Metarhizium anisopliae complex implicated in human infections: retrospective sequencing study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 23:994-999. [PMID: 28487164 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fungi belonging to the Metarhizium anisopliae complex comprise ubiquitous arthropod pathogenic moulds used as mycopesticides. Rare cases of human infections due to M. anisopliae have been reported. We hypothesize misidentifications of fungal strains implicated in these cases or used in mycopesticides. METHODS A review of the literature was conducted to identify previously published cases. We collected some of these previous described strains and reported new cases, and a French mycopesticide containing M. anisopliae. All identifications were performed based on elongation factor-1α gene sequencing. RESULTS We report eight new cases of Metarhizium infection in humans (three from France and five from Australia). The strains isolated from these cases, and three others from already published cases and reported as M. anisopliae, were molecularly identified based on elongation factor-1α (Ef1-α) gene sequencing as follows: Metarhizium robertsii (six), Metarhizium guizhouense (three), Metarhizium brunneum (one) and Metarhizium pingshaense (one). CONCLUSIONS In this study, we report new human cases of Metarhizium infections, and, based on Ef-1α gene sequencing, we demonstrate the misidentification of species in case reports. We also correct the species identification of a strain reported as M. anisopliae used in a commercially available mycopesticide. According to our results, none of the strains from the human infection reports reviewed belongs to the species M. anisopliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nourrisson
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6023, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et environnement (LMGE), Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - D Dupont
- Institut de Parasitologie et de Mycologie Médicale, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Équipe WAKING, Physiologie intégrée du système d'éveil, centre de recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - R-A Lavergne
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Nantes, Département de Mycologie Médicale, Universités Nantes Atlantique, EA1155-IICiMed, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2, Nantes, France
| | - J Dorin
- Structure de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Département de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - F Forouzanfar
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et de Mycologie Médicale, Plateau Technique de Microbiologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - J Denis
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et de Mycologie Médicale, Plateau Technique de Microbiologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale, EA 7292, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - K Weeks
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Microbiology, The Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - R Joubert
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - F Chiambaretta
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - T Bourcier
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - S Roux
- Département de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - A Sénéchal
- Service de pneumologie, hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - G Benaïm
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - M Wallon
- Institut de Parasitologie et de Mycologie Médicale, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Équipe WAKING, Physiologie intégrée du système d'éveil, centre de recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - E Candolfi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et de Mycologie Médicale, Plateau Technique de Microbiologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale, EA 7292, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - V Letscher-Bru
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et de Mycologie Médicale, Plateau Technique de Microbiologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale, EA 7292, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - P Poirier
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6023, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et environnement (LMGE), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Sabou
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et de Mycologie Médicale, Plateau Technique de Microbiologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale, EA 7292, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
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Dorin J, Debourgogne A, Zaïdi M, Bazard MC, Machouart M. First unusual case of keratitis in Europe due to the rare fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Int J Med Microbiol 2015; 305:408-12. [PMID: 25813244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metarhizium anisopliae is a fungus utilized worldwide for insect-pest biocontrol. Few M. anisopliae infections have been reported previously. Here, M. anisopliae was isolated from a corneal ulcer in a healthy man. It is the first ocular case in France and Europe of this extremely rare fungus in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Dorin
- Structure de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Département de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nancy (CHU-Nancy), Hôpitaux de Brabois, 11 allée du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France.
| | - Anne Debourgogne
- Structure de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Département de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nancy (CHU-Nancy), Hôpitaux de Brabois, 11 allée du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France; Laboratoire Stress Immunité Pathogène, EA 7300, Université de Lorraine, 9 avenue de la forêt de Haye, 54511 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Mohamed Zaïdi
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nancy (CHU-Nancy), Hôpitaux de Brabois, 11 allée du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Marie-Christine Bazard
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nancy (CHU-Nancy), Hôpitaux de Brabois, 11 allée du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Marie Machouart
- Structure de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Département de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nancy (CHU-Nancy), Hôpitaux de Brabois, 11 allée du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France; Laboratoire Stress Immunité Pathogène, EA 7300, Université de Lorraine, 9 avenue de la forêt de Haye, 54511 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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Performance of panfungal--and specific-PCR-based procedures for etiological diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases on tissue biopsy specimens with proven infection: a 7-year retrospective analysis from a reference laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:1737-40. [PMID: 24574295 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00328-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A retrospective analysis of real-time PCR (RT-PCR) results for 151 biopsy samples obtained from 132 patients with proven invasive fungal diseases was performed. PCR-based techniques proved to be fast and sensitive and enabled definitive diagnosis in all cases studied, with detection of a total of 28 fungal species.
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Abstract
The growing resistance against antifungal drugs has renewed the search for alternative treatment modalities, and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) seems to be a potential candidate. Preliminary findings have demonstrated that dermatophytes and yeasts can be effectively sensitized in vitro and in vivo by administering photosensitizers (PSs) belonging to four chemical groups: phenothiazine dyes, porphyrins and phthalocyanines, as well as aminolevulinic acid, which, while not a PS in itself, is effectively metabolized into protoporphyrin IX. Besides efficacy, PDT has shown other benefits. First, the sensitizers used are highly selective, i.e., fungi can be killed at combinations of drug and light doses much lower than that needed for a similar effect on keratinocytes. Second, all investigated PSs lack genotoxic and mutagenic activity. Finally, the hazard of selection of drug resistant fungal strains has been rarely reported. We review the studies published to date on antifungal applications of PDT, with special focus on yeast, and aim to raise awareness of this area of research, which has the potential to make a significant impact in future treatment of fungal infections.
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Motley WW, Melson AT, Mortensen JE. Pediatric Metarrhizium anisopliae keratitis. J AAPOS 2011; 15:101-3. [PMID: 21316282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metarrhizium anisopliae (M. anisopliae) is an entomopathogenic fungus used as an agricultural pesticide in many countries, including the United States. M. anisopliae grows optimally at 25°C and is therefore considered safe to humans. We report a case of a 12-year-old girl who is a soft contact lens wearer with M. anisopliae corneal ulcer who was treated effectively with topical natamycin after identification of the organism by corneal culture. Topical amphotericin B was not effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Walker Motley
- Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Anand R, Tiwary BN. Cytokine profile and cytotoxicity in response to acute intratracheal dose ofMetarhizium anisopliaein BALB/c mice. Med Mycol 2010; 48:1039-48. [DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2010.494254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Amóra SSA, Bevilaqua CML, Feijó FMC, Pereira RHDMA, Alves ND, Freire FADM, Kamimura MT, Oliveira DMD, Luna-Alves Lima EÁ, Rocha MFG. The effects of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum on different stages of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae). Acta Trop 2010; 113:214-20. [PMID: 19883621 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The control of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) vector is often based on the application of chemical residual insecticide. However, this strategy has not been effective. The continuing search for an appropriate vector control may include the use of biological control. This study evaluates the effects of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum on Lutzomyia longipalpis. Five concentrations of the fungus were utilized, 1 x 10(4) to 1 x 10(8) conidia/ml, accompanied by controls. The unhatched eggs, larvae and dead adults previously exposed to fungi were sown to reisolate the fungi and analysis of parameters of growth. The fungus was subsequently identified by PCR and DNA sequencing. M. anisopliae var. acridum reduced egg hatching by 40%. The mortality of infected larvae was significant. The longevity of infected adults was lower than that of negative controls. The effects of fungal infection on the hatching of eggs laid by infected females were also significant. With respect to fungal growth parameters post-infection, only vegetative growth was not significantly higher than that of the fungi before infection. The revalidation of the identification of the reisolated fungus was confirmed post-passage only from adult insects. In terms of larvae mortality and the fecundity of infected females, the results were significant, proving that the main vector species of VL is susceptible to infection by this entomopathogenic fungus in the adult stage.
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Gonzales FP, Da Silva SH, Roberts DW, Braga GUL. Photodynamic Inactivation of Conidia of the Fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Aspergillus nidulans with Methylene Blue and Toluidine Blue. Photochem Photobiol 2010; 86:653-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00689.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rodríguez-Tudela JL, Cuesta I, Gómez-López A, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Bernal-Martínez L, Cuenca-Estrella M. Pruebas moleculares en el diagnóstico micológico. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2008; 26 Suppl 13:47-53. [PMID: 19100167 DOI: 10.1157/13128780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Alves L, Alves S, Oliveira L, Jonsson C. EFEITO DO FUNGO METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE (METSCH.) SOROK. (DEUTEROMYCETES) PARA ASTYANAX SCABRIPINNIS (JENYNS, 1842) (PISCES: CHARACIDAE). ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657v75p4712008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Avaliou-se o efeito de Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) para Astyanax scabripinnis (Jenyns, 1842) (Pisces, Characidae), em condições de laboratório. Suspensões aquosas de conídios recémproduzidos, viáveis (viabilidade mínima 90%) e inviabilizados por meio de autoclavagem (121º C, 20 minutos, a 1 atm), na concentração de 6,5 x 1010 conídios/aquário (equivalente a 5 x 1015 conídios/ ha, que representa 1.000 vezes a concentração recomendada para o controle de cigarrinhas de pastagens, principal praga-alvo deste entomopatógeno no Brasil), foram aplicadas em aquários contendo A. scabripinnis . Foram analisadas amostras de água e dos peixes, dos quais foram dissecados as brânquias e o estômago, em diferentes intervalos de tempo, a fim de se avaliar a presença dos conídios. Observaram-se diariamente o comportamento e a mortalidade de peixes em ambos os tratamentos. Avaliou-se nos peixes sobreviventes a morfologia das células das brânquias e do fígado. Verificou-se que nas brânquias não houve alteração no número de conídios ao longo de 16 dias de contato, sendo que no estômago houve um ligeiro acréscimo inicial seguido de redução constante. A viabilidade dos conídios em todos os locais avaliados decresceu após 24 horas da aplicação. Constatou-se que não houve morte ou quaisquer alterações comportamentais após 30 dias de contato, indicando a ausência de efeitos adversos associados à capacidade do fungo em provocar infecção ou exercer efeitos tóxicos em ambos os organismos-teste.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.F.A. Alves
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Brasil
| | - S.B. Alves
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Brasil
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Salvador RB, Cuenca-Estrella M, Márquez MVD, Gadea Gironés I. El diagnóstico molecular en las infecciones parasitarias y fúngicas. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2008; 26 Suppl 9:50-7. [DOI: 10.1016/s0213-005x(08)76541-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cutaneous infection with Metarhizium anisopliae in a patient with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and immune deficiency. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2008; 27:283-4. [PMID: 18277915 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0b013e31816459ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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