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Mihara Y, Kado H, Matsumoto K, Kurose R, Tsujinaka E, Nakai K, Yamauchi A, Hatta T. Peritoneal Dialysis-associated Peritonitis Due to Streptococcus oralis Three Weeks after Peritoneal Dialysis Initiation. Intern Med 2024; 63:707-710. [PMID: 37438136 PMCID: PMC10982001 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2035-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A 60-year-old man with end-stage renal disease due to nephrosclerosis had a peritoneal dialysis catheter (PD) embedded with stepwise initiation of peritoneal dialysis using Moncrief and Popovich's technique three months ago. PD was initiated three weeks after creating an exit site. He presented with abdominal pain and fever a day before admission and was diagnosed with PD-associated peritonitis caused by Streptococcus oralis. Medical consultation after admission revealed a history of wisdom tooth extraction following PD catheter placement, resulting in delayed wound healing. Transient bacteremia can occur after tooth extraction, leading to PD-associated peritonitis. Contemplating the oral milieu in patients undergoing PD is pertinent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mihara
- Department of Nephrology, Omihachiman Community Medical Center, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kado
- Department of Nephrology, Omihachiman Community Medical Center, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Nephrology, Omihachiman Community Medical Center, Japan
| | - Ryo Kurose
- Department of Nephrology, Omihachiman Community Medical Center, Japan
| | - Erika Tsujinaka
- Department of Nephrology, Omihachiman Community Medical Center, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Nakai
- Department of Nephrology, Omihachiman Community Medical Center, Japan
| | - Asuka Yamauchi
- Department of Nephrology, Omihachiman Community Medical Center, Japan
| | - Tsuguru Hatta
- Department of Nephrology, Omihachiman Community Medical Center, Japan
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Shahi I, Dongas SA, Ilmain JK, Torres VJ, Ratner AJ. Characterization of tigurilysin, a novel human CD59-specific cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, reveals a role for host specificity in augmenting toxin activity. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2023; 169:001393. [PMID: 37702594 PMCID: PMC10569062 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are a large family of pore-forming toxins, produced by numerous Gram-positive pathogens. CDCs depend on host membrane cholesterol for pore formation; some CDCs also require surface-associated human CD59 (hCD59) for binding, conferring specificity for human cells. We purified a recombinant version of a putative CDC encoded in the genome of Streptococcus oralis subsp. tigurinus, tigurilysin (TGY), and used CRISPR/Cas9 to construct hCD59 knockout (KO) HeLa and JEG-3 cell lines. Cell viability assays with TGY on wild-type and hCD59 KO cells showed that TGY is a hCD59-dependent CDC. Two variants of TGY exist among S. oralis subsp. tigurinus genomes, only one of which is functional. We discovered that a single amino acid change between these two TGY variants determines its activity. Flow cytometry and oligomerization Western blots revealed that the single amino acid difference between the two TGY isoforms disrupts host cell binding and oligomerization. Furthermore, experiments with hCD59 KO cells and cholesterol-depleted cells demonstrated that TGY is fully dependent on both hCD59 and cholesterol for activity, unlike other known hCD59-dependent CDCs. Using full-length CDCs and toxin constructs differing only in the binding domain, we determined that having hCD59 dependence leads to increased lysis efficiency, conferring a potential advantage to organisms producing hCD59-dependent CDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifrah Shahi
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sophia A. Dongas
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juliana K. Ilmain
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victor J. Torres
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam J. Ratner
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Shahi I, Dongas SA, Ilmain JK, Torres VJ, Ratner AJ. Characterization of Tigurilysin, a Novel Human CD59-Specific Cholesterol-Dependent Cytolysin, Reveals a Role for Host Specificity in Augmenting Toxin Activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.21.545930. [PMID: 37546867 PMCID: PMC10401958 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.21.545930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are a large family of pore forming toxins, produced by numerous gram-positive pathogens. CDCs depend on host membrane cholesterol for pore formation; some CDCs also require surface associated human CD59 (hCD59) for binding, conferring specificity for human cells. We purified a recombinant version of a putative CDC encoded in the genome of Streptococcus oralis subsp. tigurinus , tigurilysin (TGY), and used CRISPR/Cas9 to construct hCD59 knockout (KO) HeLa and JEG-3 cell lines. Cell viability assays with TGY on WT and hCD59 KO cells showed that TGY is a hCD59-dependent CDC. Two variants of TGY exist among S. oralis subsp. tigurinus genomes, only one of which is functional. We discovered that a single amino acid change between these two TGY variants determines its activity. Flow cytometry and oligomerization western blots revealed that the single amino acid difference between the two TGY isoforms disrupts host cell binding and oligomerization. Furthermore, experiments with hCD59 KO cells and cholesterol depleted cells demonstrated that TGY is fully dependent on both hCD59 and cholesterol for activity, unlike other known hCD59-dependent CDCs. Using full-length CDCs and toxin constructs differing only in the binding domain, we determined that having hCD59-dependence leads to increased lysis efficiency, conferring a potential advantage to organisms producing hCD59-dependent CDCs. IMPORTANCE Cholesterol dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are produced by a variety of disease-causing bacteria, and may play a significant role in pathogenesis. Understanding CDC mechanisms of action provides useful information for developing anti-virulence strategies against bacteria that utilize CDCs and other pore-forming toxins in pathogenesis. This study describes for the first time a novel human-specific CDC with an atypical pore forming mechanism compared to known CDCs. In addition, this study demonstrates that human-specificity potentially confers increased lytic efficiency to CDCs. These data provide a possible explanation for the selective advantage of developing hCD59-dependency in CDCs and the consequent host restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifrah Shahi
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, New York, NY
| | - Sophia A. Dongas
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, New York, NY
| | - Juliana K. Ilmain
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, New York, NY
| | - Victor J. Torres
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, New York, NY
| | - Adam J. Ratner
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, New York, NY
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, New York, NY
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4
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Ercibengoa M, Goenaga MA, Ardanuy C, Grau I, García-de-la-Maria C, Almela M, Miro JM, Navas E, Fariñas MC, de Alegría CR, de la Torre J, Fernández F, Marín M, Muñoz P, Orden B, Oteo JA, García-Álvarez L, de Alarcón A, Jiménez JAL, Marimón JM. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Streptococcus tigurinus endocarditis. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:291. [PMID: 30922322 PMCID: PMC6440093 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3914-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus tigurinus was recently described as a new streptococcal species within the viridans group streptococci (VGS). The objectives of the present work were to analyse the clinical and microbiological characteristics of S. tigurinus isolated from patients with bacteraemias, to determine the prevalence of S. tigurinus among VGS endocarditis in Spain, and to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of endocarditis caused by S. tigurinus and other VGS. Methods Retrospective nationwide study, performed between 2008 and 2016 in 9 Spanish hospitals from 7 different provinces comprising 237 cases of infective endocarditis. Streptococcal isolates were identified by sequencing fragments of their 16S rRNA, sodA and groEL genes. Clinical data of patients with streptococcal endocarditis were prospectively collected according to a pre-established protocol. Results Patients with endocarditis represented 7/9 (77.8%) and 26/86 (30.2%) of the bacteraemias caused by S. tigurinus and other VGS, respectively (p < 0.001), in two of the hospital participants. Among patients with streptococcal endocarditis, 12 different Streptococcus species were recognized being S. oralis, S. tigurinus and S. mitis the three more common. No relevant statistical differences were observed in the clinical characteristics and outcomes of endocarditis caused by the different VGS species. Conclusions In this multicenter study performed in Spain, S. tigurinus showed a higher predilection for the endocardial endothelium as compared to other VGS. However, clinical characteristics and outcomes of endocarditis caused by S. tigurinus did not significantly differ from endocarditis caused by other oral streptococci.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carmen Ardanuy
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Immaculada Grau
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. Institut d' Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina García-de-la-Maria
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d' Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Almela
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d' Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose María Miro
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d' Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Navas
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Carmen Fariñas
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Carlos Ruiz de Alegría
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier de la Torre
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas de la Unidad de Medicina Interna, Hospital Costa del Sol, Marbella, Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Costa del Sol, Marbella, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mercedes Marín
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Servicio de Microbiología y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio, Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Servicio de Microbiología y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio, Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Orden
- Departamento de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Oteo
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Lara García-Álvarez
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Arístides de Alarcón
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine. Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University of Seville/CSIC/University Virgen del Rocío and Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Antonio Lepe Jiménez
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine. Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University of Seville/CSIC/University Virgen del Rocío and Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose María Marimón
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES, Madrid, Spain. .,Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Donostia-IIS Biodonostia, Paseo Dr Beguiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastián, Spain.
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5
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Liu CJ, Zhang YL, Shang Y, Wu B, Yang E, Luo YY, Li XR. Intestinal bacteria detected in cancer and adjacent tissue from patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:1115-1127. [PMID: 30655873 PMCID: PMC6313076 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal bacteria are symbiotic microbiota within the human gut and are implicated in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The current study investigated the changes in bacterial composition prior to and following surgery, as well as the differences in the bacterial community structure between cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue. The diversity of the bacterial community and the composition of the bacteria were assessed. In addition, phylogenetic analysis and principle component analysis (PCA) were performed. The results revealed that cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue exhibited similar bacterial compositions. However, a significant difference was identified in the composition of intestinal bacteria in stool samples collected from patients following surgery compared with stool samples collected prior to surgery. Each patient had their own unique intestinal bacterial community, likely due to a number of factors, including diet, genetic factors and health status. In addition, phylogenetic trees revealed that the most abundant operational taxonomic unit, 0001, was associated with Escherichia coli in all samples. Finally, PCA suggested that the bacterial community structure in all patient stools was similar following surgery. The current study provides information regarding the diversity of the intestinal bacterial community of patients with CRC and provides a basis for postoperative intestinal assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jian Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Lian Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yun Shang
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Bian Wu
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - En Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Yong Luo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ran Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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Yoshizawa H, Motooka D, Matsumoto Y, Katada R, Nakamura S, Morii E, Iida T, Matsumoto H. A case of severe soft tissue infection due to Streptococcus tigurinus diagnosed by necropsy in which genomic analysis was useful for clarifying its pathogenicity. Pathol Int 2018; 68:301-306. [PMID: 29570912 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Post-mortem detection of pathogenetic microorganisms in severe infectious death is significantly important for diagnosing the cause of death as well as for public health. However, it is difficult to recognize whether a microorganism detected from post-mortem materials is truly pathogenic or not. We report a case of severe soft tissue infection due to Streptococcus oralis subsp. tigurinus (S. tigurinus), a recently reported species, in which whole-genome analysis was performed to clarify its pathogenicity. A 46-year-old woman had died with symptoms of a severe infectious disease. A post-mortem examination was performed by a medical examiner. The external findings suggested a soft tissue infection; subsequently, pathological specimens sampled by necropsy revealed findings compatible with necrotizing fasciitis. In the post-mortem bacterial test, S. tigurinus was detected from the localized autopsy sample. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to analyze its pathogenicity and detected a strain of S. tigurinus with genetic determinants that were specific and unique to its highly virulent strains as a result of gene annotation. Utilizing various technologies, such as whole-genome sequencing, may be a powerful tool for diagnosing the cause of infectious death accurately and safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Yoshizawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.,Project for Death Control and Prevention, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.,Osaka Prefectural Medical Examiner's office, 1-6 Banbacho, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Osaka 540-0007, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yuki Matsumoto
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Ryuichi Katada
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.,Osaka Prefectural Medical Examiner's office, 1-6 Banbacho, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Osaka 540-0007, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Iida
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsumoto
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.,Project for Death Control and Prevention, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.,Osaka Prefectural Medical Examiner's office, 1-6 Banbacho, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Osaka 540-0007, Japan
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7
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Whole-Genome Sequence of Streptococcus tigurinus Strain osk_001, Isolated from Postmortem Material. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/35/e00878-17. [PMID: 28860244 PMCID: PMC5578842 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00878-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus tigurinus was recently described as a novel species, and some strains are highly virulent. We detected S. tigurinus in infected tissue sampled by necropsy. In order to characterize and confirm the virulence of this species, whole-genome sequencing of the pure cultured bacterium was performed. We found that the strain has specific and unique genetic elements contained in highly virulent strains of S. tigurinus.
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8
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Conrads G, Barth S, Möckel M, Lenz L, van der Linden M, Henne K. Streptococcus tigurinus is frequent among gtfR-negative Streptococcus oralis isolates and in the human oral cavity, but highly virulent strains are uncommon. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1307079. [PMID: 28473881 PMCID: PMC5405715 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1307079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus tigurinus is a new member of the Mitis group and is associated with infective endocarditis. Low and high virulent variants have been described. A search was made in the national reference collection of endocarditis isolates for S. tigurinus–like strains by sequencing housekeeping genes (16S rRNA-gene, gdh, groEL, sodA). The strains were further profiled by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting a choice of virulence genes (rib-like, cshA-like, gtfR, int, pitA, hylA). To study the prevalence and abundance of S. tigurinus in the saliva and on the mucosal membranes of 35 healthy adults, PCRs detecting two variants of the 16S operon and virulence genes were applied. Among the endocarditis isolates, eight strains (all gtfR-negative and former S. oralis) holding the specific S. tigurinus 16S motif were found, but the pattern of genes related to high virulence found in the S. tigurinus type strain could not be detected in any of these strains. A close phylogenetic proximity between S. tigurinus and S. oralis was observed, with intersectional hybrid strains formed. This was supported by concatenated housekeeping sequences, in silico DNA–DNA hybridization, pathogenomic profiling, and multidimensional scaling. In the oral samples, S. tigurinus could be detected frequently, especially in the most common operon variant, but none of the type strain–related virulence factors were found. Low virulent S. tigurinus–like strains can be found frequently and in high prevalence (66%) and abundance (12.5%) in the oral cavity of healthy adults. In strain collections, they are among the formerly known gtfR-negative S. oralis. Highly virulent strains seem to be uncommon. Though closely related, S. oralis and S. tigurinus can be separated by the presence or absence of gtfR and dextran production. Hybrids of both species can be found. The variable arsenal of virulence genes found in this study emphasizes the genetic plasticity of Mitis group streptococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Conrads
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Svenja Barth
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maureen Möckel
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lucas Lenz
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark van der Linden
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and National Reference Center for Streptococci, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karsten Henne
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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9
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Munson E, Carroll KC. What's in a Name? New Bacterial Species and Changes to Taxonomic Status from 2012 through 2015. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:24-42. [PMID: 27795334 PMCID: PMC5228236 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01379-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Technological advancements in fields such as molecular genetics and the human microbiome have resulted in an unprecedented recognition of new bacterial genus/species designations by the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology Knowledge of designations involving clinically significant bacterial species would benefit clinical microbiologists in the context of emerging pathogens, performance of accurate organism identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. In anticipation of subsequent taxonomic changes being compiled by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology on a biannual basis, this compendium summarizes novel species and taxonomic revisions specific to bacteria derived from human clinical specimens from the calendar years 2012 through 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Munson
- College of Health Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Karen C Carroll
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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10
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Diene SM, François P, Zbinden A, Entenza JM, Resch G. Comparative Genomics Analysis of Streptococcus tigurinus Strains Identifies Genetic Elements Specifically and Uniquely Present in Highly Virulent Strains. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160554. [PMID: 27505001 PMCID: PMC4978470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus tigurinus is responsible for severe invasive infections such as infective endocarditis, spondylodiscitis and meningitis. As described, S. tigurinus isolates AZ_3aT and AZ_14 were highly virulent (HV phenotype) in an experimental model of infective endocarditis and showed enhanced adherence and invasion of human endothelial cells when compared to low virulent S. tigurinus isolate AZ_8 (LV phenotype). Here, we sought whether genetic determinants could explain the higher virulence of AZ_3aT and AZ_14 isolates. Several genetic determinants specific to the HV strains were identified through extensive comparative genomics amongst which some were thought to be highly relevant for the observed HV phenotype. These included i) an iron uptake and metabolism operon, ii) an ascorbate assimilation operon, iii) a newly acquired PI-2-like pilus islets described for the first time in S. tigurinus, iv) a hyaluronate metabolism operon, v) an Entner-Doudoroff pathway of carbohydrates metabolism, and vi) an alternate pathways for indole biosynthesis. We believe that the identified genomic features could largely explain the phenotype of high infectivity of the two HV S. tigurinus strains. Indeed, these features include determinants that could be involved at different stages of the disease such as survival of S. tigurinus in blood (iron uptake and ascorbate metabolism operons), initial attachment of bacterial pathogen to the damaged cardiac tissue and/or vegetation that formed on site (PI-2-like pilus islets), tissue invasion (hyaluronate operon and Entner-Doudoroff pathway) and regulation of pathogenicity (indole biosynthesis pathway).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seydina M. Diene
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrice François
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Zbinden
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - José Manuel Entenza
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Resch
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Hirai J, Sakanashi D, Hagihara M, Haranaga S, Uechi K, Kato H, Hamada H, Nishiyama N, Koizumi Y, Suematsu H, Yamagishi Y, Fujita J, Mikamo H. Bacteremia due to Streptococcus tigurinus: A case report and literature review. J Infect Chemother 2016; 22:762-766. [PMID: 27460295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Gene sequence analysis methods, including 16S rRNA identification, allows accurate identification of Streptococcus species, which include phenotypically closely related species that are difficult to differentiate using conventional chemical methods. We report a case of bacteremia due to Streptococcus tigurinus, identified by 16S rRNA, in a 72-year-old woman with gastrointestinal cancer and ascites. She was hospitalized to undergo elective tumor-related surgery. Five days prior to undergoing surgery, she developed a fever with no obvious source of infection. Blood cultures identified gram-positive cocci. The patient's bacteremia was initially thought to be caused by an Enterococcus species, given her underlying gastrointestinal disease. However, alpha-hemolytic, mucoid, circular colonies were observed on sheep blood agar the following day. Although matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and biochemical testing suggested Streptococcus pneumoniae, we conducted further investigation to identify the bacterium, as the patient had no symptoms of infections usually related with S. pneumoniae such as pneumonia, meningitis, or sinusitis, and the bacteremia occurred 30 days after hospitalization. Finally, the gram-positive cocci were identified as S. tigurinus, assigned to the Streptococcus mitis group in 2012. Although the origin of infection was unclear, it was suspected that peritonitis or bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract caused the bacteremia. This novel species was recently reported as being extremely pathogenic and different from other Streptococcus species. It has been reported to occur in cases of infectious endocarditis and bacteremia. In this article, we reviewed previous reports of S. tigurinus infection and summarized the clinical and pathogenetic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hirai
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakanashi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Mao Hagihara
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Shusaku Haranaga
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| | - Kohei Uechi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| | - Hideo Kato
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hamada
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Naoya Nishiyama
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| | - Yusuke Koizumi
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suematsu
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamagishi
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Jiro Fujita
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Mikamo
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan.
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