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JohnBritto JS, Di Ciaula A, Noto A, Cassano V, Sciacqua A, Khalil M, Portincasa P, Bonfrate L. Gender-specific insights into the irritable bowel syndrome pathophysiology. Focus on gut dysbiosis and permeability. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 125:10-18. [PMID: 38467533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder involving the brain-gut interaction. IBS is characterized by persistent abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. IBS exerts significant impacts on quality of life and imposes huge economic costs. Global epidemiological data reveal variations in IBS prevalence, both globally and between genders, necessitating comprehensive studies to uncover potential societal and cultural influences. While the exact pathophysiology of IBS remains incompletely understood, the mechanism involves a dysregulation of the brain-gut axis, leading to disturbed intestinal motility, local inflammation, altered intestinal permeability, visceral sensitivity, and gut microbiota composition. We reviewed several gender-related pathophysiological aspects of IBS pathophysiology, by focusing on gut dysbiosis and intestinal permeability. This perspective paves the way to personalized and multidimensional clinical management of individuals with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerlin Stephy JohnBritto
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonino Noto
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Velia Cassano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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2
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Wilson NG, Hernandez-Leyva A, Rosen AL, Jaeger N, McDonough RT, Santiago-Borges J, Lint MA, Rosen TR, Tomera CP, Bacharier LB, Swamidass SJ, Kau AL. The gut microbiota of people with asthma influences lung inflammation in gnotobiotic mice. iScience 2023; 26:105991. [PMID: 36824270 PMCID: PMC9941210 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota in early childhood is linked to asthma risk, but may continue to affect older patients with asthma. Here, we profile the gut microbiota of 38 children (19 asthma, median age 8) and 57 adults (17 asthma, median age 28) by 16S rRNA sequencing and find individuals with asthma harbored compositional differences from healthy controls in both adults and children. We develop a model to aid the design of mechanistic experiments in gnotobiotic mice and show enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is more prevalent in the gut microbiota of patients with asthma compared to healthy controls. In mice, ETBF, modulated by community context, can increase oxidative stress in the lungs during allergic airway inflammation (AAI). Our results provide evidence that ETBF affects the phenotype of airway inflammation in a subset of patients with asthma which suggests that therapies targeting the gut microbiota may be helpful tools for asthma control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi G. Wilson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ariel Hernandez-Leyva
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anne L. Rosen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Natalia Jaeger
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ryan T. McDonough
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jesus Santiago-Borges
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael A. Lint
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Thomas R. Rosen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christopher P. Tomera
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Leonard B. Bacharier
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - S. Joshua Swamidass
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrew L. Kau
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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3
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Wang S, Huang G, Wang JX, Tian L, Zuo XL, Li YQ, Yu YB. Altered Gut Microbiota in Patients With Peutz–Jeghers Syndrome. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:881508. [PMID: 35910641 PMCID: PMC9326469 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.881508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the development of pigmented spots and gastrointestinal polyps and increased susceptibility to cancers. It remains unknown whether gut microbiota dysbiosis is linked to PJS. Aim This study aimed to assess the structure and composition of the gut microbiota, including both bacteria and fungi, in patients with PJS and investigate the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and PJS pathogenesis. Methods The bacterial and fungal composition of the fecal microbiota was analyzed in 23 patients with PJS (cases), 17 first-degree asymptomatic relatives (ARs), and 24 healthy controls (HCs) using 16S (MiSeq) and ITS2 (pyrosequencing) sequencing for bacteria and fungi, respectively. Differential analyses of the intestinal flora were performed from the phylum to species level. Results Alpha-diversity distributions of bacteria and fungi indicated that the abundance of both taxa differed between PJS cases and controls. However, while the diversity and composition of fecal bacteria in PJS cases were significantly different from those in ARs and HCs, fungal flora was more stable. High-throughput sequencing confirmed the special characteristics and biodiversity of the fecal bacterial and fungal microflora in patients with PJS. They had lower bacterial biodiversity than controls, with a higher frequency of the Proteobacteria phylum, Enterobacteriaceae family, and Escherichia-Shigella genus, and a lower frequency of the Firmicutes phylum and the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families. Of fungi, Candida was significantly higher in PJS cases than in controls. Conclusion The findings reported here confirm gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with PJS. This is the first report on the bacterial and fungal microbiota profile of subjects with PJS, which may be meaningful to provide a structural basis for further research on intestinal microecology in PJS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jue-Xin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiu-Li Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan-Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan-Bo Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Bo Yu
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Wang L, Song C, Wang Y, Hu L, Liu X, Zhang J, Ji X, Man S, Zhang N, Li G, Yang Y, Peng L, Wei Z, Huang F. Symptoms Compatible with Rome IV Functional Bowel Disorder in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis. Mod Rheumatol 2022:6612220. [PMID: 35727178 DOI: 10.1093/mr/roac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the frequency of symptoms meeting Rome IV functional bowel disorder (FBD) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), investigate factors associated with FBD symptoms, and assess whether having FBD symptoms might influence AS disease activity. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 153 AS patients without known colonic ulcer and 56 sex- and age-matched controls to evaluate FBD (or its subtypes) symptoms. Disease characteristics were also evaluated in AS group. RESULTS Sixty (39.2%) of 153 AS patients had FBD symptoms, which was more prevalent than controls (23.2%). Besides, symptoms compatible with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic diarrhea were detected in 18 and 43 AS patients respectively. For AS group, multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that symptoms of FBD, IBS, and chronic diarrhea were negatively associated with using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), and positively associated with comorbid fibromyalgia, respectively. In exploration about effects of FBD (or its subtypes) symptoms on AS disease activity by multivariable linear regression analyses, FBD symptoms and chronic diarrhea had universal positive associations with assessments of AS disease characteristics respectively. CONCLUSION Patients with AS had frequent symptoms compatible with FBD, IBS, and chronic diarrhea, proportions of which were lower in those with NSAID-use. The improvement of FBD symptoms and chronic diarrhea might be conducive to disease status of AS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lidong Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingkang Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojian Ji
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Siliang Man
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nana Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the Joint Staff Department, Beijing, China
| | - Yunsheng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Wei
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the Joint Staff Department, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Effect of Exclusion Diets on Symptom Severity and the Gut Microbiota in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:e465-e483. [PMID: 34022450 PMCID: PMC9054035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Altered fecal microbiota have been reported in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), although studies vary, which could be owing to dietary effects. Many IBS patients may eliminate certain foods because of their symptoms, which in turn may alter fecal microbiota diversity and composition. This study aimed to determine if dietary patterns were associated with IBS, symptoms, and fecal microbiota differences reported in IBS. METHODS A total of 346 IBS participants and 170 healthy controls (HCs) completed a Diet Checklist reflecting the diet(s) consumed most frequently. An exclusion diet was defined as a diet that eliminated food components by choice. Within this group, a gluten-free, dairy-free, or low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols diet was further defined as restrictive because they often are implicated in reducing symptoms. Stool samples were obtained from 171 IBS patients and 98 HCs for 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and microbial composition analysis. RESULTS Having IBS symptoms was associated with consuming a restrictive diet (27.17% of IBS patients vs 7.65% of HCs; odds ratio, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.66-6.75; P value = .006). IBS participants on an exclusion or restrictive diet reported more severe IBS symptoms (P = .042 and .029, respectively). The composition of the microbiota in IBS patients varied depending on the diet consumed. IBS participants on an exclusion diet had a greater abundance of Lachnospira and a lower abundance of Eubacterium (q value, <.05), and those on a restrictive diet had a lower abundance of Lactobacillus (q value, <.05). CONCLUSIONS Restrictive diets likely are consumed more by IBS patients than HCs to reduce GI symptom severity. Dietary patterns influence the composition of the fecal microbiota and may explain some of the differences between IBS and HCs.
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6
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Amiri R, Norouzbabaei Z, Kalali N, Ghourchian S, Yaseri M, Abdollahi A, Douraghi M. Identification of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis in patients with diarrhea: A study targeting 16S rRNA, gyrB and nanH genes. Anaerobe 2022; 75:102546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Kim MY, Choi SW. Dietary modulation of gut microbiota for the relief of irritable bowel syndrome. Nutr Res Pract 2021; 15:411-430. [PMID: 34349876 PMCID: PMC8313387 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.4.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a frequently diagnosed gastrointestinal (GI) disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in the stool form or frequency without any structural changes and overt inflammation. It is not a life-threatening condition but causes a considerable level of discomfort and distress. Among the many pathophysiologic factors, such as altered GI motility, visceral hypersensitivity, and low-grade mucosal inflammation, as well as other immunologic, psychologic, and genetic factors, gut microbiota imbalance (dysbiosis), which is frequently found in IBS, has been highlighted as an etiology of IBS. Dysbiosis may affect gut mucosal homeostasis, immune function, metabolic regulation, and even visceral motor function. As diet is shown to play a fundamental role in the gut microbiota profile, this review discusses the influence of diet on IBS occurring through the modulation of gut microbiota. Based on previous studies, it appears that dietary modulation of the gut microbiota may be effective for the alleviation of IBS symptoms and, also an effective IBS management strategy based on the underlying mechanism; especially because, IBS currently has no specific treatment owing to its uncertain etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Young Kim
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University, Seoul 06062, Korea
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13497, Korea
| | - Sang-Woon Choi
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University, Seoul 06062, Korea
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Jasemi S, Emaneini M, Fazeli MS, Ahmadinejad Z, Nomanpour B, Sadeghpour Heravi F, Sechi LA, Feizabadi MM. Toxigenic and non-toxigenic patterns I, II and III and biofilm-forming ability in Bacteroides fragilis strains isolated from patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Gut Pathog 2020; 12:28. [PMID: 32518594 PMCID: PMC7273666 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-020-00366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) associated with the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been alarmingly reported all over the world. In this study, simultaneous investigation of toxigenic and non-toxigenic patterns I, II and III and biofilm formation ability of Bacteroides fragilis isolated from patients with colorectal cancer was performed. Methods Thirty-one patients diagnosed with CRC and thirty-one control subjects were recruited in this study. Specimens were cultured on BBE and BBA culture media. Classical phenotypic identification tests and PCR was performed to verify Bacteroides fragilis presence. Also, biofilm-forming ability and expression of bft gene were assessed under biofilm and planktonic forms. Results A total of 68 B.fragilis was isolated from all colorectal tissue, of which 13 isolates (19.1%) (11 isolates from CRC and 2 from normal tissue) were positive for bft gene. The abundance patterns of I, II and III were as follow in descending order; pattern I > pattern III > pattern II in CRC subjects and pattern II > pattern III > pattern I in normal tissues. Also, pattern I showed higher biofilm formation ability compared to other patterns. Toxin expression was significantly reduced in biofilm form comparing with planktonic form. Conclusions Based on our findings, there was a difference between the abundance of patterns I, II, and III and biofilm formation in isolates obtained from CRC and normal tissues. Biofilm formation ability and toxin encoding gene (bft) are two main virulence factors in B. fragilis pathogenicity which require more investigation to treat B. fragilis infections effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedesomaye Jasemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Emaneini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Fazeli
- Department of Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadinejad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bizhan Nomanpour
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemah Sadeghpour Heravi
- Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leonardo A Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Zamani S, Taslimi R, Sarabi A, Jasemi S, Sechi LA, Feizabadi MM. Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis: A Possible Etiological Candidate for Bacterially-Induced Colorectal Precancerous and Cancerous Lesions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 9:449. [PMID: 32010637 PMCID: PMC6978650 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) produces Bacteroides fragilis toxin (BFT), which is associated with acute diarrheal, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer (CRC). In experimental models, ETBF has been shown to contribute to colon carcinogenesis. The present study was conducted to investigate mucosal colonization of ETBF in the colon to find a possible association between the presence of ETBF and precancerous and cancerous lesions. The mucosal biopsies of involved sites were obtained from 68 patients with precancerous and cancerous lesions and 52 healthy controls (HC). The samples were cultured on Bacteroides Bile Esculin agar. Then, specific primers were designed to detect B. fragilis and bft gene using quantitative real-time PCR, and the possible links of ETBF with clinicopathological characteristics was evaluated. Also real-time PCR was performed to detect the bft gene subtypes. Bacteroides fragilis was detected in 51% of the patients and 48% of HCs cultures. The 16SrRNA gene was found to be present in 63 and 81% of the patients and HCs' samples, respectively. Moreover, the bft gene was detected in 47 and 3.8% of the patients and HCs, respectively. Also, B. fragilis was significantly more abundant in the patients' samples compared to those of HCs. In the patient group, higher odds ratio (OR) of ETBF was significantly associated with serrated lesions and adenoma with low-grade dysplasia. The bft1 gene was the most prevalent subtype of bft gene, followed by the bft2 gene. This was the first study in Iran to demonstrate increased positivity of ETBF in patients with precancerous and cancerous lesions. In this study, the bft gene was found to be associated with CRC, especially in the patients with precancerous lesions and initial carcinogenic lesions. Moreover, the results suggest that mucosal BFT exposure is common and could be a risk factor and a screening marker for developing CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samin Zamani
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Reza Taslimi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Sarabi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedesomaye Jasemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leonardo A. Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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10
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Distinct Microbial Populations Exist in the Mucosa-associated Microbiota of Diarrhea Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Ulcerative Colitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2019; 53:660-672. [PMID: 29210899 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000000961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
GOALS The goal of this study was to observe the bacterial colonization in the intestinal mucosa in the patients with diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and compare the mucosa-associated microbiota among the IBS-D patients, UC patients and the healthy control, and explore the correlation of the mucosa-associated microbiota with clinical manifestations. STUDY A total of 20 IBS-D patients, 28 patients with UC (16 active, 12 inactive) and 16 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. They all underwent colonoscopies in the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from June 2016 to October 2016. The mucosa specimens were taken at the junction of rectum and sigmoid colon for fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Then the observed mucosa-associated microbiota was counted and compared. RESULTS (1) In the IBS-D patients, the mucosa-associated bacteria were found to colonize in the surface of mucosa and the adjacent mucin layer. And in active UC, Escherichia coli, and Bacteroides were found in the lamina propria, in addition to bacterial colonization in the above-mentioned areas. (2) The total count of mucosa-associated bacteria and the individual counts of E. coli, Clostridium, and Bacteroides were significantly increased, and Bifidobacteria significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the IBS-D patients and UC patients. Counts of Lactobacillus were decreased only in UC patients compared with the healthy control. And a significantly larger variation of the above-mentioned bacterial counts was found in the patients with UC, particularly in those with active UC, compared with those with IBS-D (P<0.05); the counts in the UC group were 1.3 to 5.3 times more or less than those in the IBS-D group. (3) Compared with healthy controls and IBS-D, the total count of bacteria and the individual counts of E. coli and Bacteroides in the lamina propria in active UC were significantly increased (P<0.05). (4) A significant negative correlation of the counts of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria with the defecation frequency and fecal characteristics (P<0.05) was found in the IBS-D patients; in those with UC, both the total count of bacteria and the individual counts of E. coli, Clostridium, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacteria were significantly correlated, positively or negatively, with the related clinical manifestations and the activity of the disease (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Compared with the healthy control, intestinal microecology was changed most obviously in UC with much smaller differences though in the same direction in IBS-D. The translocation of some bacteria into the lamina propria was found in UC, particularly in active UC. The changes of mucosa-associated microbiota were related more or less to some clinical manifestations in IBS-D and UC.
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Pittayanon R, Lau JT, Yuan Y, Leontiadis GI, Tse F, Surette M, Moayyedi P. Gut Microbiota in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome-A Systematic Review. Gastroenterology 2019; 157:97-108. [PMID: 30940523 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common but difficult to treat. Altering the gut microbiota has been proposed as a strategy for treatment of IBS, but the association between the gut microbiome and IBS symptoms has not been well established. We performed a systematic review to explore evidence for this association. METHODS We searched databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CDSR, and CENTRAL, through April 2, 2018 for case-control studies comparing the fecal or colon microbiomes of adult or pediatric patients with IBS with microbiomes of healthy individuals (controls). The primary outcome was differences in specific gut microbes between patients with IBS and controls. RESULTS The search identified 2631 citations; 24 studies from 22 articles were included. Most studies evaluated adults presenting with various IBS subtypes. Family Enterobacteriaceae (phylum Proteobacteria), family Lactobacillaceae, and genus Bacteroides were increased in patients with IBS compared with controls, whereas uncultured Clostridiales I, genus Faecalibacterium (including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii), and genus Bifidobacterium were decreased in patients with IBS. The diversity of the microbiota was either decreased or not different in IBS patients compared with controls. More than 40% of included studies did not state whether cases and controls were comparable (did not describe sex and/or age characteristics). CONCLUSIONS In a systematic review, we identified specific bacteria associated with microbiomes of patients with IBS vs controls. Studies are needed to determine whether these microbes are a product or cause of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapat Pittayanon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jennifer T Lau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuhong Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grigorios I Leontiadis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frances Tse
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Surette
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Moayyedi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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12
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Chowdhury G, Stine OC, Rajendran K, Mukhopadhyay AK, Okamoto K, Ramamurthy T. Detection of Uncommon Enteric Bacterial Pathogens from Acute Diarrheal Specimens Using SYBR-Green Real Time PCR. Jpn J Infect Dis 2018; 72:88-93. [PMID: 30381678 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2018.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute diarrheal disease is a major health problem, and the second most common cause of death in children under 5 years of age. Conventional diagnostic methods are laborious, time consuming, and occasionally inaccurate. We used SYBR-Green real-time PCR for the detection of 10 uncommon bacterial pathogens using fecal specimens from acute diarrheal patients. In the SYBR-Green real-time PCR assay, the products formed were identified based on a melting point temperature curve analysis, and the assay was validated with the respective reference strain. In a retrospective study, we tested 1,184 stool specimens previously examined using conventional culture methods. Enterotoxigenic Bacteriodes fragilis was detected in 6.7% of the samples followed by enterotoxigenic Bacillus cereus (5.1%), Clostridium perfringens (3.9%), and Aeromonas hydrophila (3.8%). In the prospective study, A. hydrophila, Staphylococcus aureus, and C. perfringens were predominantly detected in 11 > 5 years of age, using real-time PCR. The real-time PCR assay is comprehensive, rapid, accurate, and well suited for surveillance or diagnostic purposes to detect uncommon bacterial pathogens, and should be useful in initiating appropriate care and thereby reducing patient risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Chowdhury
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases
| | - Oscar C Stine
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland
| | - Krishnan Rajendran
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases
| | | | - Keinosuke Okamoto
- Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases
| | - Thandavarayan Ramamurthy
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases.,Translational Health Science and Technology Institute
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13
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Effect of feeding Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 on the faecal microbiota of broiler chickens exposed to lincomycin. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:105-113. [PMID: 36659481 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Poultry and eggs are nutritious and healthy foods that contain high-quality proteins and low levels of fat compared with other meats. Recent studies have shown that poultry performance is closely associated with colonic health. Antibiotics are commonly used in the poultry industry to control diseases and enhance survival rates. However, antibiotic use can also result in host gut dysbiosis and immune dysregulation. Such imbalances compromise poultry health and growth performance. Thus, our study investigated the effect of Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum P-8 on the gut microbiome of chickens co-inoculated with the antibiotic lincomycin. Principal coordinate analysis showed that L. plantarum P-8 treatment shifted the faecal bacterial population structure. At the metagenomic level, the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) functional categories of P, C, N and A were overrepresented in the probiotic group. Additionally, the relative gene abundances of metabolic pathways involved in flagellar assembly, bacterial chemotaxis, nitrogen metabolism, sulfur metabolism, cofactor and vitamin biosynthesis were also higher in the probiotic group than the control; in contrast genes related to galactose degradation, carbon fixation, multiple sugar transport systems and ribosomes were underrepresented in the probiotic group. Our data suggest that feeding L. plantarum P-8 has the potential to improve metabolic activity and nutrient utilization of poultry. Furthermore, the faecal antibiotic resistomes of the two groups could be separated using principal components analysis, indicating that the probiotic treatment may modulate the intestinal antibiotic resistance gene pool by changing the population structure of the gut microbiota. This study has provided interesting insights into the application of probiotics in the poultry industry.
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14
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Taniuchi M, Platts-Mills JA, Begum S, Uddin MJ, Sobuz SU, Liu J, Kirkpatrick BD, Colgate ER, Carmolli MP, Dickson DM, Nayak U, Haque R, Petri WA, Houpt ER. Impact of enterovirus and other enteric pathogens on oral polio and rotavirus vaccine performance in Bangladeshi infants. Vaccine 2016; 34:3068-3075. [PMID: 27154394 PMCID: PMC4912219 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral polio vaccine (OPV) and rotavirus vaccine (RV) exhibit poorer performance in low-income settings compared to high-income settings. Prior studies have suggested an inhibitory effect of concurrent non-polio enterovirus (NPEV) infection, but the impact of other enteric infections has not been comprehensively evaluated. METHODS In urban Bangladesh, we tested stools for a broad range of enteric viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi by quantitative PCR from infants at weeks 6 and 10 of life, coincident with the first OPV and RV administration respectively, and examined the association between enteropathogen quantity and subsequent OPV serum neutralizing titers, serum rotavirus IgA, and rotavirus diarrhea. RESULTS Campylobacter and enterovirus (EV) quantity at the time of administration of the first dose of OPV was associated with lower OPV1-2 serum neutralizing titers, while enterovirus quantity was also associated with diminished rotavirus IgA (-0.08 change in log titer per tenfold increase in quantity; P=0.037), failure to seroconvert (OR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.64-0.96; P=0.022), and breakthrough rotavirus diarrhea (OR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.05-1.71; P=0.020) after adjusting for potential confounders. These associations were not observed for Sabin strain poliovirus quantity. CONCLUSION In this broad survey of enteropathogens and oral vaccine performance we find a particular association between EV carriage, particularly NPEV, and OPV immunogenicity and RV protection. Strategies to reduce EV infections may improve oral vaccine responses. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01375647.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Taniuchi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
| | - James A Platts-Mills
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, USA
| | - Sharmin Begum
- Center for Vaccine Science and Parasitology Lab, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jashim Uddin
- Center for Vaccine Science and Parasitology Lab, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Shihab U Sobuz
- Center for Vaccine Science and Parasitology Lab, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Jie Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, USA
| | - Beth D Kirkpatrick
- Vaccine Testing Center and Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - E Ross Colgate
- Vaccine Testing Center and Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Marya P Carmolli
- Vaccine Testing Center and Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Dorothy M Dickson
- Vaccine Testing Center and Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Uma Nayak
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, USA
| | - Rashidul Haque
- Center for Vaccine Science and Parasitology Lab, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - William A Petri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, USA
| | - Eric R Houpt
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, USA
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15
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Akhi MT, Jedari Seifi S, Asgharzadeh M, Ahangarzadeh Rezaee M, Abdoli Oskuei S, Pirzadeh T, Memar MY, Alizadeh N, Seifi Yarijan Sofla H. Role of Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis in Children Less Than 5 Years of Age With Diarrhea in Tabriz, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e32163. [PMID: 27635209 PMCID: PMC5013289 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.32163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diarrhea is the most frequent health problem among children in developing countries. Defining the etiology of acute diarrhea is critical to disease therapy and prevention. Some anaerobic bacteria such as Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) strains cause diarrheal disease by production of enterotoxin in children less than 5 years old. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ETBF among common bacteria and viruses causing diarrhea in children aged less than five years. Materials and Methods One hundred diarrheal stools were cultured for detection of aerobic and anaerobic pathogen bacteria by direct plating on selective media and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed according to clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines on isolates of ETBF. The enterotoxigenic gene among B. fragilis isolates was also investigated using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Detection of viral pathogens was carried out using the latex agglutination test. Results Ten B. fragilis were isolated from 100 diarrheal fecal specimens. All isolates were susceptible to metronidazole, while 10% were susceptible to clindamycin. Four (40%) ETBF were isolated. Rotaviruses (57.2%) and adenoviruses (18.6%) were the most frequently detected etiological agents. Conclusions ETBF is one of the etiological agents that may cause diarrhea in children but it is not the commonest of them. Metronidazole is still an effective antibiotic against B. fragilis. Viruses are the most important etiological agents of diarrhea in children less than 5 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taghi Akhi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Sirus Jedari Seifi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Ahangarzadeh Rezaee
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Shahram Abdoli Oskuei
- Department of Pediatrics, Tabriz Children’s Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Tahereh Pirzadeh
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Naser Alizadeh
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Hasan Seifi Yarijan Sofla
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Hasan Seifi Yarijan Sofla, Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: + 98-4133364661, E-mail:
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16
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Fathi P, Wu S. Isolation, Detection, and Characterization of Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis in Clinical Samples. Open Microbiol J 2016; 10:57-63. [PMID: 27335618 PMCID: PMC4899533 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801610010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteroides fragilis is an extensively studied anaerobic bacterium comprising the normal flora of the human gut. B. fragilis is known to be one of the most commonly isolated species from clinical samples and has been shown to cause a wide range of pathologies in humans [1, 2]. As an opportunistic pathogen B. fragilis can cause abscess formation and bacteremia [2]. Additionally in its enterotoxigenic form, B. fragilis is a known cause of diarrheal illness, is associated with inflammatory bowel disease, and has been recently characterized in patients with colon cancer [3 - 5]. As research in the field of the gut microbiome continues to expand at an ever increasing rate due to advances in the availability of next generation sequencing and analysis tools it is important to outline various molecular methods that can be employed in quickly detecting and isolating relevant strains of B. fragilis. This review outlines methods that are routinely employed in the isolation and detection of B. fragilis, with an emphasis on characterizing enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF) strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Fathi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shaoguang Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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17
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Gwon SY, Jang IH, Rhee KJ. Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis-Associated Diseases and Detection. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2015.47.4.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Yeong Gwon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University at Wonju, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - In-Ho Jang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 18950, Korea
| | - Ki-Jong Rhee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University at Wonju, Wonju 26493, Korea
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18
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Stappers MHT, Hagen F, Reimnitz P, Mouton JW, Meis JF, Gyssens IC. Bacteroides fragilis in biopsies of patients with major abscesses and diabetic foot infections: direct molecular versus culture-based detection. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 85:263-5. [PMID: 27112830 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Direct determination by pathogen-specific real-time PCR assay for Bacteroides fragilis was compared to culture in major abscess and diabetic foot infection biopsy samples. Real-time PCR resulted in an increased detection rate of 12% for B. fragilis and could improve the detection of B. fragilis in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H T Stappers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Weg door Jonkerbos 100, 6532 SZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, BE3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Ferry Hagen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Weg door Jonkerbos 100, 6532 SZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Reimnitz
- Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 475, 42117, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Johan W Mouton
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Weg door Jonkerbos 100, 6532 SZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inge C Gyssens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Weg door Jonkerbos 100, 6532 SZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, BE3500, Hasselt, Belgium.
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19
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Ignacio A, Fernandes MR, Avila-Campos MJ, Nakano V. Enterotoxigenic and non-enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis from fecal microbiota of children. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 46:1141-5. [PMID: 26691473 PMCID: PMC4704618 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246420140728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is an important part of
the human and animal intestinal microbiota and is commonly associated with diarrhea.
ETBF strains produce an enterotoxin encoded by the bft gene located
in the B. fragilis pathogenicity island (BfPAI). Non-enterotoxigenic
B. fragilis (NTBF) strains lack the BfPAI and usually show two
different genetic patterns, II and III, based on the absence or presence of a
BfPAI-flanking region, respectively. The incidence of ETBF and NTBF strains in fecal
samples isolated from children without acute diarrhea or any other intestinal
disorders was determined. All 84 fecal samples evaluated were B.
fragilis-positive by PCR, four of them harbored the bft
gene, 27 contained the NTBF pattern III DNA sequence, and 52 were
considered to be NTBF pattern II samples. One sample was positive for both ETBF and
NTBF pattern III DNA sequences. All 19 B. fragilis strains isolated
by the culture method were bft-negative, 9 belonged to pattern III
and 10 to pattern II. We present an updated overview of the ETBF and NTBF incidence
in the fecal microbiota of children from Sao Paulo City, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Ignacio
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Miriam Rodriguez Fernandes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Julio Avila-Campos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane Nakano
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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20
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García-Sánchez JE, García-Sánchez E, Martín-Del-Rey Á, García-Merino E. [Anaerobic bacteria 150 years after their discovery by Pasteur]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2013; 33:119-28. [PMID: 23648369 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In 2011 we celebrated the 150th anniversary of the discovery of anaerobic bacteria by Louis Pasteur. The interest of the biomedical community on such bacteria is still maintained, and is particularly focused on Clostridium difficile. In the past few years important advances in taxonomy have been made due to the genetic, technological and computing developments. Thus, a significant number of new species related to human infections have been characterised, and some already known have been reclassified. At pathogenic level some specimens of anaerobic microflora, that had not been isolated from human infections, have been now isolated in some clinical conditions. There was emergence (or re-emergence) of some species and clinical conditions. Certain anaerobic bacteria have been associated with established infectious syndromes. The virulence of certain strains has increased, and some hypotheses on their participation in certain diseases have been given. In terms of diagnosis, the routine use of MALDI-TOF has led to a shortening of time and a cost reduction in the identification, with an improvement directly related to the improvement of data bases. The application of real-time PCR has been another major progress, and the sequencing of 16srRNA gene and others is currently a reality for several laboratories. Anaerobes have increased their resistance to antimicrobial agents, and the emergence of resistance to carbapenems and metronidazole, and multi-resistance is a current reality. In this situation, linezolid could be an effective alternative for Bacteroides. Fidaxomicin is the only anti-anaerobic agent introduced in the recent years, specifically for the diarrhoea caused by C.difficile. Moreover, some mathematical models have also been proposed in relation with this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Elías García-Sánchez
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Salud Pública y Microbiología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, España.
| | - Enrique García-Sánchez
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Salud Pública y Microbiología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, España
| | - Ángel Martín-Del-Rey
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Ávila, Universidad de Salamanca, Ávila, España
| | - Enrique García-Merino
- Departamento de Salud, Instituto de Educación Secundaria Ramón y Cajal, Valladolid, España
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diarrhea is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in children younger than 5 years in impoverished regions of the world. Our aim was to compare the fecal microbiota of healthy children with that of children with clinical diarrhea in a population from a tropical highland in Colombia, South America. Our hypothesis was that a reduced prevalence of inherent Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species would be associated with enteric viral and bacterial pathogens. METHODS Children between 1 and 5 years of age from 2 different locations were evaluated for presence of clinical diarrhea. Nucleic acid, isolated from fecal samples, was used to determine by molecular protocols the abundance of inherent bacterial species and presence of enteric pathogens compared with clinically healthy children. The effect of host demographic factors on incidence of diarrhea was also analyzed. RESULTS : The composition of the fecal microbiota was affected by host demographic factors: age, health status, location, and sex. In partial support of our hypothesis, the relative abundance of commensal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species was inversely correlated with incidence of diarrhea regardless of location. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that changes in fecal microbiota composition of children with clinical diarrhea are associated with certain demographic factors that should be considered before designing a prophylactic intervention. Delivery of certain Lactobacillus species and Bifidobacterium species or a diet rich in bifidogenic components that promote growth of Bifidobacterium species could provide a prophylactic effect to ameliorate the effect of diarrhea in children at risk.
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22
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Ramamurthy D, Pazhani GP, Sarkar A, Nandy RK, Rajendran K, Sur D, Manna B, Ramamurthy T. Case-control study on the role of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis as a cause of diarrhea among children in Kolkata, India. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60622. [PMID: 23577134 PMCID: PMC3618056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 874 fecal specimens (446 diarrheal cases and 428 controls) from diarrheal children admitted in the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kolkata and age and sex matched asymptomatic subjects from an urban community were assessed for the prevalence of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF). Isolates of B. fragilis were tested for the presence of enterotoxin gene (bft) by PCR. The detection rate of ETBF was 7.2% (63 of 874 specimens) that prevailed equally in diarrheal cases and controls (7.2% each; 32 of 446 cases and 31 of 428 controls). Male children up to one year age group was significantly (p<0.05) associated with ETBF infection as compared to children > 2 years of age in cases and controls. In 25 ETBF isolates, the bft gene was genotyped using PCR-RFLP and only two alleles were identified with prevalence rate of 40% and 60% for bft-1 and bft-3, respectively. All the ETBF isolates were susceptible for chloramphenicol and imipenem but resistant to clindamycin (48%), moxifloxacin (44%) and metronidazole (32%). Resistance of ETBF to moxifloxacin (44%) and metronidazole is an emerging trend. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed that majority of the ETBF isolates are genetically diverse. In the dendrogram analysis, two clusters were identified, one with ETBF resistant to 5–8 antimicrobials and the other cluster with metronidazole and moxifloxacin susceptible isolates from diarrheal cases. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed report on ETBF from India indicating its clinical importance and molecular characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anirban Sarkar
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Ranjan K. Nandy
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Dipika Sur
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Bamkesh Manna
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
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Comparative evaluation of conventional and real-time PCR assays for detecting Bacteroides fragilis in clinical samples. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:1593-5. [PMID: 23447634 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00449-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A conventional PCR and a real-time PCR for detecting Bacteroides fragilis were evaluated against clinical specimens. Analytical sensitivities were 100 and 40 fg of DNA, respectively. Detection limits were 100 and 10 CFU/ml, respectively. A total of six culture-negative specimens were positive by PCR. Altering the gold standard from "positive culture" to "positive culture or both PCR assays positive" resulted in sensitivities of 91.7% and 100%, respectively, and in specificities of 100% and 98.6%, respectively.
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Odamaki T, Sugahara H, Yonezawa S, Yaeshima T, Iwatsuki K, Tanabe S, Tominaga T, Togashi H, Benno Y, Xiao JZ. Effect of the oral intake of yogurt containing Bifidobacterium longum BB536 on the cell numbers of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis in microbiota. Anaerobe 2011; 18:14-8. [PMID: 22138361 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) strains have been suggested to be associated with acute and persistent diarrheal disease, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, although further epidemiological studies are needed for clarification. Here, a pilot study was performed to examine the effect of the oral administration of yogurt supplemented with a probiotic strain on the cell numbers of fecal ETBF in a healthy population. Among 420 healthy adults, 38 subjects were found to be ETBF carriers, giving a prevalence of approximately 9%. Among them, 32 subjects were enrolled in an open, randomized, parallel-group study to ingest yogurt supplemented with a probiotic strain, Bifidobacterium longum BB536 (BB536Y group), for 8 weeks, with milk provided to the control group (milk group). The cell numbers of ETBF and the dominant species of the B. fragilis group were measured by a quantitative PCR method. Compared with the baseline values, there was a significant decrease in the cell number of ETBF at week 8 in the BB536Y group but not in the milk group. Linear mixed models analysis for longitudinal data revealed a significant difference in the changes of ETBF cell number between the two groups during the intervention phase. These results imply the potential of probiotic yogurt for eliminating ETBF in the microbiota, but its clinical significance needs to be evaluated in the future. This is the first report of a possible effect of probiotic intake on ETBF in the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka Odamaki
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa 228-8583, Japan.
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