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Meza-Radilla G, Larios-Serrato V, Hernández-Castro R, Ibarra JA, Estrada-de los Santos P. Burkholderia species in human infections in Mexico: Identification of B. cepacia, B. contaminans, B. multivorans, B. vietnamiensis,B. pseudomallei and a new Burkholderia species. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009541. [PMID: 34185783 PMCID: PMC8274841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burkholderia sensu stricto is comprised mainly of opportunistic pathogens. This group is widely distributed in the environment but is especially important in clinical settings. In Mexico, few species have been correctly identified among patients, most often B. cepacia is described. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, approximately 90 strains identified as B. cepacia with the VITEK2 system were isolated from two medical centers in Mexico City and analyzed by MLSA, BOX-PCR and genome analysis. The initial identification of B. cepacia was confirmed for many strains, but B. contaminans, B. multivorans and B. vietnamiensis were also identified among clinical strains for the first time in hospitals in Mexico. Additionally, the presence of B. pseudomallei was confirmed, and a novel species within the B. cepacia complex was documented. Several strains misidentified as B. cepacia actually belong to the genera Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas and Providencia. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The presence of different Burkholderia species in Mexico was confirmed. Correct identification of Burkholderia species is important to provide accurate treatment for immunosuppressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Meza-Radilla
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Ciudad de México, México
| | - Violeta Larios-Serrato
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - J. Antonio Ibarra
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Ciudad de México, México
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[The controversial Burkholderia cepacia complex, a group of plant growth promoting species and plant, animals and human pathogens]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2018; 51:84-92. [PMID: 29691107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Burkholderia cepacia complex is a group of 22 species, which are known as opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised people, especially those suffering from cystic fibrosis. It is also found in nosocomial infections and is difficult to eradicate due to intrinsic resistance to several antibiotics. The species have large genomes (up to 9 Mbp), distributed into 2-5 replicons. These features significantly contribute to genome plasticity, which makes them thrive in different environments like soil, water, plants or even producing nodules in legume plants. Some B. cepacia complex species are beneficial in bioremediation, biocontrol and plant-growth promotion. However, because the B. cepacia complex is involved in human infection, its use in agriculture is restricted. B. cepacia complex is being constantly studied due to the health problems that it causes and because of its agricultural potential. In this review, the history of B. cepacia complex and the most recently published information related to this complex are revised.
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Prevalence of Burkholderia cepacia complex species in cystic fibrosis patients in Argentina during the period 2011-2015. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2017; 36:431-434. [PMID: 29055510 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Burkholderia cepacia (B. cepacia) complex is composed of 20 phylogenetically closely related bacterial species. Some species have emerged as opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised patients and are responsible for nosocomial outbreaks. The B. cepacia complex is a recognized respiratory pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis. Burkholderia cenocepacia and Burkholderia multivorans (B. multivorans) are the most prevalent species in the world, according to the literature. However, research groups in Argentina have described a particular local epidemiology, with prevalence of Burkholderia contaminans (B. contaminans). METHODS A total of 68 isolates of B. cepacia complex recovered of 46 cystic fibrosis patients attended at 14 hospitals distributed in 9 provinces of the country were studied. Identification was carried out by conventional phenotypic methods and was confirmed by recA gene sequencing. Sequences were analysed using the BLASTN program and comparing with B. cepacia complex type strains sequences deposited in GenBank. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed on isolates of the most prevalent species according to CLSI M45 guidelines. RESULTS The prevalent specie was B. contaminans (49%, n = 33) followed by B. cenocepacia (25%; n = 17). The remaining species were Burkholderia seminalis (B. seminalis) (7%, n = 5), B. cepacia (7%, n = 5), B. multivorans (6%, n = 4), Burkholderia vietnamensis (5%, n=3) and Burkholderia pyrrocinia (1%; n = 1). The 46% of B. contaminans isolates were resistant to SXT and 76% sensitive to MIN, MEM and CAZ. The isolates of B. cenocepacia were 100% resistant to SXT and MIN and 47% to CAZ and MEM. B. seminalis showed high levels of resistance to TMS (80%), CAZ (60%) and MIN (60%), and 60% of the isolates showed intermediate sensitivity to MEM. CONCLUSION Previous reports have described the prevalence of B. contaminans isolation from cystic fibrosis patients in Argentina, Spain and Portugal, and a case of two patients with cystic fibrosis in Ireland has recently been reported. Due to the high frequency with which B. contaminans is isolated in our country, it is necessary to promote the investigation of possible sources of infection and to understand the factors and mechanisms involved in the apparent greater transmissibility of this species. Different antimicrobial resistance profiles were detected between the species.
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Draft Genome Sequences of Burkholderia contaminans FFI-28, a Strain Isolated from a Contaminated Pharmaceutical Solution. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/5/e01177-16. [PMID: 27789640 PMCID: PMC5084864 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01177-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia contaminans is a species of the Burkholderia cepacia complex, a group of bacteria that can grow in pharmaceutical products and are capable of infecting the immunocompromised and people with cystic fibrosis. Here, we report draft genome sequences for Burkholderia contaminans FFI-28, a strain isolated from a contaminated pharmaceutical solution.
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Nunvar J, Kalferstova L, Bloodworth RAM, Kolar M, Degrossi J, Lubovich S, Cardona ST, Drevinek P. Understanding the Pathogenicity of Burkholderia contaminans, an Emerging Pathogen in Cystic Fibrosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160975. [PMID: 27512997 PMCID: PMC4981469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several bacterial species from the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) are feared opportunistic pathogens that lead to debilitating lung infections with a high risk of developing fatal septicemia in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. However, the pathogenic potential of other Bcc species is yet unknown. To elucidate clinical relevance of Burkholderia contaminans, a species frequently isolated from CF respiratory samples in Ibero-American countries, we aimed to identify its key virulence factors possibly linked with an unfavorable clinical outcome. We performed a genome-wide comparative analysis of two isolates of B. contaminans ST872 from sputum and blood culture of a female CF patient in Argentina. RNA-seq data showed significant changes in expression for quorum sensing-regulated virulence factors and motility and chemotaxis. Furthermore, we detected expression changes in a recently described low-oxygen-activated (lxa) locus which encodes stress-related proteins, and for two clusters responsible for the biosynthesis of antifungal and hemolytic compounds pyrrolnitrin and occidiofungin. Based on phenotypic assays that confirmed changes in motility and in proteolytic, hemolytic and antifungal activities, we were able to distinguish two phenotypes of B. contaminans that coexisted in the host and entered her bloodstream. Whole genome sequencing revealed that the sputum and bloodstream isolates (each representing a distinct phenotype) differed by over 1,400 mutations as a result of a mismatch repair-deficient hypermutable state of the sputum isolate. The inferred lack of purifying selection against nonsynonymous mutations and the high rate of pseudogenization in the derived isolate indicated limited evolutionary pressure during evolution in the nutrient-rich, stable CF sputum environment. The present study is the first to examine the genomic and transcriptomic differences between longitudinal isolates of B. contaminans. Detected activity of a number of putative virulence factors implies a genuine pathogenic nature of this novel Bcc species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Nunvar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kalferstova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ruhi A. M. Bloodworth
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Michal Kolar
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jose Degrossi
- School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Lubovich
- Centro Respiratorio Dr. A. Alvarez, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia T. Cardona
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Pavel Drevinek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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SNaPBceBcon: a Practical Tool for Identification and Genotyping of Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia contaminans. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 54:483-8. [PMID: 26659211 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02476-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose an optimized protocol for an extensive population analysis of Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia contaminans. Seven new polymorphisms were added to the recently proposed SNaPBcen assay, and a total of 18 markers ensured the clear identification and distinction of B. cepacia and B. contaminans isolates and high genotypic discrimination (Simpson index of 0.94) compared to those for multilocus sequence typing.
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Coutinho CP, Barreto C, Pereira L, Lito L, Melo Cristino J, Sá-Correia I. Incidence of Burkholderia contaminans at a cystic fibrosis centre with an unusually high representation of Burkholderia cepacia during 15 years of epidemiological surveillance. J Med Microbiol 2015; 64:927-935. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carla P. Coutinho
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Celeste Barreto
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pereira
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Lito
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Melo Cristino
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Sá-Correia
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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Falcone-Dias MF, Centrón D, Pavan F, Moura ACDS, Naveca FG, de Souza VC, Farache Filho A, Leite CQF. Opportunistic pathogens and elements of the resistome that are common in bottled mineral water support the need for continuous surveillance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121284. [PMID: 25803794 PMCID: PMC4372423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several differences concerning bacterial species, opportunistic pathogens, elements of the resistome as well as variations concerning the CFU/mL counts were identified in some of the five most marketed bottled mineral water from Araraquara city, São Paulo, Brazil. Two out of five brands tested were confirmed as potential source of opportunistic pathogens, including Mycobacterium gordonae, Ralstonia picketti and Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc). A total of one hundred and six isolates were recovered from four of these bottled mineral water brands. Betaproteobacteria was predominant followed by Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Firmicutes. Ninety percent of the bacteria isolated demonstrated resistance to seventeen of the nineteen antimicrobials tested. These antimicrobials included eight different classes, including 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins, carbapenems and fluoroquinolones. Multidrug resistant bacteria were detected for fifty-nine percent of isolates in three water brands at counts up to 103 CFU/ml. Of major concern, the two bottled mineral water harboring opportunistic pathogens were also source of elements of the resistome that could be directly transferred to humans. All these differences found among brands highlight the need for continuous bacteriological surveillance of bottled mineral water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Falcone-Dias
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniela Centrón
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Pavan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Martina P, Feliziani S, Juan C, Bettiol M, Gatti B, Yantorno O, Smania AM, Oliver A, Bosch A. Hypermutation in Burkholderia cepacia complex is mediated by DNA mismatch repair inactivation and is highly prevalent in cystic fibrosis chronic respiratory infection. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:1182-91. [PMID: 25217078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) represents an important group of pathogens involved in long-term lung infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. A positive selection of hypermutators, linked to antimicrobial resistance development, has been previously reported for Pseudomonas aeruginosa in this chronic infection setting. Hypermutability, however, has not yet been systematically evaluated in Bcc species. A total of 125 well characterized Bcc isolates recovered from 48 CF patients, 10 non-CF patients and 15 environmental samples were analyzed. In order to determine the prevalence of mutators their spontaneous mutation rates to rifampicin resistance were determined. In addition, the genetic basis of the mutator phenotypes was investigated by sequencing the mutS and mutL genes, the main components of the mismatch repair system (MRS). The overall prevalence of hypermutators in the collection analyzed was 13.6%, with highest occurrence (40.7%) among the chronically infected CF patients, belonging mainly to B. cenocepacia, B. multivorans, B. cepacia, and B. contaminans -the most frequently recovered Bcc species from CF patients worldwide. Thirteen (76.5%) of the hypermutators were defective in mutS and/or mutL. Finally, searching for a possible association between antimicrobial resistance and hypermutability, the resistance-profiles to 17 antimicrobial agents was evaluated. High antimicrobial resistance rates were documented for all the Bcc species recovered from CF patients, but, except for ciprofloxacin, a significant association with hypermutation was not detected. In conclusion, in the present study we demonstrate for the first time that, MRS-deficient Bcc species mutators are highly prevalent and positively selected in CF chronic lung infections. Hypermutation therefore, might be playing a key role in increasing bacterial adaptability to the CF-airway environment, facilitating the persistence of chronic lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Martina
- CINDEFI-CONICET-CCT La Plata, Centro de Biotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sofía Feliziani
- CIQUIBIC-CONICET, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos Juan
- Servicio de Microbiología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marisa Bettiol
- Sala de Microbiología, Hospital de Niños de La Plata "Sor María Ludovica", 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Blanca Gatti
- Sala de Microbiología, Hospital de Niños de La Plata "Sor María Ludovica", 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Yantorno
- CINDEFI-CONICET-CCT La Plata, Centro de Biotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrea M Smania
- CIQUIBIC-CONICET, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Servicio de Microbiología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Alejandra Bosch
- CINDEFI-CONICET-CCT La Plata, Centro de Biotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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Genetic diversity of Burkholderia contaminans isolates from cystic fibrosis patients in Argentina. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 51:339-44. [PMID: 23135937 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02500-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 120 Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates collected during 2004-2010 from 66 patients in two cystic fibrosis reference centers in Argentina were analyzed. Burkholderia contaminans was the species most frequently recovered (57.6%), followed by Burkholderia cenocepacia (15%), a species distribution not reported so far. The recA-PCR-based techniques applied to the B. contaminans isolates revealed that 85% of the population carried the recA-ST-71 allele. Our results showed the utility of BOX-PCR genotyping in analyzing B. contaminans diversity. This approach allowed us to address clonal transmission during an outbreak and the genetic changes occurring in infecting bacteria over the course of chronic infection.
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Gautam V, Singhal L, Ray P. Burkholderia cepacia complex: beyond pseudomonas and acinetobacter. Indian J Med Microbiol 2011; 29:4-12. [PMID: 21304187 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.76516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is an important nosocomial pathogen in hospitalised patients, particularly those with prior broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy. BCC causes infections that include bacteraemia, urinary tract infection, septic arthritis, peritonitis and respiratory tract infection. Due to high intrinsic resistance and being one of the most antimicrobial-resistant organisms encountered in the clinical laboratory, these infections can prove very difficult to treat and, in some cases, result in death. Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and those with chronic granulomatous disease are predisposed to infection by BCC bacteria. BCC survives and multiplies in aqueous hospital environments, including disinfectant agents and intravenous fluids, where it may persist for long periods. Outbreaks and pseudo-outbreaks of BCC septicaemia have been documented in intensive care units, oncology units and renal failure patients. BCC is phenotypically unremarkable, and the complex exhibits an extensive diversity of genotypes. BCC is of increasing importance for agriculture and bioremediation because of their antinematodal and antifungal properties as well as their capability to degrade a wide range of toxic compounds. It has always been a tedious task for a routine microbiological laboratory to identify the nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli, and poor laboratory proficiency in identification of this nonfermenter worldwide still prevails. In India, there are no precise reports of the prevalence of BCC infection, and in most cases, these bacteria have been ambiguously reported as nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli or simply Pseudomonas spp. The International Burkholderia cepacia Working Group is open to clinicians and scientists interested in advancing knowledge of BCC infection/colonisation in persons with CF through the collegial exchange of information and promotion of coordinated approaches to research.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gautam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Wilson AD, Baietto M. Advances in electronic-nose technologies developed for biomedical applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2011; 11:1105-76. [PMID: 22346620 PMCID: PMC3274093 DOI: 10.3390/s110101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The research and development of new electronic-nose applications in the biomedical field has accelerated at a phenomenal rate over the past 25 years. Many innovative e-nose technologies have provided solutions and applications to a wide variety of complex biomedical and healthcare problems. The purposes of this review are to present a comprehensive analysis of past and recent biomedical research findings and developments of electronic-nose sensor technologies, and to identify current and future potential e-nose applications that will continue to advance the effectiveness and efficiency of biomedical treatments and healthcare services for many years. An abundance of electronic-nose applications has been developed for a variety of healthcare sectors including diagnostics, immunology, pathology, patient recovery, pharmacology, physical therapy, physiology, preventative medicine, remote healthcare, and wound and graft healing. Specific biomedical e-nose applications range from uses in biochemical testing, blood-compatibility evaluations, disease diagnoses, and drug delivery to monitoring of metabolic levels, organ dysfunctions, and patient conditions through telemedicine. This paper summarizes the major electronic-nose technologies developed for healthcare and biomedical applications since the late 1980s when electronic aroma detection technologies were first recognized to be potentially useful in providing effective solutions to problems in the healthcare industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alphus D. Wilson
- Southern Hardwoods Laboratory, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 432 Stoneville Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - Manuela Baietto
- Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; E-Mail:
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Miñán A, Bosch A, Lasch P, Stämmler M, Serra DO, Degrossi J, Gatti B, Vay C, D'aquino M, Yantorno O, Naumann D. Rapid identification of Burkholderia cepacia complex species including strains of the novel Taxon K, recovered from cystic fibrosis patients by intact cell MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry. Analyst 2009; 134:1138-48. [PMID: 19475140 DOI: 10.1039/b822669e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two approaches based on intact cell matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (IC-MALDI-ToF MS) have been evaluated in order to discriminate and identify nine former Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) species, Burkholderia contaminans belonging to the novel Taxon K, Burkholderia gladioli, and the most relevant non-fermentative (NF) Gram-negative rods recovered from cystic fibrosis (CF) sputum cultures. In total, 146 clinical isolates and 26 reference strains were analysed. IC mass spectra were obtained with high reproducibility applying a recently developed inactivation protocol which is based on the extraction of microbial proteins by trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). In a first approach, spectral analysis was carried out by means of a gel-view representation of mass spectra, which turned out to be useful to recognize specific identifying biomarker proteins (SIBPs). A series of prominent mass peaks, mainly assigned to constitutively expressed proteins, were selected as SIBPs for identifications at the genus and species level. Two distinctive mass peaks present in B. contaminans spectra (7501 and 7900 Da) were proposed as SIBPs for the identification of this novel species. A second approach of spectral analysis based on data reduction, feature selection and subsequent hierarchical cluster analysis was used to obtain an objective discrimination of all species analysed. Both complementary modalities of analyzing complex IC-MALDI-ToF MS data open the path towards a rapid, accurate and objective means of routine clinical microbiology diagnosis of pathogens from sputum samples of CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Miñán
- CINDEFI (CONICET-La Plata), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, Calle 50 y 115, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
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