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Skripchenko E, Zheleznikova G, Skripchenko N, Alekseeva L, Goleva O, Bessonova T, Zhirkov A. Immunopatological and genetic aspects of pathogenesis of CNS lesions in VZV infection. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:46-56. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212210146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bao L, Wei G, Gan H, Ren X, Ma R, Wang YI, Lv H. Immunogenicity of varicella zoster virus glycoprotein E DNA vaccine. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1788-1794. [PMID: 27168804 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study a eukaryotic expression vector of varicella zoster virus (VZV) glycoprotein E (gE) was constructed and enabled to express in COS7 cells. Furthermore, a specific immune response against the VZV gE eukaryotic expression plasmid was induced in BALB/c mice. The VZV gE gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned into a eukaryotic expression vector, pcDNA3.1. The recombinant vector was subsequently transfected into COS7 cells using a liposome transfection reagent. The recombinant protein was instantaneously expressed by the transfected cells, as detected by immunohistochemistry, and the recombinant pcDNA-VZV gE plasmid was subsequently used to immunize mice. Tissue expression levels were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR. In addition, the levels of serum antibodies and spleen lymphocyte proliferation activity were investigated. The amplified target gene included the full-length gE gene (~2.7 kb), and the recombinant expression vector induced gE expression in COS7 cells. In addition, the expression plasmid induced sustained expression in vivo following immunization of mice. Furthermore, the plasmid was capable of inducing specific antibody production and effectively stimulating T cell proliferation. Effective humoral and cellular immunity was triggered in the mice immunized with the VZV gE eukaryotic expression vector. The results of the present study laid the foundation for future research into a VZV DNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidao Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, P.R. China
| | - Guomin Wei
- Department of Respiratory, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256610, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Gan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256610, P.R. China
| | - Xianhua Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, P.R. China
| | - Ruilian Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, P.R. China
| | - Y I Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, P.R. China
| | - Haijun Lv
- Department of Scientific Research, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, P.R. China
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Zhu R, Liu J, Chen C, Ye X, Xu L, Wang W, Zhao Q, Zhu H, Cheng T, Xia N. A highly conserved epitope-vaccine candidate against varicella-zoster virus induces neutralizing antibodies in mice. Vaccine 2016; 34:1589-1596. [PMID: 26873057 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a highly infectious agent of varicella and herpes zoster (HZ). Vaccination is by far the most effective way to prevent these diseases. More safe, stable and efficient vaccines, such as epitope-based vaccines, now have been increasingly investigated by many researchers. However, only a few VZV neutralizing epitopes have been identified to date. We have previously identified a linear epitope between amino acid residues 121 and 135 of gE. In this study, we validated that this epitope is highly conserved amongst different VZV strains that covered five existing phylogenetic clades with an identity of 100%. We evaluated the immunogenicity of the recombinant hepatitis B virus core (HBc) virus-like particles (VLPs) which included amino acids (121-135). VZV-gE-specific antibodies were detected in immunized mouse serum using ELISA. The anti-peptide antiserum positively detected VZV via Western blot and immunofluorescent staining assays. More importantly, these peptides could neutralize VZV, indicating that these peptides represented neutralizing epitopes. These findings have important implications for the development of epitope-based protective VZV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chunye Chen
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiangzhong Ye
- Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Longfa Xu
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qinjian Zhao
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 070101, USA
| | - Tong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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Sequencing of 21 varicella-zoster virus genomes reveals two novel genotypes and evidence of recombination. J Virol 2011; 86:1608-22. [PMID: 22130537 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.06233-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotyping of 21 varicella-zoster virus (VZV) strains using a scattered single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) method revealed ambiguous SNPs and two nontypeable isolates. For a further genetic characterization, the genomes of all strains were sequenced using the 454 technology. Almost-complete genome sequences were assembled, and most remaining gaps were closed with Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of 42 genomes revealed five established and two novel VZV genotypes, provisionally termed VIII and IX. Genotypes VIII and IX are distinct from the previously reported provisional genotypes VI and VII as judged from the SNP pattern. The alignments showed evidence of ancient recombination events in the phylogeny of clade 4 and recent recombinations within single strains: 3/2005 (clade 1), 11 and 405/2007 (clade 3), 8 and DR (clade 4), CA123 and 413/2000 (clade 5), and strains of the novel genotypes VIII and IX. Bayesian tree inference of the thymidine kinase and the polymerase genes of the VZV clades and other varicelloviruses revealed that VZV radiation began some 110,000 years ago, which correlates with the out-of-Africa dispersal of modern humans. The split of ancestral clades 2/4 and 1/3/5/VIII/IX shows the greatest node height.
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Doerr HW, Cinatl J. Recent publications in medical microbiology and immunology: a retrospective. Med Microbiol Immunol 2011; 201:1-5. [PMID: 22033658 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-011-0219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A look back is done to some clinical and basic research activities recently published in medical microbiology and immunology. The review covers clinical experiences and in vitro experiments to understand the emergency, pathogenicity, epidemic spread, and vaccine-based prevention of avian and swine-origin flu. Some new developments and concepts in diagnosis, (molecular) epidemiology, and therapy of AIDS, viral hepatitis C, and herpesvirus-associated diseases are outlined. Regulation of immune system has been discussed in a special issue 2010 including some aspects of CNS affections (measles). Mycobacterial infection and its prevention by modern recombinant vaccines have reached new interest, as well as new concepts of vaccination and prophylaxis against several other bacteria. Adaptation to host niches enables immune escape (example brucella) and determines virulence (example N. meningitidis). Chlamydia pneumoniae, previously considered to trigger atherosclerosis, is hypothetically associated to Alzheimer disease, while CMV, another putative trigger of atherosclerosis, gains evidence of oncomodulation in CNS tumor diseases. In terms of globalization, exotic virus infections are increasingly imported from southern countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Doerr
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital of Frankfurt/M., Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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Sauerbrei A, Wiesener N, Zell R, Wutzler P. Sequence analysis of the glycoprotein E gene of varicella-zoster virus strains of clades 1, 3 and 5. Arch Virol 2010; 156:505-9. [PMID: 21116830 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Eighty-six varicella-zoster virus (VZV) strains of clades 1, 3 and 5, isolated from varicella and zoster patients in Germany, were analyzed by sequencing the glycoprotein E gene. Four novel non-synonymous and 10 novel synonymous mutations were detected. Of these, two synonymous (C513T, C885T) and two non-synonymous mutations (T485G, C524T) were located within the coding regions of e1 and c1. The profile of single-nucleotide polymorphisms was found to be significantly associated with the VZV clades 1, 3 and 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sauerbrei
- Reference Laboratory for HSV and VZV, Institute of Virology and Antiviral Therapy, Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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Schmidt-Chanasit J, Olschläger S, Bialonski A, Heinemann P, Bleymehl K, Gross G, Günther S, Ulrich RG, Doerr HW. Novel approach to differentiate subclades of varicella-zoster virus genotypes E1 and E2 in Germany. Virus Res 2009; 145:347-9. [PMID: 19712712 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Revised: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is the causative agent of chicken pox (varicella) in children and reactivation of VZV in elderly or immunocompromised persons can cause shingles (zoster). A subclade differentiation of the most prevalent VZV genotypes E1 and E2 in Germany was not possible with the current genotyping methods in use, but is highly important to understand the VZV molecular evolution in more detail and especially to follow up the routes of infection. Therefore the objective of this study was to develop a simple PCR-based method for differentiation of E1 and E2 subclades. Viral DNA was isolated from vesicle fluid samples of six selected German zoster patients and used to amplify nine complete open reading frames (ORFs) of the VZV genome by different PCR assays. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by a Bayesian approach. Based on the analysis of a total of nine ORFs, a 7482 bp stretch consisting of ORFs 5, 37 and 62 contained informative sites for identification of novel subclades E1a, E2a and E2b for VZV genotypes E1 and E2. Specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were demonstrated for subclades E2a and E2b within the ORFs 5, 37 and 62, whereas a subclade E1a-specific SNP was found in ORF 56. The classification of E1 and E2 subclades may facilitate a more exact and in-depth monitoring of the molecular evolution of VZV in Germany in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Virology, D-20359 Hamburg, Germany.
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Schmidt-Chanasit J, Bialonski A, Heinemann P, Ulrich RG, Günther S, Rabenau HF, Doerr HW. A 10-year molecular survey of herpes simplex virus type 1 in Germany demonstrates a stable and high prevalence of genotypes A and B. J Clin Virol 2009; 44:235-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Molecular analysis of varicella-zoster virus strains circulating in Tanzania demonstrating the presence of genotype M1. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:3530-3. [PMID: 18701658 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01057-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on analysis of 16,392 bp encompassing the complete open reading frames (ORFs) 1, 5, 31, 36, 37, 47, 60, 62, 67, and 68 of the genome of genotype M1 varicella-zoster virus (VZV) was found in swab samples originating from eight Tanzanian zoster patients. Moreover, sequence analysis suggests recombination events between different VZV genotypes within ORFs 1, 31, 60, and 67.
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In vitro replication of varicella-zoster virus in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:2122-4. [PMID: 18400911 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00122-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe for the first time the productive in vitro infection of human retinal pigment epithelial cells by varicella-zoster virus (VZV), resulting in a typical cytopathic effect (CPE) that is characterized by enlarged cells with increased granularity. Depending on the CPE dissemination, high titers of up to 1.6 x 10(6) PFU of cell-free and cryostable VZV/ml can be recovered.
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