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López-Cárdenas MT, Jiménez A, Espinosa-Montesinos A, Maldonado-Alvarado E, Osorio-Peralta MO, Martinez-Escobar A, Moreno-Vázquez A, Aguilera-Arreola MG, Ramón-Gallegos E. Elimination of Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Pathological Microbiota with Photodynamic Therapy in Women from Mexico City with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia I. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:1468-1475. [PMID: 36773299 DOI: 10.1111/php.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Cervical carcinoma (CC) is the second cause of cancer death in Mexican women. It starts with premalignant lesions known as Intraepithelial Cervical Neoplasia (CIN) that can develop due to infection by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and other microorganisms. Current CIN therapy involves invasive methods that affect cervix integrity and fertility; we propose the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a strategy with few side effects. In this work, the effectiveness of PDT for CIN I, HPV and pathogenic vaginal microbiota elimination in 29 women of Mexico City with CIN I, CIN I + HPV and HPV diagnosis was determined. After 6 months of PDT application, HPV infection was eliminated in 100% of the patients (P < 0.01), CIN I + HPV in 64.3% (P < 0.01) and CIN I in 57.2% (P > 0.05). PDT also eliminated pathogenic microorganisms: Chlamydia trachomatis in 81% of the women (P < 0.001) and Candida albicans in 80% (P < 0.05), without affecting normal microbiota since Lactobacillus iners was eliminated only in 5.8% of patients and the opportunistic Gardnerella vaginalis in 20%. These results show that PDT was highly effective in eradicating HPV and pathogenic microorganisms, suggesting that PDT is a promising therapy for cervical infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa López-Cárdenas
- Laboratorio de Citopatología Ambiental, Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adriana Jiménez
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Elizabeth Maldonado-Alvarado
- Laboratorio de Citopatología Ambiental, Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Martinez-Escobar
- Laboratorio de Citopatología Ambiental, Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Moreno-Vázquez
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital de Cardiología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ma Guadalupe Aguilera-Arreola
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Médica, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eva Ramón-Gallegos
- Laboratorio de Citopatología Ambiental, Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Lall M, Dar L, Bhatla N, Kumar P, Choudhary A, Mathur SR, Gupta RM. Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Genotypes in Cervicovaginal Secretions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Positive Indian Women and Correlation With Clinico-Virological Parameters. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2021; 3:695254. [PMID: 36303978 PMCID: PMC9580721 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2021.695254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Background: Both human papillomavirus (HPV) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are sexually transmitted. High-risk (HR) HPV types are a causal factor in cervical cancer. Persistent HPV infection in this subset of immunocompromised women results in faster disease progression. The study determined the prevalence of HPV genotypes in cervicovaginal secretions of HIV seropositive women and the correlation with CD4 counts and cytology. Method: One hundred, non-pregnant, HIV-positive women of 18 years of age and above were enrolled in this cross-sectional study following approval by the institutional ethical committee. A written consent, questionnaire, followed by sample collection including a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear for cytology was undertaken. Cervicovaginal secretion samples were collected in the Digene® specimen transport medium (STM) (Qiagen Gaithersburg Inc., MD, USA). HPV genotyping was carried out with PCR amplification of a 65-base pair (bp) fragment in the L1 region of the HPV genome using the short PCR fragment (SPF10) primers followed by reverse hybridization by line probe assay (LPA) using the INNOLiPA HPV Genotyping Extra kit (Fujirebio, Belgium). Quantitation of HPV-16 and−18 viral loads (VLs) was done by real-time PCR. Results of Pap smear cytology were correlated with CD4 counts and HPV-16 and−18 VLs. Results: Mean age of the subjects was 34.9 years ± 7.2 years (median 33.0 years, range 24–60 years). HPV was detected in 62 of 93 (66.6%) samples. Twenty (32.25%) of these 62 samples harbored a single HPV genotype. Multiple genotypes (more than two) were detected in 38 (61.3%) samples. HPV-16 was the commonest genotype detected in 26 (27.9%) of all samples and 41.9% of HPV positive samples. Pap smear cytology was reported for 93 women included in the study. Women who had normal cytology were reported as negative for intraepithelial malignancy or lesion (NILM; n = 62; 71.36%), two women had a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL; n = 11), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS; n = 12). Those smears with inadequate material were reported as scant (n = 6). The median CD4 count was 363/cu.mm (range 39–787) in HPV-positive women compared to 423/cu.mm (range 141–996) in those HPV-negative women. Quantitation of HPV-16 and−18 VL was done in duplicate for samples positive by PCR reverse hybridization (INNOLiPA). Of these 20 samples (65%), 12 samples were positive by real-time PCR. The normalized HPV-16 VL ranged between 18 and 240,000 copies/cell. The normalized HPV-18 VL in cervical samples ranged between ~24 and 60,000 copies/cell. Conclusion: HIV-positive women may be infected with multiple genotypes other than HPV-16 and−18. This may have implications on the vaccines available currently which target few specific genotypes only. Studies are required to determine the predictive role of HR HPV genotypes, in significant copy numbers especially in HIV seropositive women. It would be clinically relevant if the HPV VLs, cervical cytology, and CD4 counts are considered into cervical cancer screening programs for triage and follow-up of these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Lall
- Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Mahima Lall
| | - Lalit Dar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neerja Bhatla
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Different Methods in HPV Genotyping of Anogenital and Oropharyngeal Lesions: Comparison between VisionArray® Technology, Next Generation Sequencing, and Hybrid Capture Assay. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmp2010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are known to be related to the development of about 5% of all human cancers. The clinical relevance of HPV infection has been deeply investigated in carcinomas of the oropharyngeal area, uterine cervix, and anogenital area. To date, several different methods have been used for detecting HPV infection. The aim of the present study was to compare three different methods for the diagnosis of the presence of the HPV genome. (2) Methods: A total of 50 samples were analyzed. Twenty-five of them were tested using both next generation sequencing (NGS) and VisionArray® technology, the other 25 were tested using Hybrid Capture (HC) II assay and VisionArray® technology. (3) Results: A substantial agreement was obtained using NGS and VisionArray® (κ = 0.802), as well as between HC II and VisionArray® (κ = 0.606). In both analyses, the concordance increased if only high risk HPVs I(HR-HPVs) were considered as “positive”. (4) Conclusions: Our data highlighted the importance of technical choice in HPV characterization, which should be guided by the clinical aims, costs, starting material, and turnaround time for results.
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Fauzi FH, Hamzan NI, Rahman NA, Suraiya S, Mohamad S. Detection of human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 21:961-976. [PMID: 33843162 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide there has been a significant increase in the incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) etiologically attributed to oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV). Reliable and accurate identification and detection tools are important as the incidence of HPV-related cancer is on the rise. Several HPV detection methods for OPSCC have been developed and each has its own advantages and disadvantages in regard to sensitivity, specificity, and technical difficulty. This review summarizes our current knowledge of molecular methods for detecting HPV in OPSCC, including HPV DNA/RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC), and DNA/RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) assays. This summary may facilitate the selection of a suitable method for detecting HPV infection, and therefore may help in the early diagnosis of HPV-related carcinoma to reduce its mortality, incidence, and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Hazwani Fauzi
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Izzati Hamzan
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nurhayu Ab Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Suraiya
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Suharni Mohamad
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Visual detection of high-risk HPV16 and HPV18 based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Talanta 2020; 217:121015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shah UJ, Nasiruddin M, Dar SA, Khan MKA, Akhter MR, Singh N, Rabaan AA, Haque S. Emerging biomarkers and clinical significance of HPV genotyping in prevention and management of cervical cancer. Microb Pathog 2020; 143:104131. [PMID: 32169490 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a growing and serious problem world-wide in women, but more acute in developing countries especially in Indian subcontinent. The main causative agent for the disease is Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). The history of the cervical cancer goes back to eighteenth century as the HPV infection is reported since 1800s. Presently, the genetic structure of HPV is well defined. Several screening tests including cytology and visual based screening and high risk HPV testing are available. Also available are various clinical and commercial diagnostic tests. However due to the lack of awareness and population-based screening programs, the morbidity and mortality rate is alarmingly high. There are new emerging biomarkers including E6/E7 mRNA, p16ink4a, markers of aberrant S-phase induction, chromosomal abnormalities and miRNAs along with advanced genotyping methods. These markers have clinical significance and are helpful in disease prevention and management. Further, recent advancement in the field of metagenomics has increased the prospects of identifying newer microbes, viruses hitherto reported thus far in the context of HPV infection. Analysis of HPV cases using modern tools including genotyping using more powerful biomarkers is envisaged to enhance the prospects of early diagnosis, better prognosis, more reliable treatment and eventual management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ushma Jaykamal Shah
- MedGenome Labs Ltd., Kailash Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Muni Seva Ashram, P.O. Goraj, Tal. Waghodia, Dist. Vadodara, 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohammad Nasiruddin
- Anand Diagnostic Laboratory (A Neuberg Associate), Neuberg Anand Reference Laboratory, Anand Tower, 54, Bowring Hospital Road, Shivajinagar, Bangalore - 560001, India.
| | - Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Khurshid Alam Khan
- School of Life Sciences, BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600048, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad Riyaz Akhter
- MedGenome Labs Ltd., 3rd Floor, Narayana Nethralaya Building, Narayana Health City, # 258/A, Bommasandra, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560099, Karnataka, India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prasad Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226401, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, 31311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia.
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The Detection and Association of Canine Papillomavirus with Benign and Malignant Skin Lesions in Dogs. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020170. [PMID: 32028559 PMCID: PMC7077320 DOI: 10.3390/v12020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomavirus (PV) mainly infects the squamous epithelium and may potentially lead to benign or even malignant cutaneous lesions. However, the malignant transforming ability has been identified in several types of PVs. In humans, papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 and 18 are the most prevalent causative agents of cervical cancer. Therefore, vaccines are being developed to protect against these types. For dogs, there have been limited investigations into the association of different canine papillomavirus (CPV) genotypes with malignant lesions. Understanding the high-risk CPV genotype(s) responsible for these malignant lesions would contribute to the development of interventions for preventing CPV-induced carcinomas. In the present study, a retrospective cohort of 102 pathologically confirmed papillomas and 212 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) were included. The viral genome and antigens in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues were detected using PCR targeting pan PV E1 and COPV L1 genes and by immunohistochemistry staining (IHC), respectively. PVs were successfully detected from 11 FFPE cutaneous tissues and four oral tissues using pan PV E1- and COPV L1-based PCR, respectively. After sequencing, CPV 1, CPV 2, and CPV 6 were detected in the benign lesions using PCR and were confirmed through IHC. While CPV 9 and CPV 15 were first detected in the SCCs of dogs, CPV 16 was most often detected in SCC specimens. The association and confirmative demonstration of viral genes and intralesional antigens of CPV 9, CPV 15, and CPV 16 in SCCs highlight the potential risk of these genotypes of CPVs in malignant transformation.
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Surriabre P, Torrico A, Vargas T, Ugarte F, Rodriguez P, Fontaine V. Assessment of a new low-cost, PCR-based strategy for high-risk human papillomavirus DNA detection for cervical cancer prevention. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:842. [PMID: 31615443 PMCID: PMC6794773 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4527-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background HPV test implementation as a primary screening tool has the potential to decrease cervical cancer incidence as shown by several studies around the world. However, in many low-resource settings, the HPV test introduction has been backed down mainly due to its price. In this study, we present a novel low-cost strategy involving simple devices and techniques for high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) detection. The analytical performance to detect HR-HPV infections of this novel strategy was assessed by comparing it with the Hybrid Capture 2 system (HC2), which is used as gold standard. Methods Paired-cervical samples were collected from 541 women assisting to gynecological services in an outpatient clinic. One sample was transported in the Hybrid Capture Standard Transport Medium for HR-HPV detection by the HC2. The second sample was transported on glass slide for detection by PCR-based techniques (GP-EIA, BSGP-EIA and pU 1 M-L/2R). Results The level of agreement between the PCR-based techniques and HC2 system was determined with the Cohen’s kappa value. The kappa values between HC2 and GP-EIA, BSGP-EIA and pU 1 M-L/2R were 0.71 (CI 95% 0.63–0.78), 0.78 (CI 95% 0.71–0.84) and 0.63 (CI 95% 0.55–0.72), respectively. However, when the results from both BSGP-EIA and pU 1 M-L/2R were combined, the level of agreement with HC2 was increased to 0.82 (CI 95% 0.76–0.88), reflecting a very good agreement between the two HR-HPV detection strategies. Furthermore, the sensitivity of both techniques combined was also increased compared to the BSGP-EIA (88.7% vs 77.4%) and the pU (88.7 vs 60.9%) without penalizing the specificity obtained with the BSGP-EIA (95.1% vs 96.9%) and the pU (95.1% vs 96.5%). Conclusions This novel strategy, combining two PCR-based techniques for HR-HPV detection, could be useful for cervical cancer screening in self-collected samples in low-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Surriabre
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia.,Unité de Microbiologie Pharmaceutique et Hygiène, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrea Torrico
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Tania Vargas
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Fuantina Ugarte
- CIES Salud Sexual y Reproductiva, Regional Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Patricia Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Véronique Fontaine
- Unité de Microbiologie Pharmaceutique et Hygiène, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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Sarmah N, Baruah MN, Baruah S. Immune Modulation in HLA-G Expressing Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Relation to Human Papilloma Virus Positivity: A Study From Northeast India. Front Oncol 2019; 9:58. [PMID: 30859089 PMCID: PMC6397850 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor specific ectopic expression of the immunomodulatory molecule, HLA-G is known to mediate immune tolerance and promote carcinogenesis. Viruses too employ strategies to evade immune surveillance. Considering the role of both HLA-G and HPV in tumor growth and progression, it is pertinent to investigate the relationship between HLA-G and HPV in context of immune modulation in HNSCC. Method: A hospital based case–control study was conducted in histopathologically confirmed HNSCC tissues. HLA-G isoform expression and HPV association studies were carried out and mRNA levels of HLA-G, markers of proliferation and differentiation (ki-67, keratin 18, cyclin D1), immune checkpoint molecules (IL-10, PD-1. TGF-β), SOCS (SOCS1 and SOCS3) and pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ were determined. Results: Higher expression of HLA-G was noted in HPV positive tumors (5.14 fold, p = 0.002). HLA-G7 was the most frequent isoform (29/80) found in HNSCC particularly in HPV positive tumors (13/16). In HPV negative tumors, all the checkpoint molecules were upregulated along with pro–inflammatory IFN-γ. In contrast, in HPV positive tumors, IFN-γ expression was higher (2.12 fold) but levels of IL-10, PD-1, TGF-β, SOCS1 and SOCS3 were markedly lower (fold change of IL-10 = 0.37, PD1 = 0.41, TGF-β = 0.17, SOCS1 = 0.055, SOCS3 = 0.027). HPV positive tumors were more proliferative and differentiated with higher expression of ki-67 and keratin18 (6.25 fold, p = 0.079 and 10.62 fold, p = 0.009). Decreased expression of cyclin D1 was noted in HPV positive tumors (6.94 fold, p = 0.006) than HPV negative tumors (17.69 fold). Also, HLA-G7 expressing HPV positive tumors showed lowest expression of cyclin D1. Interestingly, SOCS showed normal expression in HLA-G7 expressing HPV negative tumors (1.2 and 1.4 fold). IFN-γ was downregulated in HPV positive tumors without HLA-G7 (0.31 fold). Conclusion: Our data suggests that SOCS were downregulated irrespective of HLA-G positivity and IFN- γ expression appeared to be mediated by HLA-G. SOCS are reported to have anti-tumor activity and also SOCS and soluble HLA-G are known to interfere with cell cycle progression. Hence, through regulating HLA-G expression, HPV positive tumors could mediate immune suppression by manipulating SOCS, IFN-γ, IL-10 and cyclin D1 pathways which needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelanjana Sarmah
- Immunology and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | | | - Shashi Baruah
- Immunology and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
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Spathis A, Kottaridi C, Pouliakis A, Archondakis S, Karakitsos P. HPV Detection Methods. Oncology 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0549-5.ch008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Human papilloma viruses (HPVs) have been acknowledged to be the leading risk factor of cervical intra-epithelial lesion creation (CIN) and cervical cancer development (CxCa). Many different techniques have been created and utilized in HPV detection and monitoring with a vast amount of them being commercialized and few of them integrated in official screening strategies. A growing trend for DNA typing of the 14 most commonly accepted high risk HPV types has been introduced, supporting that in many cases molecular testing could replace classic morphologic diagnostic routines, even though DNA detection has lower specificity than other molecular and morphology tests. However, there have been limited attempts in combining data from all different techniques to provide efficient patient triaging schemes, since, apart from the obvious increase of patient cost, the amount of data and its interpretation in patient management has been impossible. Complex computer based clinical support decision systems, many of which are based on artificial intelligence may abolish these limitations.
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11
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Choi YJ, Park JS. Clinical significance of human papillomavirus genotyping. J Gynecol Oncol 2016; 27:e21. [PMID: 26768784 PMCID: PMC4717226 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2016.27.e21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, and the human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main causative agent for its development. HPV is a heterogeneous virus, and a persistent infection with a high-risk HPV contributes to the development of cancer. In recent decades, great advances have been made in understanding the molecular biology of HPV, and HPV’s significance in cervical cancer prevention and management has received increased attention. In this review, we discuss the role of HPV genotyping in cervical cancer by addressing: clinically important issues in HPV virology; the current application of HPV genotyping in clinical medicine; and potential future uses for HPV genotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Jin Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Sup Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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12
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Liu JC, Parajuli S, Blackman E, Gibbs D, Ellis A, Hull A, Beck JR, Giri V, Iherjirka P, Khurana JS, Ragin CR. High prevalence of discordant human papillomavirus and p16 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas in an African American cohort. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E867-72. [PMID: 25962720 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies on human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have been performed on white Americans. Our study examined the incidence of HPV in an African American oropharyngeal SCC cohort and its survival. METHODS African American patients with oropharyngeal SCC in a combined tumor registry were identified. HPV16 testing was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from DNA extracted from tumor blocks. The p16 staining was performed using standard immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Forty-four patients were identified for analysis. Seventy-three percent of the tumors were HPV-positive. Only 39% of the patients who were HPV-positive were also p16-positive. Survival between all 3 tumor types, patients who tested HPV-positive/p16, HPV-positive/p16-positive, and HPV-negative/p16-negative was significantly different (p = .03). HPV/p16 status was significant on univariate and multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION HPV oropharyngeal SCC is strongly present in this African American cohort. Two thirds of the patients who were HPV-positive were p16-negative. Greater study is needed to explain the high p16 negativity among this HPV-positive oropharyngeal SCC African American cohort. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E867-E872, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shobha Parajuli
- Department of Pathology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth Blackman
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Denise Gibbs
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ashley Ellis
- Department of Chemistry, The Lincoln University, Lincoln University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna Hull
- Department of Biology, The Lincoln University, Lincoln University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - J Robert Beck
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Veda Giri
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Patrick Iherjirka
- Department of Chemistry, The Lincoln University, Lincoln University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jasvir S Khurana
- Department of Pathology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Camille R Ragin
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Ramirez N, Guerra F, Camporeale G, Quintana S, Diaz LB, Cuneo N, Villacorta Hidalgo J, Tatti SA, Alonso LG, Borkosky SS, Prat Gay G, Palaoro L. Expressions of E2 and E7-HPV16 proteins in pre-malignant and malignant lesions of the uterine cervix. Biotech Histochem 2015; 90:573-80. [DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2015.1047794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Comparison of analytical and clinical performances of the digene HC2 HPV DNA assay and the INNO-LiPA HPV genotyping assay for detecting high-risk HPV infection and cervical neoplasia among HIV-positive African women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2015; 68:162-8. [PMID: 25394189 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the Hybrid Capture 2 human papillomaviruses (HPV) DNA assay (HC2) and the INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra assay (INNO-LiPA) for cervical cancer screening in HIV-1-infected African women. DESIGN The tests were compared for agreement in detecting high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) and performance to detect squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL), by cytology, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, by histology, in cervical samples from 1224 women in Burkina Faso (N = 604) and South Africa (N = 620). RESULTS When considering the 13 hr-HPV types detected by HC2, 634 (51.8%) and 849 (69.4%) samples were positive by HC2 and INNO-LiPA, respectively. Agreement between assays was 73.9% [adjusted kappa coefficient value, 0.44 (95% confidence interval: 0.43 to 0.53)]. Agreement improved with analysis restricted to women with high-grade cervical lesions [adjusted kappa coefficient value, 0.83 (95% confidence interval: 0.74 to 0.91)]. The prevalence of hr-HPV, as determined by HC2 and INNO-LiPA, was 34.5% and 54.5%, respectively, in samples with normal cytology, 48.0% and 68.0%, respectively, in samples with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 51.8% and 75.2%, respectively, in samples with low-grade SIL, and 86.3% and 89.8%, respectively, in samples with high-grade SIL/atypical squamous cells that cannot exclude HSIL. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values for the diagnosis of histological high-grade lesions (CIN2+) were 88.8%, 55.2%, 24.7% and 96.7%, and 92.5%, 35.1%, 19.1% and 96.6% for HC2 and INNO-LiPA, respectively. CONCLUSIONS HC2 has lower analytical sensitivity but higher specificity than INNO-LiPA for diagnosing high-grade lesions; the 2 tests presented a comparable clinical sensitivity. HC2 might be suitable for cervical cancer screening in HIV-1-infected African women, but its use in resource-limited settings merits to be further evaluated in comparison with other prevention strategies.
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Okamoto M, Miyazawa T, Morikawa S, Ono F, Nakamura S, Sato E, Yoshida T, Yoshikawa R, Sakai K, Mizutani T, Nagata N, Takano JI, Okabayashi S, Hamano M, Fujimoto K, Nakaya T, Iida T, Horii T, Miyabe-Nishiwaki T, Watanabe A, Kaneko A, Saito A, Matsui A, Hayakawa T, Suzuki J, Akari H, Matsuzawa T, Hirai H. Emergence of infectious malignant thrombocytopenia in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) by SRV-4 after transmission to a novel host. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8850. [PMID: 25743183 PMCID: PMC4351523 DOI: 10.1038/srep08850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We discovered a lethal hemorrhagic syndrome arising from severe thrombocytopenia in Japanese macaques kept at the Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University. Extensive investigation identified that simian retrovirus type 4 (SRV-4) was the causative agent of the disease. SRV-4 had previously been isolated only from cynomolgus macaques in which it is usually asymptomatic. We consider that the SRV-4 crossed the so-called species barrier between cynomolgus and Japanese macaques, leading to extremely severe acute symptoms in the latter. Infectious agents that cross the species barrier occasionally amplify in virulence, which is not observed in the original hosts. In such cases, the new hosts are usually distantly related to the original hosts. However, Japanese macaques are closely related to cynomolgus macaques, and can even hybridize when given the opportunity. This lethal outbreak of a novel pathogen in Japanese macaques highlights the need to modify our expectations about virulence with regards crossing species barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Okamoto
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miyazawa
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shigeru Morikawa
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Fumiko Ono
- The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, 1-16-2 Sakura, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiji Sato
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yoshida
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Rokusuke Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kouji Sakai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Noriyo Nagata
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Takano
- 1] The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, 1-16-2 Sakura, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan [2] Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Sachi Okabayashi
- The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, 1-16-2 Sakura, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
| | - Masataka Hamano
- The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, 1-16-2 Sakura, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
| | - Koji Fujimoto
- The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, 1-16-2 Sakura, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
| | - Takaaki Nakaya
- 1] Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan [2] Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kawaramachi-hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Iida
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Horii
- 1] Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan [2] Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takako Miyabe-Nishiwaki
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Akino Watanabe
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Akihisa Kaneko
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Saito
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsui
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hayakawa
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Juri Suzuki
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matsuzawa
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Hirai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
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Chong PP, Tung CH, Rahman NABA, Yajima M, Chin FW, Yeng CLS, Go ES, Chan CML, Yawata N, Yamamoto N. Prevalence and viral load of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) in pterygia in multi-ethnic patients in the Malay Peninsula. Acta Ophthalmol 2014; 92:e569-79. [PMID: 25043991 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in primary and recurrent pterygia samples collected from different ethnic groups in the equatorial Malay Peninsula. METHODS DNA was extracted from 45 specimens of freshly obtained primary and recurrent pterygia from patients and from 11 normal conjunctival swabs from volunteers with no ocular surface lesion as control. The presence of HPV DNA was detected by nested PCR. PCR-positive samples were subjected to DNA sequencing to determine the HPV genotypes. Real-time PCR with HPV16 and HPV18 type-specific TaqMan probes was employed to determine the viral DNA copy number. RESULTS Of 45 pterygia samples with acceptable DNA quality, 29 (64.4%) were positive for HPV DNA, whereas all the normal conjunctiva swabs were HPV negative. Type 18 was the most prevalent (41.4% of positive samples) genotype followed by type 16 (27.6%). There was one case each of the less common HPV58 and HPV59. Seven of the samples harboured mixed infections of both HPV16 and HPV18. All the four known recurrent pterygia samples were HPV-positive, whereas the sole early-stage pterygium sample in the study was HPV-negative. There was no significant association between HPV-positive status with gender or age. A high proportion of patients from the Indian ethnic group (five of six) were HPV-positive, whereas the Malay patients were found to have higher HPV positivity than the Chinese. The viral load of HPV18 samples ranged between 2 × 10(2) and 3 × 10(4) copies per μg, whereas the viral load of HPV16 specimen was 4 × 10(1) to 10(2) copies per μg. CONCLUSION This report describes for the first time the quantitative measurement of HPV viral DNA for pterygium samples. The high prevalence of oncogenic HPVs in our samples suggests a possible role for HPV in the pathogenesis of pterygia. Moreover, the relatively low HPV viral load is concordant with the premalignant nature of this ocular condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Pei Chong
- Department of Biomedical Science; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; University Putra Malaysia; Serdang Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Serdang Malaysia
- Translational Infectious Diseases Laboratory; Centre for Translational Medicine; Department of Microbiology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore City Singapore
| | - Chee Hong Tung
- Department of Biomedical Science; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; University Putra Malaysia; Serdang Malaysia
| | - Nurul Asyikin bt Abdul Rahman
- Department of Biomedical Science; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; University Putra Malaysia; Serdang Malaysia
| | - Misako Yajima
- Translational Infectious Diseases Laboratory; Centre for Translational Medicine; Department of Microbiology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore City Singapore
- Department of Virology; University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
| | - Fee Wai Chin
- Department of Biomedical Science; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; University Putra Malaysia; Serdang Malaysia
| | - Crystale Lim Siew Yeng
- Faculty of Allied Sciences; University College Sedaya International; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Eng Soon Go
- Opthalmology Unit; Department of Surgery; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; University Putra Malaysia; Serdang Malaysia
| | | | - Nobuyo Yawata
- Infection and Immunity Programme; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences; Agency for Science, Research and Technology; Singapore City Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute; Singapore City Singapore
- Duke-Nus Graduate Medical School; Clinical Sciences; Singapore City Singapore
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Translational Infectious Diseases Laboratory; Centre for Translational Medicine; Department of Microbiology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore City Singapore
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Tsakogiannis D, Diamantidou V, Toska E, Kyriakopoulou Z, Dimitriou TG, Ruether IGA, Gortsilas P, Markoulatos P. Multiplex PCR assay for the rapid identification of human papillomavirus genotypes 16, 18, 45, 35, 66, 33, 51, 58, and 31 in clinical samples. Arch Virol 2014; 160:207-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Zhang R, He YF, Chen M, Chen CM, Zhu QJ, Lu H, Wei ZH, Li F, Zhang XX, Xu CJ, Yu L. Diagnosis of 25 genotypes of human papillomaviruses for their physical statuses in cervical precancerous/cancerous lesions: a comparison of E2/E6E7 ratio-based vs. multiple E1-L1/E6E7 ratio-based detection techniques. J Transl Med 2014; 12:282. [PMID: 25269554 PMCID: PMC4192431 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0282-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical lesions caused by integrated human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are highly dangerous because they can quickly develop into invasive cancers. However, clinicians are currently hampered by the lack of a quick, convenient and precise technique to detect integrated/mixed infections of various genotypes of HPVs in the cervix. This study aimed to develop a practical tool to determine the physical status of different HPVs and evaluate its clinical significance. Methods The target population comprised 1162 women with an HPV infection history of > six months and an abnormal cervical cytological finding. The multiple E1-L1/E6E7 ratio analysis, a novel technique, was developed based on determining the ratios of E1/E6E7, E2/E6E7, E4E5/E6E7, L2/E6E7 and L1/E6E7 within the viral genome. Any imbalanced ratios indicate integration. Its diagnostic and predictive performances were compared with those of E2/E6E7 ratio analysis. The detection accuracy of both techniques was evaluated using the gold-standard technique “detection of integrated papillomavirus sequences” (DIPS). To realize a multigenotypic detection goal, a primer and probe library was established. Results The integration rate of a particular genotype of HPV was correlated with its tumorigenic potential and women with higher lesion grades often carried lower viral loads. The E1-L1/E6E7 ratio analysis achieved 92.7% sensitivity and 99.0% specificity in detecting HPV integration, while the E2/E6E7 ratio analysis showed a much lower sensitivity (75.6%) and a similar specificity (99.3%). Interference due to episomal copies was observed in both techniques, leading to false-negative results. However, some positive results of E1-L1/E6E7 ratio analysis were missed by DIPS due to its stochastic detection nature. The E1-L1/E6E7 ratio analysis is more efficient than E2/E6E7 ratio analysis and DIPS in predicting precancerous/cancerous lesions, in which both positive predictive values (36.7%-82.3%) and negative predictive values (75.9%-100%) were highest (based on the results of three rounds of biopsies). Conclusions The multiple E1-L1/E6E7 ratio analysis is more sensitive and predictive than E2/E6E7 ratio analysis as a triage test for detecting HPV integration. It can effectively narrow the range of candidates for colposcopic examination and cervical biopsy, thereby lowering the expense of cervical cancer prevention. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-014-0282-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, 6600 Nanfeng Road, Shanghai, 201499, China.
| | - Yi-feng He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Chun-mei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Qiu-jing Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Huan Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, 6600 Nanfeng Road, Shanghai, 201499, China.
| | - Zhen-hong Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, 6600 Nanfeng Road, Shanghai, 201499, China.
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, 6600 Nanfeng Road, Shanghai, 201499, China.
| | - Xiao-xin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Cong-jian Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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19
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Haguenoer K, Sengchanh S, Gaudy-Graffin C, Boyard J, Fontenay R, Marret H, Goudeau A, Pigneaux de Laroche N, Rusch E, Giraudeau B. Vaginal self-sampling is a cost-effective way to increase participation in a cervical cancer screening programme: a randomised trial. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:2187-96. [PMID: 25247320 PMCID: PMC4260034 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer screening coverage remains insufficient in most countries. Our objective was to assess whether in-home vaginal self-sampling with a dry swab for high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) testing is effective and cost-effective in increasing participation in cervical cancer screening. Methods: In March 2012, 6000 unscreened women aged 30–65 years, living in a French region covered by a screening programme, who had not responded to an initial invitation to have a Pap smear were equally randomised to three groups: ‘no intervention' ‘recall', women received a letter to have a Pap smear; and ‘self-sampling', women received a self-sampling kit to return to a centralised virology laboratory for PCR-based HPV testing. Results: Participation was higher in the ‘self-sampling' than in the ‘no intervention' group (22.5% vs 9.9%, P<0.0001; OR 2.64) and ‘recall' group (11.7%, P<0.0001; OR 2.20). In the ‘self-sampling' group, 320 used the self-sampling kit; for 44 of these women with positive HR-HPV test results, 40 had the recommended triage Pap smear. The ICER per extra screened woman was 77.8€ and 63.2€ for the ‘recall' and ‘self-sampling' groups, respectively, relative to the ‘no intervention' group. Conclusions: Offering an in-home, return-mail kit for vaginal self-sampling with a dry swab is more effective and cost-effective than a recall letter in increasing participation in cervical cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Haguenoer
- 1] INSERM, U1153, Paris, France [2] Cancer Screening Department, CHRU de Tours, Tours 37000, France
| | - S Sengchanh
- Cancer Screening Department, CHRU de Tours, Tours 37000, France
| | - C Gaudy-Graffin
- 1] Department of Bacteriology and Virology, CHRU de Tours, Tours 37000, France [2] Université François-Rabelais de Tours, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours 37000, France [3] INSERM U966, Tours 37000, France
| | - J Boyard
- Cancer Screening Department, CHRU de Tours, Tours 37000, France
| | - R Fontenay
- Medico-Economic Evaluation Unit, CHRU de Tours, Tours 37000, France
| | - H Marret
- 1] Université François-Rabelais de Tours, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours 37000, France [2] Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, CHRU de Tours, Tours 37000, France
| | - A Goudeau
- 1] Department of Bacteriology and Virology, CHRU de Tours, Tours 37000, France [2] Université François-Rabelais de Tours, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours 37000, France [3] INSERM U966, Tours 37000, France
| | | | - E Rusch
- 1] Université François-Rabelais de Tours, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours 37000, France [2] Medico-Economic Evaluation Unit, CHRU de Tours, Tours 37000, France [3] Université François-Rabelais, Équipe émergente de recherche Éducation, Éthique, Santé, Tours, France
| | - B Giraudeau
- 1] INSERM, U1153, Paris, France [2] Université François-Rabelais de Tours, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours 37000, France [3] CHRU de Tours, INSERM CIC1415, Tours 37000, France
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Haguenoer K, Giraudeau B, Gaudy-Graffin C, de Pinieux I, Dubois F, Trignol-Viguier N, Viguier J, Marret H, Goudeau A. Accuracy of dry vaginal self-sampling for detecting high-risk human papillomavirus infection in cervical cancer screening: A cross-sectional study. Gynecol Oncol 2014; 134:302-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Comparison of digene hybrid capture 2, GeneMatrix PapilloScreen, and a PCR sequencing assay in detecting high-risk and probable high-risk oncogenic HPV genotypes in specimens from Korean women. Arch Virol 2014; 159:1909-16. [PMID: 24562428 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Most cervical cancers are caused by 15 high-risk (HR) and three probable high-risk (pHR) oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV). However, current commercial HR HPV screening test products do not include pHR HPV genotypes. Recently, PapilloScreen has been developed to detect the 15 HR and three pHR HPV types. In this study, we evaluated the concordance levels and clinical performance of Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2), PapilloScreen, and a PCR sequencing assay in detecting HR and pHR HPV. The PapilloScreen (96.8 %) and PCR sequencing assay (96.8 %) demonstrated higher sensitivity than HC2 (80.7 %) for detecting HR and pHR HPV. The three assays showed similar specificities and positive or negative predictive values. The concordance levels were 86.5 % (κ = 0.68) and 86.5 % (κ = 0.67) between HC2 and PapilloScreen and between HC2 and PCR sequencing, respectively. A near-perfect concordance was observed between PapilloScreen and PCR sequencing (97.8 %, κ = 0.95). Overall, the agreement between the three assays suggests that the results obtained by the HC2 assay are more often discordant (12.6 %) than the PCR-based tests. In conclusion, PapilloScreen is highly sensitive for detecting high-grade CIN or cervical cancer. The PapilloScreen assay should be considered an accurate and sensitive method for detecting HR and pHR HPV infections and an epidemiological tool for prevalence studies as well as early diagnosis and intervention in HR and pHR HPV infections.
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Hillman RJ, Garland SM, Gunathilake MPW, Stevens M, Kumaradevan N, Lemech C, Ward RL, Meagher A, McHugh L, Jin F, Carroll S, Goldstein D, Grulich AE, Tabrizi SN. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in an Australian sample of anal cancers. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:996-1001. [PMID: 24497322 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes most cases of anal cancers. In this study, we analyzed biopsy material from 112 patients with anal cancers in Australia for the presence of HPV DNA by the INNO LiPA HPV genotyping assay. There were 82% (92) males and 18% (20) females. The mean age at diagnosis was significantly (p = 0.006) younger for males (52.5 years) than females (66 years). HIV-infected males were diagnosed at a much earlier mean age (48.2 years) than HIV negative (56.3 years) males (p = 0.05). HPV DNA was detected in 96.4% (108) of cases. HPV type 16 was the commonest, at 75% (81) of samples and being the sole genotype detected in 61% (66). Overall, 79% (85) of cases had at least one genotype targeted by the bivalent HPV (bHPV) vaccine, 90% (97) by the quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccine and 96% (104) by the nonavalent HPV (nHPV) vaccine. The qHPV vaccine, which is now offered to all secondary school students in Australia, may prevent anal cancers in Australia. However, given the mean age of onset of this condition, the vaccine is unlikely to have a significant impact for several decades. Further research is necessary to prove additional protective effects of the nHPV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Hillman
- Western Sydney Sexual Health Centre, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Prevalence of high risk human papillomavirus types 16/18 in cytologically abnormal cervical smears in Alexandria, Egypt. A cytological and molecular study. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Weyn C, Garbar C, Noël JC, Weynand B, Verhest A, d’Olne D, Arbyn M, Englert Y, Fontaine V. Inter-laboratory variability in the presence of human papillomavirus in normal and abnormal cervical cytology samples. Cancer Epidemiol 2013; 37:457-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Luu HN, Dahlstrom KR, Mullen PD, VonVille HM, Scheurer ME. Comparison of the accuracy of Hybrid Capture II and polymerase chain reaction in detecting clinically important cervical dysplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Med 2013; 2:367-90. [PMID: 23930214 PMCID: PMC3699849 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of screening programs for cervical cancer has benefited from the inclusion of Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA assays; which assay to choose, however, is not clear based on previous reviews. Our review addressed test accuracy of Hybrid Capture II (HCII) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays based on studies with stronger designs and with more clinically relevant outcomes. We searched OvidMedline, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library for English language studies comparing both tests, published 1985–2012, with cervical dysplasia defined by the Bethesda classification. Meta-analysis provided pooled sensitivity, specificity, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs); meta-regression identified sources of heterogeneity. From 29 reports, we found that the pooled sensitivity and specificity to detect high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was higher for HCII than PCR (0.89 [CI: 0.89–0.90] and 0.85 [CI: 0.84–0.86] vs. 0.73 [CI: 0.73–0.74] and 0.62 [CI: 0.62–0.64]). Both assays had higher accuracy to detect cervical dysplasia in Europe than in Asia-Pacific or North America (diagnostic odd ratio – dOR = 4.08 [CI: 1.39–11.91] and 4.56 [CI: 1.86–11.17] for HCII vs. 2.66 [CI: 1.16–6.53] and 3.78 [CI: 1.50–9.51] for PCR) and accuracy to detect HSIL than atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS)/ low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) (HCII-dOR = 9.04 [CI: 4.12–19.86] and PCR-dOR = 5.60 [CI: 2.87–10.94]). For HCII, using histology as a gold standard results in higher accuracy than using cytology (dOR = 2.87 [CI: 1.31–6.29]). Based on higher test accuracy, our results support the use of HCII in cervical cancer screening programs. The role of HPV type distribution should be explored to determine the worldwide comparability of HPV test accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung N Luu
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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HPV-Based Screening, Triage, Treatment, and Followup Strategies in the Management of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Obstet Gynecol Int 2013; 2013:912780. [PMID: 23690785 PMCID: PMC3649705 DOI: 10.1155/2013/912780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of death from cancer in women worldwide, and the development of new diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment strategies merits special attention. Many efforts have been made to design new drugs and develop immunotherapy and gene therapy strategies to treat cervical cancer. HPV genotyping has potentially valuable applications in triage of low-grade abnormal cervical cytology, assessment of prognosis and followup of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and in treatment strategies for invasive cervical cancer. It is known that during the development of cervical cancer associated with HPV infection, a cascade of abnormal events is induced, including disruption of cellular cycle control, alteration of gene expression, and deregulation of microRNA expression. Thus, the identification and subsequent functional evaluation of host proteins associated with HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins may provide useful information in understanding cervical carcinogenesis, identifying cervical cancer molecular markers, and developing specific targeting strategies against tumor cells. Therefore, in this paper, we discuss the main diagnostic methods, management strategies, and followup of HPV-associated cervical lesions and review clinical trials applying gene therapy strategies against the development of cervical cancer.
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Jamshidi M, Shekari M, Nejatizadeh AA, Malekzadeh K, Baghershiroodi M, Davudian P, Dehghan F, Jamshidi F. The impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11 in women with genital warts. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012; 286:1261-7. [PMID: 22718097 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-012-2416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are etiologically associated with the development of virtually all genital warts. HPV-6 and HPV-11 are the most commonly detected HPV genotypes, but at least 20 other HPV genotypes have occasionally been found in genital wart tissue specimens. STUDY DESIGN The aim of this study was to determine from 100 genital wart tissue specimens collected from female patients using multiplex gap-PCR technique the prevalence of various genital HPV among women with HPV genital warts in south of Iran. 100 genital wart tissue specimens were tested for the presence of HPV PG5/PG6 and also for HPV type using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Based on the collected data, 73 (73 %) samples were detected positive for HPV DNA and 23 (23 %) samples out of 100 samples were detected negative for HPV DNA. 49 (49 %) and 67 (67 %) of patients were detected positive for HPV type 6 and 11, respectively. There was a significant association between marital status and HPV genotype 6 (OR = 0.51, 95 % CI = 0.37-0.70, P = 0.01). Nevertheless, no significant association was found between marriage and HPV genotype 11 (OR = 0.85, 95 % CI = 0.58-1, 24, P = 0.7). Similarly, this result was demonstrated, in combined marriage and HPV-general (OR = 0.80, 95 % CI = 0.62-0.05, P = 0.4). CONCLUSION Concerning the prevalence of HPV in our study, determination of genital HPV prevalence and multiple infections among the normal population of women of Hormozgan Province is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Jamshidi
- Infections Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-Abbas, Iran
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Comparison of 2 Different PCR-Based Technologies for the Detection of Human Papilloma Virus from Paraffin-Embedded Tissue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 21:45-52. [DOI: 10.1097/pdm.0b013e318229a923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Santos CR, Franciscatto LG, Barcellos RB, Almeida SEM, Rossetti MLR. Use of FTA elute card impregnated with cervicovaginal sample directly into the amplification reaction increases the detection of human papillomavirus DNA. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:389-92. [PMID: 24031844 PMCID: PMC3768978 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220120001000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the use of the FTA elute card(TM) impregnated with cervicovaginal sample directly in the PCR amplification for detection of HPV-DNA. The results were compared to a reference technique. This method was more efficient than the protocol indicated by the manufacturer, identifying 91.7% against 54.2% of the positive samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla R Santos
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Fundação Estadual de Produção e Pesquisa em Saúde , Porto Alegre, RS , Brasil ; Universidade Luterana do Brasil , Canoas, RS , Brasil
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Detection and genotyping of human papilloma virus in cervical cancer specimens from Saudi patients. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2011; 21:907-10. [PMID: 21697680 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0b013e318214219f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the rates and types of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in cervical cancer specimens from Saudi patients. METHODS One hundred specimens were randomly selected and retrieved from the achieved samples stored in the pathology department accessioned under the diagnosis of cervical cancer and carcinoma in situ between the years 1997 and 2007. Human papilloma virus in the clinical samples was detected using polymerase chain reaction amplification methods. Two primer systems are commonly used: the MY09-MY11 primers and the GP5+-GP6+ that amplify a wide range of HPV genotypes. Human papilloma virus isolates were genotyped using DNA sequencing and reverse line blot hybridization assay to identify the high-risk HPV genotypes. RESULTS Ninety cases fulfilled the diagnostic criteria and were analyzed. The rate of HPV genotype detection among cervical cancer samples was 95.5%. The most common HPV genotype detected by both methods was HPV-16 (63.4%), followed by HPV-18 (11.1%), HPV-45 (4.5%), HPV-33 (3.3%), and HPV-31, HPV-52, HPV-53, HPV-58, HPV-59, and HPV-66 with 2.2% prevalence rate each. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of HPV genotypes among patients with cervical cancer in Saudi Arabia is comparable to the international rates. The use of the reverse line blot hybridization assay genotyping method could be useful for classifying oncogenic HPV-positive women. It is relatively inexpensive and reliable and can be performed in routine practice or epidemiological study compared with the available standard commercial kits.
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Baltzell K, Buehring GC, Krishnamurthy S, Kuerer H, Shen HM, Sison JD. Limited evidence of human papillomavirus in [corrected] breast tissue using molecular in situ methods. Cancer 2011; 118:1212-20. [PMID: 21823105 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been proposed as an etiologic agent of breast cancer based on numerous reports of high-risk (oncogenic) HPV types in malignant breast tissues. However, most of those studies used standard and nested solution polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, both of which are disadvantaged by vulnerability to laboratory contamination from positive control DNA and the inability to localize the signal to a specific cell type. To overcome these drawbacks, the authors of this report explored the use of in situ molecular methods of viral detection to reassess the frequency of HPV in malignant breast tissue. METHODS In situ hybridization (ISH) was used with probes that were specific for the capsid region of 12 oncogenic HPV types, and in situ PCR (IS-PCR) was used with primers that were specific for the capsid region of HPV-16, which is the most common oncogenic HPV type. These methods were resistant to molecular contamination and allowed identification of the positive cell type. The specimens examined were malignant tissues from patients with 70 breast cancer patients at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas. RESULTS HPV was observed in 4 of 70 specimens (5.7%) using ISH and in 2 of 70 specimens (2.9%) of specimens using IS-PCR. Concordance between the 2 methods was high for negative specimens; both methods yielded negative results in 66 of 70 specimens (94.3%). However, there was no concordance for the few positive specimens, probably because of differences in sensitivity and the targeted HPV types. CONCLUSIONS Oncogenic (high-risk) HPV types were present in malignant breast epithelium very infrequently and, thus, may be causative agents of only a relatively small proportion of all breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Baltzell
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
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Maramis CF, Delopoulos AN, Lambropoulos AF. A computerized methodology for improved virus typing by PCR-RFLP gel electrophoresis. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2011; 58. [PMID: 21571605 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2011.2153202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of digitized images from polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)gel electrophoresis examinations is a popular method for virus typing, i.e., for identifying the virus type(s) that have infected an investigated biological sample. However, being mostly manual, the conventional virus typing protocol remains laborious, time consuming, and error prone. In order to overcome these shortcomings,we propose a computerized methodology for improving virus typing via PCR-RFLP gel electrophoresis. A novel realistic observation model of the viral DNA motion on the gel matrix is employed to assist in exploiting additional virus-related information in comparison to the conventional approaches. The extracted rich information is fed to a novel typing algorithm, resulting in faster and more accurate decisions. The proposed methodology is evaluated for the case of the human papillomavirus typing on a dataset of 80 real and 1500 simulated samples, producing very satisfactory results.Ind
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Weyn C, Thomas D, Jani J, Guizani M, Donner C, Van Rysselberge M, Hans C, Bossens M, Englert Y, Fontaine V. Evidence of human papillomavirus in the placenta. J Infect Dis 2010; 203:341-3. [PMID: 21208925 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiq056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an epitheliotropic virus typically infecting keratinocytes but also possibly epithelial trophoblastic placental cells. In the present study, we set out to investigate whether HPV can be recovered from transabdominally obtained placental cells to avoid any confounding contamination by HPV-infected cervical cells. Thirty-five placental samples from women undergoing transabdominal chorionic villous sampling were analyzed, and we detected HPV-16 and HPV-62 in 2 placentas. This study suggests that HPV infection of the placenta can occur early in pregnancy. The overall clinical implication of these results remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Weyn
- Unit of Microbiology, Institute of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC) are a frequent diagnosis in anatomic pathology practice. Tobacco use and heavy alcohol consumption are known risk factors for HNSCC but in other cases human papillomavirus (HPV) is linked to carcinogenesis. HPV proteins E6 and E7 promote oncogenesis by blocking the action of p53 and pRB, respectively. An absence of p53 mutations in addition to expression of p16 are part of the distinct molecular profile identified in the subset of HNSCCs because of HPV. Various methods are available for HPV detection but polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization techniques are commonly used. Both methods are amenable for testing formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue that is a sample type readily available to the pathologist. HPV is detectable in approximately a quarter of all HNSCCs, and is particularly prevalent in the oropharynx in which the positivity rates approach 40%. A vast majority of HPV-related HNSCCs are owing to HPV type 16 with types 18, 31, and 33 accounting for almost all of the remaining cases. HPV-related HNSCCs are associated with better prognosis for both recurrence and survival. This group of tumors has also been shown to respond well to radiation treatment. As the clinical relevance of HPV in HNSCCs continues to emerge, anatomic pathologists are likely to receive increasing requests for testing. Herein, the authors review the biological and clinical aspects of HPV-associated HNSCC and review techniques for HPV detection.
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Carvalho NDO, del Castillo DM, Perone C, Januário JN, Melo VHD, Brasileiro Filho G. Comparison of HPV genotyping by type-specific PCR and sequencing. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2010; 105:73-8. [PMID: 20209333 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762010000100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease worldwide and there is a strong link between certain high-risk viral types and cervical carcinogenesis. Although there are several typing methods, it is still unclear which test is the best. This study compared the effectiveness of type-specific PCR (TS-PCR) and sequencing, with a focus on their clinical application. A total of 260 cervical samples from HPV-positive patients were tested for types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33 and 35 using TS-PCR and sequencing. The genotype was identified in 36% of cases by TS-PCR and in 75% by sequencing. Sequencing was four times more likely to identify the viral type in positive samples than TS-PCR (p = 0.00). Despite being more effective for virus genotyping, sequencing was unable to identify viral types in multiple infections. Combining both techniques resulted in highly sensitive detection (87% of cases), showing that they are complementary methods. HPV genotyping is an important step in HPV management, helping to identify patients with a higher risk of developing cervical cancer and contributing to the development of type-specific vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara de Oliveira Carvalho
- Núcleo de Ações e Pesquisas em Apoio Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
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Montaldo C, Mastinu A, Zorco S, Santini N, Pisano E, Piras V, Denotti G, Peluffo C, Erriu M, Garau V, Orrù G. Distribution of human papillomavirus genotypes in sardinian patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Open Virol J 2010; 4:163-8. [PMID: 21249161 PMCID: PMC3023062 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901004010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of gynecological carcinomas and in head and neck carcinomas. The aim of this study was to detect and genotype HPVs in fresh oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) from a Sardinian population, and to determine whether HPV presence was significantly associated with the development of OSCC. The oral mucosa tissues were obtained from 120 samples (68 OSCC and 52 control samples) taken from a Sardinian population seen at the Dental Clinic of the Department of Surgery and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Cagliari (Italy) and the “ Ospedale SS Trinità”, Cagliari (A.S.L. 8) between 2007 and 2008. PCR was used for the detection of HPV DNA and the genotype was determined by DNA sequencing. The frequency of HPV infection was evaluated in relation to age, sex, smoking and alcohol use. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 11.5 software. The results showed the presence of HPV-DNA in 60.3% of OSCC with HPV-16 (51.2%) being the most frequent genotype. In these Sardinian OSCC patients, HPV-DNA was detected more in males (65.8%) than in females (34.1%) while controls show a 0% of HPV presence. HPV positive was highly associated with OSCC among subjects with a history of heavy tobacco and alcohol use and among those with no such history. A greater frequency of high risk HPV presence was observed in patients with OSCC compared to health control patients. In addition these results suggested that oral HPV presence could be associated in OSCC subjects. Our results need more analyses to detect the HPV-DNA integration into tumoral cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Montaldo
- Surgery Department of Odontostomatological Sciences, Odontostomatology Section, O.B.L., University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Deschoolmeester V, Van Marck V, Baay M, Weyn C, Vermeulen P, Van Marck E, Lardon F, Fontaine V, Vermorken JB. Detection of HPV and the role of p16INK4A overexpression as a surrogate marker for the presence of functional HPV oncoprotein E7 in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:117. [PMID: 20346145 PMCID: PMC2868049 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Based on the well-recognized etiological role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical, anogenital and oropharyngeal carcinogenesis, a potential role of HPV in colorectal carcinogenesis has been suggested. For that reason, the aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of HPV DNA in colorectal carcinomas (CRC) and to study overexpression of p16INK4A as a marker for the presence of an active HPV oncoprotein E7. These findings were correlated with clinical and pathological prognostic factors of CRC. Methods The presence of HPV was assessed using a multiplex PCR system of 10 non-biotinylated primers. The amplified fragments of HPV positive samples were further analyzed by a highly sensitive, broad spectrum SPF10 PCR and subsequently genotyped using reverse hybridization in a line probe assay. P16INK4A protein expression was investigated in a subset of 90 (30 HPV positive and 60 HPV negative) CRC samples by immunohistochemistry. Results HPV DNA was found in 14.2% of the CRC samples with HPV16 as the most prevalent type. No significant differences in clinical and pathological variables were found between HPV positive and negative CRCs, except for age. HPV positive patients were significantly younger (p = 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the presence of HPV and overexpression of p16INK4A (p = 0.325). Conclusions In conclusion, the presence of oncogenic HPV DNA in a small cohort of CRC samples may suggest that HPV may be involved in the carcinogenesis of some CRC. However, contrary to what has been observed in head and neck squamous cell cancer and cancer of the uterine cervix, p16INK4A does not seem to be a surrogate marker for an active HPV infection in CRC. Therefore, further functional analyses are necessary to elucidate the role of HPV in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Deschoolmeester
- Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, University of Antwerp (UA/UZA), Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Menton JF, Cremin SM, Canier L, Horgan M, Fanning LJ. Molecular epidemiology of sexually transmitted human papillomavirus in a self referred group of women in Ireland. Virol J 2009; 6:112. [PMID: 19627586 PMCID: PMC2724505 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-6-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer and external genital warts. The purpose of this study is to document the genotype distribution of HPV in females aged between 18 and 34 who self-referred to an STI clinic with visible external genital warts (EGW). Scrapings were taken from visible external genital warts (EGW). These scrapings were analysed by PCR for the presence of HPV DNA. Positive samples were then genotyped by means of a commercially available assay (LiPA). A comparison of genotyping results determined by the LiPA assay and direct amplicon DNA sequencing was also performed. Results Ninety-two patients out of 105 samples (88%) had detectable levels of HPV DNA. The majority of individuals with EGW (66%) showed the presence of two or more genotypes. The most common HPV genotypes present in the study population were HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16, HPV-18, HPV-33 and HPV-53. Potential effects of vaccination on HPV molecular epidemiology indicate that 40% of the patients could have been protected from the high risk genotypes HPV-16 and HPV-18. Conclusion This is the first report of the molecular epidemiology of external genital warts in women aged between 18 and 34 from Ireland based on results from a LiPA assay. The study shows that most individuals are infected with multiple genotypes including those with high oncogenic potential and that the newly available HPV vaccines could have a significant impact on prevalence of the most common HPV genotypes in this study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Menton
- Molecular Virology Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Cork University Hospital & University College Cork, Cork,
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Hong SP, Shin SK, Lee EH, Kim EO, Ji SI, Chung HJ, Park SN, Yoo W, Folk WR, Kim SO. High-resolution human papillomavirus genotyping by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Nat Protoc 2008; 3:1476-84. [PMID: 18772875 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2008.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We describe a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS)-based assay for human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping--the restriction fragment mass polymorphism (RFMP) assay, which is based on mass measurement of genotype-specific oligonucleotide fragments generated by TypeIIS restriction endonuclease cleavage after recognition sites have been introduced by PCR amplification. The use of a TypeIIS restriction enzyme makes the RFMP assay independent of sequence and applicable to a wide variety of HPV genotypes, because these enzymes have cleavage sites at a fixed distance from their recognition sites. After PCR amplification, samples are subjected to restriction enzyme digestion with FokI and BtsCI and desalting using Oasis purification plates, followed by analysis by MALDI-TOF MS. Overall, the protocol is simple, takes approximately 4-4.5 h and can accurately detect and identify at least 74 different HPV genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Pyo Hong
- R&D Center, GeneMatrix Inc, Yongin 446-913, Korea
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Baleriola C, Millar D, Melki J, Coulston N, Altman P, Rismanto N, Rawlinson W. Comparison of a novel HPV test with the Hybrid Capture II (hcII) and a reference PCR method shows high specificity and positive predictive value for 13 high-risk human papillomavirus infections. J Clin Virol 2008; 42:22-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Weyn C, Boulenouar S, Mathys V, Vanhoolandt J, Bernis A, Fontaine V. Detection of human papillomavirus types 45 and 51 by type-specific polymerase chain reaction. J Virol Methods 2007; 146:405-8. [PMID: 17868914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Revised: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 45 and 51 are both considered as high risk types for the development of human cervical cancer. To optimize the detection of these two types in clinical samples, HPV-45 and HPV-51 specific primers were designed to amplify respectively a 141bp and a 266bp fragment from the L1 gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The sensitivity and the specificity of these two PCR reactions were determined using varying amounts of HPV DNA containing plasmids and negative and positive controls. Overall, the sensitivity for the HPV-45 plasmid DNA is 10fg, while for HPV-51 the sensitivity is 1fg. This is equivalent to approximately 100 and 10 HPV genome copies per PCR reaction, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Weyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, ISP/Institut Pasteur, rue Engeland 642, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
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