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Antonelli A, Coppi M, Tellapragada C, Hasan B, Maruri A, Gijón D, Morecchiato F, de Vogel C, Verbon A, van Wamel W, Kragh KN, Frimodt-Møller N, Cantón R, Giske CG, Rossolini GM. Isothermal microcalorimetry versus checkerboard assay to evaluate in vitro synergism of meropenem-amikacin and meropenem-colistin combinations against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2022; 60:106668. [PMID: 36038097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the activity of meropenem-amikacin and meropenem-colistin combinations with checkerboard broth microdilution (CKBM) compared to isothermal microcalorimetry (ITMC) assays against a multicentric collection of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative (MDR-GN) clinical isolates, to compare the Fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) and time to results of CKBM and ITMC assays. METHODS A collection of 333 MDR-GNs showing reduced susceptibility to meropenem (121 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 14 Escherichia coli, 130 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 68 Acinetobacter baumannii) isolated from different centres (Florence, Madrid, Rotterdam, and Stockholm) was included in the study. The antimicrobial activity of selected combinations was evaluated with CKBM and ITMC. FICI results were interpreted as synergistic/additive and indifferent for values ≤0.5/0.5<x≤1 and >1, respectively. WGS data in a subset of strains was used to evaluate their clonality. RESULTS A total of 254 and 286 strains were tested with meropenem-colistin and meropenem-amikacin combinations with ITMC and CKBM, respectively. Synergism/additive effects were observed with 46 strains (20 K. pneumoniae, 4 E. coli, 22 P. aeruginosa) and 20 strains (3 K. pneumoniae, 11 P. aeruginosa and 6 A. baumannii) with meropenem-amikacin and meropenem-colistin combination, respectively, with CKBM. ITMC showed a good concordance with CKBM with 89.5% and 92.2% of cases interpreted within the same FICI category for meropenem-amikacin and meropenem-colistin combinations, respectively. Most of the synergism/additivity effects were detected within 6 hours by ITMC. CONCLUSIONS ITMC showed a very good concordance with CKBM against a large collection of MDR-GN and could be implemented for the rapid evaluation of in vitro activity of antimicrobial combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Antonelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence Italy; Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Coppi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence Italy; Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Chaitanya Tellapragada
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Badrul Hasan
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ainhize Maruri
- Servicio de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Desiree Gijón
- Servicio de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabio Morecchiato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence Italy
| | - Corné de Vogel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annelies Verbon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willem van Wamel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kasper Nørskov Kragh
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Rafael Cantón
- Servicio de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian G Giske
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence Italy; Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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2
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Loukil A, Lalaoui R, Bogreau H, Regoui S, Drancourt M, Hammoudi N. Mycobacterium ulcerans Experimental Dormancy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 107:tpmd211327. [PMID: 35405654 PMCID: PMC9294675 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether Mycobacterium ulcerans, the etiological agent of Buruli ulcer in numerous tropical countries, would exist in a dormant state as reported for closely related Mycobacterium species, has not been established. Six M. ulcerans strains were exposed to a progressive depletion in oxygen for 2 months, using the Wayne model of dormancy previously described for M. tuberculosis, and further examined by microscopy after staining of dynamic, dormant, and dead mycobacteria (DDD staining), microcalorimetry and subculture in the presence of dead and replicative M. ulcerans as controls. Mycobacterium ulcerans CU001 strain died during the progressive oxygen depletion and four of five remaining strains exhibited Nile red-stained intracellular lipid droplets and a 14- to 20-day regrowth when exposed to ambient air, consistent with dormancy. A fifth M. ulcerans 19423 strain stained negative in DDD staining and slowly regrew in 27 days. Three tested M. ulcerans strains yielded microcalorimetric pattern similar to that of the negative (dead) homologous controls, differing from that of the homologous positive (replicative) controls. The relevance of these experimental observations, suggesting a previously unreported dormancy state of M. ulcerans, warrants further investigations in the natural ecological niches where M. ulcerans thrive as well as in Buruli ulcer lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Loukil
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Rym Lalaoui
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Bogreau
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | | | - Michel Drancourt
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Nassim Hammoudi
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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3
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Evolution of Antibacterial Drug Screening Methods: Current Prospects for Mycobacteria. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122562. [PMID: 34946162 PMCID: PMC8708102 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing resistance of infectious agents to available drugs urges the continuous and rapid development of new and more efficient treatment options. This process, in turn, requires accurate and high-throughput techniques for antimicrobials’ testing. Conventional methods of drug susceptibility testing (DST) are reliable and standardized by competent entities and have been thoroughly applied to a wide range of microorganisms. However, they require much manual work and time, especially in the case of slow-growing organisms, such as mycobacteria. Aiming at a better prediction of the clinical efficacy of new drugs, in vitro infection models have evolved to closely mimic the environment that microorganisms experience inside the host. Automated methods allow in vitro DST on a big scale, and they can integrate models that recreate the interactions that the bacteria establish with host cells in vivo. Nonetheless, they are expensive and require a high level of expertise, which makes them still not applicable to routine laboratory work. In this review, we discuss conventional DST methods and how they should be used as a first screen to select active compounds. We also highlight their limitations and how they can be overcome by more complex and sophisticated in vitro models that reflect the dynamics present in the host during infection. Special attention is given to mycobacteria, which are simultaneously difficult to treat and especially challenging to study in the context of DST.
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4
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Grütter AE, Lafranca T, Sigg AP, Mariotti M, Bonkat G, Braissant O. Detection and Drug Susceptibility Testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Using Isothermal Microcalorimetry. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112337. [PMID: 34835463 PMCID: PMC8624297 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gonorrhea is a frequently encountered sexually transmitted disease that results in urethritis and can further lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and possibly disseminated gonococcal infections. Thus, it must be diagnosed promptly and accurately. In addition, drug susceptibility testing should be performed rapidly as well. Unfortunately, Neisseria gonorrhoea is a fastidious microorganism that is difficult to grow and requires culturing in an opaque medium. Methods: Here, we used isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) to monitor the growth and the antimicrobial susceptibility of N. gonorrhoea. Results: Using IMC, concentrations of N. gonorrhoea between 2000 and 1 CFU·mL−1 were detected within 12 to 33 h. In addition, drug susceptibility could be monitored easily. Conclusions: The use of isothermal microcalorimetry provides an interesting and useful tool to detect and characterize fastidious microbes such as N. gonorrhoea that require media incompatible with optical detection conventionally used in many commercial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel E. Grütter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (A.E.G.); (T.L.); (A.P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Tecla Lafranca
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (A.E.G.); (T.L.); (A.P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Aurelia Pahnita Sigg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (A.E.G.); (T.L.); (A.P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Max Mariotti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (A.E.G.); (T.L.); (A.P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Gernot Bonkat
- alta uro AG, Centralbahnplatz 6, 4051 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Olivier Braissant
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (A.E.G.); (T.L.); (A.P.S.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Advances in Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Using Sensors and Biosensors: A Review. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9080232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use and mismanagement of antibiotics over the last eight decades have led to one of the main challenges humanity will have to face in the next twenty years in terms of public health and economy, i.e., antimicrobial resistance. One of the key approaches to tackling antimicrobial resistance is clinical, livestock, and environmental surveillance applying methods capable of effectively identifying antimicrobial non-susceptibility as well as genes that promote resistance. Current clinical laboratory practices involve conventional culture-based antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) methods, taking over 24 h to find out which medication should be prescribed to treat the infection. Although there are techniques that provide rapid resistance detection, it is necessary to have new tools that are easy to operate, are robust, sensitive, specific, and inexpensive. Chemical sensors and biosensors are devices that could have the necessary characteristics for the rapid diagnosis of resistant microorganisms and could provide crucial information on the choice of antibiotic (or other antimicrobial medicines) to be administered. This review provides an overview on novel biosensing strategies for the phenotypic and genotypic determination of antimicrobial resistance and a perspective on the use of these tools in modern health-care and environmental surveillance.
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6
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Lei JE, Wang Q, Lin Y, Li F, Ma C, He Y, Xu JR. Rapid detection of extended-spectrum β-Lactamases producers in Enterobacteriaceae using a calorimetry approach. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1523-1530. [PMID: 32890446 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To design and assess a novel protocol that employs isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) for rapid detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producers in clinical pathogens. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 69 clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates were examined in the new ESBL-ITC test by examining the heat profiles associated with enzyme hydrolysis of different substrates (imipenem, cefotaxime and clavulanic acid). The presence of β-lactamase genes in the bacteria tested was confirmed by PCR and DNA sequencing. Comparative analysis between ESBL-ITC and conventional minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC)/combined disk method (CDM) showed high agreement between the two assays. However, the ESBL-ITC test had a remarkable advantage of providing testing result within 1 h, in comparison to the 32-48 h required by MIC/CDM. CONCLUSIONS The ESBL-ITC test developed in this work offers a new option for rapid and accurate detection of ESBL-producers. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Timely detection of ESBL-producers is vital to guide the decision-making process in clinical treatment as well as in hospital-infection control. The new ESBL-ITC test provides a rapid phenotypic assay that can be further adapted for clinical diagnosis of ESBL-producing pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-E Lei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science of Xi'anJiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Environmental and Genes Related to Disease, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Q Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Y Lin
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute), Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - F Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - C Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y He
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - J-R Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science of Xi'anJiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Environmental and Genes Related to Disease, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
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7
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Rampacci E, Stefanetti V, Passamonti F, Henao-Tamayo M. Preclinical Models of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infection for Early Drug Discovery and Vaccine Research. Pathogens 2020; 9:E641. [PMID: 32781698 PMCID: PMC7459799 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) represent an increasingly prevalent etiology of soft tissue infections in animals and humans. NTM are widely distributed in the environment and while, for the most part, they behave as saprophytic organisms, in certain situations, they can be pathogenic, so much so that the incidence of NTM infections has surpassed that of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in developed countries. As a result, a growing body of the literature has focused attention on the critical role that drug susceptibility tests and infection models play in the design of appropriate therapeutic strategies against NTM diseases. This paper is an overview of the in vitro and in vivo models of NTM infection employed in the preclinical phase for early drug discovery and vaccine development. It summarizes alternative methods, not fully explored, for the characterization of anti-mycobacterial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rampacci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (E.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Valentina Stefanetti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (E.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Fabrizio Passamonti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (E.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Marcela Henao-Tamayo
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
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8
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Vasala A, Hytönen VP, Laitinen OH. Modern Tools for Rapid Diagnostics of Antimicrobial Resistance. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:308. [PMID: 32760676 PMCID: PMC7373752 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast, robust, and affordable antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is required, as roughly 50% of antibiotic treatments are started with wrong antibiotics and without a proper diagnosis of the pathogen. Validated growth-based AST according to EUCAST or CLSI (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute) recommendations is currently suggested to guide the antimicrobial therapy. Any new AST should be validated against these standard methods. Many rapid diagnostic techniques can already provide pathogen identification. Some of them can additionally detect the presence of resistance genes or resistance proteins, but usually isolated pure cultures are needed for AST. We discuss the value of the technologies applying nucleic acid amplification, whole genome sequencing, and hybridization as well as immunodiagnostic and mass spectrometry-based methods and biosensor-based AST. Additionally, we evaluate the potential of integrated systems applying microfluidics to integrate cultivation, lysis, purification, and signal reading steps. We discuss technologies and commercial products with potential for Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) and their capability to analyze polymicrobial samples without pre-purification steps. The purpose of this critical review is to present the needs and drivers for AST development, to show the benefits and limitations of AST methods, to introduce promising new POCT-compatible technologies, and to discuss AST technologies that are likely to thrive in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Vasala
- Protein Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P. Hytönen
- Protein Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli H. Laitinen
- Protein Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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9
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Benkova M, Soukup O, Marek J. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing: currently used methods and devices and the near future in clinical practice. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:806-822. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Benkova
- Department of Epidemiology Faculty of Military Health Sciences University of Defence Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center University Hospital Hradec Kralove Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - O. Soukup
- Biomedical Research Center University Hospital Hradec Kralove Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy Faculty of Military Health Sciences University of Defence Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - J. Marek
- Department of Epidemiology Faculty of Military Health Sciences University of Defence Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center University Hospital Hradec Kralove Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
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10
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Gonzalez Moreno M, Butini ME, Maiolo EM, Sessa L, Trampuz A. Antimicrobial activity of bioactive glass S53P4 against representative microorganisms causing osteomyelitis - Real-time assessment by isothermal microcalorimetry. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 189:110853. [PMID: 32058256 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive glass (BAG) is a synthetic bone substitute with intrinsic antimicrobial properties, used for bone defect filling. We evaluated the antimicrobial activity of two formulations of BAG S53P4 against representative pathogens of osteomyelitis: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Antimicrobial activity of BAG S53P4 was assessed by isothermal microcalorimetry, a highly sensitive assay measuring metabolic-related microbial heat production in real-time. Standard CFUs-counting was performed in parallel. BAG granules (diameter 500-800 μm) and powder (<45 μm) were evaluated in two concentrations (400 and 800 mg/ml). Isothermal microcalorimetry was performed in glass ampoules containing growth medium, BAG and test microorganism, heat production was measured for 24 h. BAG S53P4 inhibited heat production of most-tested microorganisms with heat reduction of 60%-98% compared to positive control after 24 h of exposure to the highest-tested concentration (800 mg/ml). BAG S53P4 in powder formulation (<45 μm) inhibited more microbial growth than in granule formulation (500-800 μm), with the exception of C. albicans for which both formulations presented similar inhibition rates ranging between 87 % and 97 %. The BAG inhibitory ratios estimated from the variation in the growth rate constants of each microorganism compared to the growth control ranged between 2.55 % and 100 %. Comparable results were obtained by CFUs-counting, with complete reduction in cell viability of most microorganisms after ≤ 24 h of microbial exposure to BAG S53P4 powder. In summary, BAG S53P4 demonstrated efficient inhibition of microbial growth, especially in powder formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Gonzalez Moreno
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Eugenia Butini
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Maryka Maiolo
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Sessa
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrej Trampuz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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11
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Braissant O, Theron G, Friedrich SO, Diacon AH, Bonkat G. Comparison of isothermal microcalorimetry and BACTEC MGIT960 for the detection of the metabolic activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum samples. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:1497-1502. [PMID: 31834654 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study explores the uses of microcalorimetry to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) in sputum. Microcalorimetry measures metabolic heat evolution during cellular proliferation of tuberculosis (TB) and is considered as a possible alternative to conventional diagnostic tools. OBJECTIVES To compare the time to detection (TTD) from the BACTEC™ MGIT™ 960 and the calScreener™ calorimetric system. METHODS Sixty-four sputa samples were selected from patients with confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis. Those sample were then decontaminated and analysed using calorimetry and BACTEC MGIT 960 system. RESULTS The incubation period until detection of M. tuberculosis in the sample was 8·5 ± 3·7 days for the MGIT system and 10·1 ± 4·1 days (mean ± SD) for calorimetry. CONCLUSIONS The microincubations in the 48-well format calScreener offers potential for rapid and accurate diagnostic of TB in different samples. Although TTD from calorimetry is still longer than with the MGIT, our findings suggest that several improvements are possible. Still, the instrument is ideal for continuous, real-time analysis of net metabolic heat release of limited sample numbers. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our result emphasizes that with further optimization, calorimetry can become an alternative detection method for tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Braissant
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - G Theron
- TASK Applied Science, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S O Friedrich
- TASK Applied Science, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - A H Diacon
- TASK Applied Science, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - G Bonkat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland.,Alta-Uro AG, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Di Luca M, Koliszak A, Karbysheva S, Chowdhary A, Meis JF, Trampuz A. Thermogenic Characterization and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida auris by Microcalorimetry. J Fungi (Basel) 2019; 5:jof5040103. [PMID: 31698721 PMCID: PMC6958376 DOI: 10.3390/jof5040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida auris has emerged globally as a multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen. Isolates of C. auris are reported to be misidentified as Candida haemulonii. The aim of the study was to compare the heat production profiles of C. auris strains and other Candida spp. and evaluate their antifungal susceptibility using isothermal microcalorimetry. The minimum heat inhibitory concentrations (MHIC) and the minimum biofilm fungicidal concentration (MBFC) were defined as the lowest antimicrobial concentration leading to the lack of heat flow production after 24 h for planktonic cells and 48 h for biofilm-embedded cells. C. auris exhibited a peculiar heat production profile. Thermogenic parameters of C. auris suggested a slower growth rate compared to Candida lusitaniae and a different distinct heat profile compared to that of C. haemulonii species complex strains, although they all belong to the Metschnikowiaceae clade. Amphotericin B MHIC and MBFC were 0.5 µg/mL and ≥8 µg/mL, respectively. C. auris strains were non-susceptible to fluconazole at tested concentrations (MHIC > 128 µg/mL, MBFC > 256 µg/mL). The heat curve represents a fingerprint of C. auris, which distinguished it from other species. Treatment based on amphotericin B represents a potential therapeutic option for C. auris infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagrazia Di Luca
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.D.L.); (A.K.); (S.K.)
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via San Zeno 37, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Koliszak
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.D.L.); (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Svetlana Karbysheva
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.D.L.); (A.K.); (S.K.)
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anuradha Chowdhary
- Department of Medical Mycology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi 11007, India;
| | - Jacques F. Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrej Trampuz
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.D.L.); (A.K.); (S.K.)
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-615-073
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Behera B, Anil Vishnu GK, Chatterjee S, Sitaramgupta V VSN, Sreekumar N, Nagabhushan A, Rajendran N, Prathik BH, Pandya HJ. Emerging technologies for antibiotic susceptibility testing. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111552. [PMID: 31421358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Superbugs such as infectious bacteria pose a great threat to humanity due to an increase in bacterial mortality leading to clinical treatment failure, lengthy hospital stay, intravenous therapy and accretion of bacteraemia. These disease-causing bacteria gain resistance to drugs over time which further complicates the treatment. Monitoring of antibiotic resistance is therefore necessary so that bacterial infectious diseases can be diagnosed rapidly. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) provides valuable information on the efficacy of antibiotic agents and their dosages for treatment against bacterial infections. In clinical laboratories, most widely used AST methods are disk diffusion, gradient diffusion, broth dilution, or commercially available semi-automated systems. Though these methods are cost-effective and accurate, they are time-consuming, labour-intensive, and require skilled manpower. Recently much attention has been on developing rapid AST techniques to avoid misuse of antibiotics and provide effective treatment. In this review, we have discussed emerging engineering AST techniques with special emphasis on phenotypic AST. These techniques include fluorescence imaging along with computational image processing, surface plasmon resonance, Raman spectra, and laser tweezer as well as micro/nanotechnology-based device such as microfluidics, microdroplets, and microchamber. The mechanical and electrical behaviour of single bacterial cell and bacterial suspension for the study of AST is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagaban Behera
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - G K Anil Vishnu
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Center for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Suman Chatterjee
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - V S N Sitaramgupta V
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Niranjana Sreekumar
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Apoorva Nagabhushan
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - B H Prathik
- Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, India
| | - Hardik J Pandya
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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14
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Butini ME, Abbandonato G, Di Rienzo C, Trampuz A, Di Luca M. Isothermal Microcalorimetry Detects the Presence of Persister Cells in a Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm After Vancomycin Treatment. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:332. [PMID: 30858842 PMCID: PMC6398423 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus biofilm plays a major role in implant-associated infections. Here, the susceptibility of biofilm S. aureus to daptomycin, fosfomycin, vancomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, linezolid, and rifampicin was investigated by isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). Moreover, the persister status of cells isolated from S. aureus biofilm after treatment with vancomycin was also analyzed. S. aureus biofilm was tolerant to all the antibiotics tested [minimum biofilm bactericidal concentration (MBBC) > 256 μg/ml], except to daptomycin [MBBC and minimum biofilm eradicating concentration (MBEC) = 32 μg/ml] and rifampin (MBBC and MBEC = 128 μg/ml). After the treatment of MRSA biofilm with 1024 μg/ml vancomycin, ∼5% cells survived, although metabolically inactive (persisters). Interestingly, IMC revealed that persister bacteria reverted to a normal-growing phenotype when inoculated into fresh medium without antibiotics. A staggered treatment of MRSA biofilm with vancomycin to kill all the metabolically active cells and daptomycin to kill persister cells eradicated the whole bacterial population. These results support the use in the clinical practice of a therapeutic regimen based on the use of two antibiotics to kill persister cells and eradicate MRSA biofilms. IMC represents a suitable technique to characterize in real-time the reversion from persister to metabolically-active cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugenia Butini
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerardo Abbandonato
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carmine Di Rienzo
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy.,Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @ NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrej Trampuz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mariagrazia Di Luca
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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15
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Volbers D, Stierle VK, Ditzel KJ, Aschauer J, Rädler JO, Opitz M, Paulitschke P. Interference Disturbance Analysis Enables Single-Cell Level Growth and Mobility Characterization for Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:643-651. [PMID: 30525694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To support the emerging battle against antimicrobial resistance (AMR), detection methods that allow fast and accurate antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) are urgently needed. The early identification and application of an appropriate antibiotic treatment leads to lower mortality rates and substantial cost savings and prevents the development of resistant pathogens. In this work, we present a diffraction-based method, which is capable of quantitative bacterial growth, mobility, and susceptibility measurements. The method is based on the temporal analysis of the intensity of a light diffraction peak, which arises due to interference at a periodic pattern of gold nanostructures. The presence of bacteria disturbs the constructive interference, leading to an intensity decrease and thus allows the monitoring of bacterial growth in very low volumes. We demonstrate the direct correlation of the decrease in diffraction peak intensity with bacterial cell number starting from single cells and show the capability for rapid high-throughput AST measurements by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration for three different antimicrobials in less than 2-3 h as well as the susceptibility in less than 30-40 min. Furthermore, bacterial mobility is obtained from short-term fluctuations of the diffraction peak intensity and is shown to decrease by a factor of 3 during bacterial attachment to a surface. This multiparameter detection method allows for rapid AST of planktonic and of biofilm-forming bacterial strains in low volumes and in real-time without the need of high initial cell numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Volbers
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Geschwister-Scholl-Platz1 , München D-80539 , Germany
| | - Valentin K Stierle
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Geschwister-Scholl-Platz1 , München D-80539 , Germany
| | - Konstantin J Ditzel
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Geschwister-Scholl-Platz1 , München D-80539 , Germany
| | - Julian Aschauer
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Geschwister-Scholl-Platz1 , München D-80539 , Germany
| | - Joachim O Rädler
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Geschwister-Scholl-Platz1 , München D-80539 , Germany
| | - Madeleine Opitz
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Geschwister-Scholl-Platz1 , München D-80539 , Germany
| | - Philipp Paulitschke
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Geschwister-Scholl-Platz1 , München D-80539 , Germany
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16
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Drug susceptibility testing of mature Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra and Mycobacterium smegmatis biofilms with calorimetry and laser spectroscopy. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 113:91-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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17
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Abdillahi SM, Maaß T, Kasetty G, Strömstedt AA, Baumgarten M, Tati R, Nordin SL, Walse B, Wagener R, Schmidtchen A, Mörgelin M. Collagen VI Contains Multiple Host Defense Peptides with Potent In Vivo Activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1007-1020. [PMID: 29925677 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Collagen VI is a ubiquitous extracellular matrix component that forms extensive microfibrillar networks in most connective tissues. In this study, we describe for the first time, to our knowledge, that the collagen VI von Willebrand factor type A-like domains exhibit a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in human skin infections in vivo. In silico sequence and structural analysis of VWA domains revealed that they contain cationic and amphipathic peptide sequence motifs, which might explain the antimicrobial nature of collagen VI. In vitro and in vivo studies show that these peptides exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa through membrane disruption. Our findings shed new light on the role of collagen VI-derived peptides in innate host defense and provide templates for development of peptide-based antibacterial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suado M Abdillahi
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Tobias Maaß
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gopinath Kasetty
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Adam A Strömstedt
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Baumgarten
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ramesh Tati
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara L Nordin
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Walse
- Saromics Biostructures AB, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Raimund Wagener
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Artur Schmidtchen
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.,Copenhagen Wound Healing Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark and
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.,Colzyx AB, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
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18
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Butini ME, Gonzalez Moreno M, Czuban M, Koliszak A, Tkhilaishvili T, Trampuz A, Di Luca M. Real-Time Antimicrobial Susceptibility Assay of Planktonic and Biofilm Bacteria by Isothermal Microcalorimetry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1214:61-77. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Syal K, Mo M, Yu H, Iriya R, Jing W, Guodong S, Wang S, Grys TE, Haydel SE, Tao N. Current and emerging techniques for antibiotic susceptibility tests. Theranostics 2017; 7:1795-1805. [PMID: 28638468 PMCID: PMC5479269 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens are a worldwide burden. Serious bacterial infection-related complications, such as sepsis, affect over a million people every year with mortality rates ranging from 30% to 50%. Crucial clinical microbiology laboratory responsibilities associated with patient management and treatment include isolating and identifying the causative bacterium and performing antibiotic susceptibility tests (ASTs), which are labor-intensive, complex, imprecise, and slow (taking days, depending on the growth rate of the pathogen). Considering the life-threatening condition of a septic patient and the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospitals, rapid and automated diagnostic tools are needed. This review summarizes the existing commercial AST methods and discusses some of the promising emerging AST tools that will empower humans to win the evolutionary war between microbial genes and human wits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Syal
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Manni Mo
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Hui Yu
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Rafael Iriya
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Wenwen Jing
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Sui Guodong
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Thomas E. Grys
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona 85054, USA
| | - Shelley E. Haydel
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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20
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Boillat-Blanco N, Furustrand Tafin U, Jaton K, Trampuz A. Susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium abscessus by isothermal microcalorimetry. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015. [PMID: 26210204 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated a new method for susceptibility testing of a rapidly growing mycobacterium using real-time measurement of heat (microcalorimetry). MICs of 2 clinical Mycobacterium abscessus isolates were determined by microbroth dilution and E-test. For microcalorimetry, Middlebrook-7H10 agar+10% oleic acid-albumin-dextrose-catalase, containing amikacin, clarithromycin, linezolid, and ciprofloxacin was inoculated with ~10(5)CFU/mL. Heat production was measured at 37°C for 72h. Minimal heat inhibition concentration (MHIC) was defined as the lowest antibiotic concentration inhibiting growth-related heat production. Growth of M. abscessus was detected after a median of 16.5h (range, 8.5-26.9h). Heat detection was proportionally delayed with increasing concentration of antibiotics. MHICs for the tested strains were 16 to >16mg/L for amikacin, >8mg/L for clarithromycin, 4 to >16mg/L for ciprofloxacin, 24 to >32mg/L for linezolid. MHICs were in agreement within two 2-fold dilutions with conventional MICs. Microcalorimetry may accelerate antimicrobial susceptibility testing in mycobacteria and provide additional real-time information on the drug effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Boillat-Blanco
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Ulrika Furustrand Tafin
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Septic Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Katia Jaton
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Andrej Trampuz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - University Medicine, Free and Humboldt - University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Braissant O, Chavanne P, de Wild M, Pieles U, Stevanovic S, Schumacher R, Straumann L, Wirz D, Gruner P, Bachmann A, Bonkat G. Novel microcalorimetric assay for antibacterial activity of implant coatings: The cases of silver-doped hydroxyapatite and calcium hydroxide. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 103:1161-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Braissant
- Department of Urology; University Hospital Basel; CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biocalorimetry; Biozentrum - Pharmazentrum, University of Basel; CH-4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Philippe Chavanne
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW); School of Life Sciences; CH-4132 Muttenz Switzerland
| | - Michael de Wild
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW); School of Life Sciences; CH-4132 Muttenz Switzerland
| | - Uwe Pieles
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW); School of Life Sciences; CH-4132 Muttenz Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Stevanovic
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW); School of Life Sciences; CH-4132 Muttenz Switzerland
| | - Ralf Schumacher
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW); School of Life Sciences; CH-4132 Muttenz Switzerland
| | - Lukas Straumann
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW); School of Life Sciences; CH-4132 Muttenz Switzerland
| | - Dieter Wirz
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biocalorimetry; Biozentrum - Pharmazentrum, University of Basel; CH-4056 Basel Switzerland
- Orthomerian; Gotthelfstrasse 105 4054 Basel Switzerland
| | - Philipp Gruner
- Medicoat AG; Almuesenacherstrasse 2a CH-5506 Mägenwil Switzerland
| | - Alexander Bachmann
- Department of Urology; University Hospital Basel; CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biocalorimetry; Biozentrum - Pharmazentrum, University of Basel; CH-4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Gernot Bonkat
- Department of Urology; University Hospital Basel; CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biocalorimetry; Biozentrum - Pharmazentrum, University of Basel; CH-4056 Basel Switzerland
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22
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Dunne WM, van Belkum A. More Timely Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing as a Tool in Combatting Antimicrobial Resistance in Clinically Relevant Microorganisms: Is There More than One Way to Skin a Cat? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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23
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Activities of fluconazole, caspofungin, anidulafungin, and amphotericin B on planktonic and biofilm Candida species determined by microcalorimetry. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:2709-17. [PMID: 24566186 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00057-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the activities of fluconazole, caspofungin, anidulafungin, and amphotericin B against Candida species in planktonic form and biofilms using a highly sensitive assay measuring growth-related heat production (microcalorimetry). C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, and C. parapsilosis were tested, and MICs were determined by the broth microdilution method. The antifungal activities were determined by isothermal microcalorimetry at 37°C in RPMI 1640. For planktonic Candida, heat flow was measured in the presence of antifungal dilutions for 24 h. Candida biofilm was formed on porous glass beads for 24 h and exposed to serial dilutions of antifungals for 24 h, and heat flow was measured for 48 h. The minimum heat inhibitory concentration (MHIC) was defined as the lowest antifungal concentration reducing the heat flow peak by ≥50% (≥90% for amphotericin B) at 24 h for planktonic Candida and at 48 h for Candida biofilms (measured also at 24 h). Fluconazole (planktonic MHICs, 0.25 to >512 μg/ml) and amphotericin B (planktonic MHICs, 0.25 to 1 μg/ml) showed higher MHICs than anidulafungin (planktonic MHICs, 0.015 to 0.5 μg/ml) and caspofungin (planktonic MHICs, 0.125 to 0.5 μg/ml). Against Candida species in biofilms, fluconazole's activity was reduced by >1,000-fold compared to its activity against the planktonic counterparts, whereas echinocandins and amphotericin B mainly preserved their activities. Fluconazole induced growth of planktonic C. krusei at sub-MICs. At high concentrations of caspofungin (>4 μg/ml), paradoxical growth of planktonic C. albicans and C. glabrata was observed. Microcalorimetry enabled real-time evaluation of antifungal activities against planktonic and biofilm Candida organisms. It can be used in the future to evaluate new antifungals and antifungal combinations and to study resistant strains.
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Astasov-Frauenhoffer M, Braissant O, Hauser-Gerspach I, Weiger R, Walter C, Zitzmann NU, Waltimo T. Microcalorimetric Determination of the Effects of Amoxicillin, Metronidazole, and Their Combination on In Vitro Biofilm. J Periodontol 2014; 85:349-57. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.120733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Borens O, Yusuf E, Steinrücken J, Trampuz A. Accurate and early diagnosis of orthopedic device-related infection by microbial heat production and sonication. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:1700-3. [PMID: 23813873 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Proper and rapid diagnosis of orthopedic device-related infection is important for successful treatment. Sonication has been shown to improve the diagnostic performance. We hypothesized that the combination of sonication with a novel method called microcalorimetry will further improve and accelerate the diagnosis of implant infection. We prospectively included 39 consecutive patients (mean age 59 years, 62% males) at our institution from whom 29 orthopedic prostheses and 10 osteosynthesis material were explanted. The explanted device was sonicated. The resulting sonication fluid was analyzed using microcalorimetry. Using standardized criteria to define orthopedic device-related infection, 12 cases (31%) were defined as infected. In all, positive periprosthetic tissue cultures were found. The sensitivity and specificity of microcalorimetry of sonication fluid were 100% and 97%, respectively. Mean time to detection, defined as time to reach a rising heat flow signal of 20 µW measured after equilibiration needed to get accurate measurement, was 10.9 h. In summary, microcalorimetry of sonication fluid is a reliable and a fast method in detecting the presence of microorganisms in orthopedic device-related infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Borens
- Orthopedic Septic Surgical Unit, Department of the Locomotor Apparatus and Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, l, University of Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital, BH-10 Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Furustrand Tafin U, Orasch C, Trampuz A. Activity of antifungal combinations against Aspergillus species evaluated by isothermal microcalorimetry. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 77:31-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wernli L, Bonkat G, Gasser T, Bachmann A, Braissant O. Use of isothermal microcalorimetry to quantify the influence of glucose and antifungals on the growth of Candida albicans
in urine. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:1186-93. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Wernli
- Department of Urology; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - G. Bonkat
- Department of Urology; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biocalorimetry (LOB2); Faculty of Medicine; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - T.C. Gasser
- Department of Urology; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - A. Bachmann
- Department of Urology; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - O. Braissant
- Department of Urology; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biocalorimetry (LOB2); Faculty of Medicine; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
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Zaharia DC, Muntean AA, Popa MG, Steriade AT, Balint O, Micut R, Iftene C, Tofolean I, Popa VT, Baicus C, Bogdan MA, Popa MI. Comparative analysis of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli microcalorimetric growth. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:171. [PMID: 23879872 PMCID: PMC3727997 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microcalorimetric bacterial growth studies have illustrated that thermograms differ significantly with both culture media and strain. The present contribution examines the possibility of discriminating between certain bacterial strains by microcalorimetry and the qualitative and quantitative contribution of the sample volume to the observed thermograms. Growth patterns of samples of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) were analyzed. Certain features of the thermograms that may serve to distinguish between these bacterial strains were identified. RESULTS The thermograms of the two bacterial strains with sample volumes ranging from 0.3 to 0.7 ml and same initial bacterial concentration were analyzed. Both strains exhibit a roughly 2-peak shape that differs by peak amplitude and position along the time scale. Seven parameters corresponding to the thermogram key points related to time and heat flow values were proposed and statistically analyzed. The most relevant parameters appear to be the time to reach a heat flow of 0.05 mW (1.67 ± 0.46 h in E. coli vs. 2.99 ± 0.53 h in S. aureus, p < 0.0001), the time to reach the first peak (3.84 ± 0.5 h vs. 5.17 ± 0.49 h, p < 0.0001) and the first peak value (0.19 ± 0.02 mW vs. 0.086 ± 0.012 mW, p < 0.0001). The statistical analysis on 4 parameters of volume-normalized heat flow thermograms showed that the time to reach a volume-normalized heat flow of 0.1 mW/ml (1.75 ± 0.37 h in E. coli vs. 2.87 ± 0.65 h in S. aureus, p < 0.005), the time to reach the first volume-normalized peak (3.78 ± 0.47 h vs. 5.12 ± 0.52 h, p < 0.0001) and the first volume-normalized peak value (0.35 ± 0.05 mW/ml vs. 0.181 ± 0.040 mW/ml, p < 0.0001) seem to be the most relevant. Peakfit® decomposition and analysis of the observed thermograms complements the statistical analysis via quantitative arguments, indicating that: (1) the first peak pertains to a faster, "dissolved oxygen" bacterial growth (where the dissolved oxygen in the initial suspension acts as a limiting factor); (2) the second peak indicates a slower "diffused oxygen" growth that involves transport of oxygen contained in the unfilled part of the microcalorimetric cell; (3) a strictly fermentative growth component may slightly contribute to the observed complex thermal signal. CONCLUSION The investigated strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli display, under similar experimental conditions, distinct thermal growth patterns. The two strains can be easily differentiated using a selection of the proposed parameters. The presented Peakfit analysis of the complex thermal signal provides the necessary means for establishing the optimal growth conditions of various bacterial strains. These conditions are needed for the standardization of the isothermal microcalorimetry method in view of its further use in qualitative and quantitative estimation of bacterial growth.
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Assessment of diagnostic techniques of urinary tuberculosis. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2013; 5:e2013034. [PMID: 23795272 PMCID: PMC3684357 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2013.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of active tuberculosis remains an elusive challenge. In addition, one third of the world's population is latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and up to 10% of infected individuals develop tuberculosis (TB) in their lifetime. In this investigation, the incidence of urinary tuberculosis among renal patients was studied. Three hundreds urine samples were processed for detection of Mtb by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) smear examination, Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) medium, radiometric BACTEC460 system as well as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by DNA Enzyme Immunoassay (DEIA) test. Out of 300 urine samples, 2 were positive by both ZN smears and LJ medium with incidence rate of 0.66 %, 3 positive samples by BACTEC460 culture system with incidence of 1%. PCR assay gave more positive results than smear and culture examination (i.e. 8 positive samples with incidence rate of 2.6%). The specificities were 25% for both ZN smears and LJ medium, 37.5% for BACTEC460 culture system, and 100% for PCR test, while sensitivities of all assays were 100%. Thus PCR is a rapid and sensitive method for the early diagnosis of urinary tuberculosis.
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Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as one of the most-significant health care problems of the new millennium, and the clinical microbiology laboratory plays a central role in optimizing the therapeutic management of patients with infection. This minireview explores the potential value of innovative methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of microorganisms that could provide valuable alternatives to existing methodologies in the very near future.
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Mariana F, Buchholz F, Lerchner J, Neu TR, Harms H, Maskow T. Chip-calorimetric monitoring of biofilm eradication with antibiotics provides mechanistic information. Int J Med Microbiol 2013; 303:158-65. [PMID: 23453494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria dwelling in biofilm structures has motivated the development of various monitoring tools specifically designed for biofilm investigations. In this study, the potential of the recently emerging chip calorimetry for this purpose was analysed. The activity of biofilms of Pseudomonas putida PaW340 was monitored chip-calorimetrically and compared with counts of colony forming units (CFU), bioluminescence-based ATP measurements, and quantitative confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The biofilms were treated with antibiotics differing in their mechanisms of action (bactericidal kanamycin vs. bacteriostatic tetracycline) and referenced to untreated biofilms. For untreated biofilms, all methods gave comparable results. Calorimetric killing curves, however, reflecting metabolic responses to biofilm eradication non-invasively in real time, differed from those obtained with the established methods. For instance, heat signals increased right after addition of the antibiotics. This transient increase of activity was not detected by the other methods, since only calorimetry delivers specific information about the catabolic part of the metabolism. In case of the bactericidal antibiotic, CFU misleadingly indicated successful biofilm eradication, whereas calorimetry revealed enduring activity. Our results show that calorimetry holds promise to provide valuable mechanistic information, thereby complementing other methods of biofilm analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Mariana
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Leipzig, Germany
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van Belkum A, Durand G, Peyret M, Chatellier S, Zambardi G, Schrenzel J, Shortridge D, Engelhardt A, Dunne WM. Rapid clinical bacteriology and its future impact. Ann Lab Med 2012; 33:14-27. [PMID: 23301218 PMCID: PMC3535192 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2013.33.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical microbiology has always been a slowly evolving and conservative science. The sub-field of bacteriology has been and still is dominated for over a century by culture-based technologies. The integration of serological and molecular methodologies during the seventies and eighties of the previous century took place relatively slowly and in a cumbersome fashion. When nucleic acid amplification technologies became available in the early nineties, the predicted "revolution" was again slow but in the end a real paradigm shift did take place. Several of the culture-based technologies were successfully replaced by tests aimed at nucleic acid detection. More recently a second revolution occurred. Mass spectrometry was introduced and broadly accepted as a new diagnostic gold standard for microbial species identification. Apparently, the diagnostic landscape is changing, albeit slowly, and the combination of newly identified infectious etiologies and the availability of innovative technologies has now opened new avenues for modernizing clinical microbiology. However, the improvement of microbial antibiotic susceptibility testing is still lagging behind. In this review we aim to sketch the most recent developments in laboratory-based clinical bacteriology and to provide an overview of emerging novel diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex van Belkum
- BioMérieux SA, Unit Microbiology, R&D Microbiology, La Balme Les Grottes, France
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Astasov-Frauenhoffer M, Braissant O, Hauser-Gerspach I, Daniels AU, Weiger R, Waltimo T. Isothermal microcalorimetry provides new insights into biofilm variability and dynamics. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2012; 337:31-7. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Astasov-Frauenhoffer
- Institute of Preventive Dentistry and Oral Microbiology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Basel; Basel; Switzerland
| | | | - Irmgard Hauser-Gerspach
- Institute of Preventive Dentistry and Oral Microbiology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Basel; Basel; Switzerland
| | - Alma U. Daniels
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biocalorimetry; c/o Biozentrum/Pharmazentrum; University of Basel; Basel; Switzerland
| | - Roland Weiger
- Clinic for Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology; University of Basel; Basel; Switzerland
| | - Tuomas Waltimo
- Institute of Preventive Dentistry and Oral Microbiology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Basel; Basel; Switzerland
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Furustrand Tafin U, Meis JF, Trampuz A. Isothermal microcalorimetry for antifungal susceptibility testing of Mucorales, Fusarium spp., and Scedosporium spp. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 73:330-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Growth of mycobacteria in urine determined by isothermal microcalorimetry: implications for urogenital tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections. Urology 2012; 80:1163.e9-12. [PMID: 22784494 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To overcome the limitations of current urine-based diagnostic assays of urogenital tuberculosis, we used isothermal microcalorimetry to detect the metabolic activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other commonly neglected pathogenic mycobacteria in urine and accurately determine their growth parameters. METHODS A microcalorimeter equipped with 48 channels was used. Detection was accomplished, and growth was monitored for 4 different Mycobacterium species in sterilized and modified urine at 37 °C by measuring metabolic heat flow (μW = μJ/s) as a function of time. These strains were M. smegmatis, M. phlei, M. kansasii, and M. tuberculosis. The data were integrated to perform curve fitting and extract the growth parameter from the raw data. RESULTS In sterilized urine, M. smegmatis showed the fastest growth rate (0.089 ± 0.017 [h(-1)]), followed by M. phlei (0.072 ± 0.016 [h(-1)]) and M. kansasii (0.007 ± 0.001 [h(-1)]). No growth of M. tuberculosis was detected in sterilized urine. However, in serum-supplemented urine, growth of M. tuberculosis was observed within 3 weeks at a growth rate of 0.008 ± 0.001 [h(-1)]. Biofilm formation was enhanced in the serum supplemented urine. CONCLUSION Isothermal microcalorimetry allows rapid and accurate detection of mycobacterial growth in urine. Given the absence of data on the mycobacterial growth in urine, isothermal microcalorimetry could be used to unravel key aspects of Mycobacterium physiology in the urinary tract and potentially contribute to improvement in the diagnosis and treatment of urogenital tuberculosis.
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