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Abu-Halaweh M, Al-Bsoul E. Quadruplex qPCR for detection and discrimination of C. Coli,C. fetus, and C. Jejuni from other Campylobacter species in chicken and sheep meat. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01437-4. [PMID: 38977544 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is gram-negative bacteria considered the predominant genera isolated from poultry samples and associated with gastroenteritis. Due to the problems in conventional cultural methods of time-consuming and technically demanding requirements, a rapid and feasible method for their identification and discrimination of the closely related spp. Including Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter fetus, and Campylobacter jejuni is needed. This study analyzes the chicken and sheep meats samples (n = 125) using culture and pre-enrichment-based Quadraplex real-time PCR by targeting OrfA, CstA, HipO, and 16 S rRNA genes of C. coli, C. fetus, C. jejuni and Campylobacter spp. Respectively. The analysis of 125 chicken and sheep meat samples by culture and real-time PCR showed high concordance between the results of the two methods. The present study show high prevalence of Campylobacter species (35% and 32% from chicken and meat respectively) of which C. jejuni were the most abundant. Reaction efficiencies were between 90 and 110%, and detect as low as 8.9 fg in C. jejuni. The need for quick detection and discrimination methods in sheep and chicken meat can be met using the described Quadraplex real-time PCR methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Abu-Halaweh
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Eman Al-Bsoul
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
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Jurinović L, Duvnjak S, Humski A, Ječmenica B, Taylor LT, Šimpraga B, Krstulović F, Zelenika TA, Kompes G. Genetic Diversity and Resistome Analysis of Campylobacter lari Isolated from Gulls in Croatia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1310. [PMID: 37627730 PMCID: PMC10451273 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter lari is a thermotolerant bacterium that sporadically causes gastrointestinal diseases in humans and can be found in wildlife and the environment. C. lari is an understudied species, especially in wild birds such as gulls. Gulls are potentially good carriers of pathogens due to their opportunistic behavior and tendency to gather in large flocks. During winter and their breeding period, 1753 gulls were captured, and cloacal swabs were taken to be tested for the presence of C. lari. From isolated bacteria, the DNA was sequenced, and sequence types (ST) were determined. Sixty-four swabs were positive for C. lari, and from those, forty-three different STs were determined, of which thirty-one were newly described. The whole genome was sequenced for 43 random isolates, and the same isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the broth microdilution method to compare them to WGS-derived antimicrobial-resistant isolates. All the tested strains were susceptible to erythromycin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol, and all were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was attributed to a gyrA_2 T86V mutation. Genes connected to possible beta-lactam resistance (blaOXA genes) were also detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Jurinović
- Laboratory for Bacteriology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Poultry Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.J.); (B.Š.); (F.K.); (T.A.Z.)
| | - Sanja Duvnjak
- Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Andrea Humski
- Laboratory for Food Microbiology, Department for Veterinary Public Health, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Biljana Ječmenica
- Laboratory for Bacteriology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Poultry Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.J.); (B.Š.); (F.K.); (T.A.Z.)
| | | | - Borka Šimpraga
- Laboratory for Bacteriology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Poultry Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.J.); (B.Š.); (F.K.); (T.A.Z.)
| | - Fani Krstulović
- Laboratory for Bacteriology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Poultry Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.J.); (B.Š.); (F.K.); (T.A.Z.)
| | - Tajana Amšel Zelenika
- Laboratory for Bacteriology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Poultry Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.J.); (B.Š.); (F.K.); (T.A.Z.)
| | - Gordan Kompes
- Laboratory for General Bacteriology and Mycology, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Olson EG, Micciche AC, Rothrock MJ, Yang Y, Ricke SC. Application of Bacteriophages to Limit Campylobacter in Poultry Production. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:458721. [PMID: 35069459 PMCID: PMC8766974 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.458721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is a major foodborne pathogen with over a million United States cases a year and is typically acquired through the consumption of poultry products. The common occurrence of Campylobacter as a member of the poultry gastrointestinal tract microbial community remains a challenge for optimizing intervention strategies. Simultaneously, increasing demand for antibiotic-free products has led to the development of several alternative control measures both at the farm and in processing operations. Bacteriophages administered to reduce foodborne pathogens are one of the alternatives that have received renewed interest. Campylobacter phages have been isolated from both conventionally and organically raised poultry. Isolated and cultivated Campylobacter bacteriophages have been used as an intervention in live birds to target colonized Campylobacter in the gastrointestinal tract. Application of Campylobacter phages to poultry carcasses has also been explored as a strategy to reduce Campylobacter levels during poultry processing. This review will focus on the biology and ecology of Campylobacter bacteriophages in poultry production followed by discussion on current and potential applications as an intervention strategy to reduce Campylobacter occurrence in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G Olson
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Andrew C Micciche
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Michael J Rothrock
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Yichao Yang
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella typhimurium in chicken using PCR for virulence factor hipO and invA genes (Saudi Arabia). Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229774. [PMID: 34519329 PMCID: PMC8458795 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella typhimurium are the leading causes of bacterial food contamination in chicken carcasses. Contamination is particularly associated with the slaughtering process. The present study isolated C. jejuni and S. typhimurim from fifty chicken carcass samples, all of which were acquired from different companies in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The identification of C. jejuni was performed phenotypically by using a hippurate test and genetically using a polymerase chain reaction with primers for 16S rRNA and hippurate hydrolase (hipO gene). For the dentification of S. typhimurim, a serological Widal test was carried out using serum anti-S. typhimurium antibodies. Strains were genetically detected using invA gene primers. The positive isolates for C. jejuni showed a specific molecular size of 1448 bp for 16S rRNA and 1148 bp for hipO genes. However, the positive isolates of the invA gene exhibited a specific molecular size at 244 bp using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Comparing sequencing was performed with respect to the invA gene and the BLAST nucleotide isolates that were identified as Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strain ST45, thereby producing a similarity of 100%. The testing identified C.jejuni for hippuricase, GenBank: Z36940.1. While many isolates of Salmonella spp. that contained the invA gene were not necessarily identified as S. typhimurim, the limiting factor for the Widal test used antiS. typhimurum antibodies. The multidrug resistance (MDR) of C. jejuni isolates in chickens was compared with the standard C. jejuni strain ATCC 22931. Similarly, S. typhimurium isolates were compared with the standard S. typhimurium strain ATCC 14028.
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Clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients with bacteremia caused by Campylobacter species with an emphasis on the subspecies of C. fetus. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2019; 52:122-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kabir SML, Chowdhury N, Asakura M, Shiramaru S, Kikuchi K, Hinenoya A, Neogi SB, Yamasaki S. Comparison of Established PCR Assays for Accurate Identification of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Jpn J Infect Dis 2018; 72:81-87. [PMID: 30381691 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2018.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Proper surveillance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, major pathogens associated with human gastroenteritis, is necessary to tackle the increasing disease burden. To detect these pathogenic species, a variety of PCR assays have been developed. This study examined the sensitivity and specificity of 12 PCR assays targeting 23S rRNA, ceuE, lpxA, hipO, mapA, ask, and cdt genes of C. jejuni and C. coli. The sensitivities of PCR assays were 85.2-100%, and 97-100%, and the specificities were 90.5-100%, and 94.3-100% for the tested C. jejuni (n = 61) and C. coli (n = 33) strains, respectively. Two PCR assays, targeting cdtC and hipO genes, were found to be 100% sensitive and/or specific for all C. jejuni strains, while 3 assays, targeting cdtB, cdtA, and ask genes, were 100% sensitive and/or specific for C. coli strains. However, PCR assays for hipO and ask genes are problematic to conduct simultaneously due to the differences in PCR conditions. Overall, multiplex PCR assays targeting cdtC and cdtB genes, encoding 2 subunits of the same toxin, were concluded to be the most reliable. The results of this study would aid in proper surveillance of C. jejuni and C. coli and adopting intervention strategies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Lutful Kabir
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University.,Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University
| | | | - Masahiro Asakura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Sachi Shiramaru
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Ken Kikuchi
- Department of Infection Control Science, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University
| | - Atsushi Hinenoya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Sucharit Basu Neogi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Shinji Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
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Bakhshi B, Naseri A, Alebouyeh M. Comparison of Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Campylobacter Strains Isolated from Food Samples and Patients with Diarrhea. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2016. [PMID: 26783018 PMCID: PMC4726889 DOI: 10.7508/ibj.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter infections may lead to serious conditions, including septicemia or other invasive forms of the disease, which require rapid and accurate laboratory diagnosis and subsequently appropriate antimicrobial therapy. The aim of this study was to compare the species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Campylobacter spp. strains isolated from patients and food samples. METHODS Biochemical identification was performed on 15 clinical and 30 food isolates of Campylobacter recovered onto Brucella agar containing 5% sheep blood. PCR was carried out to confirm the identity of Campylobacter spp. using primers for cadF, hipO, and asp genes of Campylobacter. To determine antibiotic sensitivity of isolates, Kirby-Bauer assay was carried out using 16 different antibiotic discs. RESULTS PCR assay and biochemical tests confirmed all 45 isolates as Campylobacter: 20 (44.44%) as C. jujeni, 10 (22.22%) as C. coli, and 15 (33.34%) as other Campylobacter strains. The maximum resistance was observed to cefotaxime and imipenem (each 86.49%) and the maximum sensitivity to erythromycin (48.65%). CONCLUSION C. jujeni is dominant among isolates from clinical and food samples. In addition, tetracycline remains the first-line therapeutic agent against Campylobacter infections in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Bakhshi
- Dept. of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; ,Corresponding Author: Bita Bakhshi ,Dept. of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Tel. (+98-21) 82884558; Fax: (+98-21) 82884555;
E-mail:
| | - Amin Naseri
- Research and Science Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Masoud Alebouyeh
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abd El-Baky RM, Sakhy M, Gad GFM. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern and genotyping of campylobacter species isolated from children suffering from gastroenteritis. Indian J Med Microbiol 2015; 32:240-6. [PMID: 25008814 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.136550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the prevalence and the antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter species isolated from children suffering from gastroenteritis . MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 125 stool samples were collected from children with gastroenteritis. The identification of isolates was performed with conventional methods as well as with molecular methods based on 16SrRNA species-specific gene amplification by PCR and product analysis. Resistance pattern of the isolated strains was determined using agar dilution method. RESULTS Conventional methods including sodium hippurate hydrolysis revealed that 12 (9.6%) samples were positive for Campylobacter species. Ten out of 12 Campylobacter spp. were identified as Campylobacter jejuni and 2 as Campylobacter coli but PCR assay revealed that five samples only were positive for Campylobacter and all were C. jejuni. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 10 antimicrobials was performed and all isolates (five isolates of C. jejuni) were susceptible to chloramphenicol, gentamicin and amikacin but all were resistant to ceftriaxone. CONCLUSION PCR assay method allows reliable detection of C. jejuni. C. jejuni was the most prevalent Campylobacter species. Gentamicin, amikacin and chloramphenicol were the most effective antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Abd El-Baky
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Samosornsuk W, Asakura M, Yoshida E, Taguchi T, Eampokalap B, Chaicumpa W, Yamasaki S. Isolation and Characterization of Campylobacter Strains from Diarrheal Patients in Central and Suburban Bangkok, Thailand. Jpn J Infect Dis 2015; 68:209-15. [DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2014.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Worada Samosornsuk
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Masahiro Asakura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Emi Yoshida
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Takashi Taguchi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | | | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Shinji Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
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Wagley S, Newcombe J, Laing E, Yusuf E, Sambles CM, Studholme DJ, La Ragione RM, Titball RW, Champion OL. Differences in carbon source utilisation distinguish Campylobacter jejuni from Campylobacter coli. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:262. [PMID: 25348335 PMCID: PMC4219013 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0262-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli are human intestinal pathogens that are the most frequent causes of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis in humans in the UK. In this study, we aimed to characterise the metabolic diversity of both C. jejuni and C. coli using a diverse panel of clinical strains isolated from the UK, Pakistan and Thailand, thereby representing both the developed and developing world. Our aim was to apply multi genome analysis and Biolog phenotyping to determine differences in carbon source utilisation by C. jejuni and C. coli strains. RESULTS We have identified a core set of carbon sources (utilised by all strains tested) and a set that are differentially utilised for a diverse panel of thirteen C. jejuni and two C. coli strains. This study used multi genome analysis to show that propionic acid is utilised only by C. coli strains tested. A broader PCR screen of 16 C. coli strains and 42 C. jejuni confirmed the absence of the genes needed for propanoate metabolism. CONCLUSIONS From our analysis we have identified a phenotypic method and two genotypic methods based on propionic utilisation that might be applicable for distinguishing between C. jejuni and C. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sariqa Wagley
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Jane Newcombe
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Emma Laing
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Emmanuel Yusuf
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Christine M Sambles
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - David J Studholme
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Roberto M La Ragione
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.
| | - Richard W Titball
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Olivia L Champion
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
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Vondrakova L, Pazlarova J, Demnerova K. Detection, identification and quantification of Campylobacter jejuni, coli and lari in food matrices all at once using multiplex qPCR. Gut Pathog 2014; 6:12. [PMID: 25057300 PMCID: PMC4108124 DOI: 10.1186/1757-4749-6-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thermotolerant Campylobacter jejuni, coli and lari are recognized as leading food-borne pathogens causing an acute bacterial enteritis worldwide. Due to narrow spectrum of their biochemical activity, it is very complicated to distinguish between individual species. For reliable risk assessment, proper incidence evaluation or swift sample analysis regarding individual species, a demand for simple and rapid method for their distinguishing is reasonable. In this study, we evaluated a reliable and simple approach for their simultaneous detection, species identification and quantification using multiplex qPCR. RESULTS Species specific primers and hydrolysis probes are directed to hippuricase gene of C. jejuni, serine hydroxymethyltransferase gene of C. coli and peptidase T gene of C. lari. Efficiencies of reactions were 90.85% for C. jejuni, 96.97% for C. coli and 92.89% for C. lari. At 95.00% confidence level and when cut off is set to 38 cycles, limits of detection are in all cases under 10 genome copies per reaction which is very appreciated since it is known that infectious doses are very low. CONCLUSIONS Proposed assay was positively validated on different food matrices (chicken wing rinses, chicken juice and homogenized fried chicken strips). No inhibition of PCR reaction occurred. Assay was evaluated in accordance with MIQE handbook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Vondrakova
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Technicka 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Pazlarova
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Technicka 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Demnerova
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Technicka 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
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Real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction–based genus-identification and pyrosequencing-based species identification of Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, C. upsaliensis, and C. fetus directly on stool samples. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 74:6-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Eberle KN, Kiess AS. Phenotypic and genotypic methods for typing Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in poultry. Poult Sci 2012; 91:255-64. [PMID: 22184452 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human campylobacteriosis, an infection caused by the bacterium Campylobacter, is a major issue in the United States food system, especially for poultry products. According to the Center for Disease Control, campylobacterosis is estimated to affect over 2.4 million people annually. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are 2 species responsible for the majority of campylobacterosis infections. Phenotypic and genotypic typing methods are often used to discriminate between bacteria at the species and subspecies level and are often used to identify pathogenic organisms, such as C. jejuni and C. coli. This review describes the design as well as advantages and disadvantages for 3 current phenotypic techniques (biotyping, serotyping, and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis) and 6 genotypic techniques (multilocus sequence typing, PCR, pulse-field gel electrophoresis, ribotyping, flagellin typing, and amplified fragment length polymorphisms) for typing pathogenic Campylobacter spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Eberle
- Mississippi State University Poultry Science Department, Mississippi State 39762, USA
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Granato PA, Chen L, Holiday I, Rawling RA, Novak-Weekley SM, Quinlan T, Musser KA. Comparison of premier CAMPY enzyme immunoassay (EIA), ProSpecT Campylobacter EIA, and ImmunoCard STAT! CAMPY tests with culture for laboratory diagnosis of Campylobacter enteric infections. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:4022-7. [PMID: 20810765 PMCID: PMC3020833 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00486-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter enteritis is a food-borne or waterborne illness caused almost exclusively by Campylobacter jejuni and, to a lesser extent, by Campylobacter coli. These organisms produce indistinguishable clinical diseases and together represent the second most common cause of bacterial diarrhea in the United States and the leading cause of enteric infection throughout the world. The conventional approach to the laboratory diagnosis of Campylobacter enteritis is based on the recovery of the organism from a stool specimen, which requires the use of a specialized medium incubated at 42°C for several days in an artificially created microaerophilic environment. Recently, several commercially available enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) have been developed for the direct detection of C. jejuni and C. coli in stool specimens. This study compared conventional culture with three EIA methods, the Premier CAMPY EIA (Meridian Bioscience, Cincinnati, OH), the ProSpecT Campylobacter EIA (Remel, Lenexa, KS), and the ImmunoCard STAT! CAMPY test (Meridian Bioscience, Cincinnati, OH), for the detection of C. jejuni and C. coli in 485 patient stool samples. Discordant results were arbitrated by using an in-house, real-time PCR assay that was developed and validated by a public health reference laboratory. Following analyses of the discrepant specimens by PCR, the sensitivity and specificity of both the Premier CAMPY and ProSpecT Campylobacter EIAs were 99.3% and 98%, respectively, while the ImmunoCard STAT! CAMPY test had a sensitivity of 98.5% and a specificity of 98.2%. By use of the PCR test as the reference standard, culture detected 127 of 135 Campylobacter-positive stool specimens, yielding a sensitivity of 94.1%. These results showed that the three EIAs evaluated in this study provide a rapid and reliable alternative for the laboratory diagnosis of enteric infections with C. jejuni and C. coli and that conventional culture may no longer be recognized as the "gold standard" for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Granato
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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WISESSOMBAT SUEPTRAKOOL, INTHAGARD JITWADEE, KITTINIYOM KANOKWAN, SRIMANOTE POTJANEE, WONGLUMSOM WIJIT, VORAVUTHIKUNCHAI SUPAYANGPIYAWAN. MULTIPLEX PCR FOR DIRECT IDENTIFICATION OF THERMOPHILICCAMPYLOBACTER,C. JEJUNI,C. COLI,C. LARIANDC. UPSALIENSISAND SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OFCDTBGENE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Pepe T, De Dominicis R, Esposito G, Ventrone I, Fratamico PM, Cortesi ML. Detection of Campylobacter from poultry carcass skin samples at slaughter in Southern Italy. J Food Prot 2009; 72:1718-21. [PMID: 19722407 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-72.8.1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter is a major foodborne pathogen responsible for acute gastroenteritis characterized by diarrhea that is sometimes bloody, fever, cramps, and vomiting. Campylobacter species are carried in the intestinal tracts of mammals and birds, and sources of human infection include raw milk, contaminated water, direct contact with pets, and foods, particularly poultry. Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli are the species that account for the majority of human infections. The aim of this work was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter in 190 poultry carcasses sampled at slaughter and to use a multiplex PCR assay to determine if the isolates were C. jejuni or C. coli. C. coli was not isolated, while C. jejuni was recovered from 52 (37.1%) of 140 carcasses for which pools of four sampling sites (neck, cloaca, breast, and back) were examined. In the remaining 50 carcasses, the four sites were analyzed separately, and C. jejuni was recovered from the samples in the following order: neck (n = 20), cloaca (n = 16), breast (n = 14), and back (n = 11). The results are in agreement with those of other studies, which showed that C. jejuni is more commonly associated with poultry than is C. coli. Control strategies for Campylobacter should include interventions to eliminate C. jejuni in poultry at various stages of production and processing, including at slaughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Pepe
- Dipartimento di Scienze Zootecniche e Ispezione degli Alimenti. Sezione di Ispezione degli Alimenti, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Delpino 1, Napoli, 80137 Italy.
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17
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The detection of hipO gene by real-time PCR in thermophilic Campylobacter spp. with very weak and negative reaction of hippurate hydrolysis. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2008; 94:527-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-008-9269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Nakari UM, Puhakka A, Siitonen A. Correct identification and discrimination between Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli by a standardized hippurate test and species-specific polymerase chain reaction. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 27:513-8. [PMID: 18317822 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-008-0467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U-M Nakari
- National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300, Helsinki, Finland
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19
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Samosornsuk W, Asakura M, Yoshida E, Taguchi T, Nishimura K, Eampokalap B, Phongsisay V, Chaicumpa W, Yamasaki S. Evaluation of a cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene-based species-specific multiplex PCR assay for the identification of Campylobacter strains isolated from poultry in Thailand. Microbiol Immunol 2008; 51:909-17. [PMID: 17895609 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2007.tb03974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have recently developed a cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene-based species-specific multiplex PCR assay for identifying Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli and C. fetus. In the present study, the applicability of this assay was evaluated with 34 Campylobacter-like organisms isolated from poultry in Thailand for species identification and was compared with other assays including API Campy, 16S rRNA gene sequence, and hippuricase (hipO) gene detection. Of the 34 strains analyzed, 20, 10 and 1 were identified as C. jejuni, C. coli, and Arcobacter cryaerophilus, respectively, and 3 could not be identified by API Campy. However, 16S rRNA gene analysis, showed that all 34 strains are C. jejuni/coli. To discriminate between these 2 species, the hipO gene, which is specifically present in C. jejuni, was examined by PCR and was detected in 20 strains, which were identified as C. jejuni by API Campy but not in the remaining 14 strains. Collective results indicated that 20 strains were C. jejuni whereas the 14 strains were C. coli. When the cdt gene-based multiplex PCR was employed, however, 19, 20 and 19 strains were identified as C. jejuni while 13, 14 and 13 were identified as C. coli by the cdtA, cdtB and cdtC gene-based multiplex PCR, respectively. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that C. jejuni and C. coli strains analyzed are genetically diverse. Taken together, these data suggest that the cdt gene-based multiplex PCR, particularly cdtB gene-based multiplex PCR, is a simple, rapid and reliable method for identifying the species of Campylobacter strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worada Samosornsuk
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
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20
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Asakura M, Samosornsuk W, Hinenoya A, Misawa N, Nishimura K, Matsuhisa A, Yamasaki S. Development of a cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene-based species-specific multiplex PCR assay for the detection and identification of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter fetus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 52:260-6. [PMID: 18248435 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2007.00369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene-based species-specific multiplex PCR assay for the detection of cdtA, cdtB or cdtC gene of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli or Campylobacter fetus, respectively, was developed and evaluated with 76 Campylobacter strains belonging to seven different species and 131 other bacterial strains of eight different genera. The cdtA, cdtB or cdtC gene of C. jejuni, C. coli or C. fetus, respectively, could be successfully amplified using the corresponding set of primers in a highly species-specific manner. Furthermore, the specific primer set for the cdtA, cdtB or cdtC gene of a particular species could amplify the desired gene from a mixture of DNA templates of any of two or all three species. The detection limit of C. jejuni, C. coli or C. fetus was 10-100 CFU tube(-1) by the multiplex PCR assay on the basis of the presence of the cdtA, cdtB or cdtC gene. These data indicate that the cdt gene-based multiplex PCR assay may be useful for rapid and accurate detection as well as identification of Campylobacter strains in a species-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Asakura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
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21
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Debruyne L, Samyn E, De Brandt E, Vandenberg O, Heyndrickx M, Vandamme P. Comparative performance of different PCR assays for the identification of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Res Microbiol 2008; 159:88-93. [PMID: 18272350 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2007.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 11/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity and specificity of 7 PCR assays described for the identification of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli were examined using alkaline cell lysates from a collection of 100 well characterized reference strains of C. jejuni, C. coli, Campylobacter lari and related Campylobacter, Helicobacter and Arcobacter species. Based on a preliminary evaluation, one multiplex test was excluded from further evaluation. The various assays differed considerably in sensitivity and specificity towards their target species. For C. coli, 4 of the 5 assays were 100% specific and sensitive, but for C. jejuni, none of the 5 assays were found to be 100% specific or sensitive. Subsequently, a statistically valid sample (n=263) was taken from a Belgian collection of 1906 human Campylobacter field isolates. This second collection was used to further evaluate two selected multiplex PCR assays. The present study indicates that PCR-based identification using each of the two selected multiplex PCR assays was highly reliable. The R-mPCR assay, followed by species-specific PCR assays or the ceu-oxr mPCR assay if necessary, is our current strategy of choice for the molecular identification of C. jejuni and C. coli. Results presented here should aid researchers in selecting a PCR assay suitable for their specific needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies Debruyne
- Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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22
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Production of a monoclonal antibody specific for the major outer membrane protein of Campylobacter jejuni and characterization of the epitope. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 74:833-9. [PMID: 18065632 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01559-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species are important enteric pathogens causing disease in humans and animals. There is a lack of a good immunological test that can be used routinely to separate Campylobacter jejuni from other Campylobacter species. We produced monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of C. jejuni using recombinant MOMP as the antigen. One MAb, designated MAb5C4 and of the immunoglobulin G1 isotype, was found to be potentially specific for C. jejuni. Dot blots demonstrated that MAb5C4 reacted with all 29 isolates of C. jejuni tested but did not react with 2 C. jejuni isolates, 26 other Campylobacter spp. isolates, and 19 non-Campylobacter isolates. Western blotting showed that MAb5C4 bound to a single protein band approximately 43 kDa in size, corresponding to the expected size of C. jejuni MOMP. The detection limit of MAb5C4 in a dot blot assay was determined to be about 5 x 10(3) bacteria. The epitope on the MOMP was mapped to a region six amino acids in length with the sequence 216GGQFNP221, which is 97% conserved among C. jejuni strains but divergent in other Campylobacter spp.; a GenBank search indicated that 95% of C. jejuni isolates will be able to be detected from non-Campylobacter spp. based on the highly specific and conserved region of the GGQFNP polypeptide. The epitope is predicted to be located in a region that is exposed to the periplasm. MAb5C4 is a potentially specific and sensitive MAb that can be used for the specific detection and identification of C. jejuni.
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23
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Niwa H, Asai Y, Yamai S, Itoh K. Discrimination between <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> and <i>C. coli</i> Using a Macrolide and Quinolone Line Probe Assay (MQ-LiPA). Biosci Microflora 2007. [DOI: 10.12938/bifidus.26.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Niwa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yoshio Asai
- Kanagawa Prefectural Public Health Laboratory
| | - Shiro Yamai
- Kanagawa Prefectural Public Health Laboratory
| | - Kikuji Itoh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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24
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Settanni L, Corsetti A. The use of multiplex PCR to detect and differentiate food- and beverage-associated microorganisms: a review. J Microbiol Methods 2006; 69:1-22. [PMID: 17280731 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2006] [Revised: 11/17/2006] [Accepted: 12/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Regarding food safety, rapid detection of microbial species is crucial to develop effective preventive and/or adjustment measures. Classical methods for determining the presence of certain species are time-consuming and labor-intensive, hence, molecular methods, which offer speed, sensitivity and specificity, have been developed to address this problem. Multiplex PCR (MPCR) is widely applied in the various fields of microbiology for the rapid differentiation of microbial species without compromising accuracy. This paper describes the method and reports on the state-of-the-art application of this technique to the identification of microorganisms vehiculated with foods and beverages. The identification of both pathogens and probiotics and the species important for food fermentation or deterioration will be discussed. Applications of MPCR in combination with other techniques are also reviewed. Potentials, pitfalls, limitations and future prospects are summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Settanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Sezione di Microbiologia Agro-Alimentare ed Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Teramo, V. C.R. Lerici 1, 64023 Mosciano Sant' Angelo, Teramo, Italy
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25
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Jensen AN, Dalsgaard A, Baggesen DL, Nielsen EM. The occurrence and characterization of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli in organic pigs and their outdoor environment. Vet Microbiol 2006; 116:96-105. [PMID: 16697127 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 03/03/2006] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence and species distribution of thermophilic Campylobacter was investigated in organic outdoor pigs. An increased exposure of outdoor pigs to C. jejuni from the environment may cause a shift from a normal dominance of C. coli to more C. jejuni, which may imply a concern of reduced food safety. Bacteriological methods for determination of Campylobacter excretion level were combined with colony-blot hybridization and real-time PCR for specific detection of C. jejuni in pigs. Campylobacter was isolated from pigs (n=47), paddock environment (n=126) and wildlife (n=44), identified to species by real-time PCR and sub-typed by serotyping (Penner) and pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotyping. All pigs excreted Campylobacter (10(3)-10(7) CFU g(-1) faeces) from the age of 8-13-weeks old. C. jejuni was found in 29% of pigs in three consecutive trials and always in minority to C. coli (0.3-46%). C. jejuni and C. coli were isolated from 10% and 29% of the environmental samples, respectively, while crow-birds and rats harboured C. jejuni. Individual pigs hosted several strains (up to nine serotypes). The paddock environment was contaminated with C. coli serotypes similar to pig isolates, while most of the C. jejuni serotypes differed. C. jejuni isolates of different origin comprised few similar serotypes, just one identical genotype was common between pigs, environment and birds. In conclusion, the occurrence of C. jejuni varied considerably between the three groups of outdoor pigs. Furthermore, transfer of C. jejuni to the outdoor pigs from the nearby environment was not predominant according to the subtype dissimilarities of the obtained isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Jensen
- Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, Department of Microbiological Food Safety, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark.
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26
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Hill JE, Paccagnella A, Law K, Melito PL, Woodward DL, Price L, Leung AH, Ng LK, Hemmingsen SM, Goh SH. Identification of Campylobacter spp. and discrimination from Helicobacter and Arcobacter spp. by direct sequencing of PCR-amplified cpn60 sequences and comparison to cpnDB, a chaperonin reference sequence database. J Med Microbiol 2006; 55:393-399. [PMID: 16533986 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A robust method for the identification of Campylobacter spp. based on direct sequencing of PCR-amplified partial cpn60 sequences and comparison of these to a reference database of cpn60 sequences is reported. A total of 53 Campylobacter isolates, representing 15 species, were identified and distinguished from phenotypically similar Helicobacter and Arcobacter strains. Pairwise cpn60 sequence identities between Campylobacter spp. ranged from 71 to 92 %, with most between 71 and 79 %, making discrimination of these species obvious. The method described overcomes limitations of existing PCR-based methods, which require time-consuming and complex post-amplification steps such as the cloning of amplification products. The results of this study demonstrate the potential for use of the reference chaperonin sequence database, cpnDB, as a tool for identification of bacterial isolates based on cpn60 sequences amplified with universal primers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet E Hill
- National Research Council Plant Biotechnology Institute, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ana Paccagnella
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, 655W 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Kee Law
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, 655W 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Pasquale L Melito
- Bacteriology and Enteric Diseases Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David L Woodward
- Bacteriology and Enteric Diseases Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lawrence Price
- Bacteriology and Enteric Diseases Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Lai-King Ng
- Bacteriology and Enteric Diseases Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sean M Hemmingsen
- National Research Council Plant Biotechnology Institute, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Swee Han Goh
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, 655W 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4R4, Canada
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27
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Rodrigo S, Adesiyun A, Asgarali Z, Swanston W. Occurrence of selected foodborne pathogens on poultry and poultry giblets from small retail processing operations in Trinidad. J Food Prot 2006; 69:1096-105. [PMID: 16715810 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.5.1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a study to determine quantitatively and qualitatively the presence of Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, staphylococci, total coliforms, total aerobic bacteria, and Salmonella on broiler carcasses from selected small retail processors in Trinidad. We used standard media and procedures for detection and quantification. All carcass and weep samples were positive for aerobic bacteria, E. coli, total coliforms, and staphylococci. Significant differences in the mean counts of aerobic bacteria were observed for samples of carcass (P = 0.001), weep (P = 0.038), and liver and heart (P = 0.017). There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the prevalence of E. coli and Campylobacter for liver and heart samples and gizzard samples across various areas (health divisions) in Trinidad and for Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli for offal samples. The prevalence of Salmonella in carcass, drip, gizzard, and liver and heart samples was 7.3, 3.1, 2.1, and 1.0%, respectively, and three serotypes, Salmonella Kiambu (53.8%), Salmonella Kentucky (38.5%), and Salmonella Mbandaka (7.7%) were isolated. Of the six groups of microbes considered with respect to sale activity, the differences in the prevalence of Campylobacter in medium-activity sale shops (95.8%) and low-activity sale shops (83.3%) and the mean counts of staphylococci for medium-activity sale shops (5.5 +/- 0.9) and low-activity sale shops (5.1 +/- 0.8) were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Carcasses rinsed in a stagnant system had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) prevalence (92.3%) and mean count per milliliter (3.1 +/- 0.7) for Campylobacter compared with 77.8% and 2.7 +/- 0.7 for shops that rinsed with constantly running water. The frequency of rinse water change significantly (P = 0.04) affected the prevalence of Salmonella on carcasses. It is recommended that a quality control system be introduced for these shops, particularly with respect to evisceration and rinsing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Rodrigo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
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28
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Kos VN, Gibreel A, Keelan M, Taylor DE. Species identification of erythromycin-resistant Campylobacter isolates and optimization of a duplex PCR for rapid detection. Res Microbiol 2006; 157:503-7. [PMID: 16500085 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2005.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2005] [Revised: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 12/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the approach used to verify the species identity of 23 erythromycin-resistant Campylobacter isolates whose identity was initially determined based mainly on the results of the rapid hippurate hydrolysis test or the results of the API-Campy identification system. Species identification of the isolates investigated was confirmed by repeating hippurate hydrolysis using a modification of the rapid hydrolysis test, in addition to performing three genetic-based assays. The original identification was verified in 69.6% of the isolates. The remaining isolates showed discrepancies in identity as determined by results of the identification assays performed. A duplex PCR assay, targeting the hipO and aspA genes, indicated the existence of mixed cultures of C. jejuni and C. coli in the frozen stocks of two of these isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica N Kos
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 1-41 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
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29
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Persson S, Olsen KE. Multiplex PCR for identification of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni from pure cultures and directly on stool samples. J Med Microbiol 2005; 54:1043-1047. [PMID: 16192435 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiplex-PCR method, specifically designed for application in routine diagnostic laboratories, was developed for the detection ofCampylobacter coliandCampylobacter jejuni. Primers were directed towards the following loci: the hippuricase gene (hipO) characteristic ofC. jejuni, a sequence partly covering an aspartokinase gene characteristic ofC. coli, and a universal 16S rDNA gene sequence serving as an internal positive control for the PCR. The method was tested on 47C. colistrains and 88C. jejunistrains, and found to be almost 100 % in concordance with biochemical analyses (all except for oneC. colistrain), regardless of whether the DNA was prepared from colonies by a simple boiling procedure or by DNeasy Tissue Kit. Pure cultures ofC. coliandC. jejuniwere identified at 10–100 cells per PCR. When the multiplex-PCR method was used on spiked human stool samples, both strains were identified at 105cells per ml stool. This sensitivity limit was the same whether the DNA was purified by the method of KingFisher mL or QIAamp DNA Stool Kit. When the same spiked stools were grown on modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) plates before PCR, the sensitivity was 100 cells per ml stool, indicating that culturing of campylobacters on mCCDA plates is superior to direct DNA extraction at least when fresh stool samples are analysed by PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Persson
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Parasitology, National Reference Laboratory for Enteropathogenic Bacteria, Unit of Gastrointestinal Infections, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, Building 37B, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Katharina Ep Olsen
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Parasitology, National Reference Laboratory for Enteropathogenic Bacteria, Unit of Gastrointestinal Infections, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, Building 37B, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
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30
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Ménard A, Dachet F, Prouzet-Mauleon V, Oleastro M, Mégraud F. Development of a real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer PCR to identify the main pathogenic Campylobacter spp. Clin Microbiol Infect 2005; 11:281-7. [PMID: 15760424 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01072.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A simple real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) PCR, targeting the gyrA gene outside the quinolone resistance-determining region, was developed to identify Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. These species were distinguished easily, as the corresponding melting points showed a difference of 15 degrees C. A second assay using the same biprobe and PCR conditions, but different PCR primers, was also developed to identify the less frequently encountered Campylobacter fetus. These assays were applied to 807 Campylobacter isolates from clinical specimens. Compared to phenotypic identification tests, the FRET assay yielded the same results for all except three of the isolates. Analysis by standard PCR and 16S rDNA sequencing demonstrated that two of these isolates were hippurate-negative C. jejuni strains, resulting in an erroneous phenotypic identification, while the third was an isolate of C. coli that contained a gyrA gene typical of C. jejuni, resulting in misidentification by the FRET assay. The FRET assay identified more isolates than standard PCR, which failed to yield amplification products with c. 10% of isolates. It was concluded that the FRET assays were rapid, reliable, reproducible and relatively cost-efficient, as they require only one biprobe and can be performed directly on boiled isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ménard
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, France.
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31
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Jensen AN, Andersen MT, Dalsgaard A, Baggesen DL, Nielsen EM. Development of real-time PCR and hybridization methods for detection and identification of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in pig faecal samples. J Appl Microbiol 2005; 99:292-300. [PMID: 16033460 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02616.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To develop a real-time (rt) PCR for species differentiation of thermophilic Campylobacter and to develop a method for assessing co-colonization of pigs by Campylobacter spp. METHODS AND RESULTS The specificity of a developed 5' nuclease rt-PCR for species-specific identification of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter lari, Campylobacter upsaliensis and of a hipO gene nucleotide probe for detection of C. jejuni by colony-blot hybridization were determined by testing a total of 75 reference strains of Campylobacter spp. and related organisms. The rt-PCR method allowed species-specific detection of Campylobacter spp. in naturally infected pig faecal samples after an enrichment step, whereas the hybridization approach enhanced the specific isolation of C. jejuni (present in minority to C. coli) from pigs. CONCLUSIONS The rt-PCR was specific for Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. upsaliensis and the colony-blot hybridization approach provided an effective tool for isolation of C. jejuni from pig faecal samples typically dominated by C. coli. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Species differentiation between thermophilic Campylobacter is difficult by phenotypic methods and the developed rt-PCR provides an easy and fast method for such differentiation. Detection of C. jejuni by colony hybridization may increase the isolation rate of this species from pig faeces.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Jensen
- Department of Microbiological Food Safety, Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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32
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Siemer BL, Nielsen EM, On SLW. Identification and molecular epidemiology of Campylobacter coli isolates from human gastroenteritis, food, and animal sources by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis and Penner serotyping. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:1953-8. [PMID: 15812025 PMCID: PMC1082514 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.4.1953-1958.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter coli is an infrequently studied but important food-borne pathogen with a wide natural distribution. We investigated its molecular epidemiology by use of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)-based genotyping and Penner serotyping. Serotype reference strains and 177 Danish isolates of diverse origin identified by routine phenotyping as C. coli were examined. Molecular tools identified some 12% of field isolates as Campylobacter jejuni, emphasizing the need for improved identification methods in routine laboratories. Cluster analysis of AFLP profiles of 174 confirmed C. coli isolates revealed a difference in the distribution of isolates from pig and poultry (chicken, duck, turkey, and ostrich) species and indicated the various poultry species, but not pigs, to be likely sources of human C. coli infection. A poor correlation was observed between serotyping and AFLP profiling, suggesting that the former method has limited value in epidemiological studies of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Siemer
- Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark
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33
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Dassanayake RP, Zhou Y, Hinkley S, Stryker CJ, Plauche G, Borda JT, Sestak K, Duhamel GE. Characterization of cytolethal distending toxin of campylobacter species isolated from captive macaque monkeys. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:641-9. [PMID: 15695658 PMCID: PMC548078 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.2.641-649.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An association between certain Campylobacter species and enterocolitis in humans and nonhuman primates is well established, but the association between cytolethal distending toxin and disease is incompletely understood. The purpose of the present study was to examine Campylobacter species isolated from captive conventionally raised macaque monkeys for the presence of the cdtB gene and for cytolethal distending toxin activity. The identity of each isolate was confirmed on the basis of phenotypic and genotypic analyses. The presence of cytolethal distending toxin was confirmed on the basis of characteristic morphological changes in HeLa cells incubated with filter-sterilized whole-cell lysates of reference and monkey Campylobacter isolates and examinations by light microscopy, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry. Although cdtB gene sequences were found in both Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, the production of cytolethal distending toxin correlated positively (P < 0.0001) only with C. jejuni. We concluded that cytolethal distending toxin activity is a characteristic of C. jejuni. Our C. jejuni cdtB gene-specific PCR assay might be of assistance for differentiating toxigenic C. jejuni from C. coli in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohana P Dassanayake
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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Ciantar M, Newman HN, Wilson M, Spratt DA. Molecular identification of Capnocytophaga spp. via 16S rRNA PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:1894-901. [PMID: 15815015 PMCID: PMC1081330 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.4.1894-1901.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Capnocytophaga spp. have been implicated as putative periodontal pathogens associated with various periodontal diseases. Although the genus is known to contain five human oral isolates, accurate identification to species level of these organisms recovered from subgingival plaque has been hampered by the lack of a reliable method. Hence, most studies to date have reported these isolates as Capnocytophaga spp. Previous attempts at identification were based on biochemical tests; however, the results were inconclusive. Considering the differing virulence features of the respective isolates, it is crucial to identify these isolates to species level. The universal and conservative nature of the 16S rRNA gene has provided an accurate method for bacterial identification. The aim of this study was to identify Capnocytophaga spp. via restriction enzyme analysis of this gene (16S rRNA PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism). The results (backed up by 16S rRNA gene sequencing) showed that this method reliably identifies all named Capnocytophaga spp. to species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilou Ciantar
- Division of Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, UCL, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK
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35
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Nayak R, Stewart TM, Nawaz MS. PCR identification of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni by partial sequencing of virulence genes. Mol Cell Probes 2005; 19:187-93. [PMID: 15797819 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2004.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2004] [Accepted: 11/08/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to utilize a multiplex PCR assay for concurrent detection of Campylobacter spp. and C. coli or C. jejuni, using probes derived from genes cadF and ceuE and an undefined virulence gene. A total of 97 Campylobacter strains, isolated from turkey litter (n=74), chicken livers (n=15) and clinical (n=8) samples, were speciated using the PCR-based assay. PCR amplification of the isolates identified a 400-bp cadF gene, conserved in Campylobacter species, an 894-bp ceuE gene, specific for C. coli, and a 160-bp oxidoreductase gene, specific for C. jejuni. The approximately 35 kDa cadF adhesion proteins allow Campylobacter to bind to the intestinal epithelial cells and the 37 kDa ceuE lipoproteins are involved in siderophore transport. Sequencing of the 160-bp undefined gene yielded a 67% protein identical match with a gene encoding an oxidoreductase subunit in C. jejuni. The specificity of the assay was validated on 36 non-Campylobacter strains (11 Gram-positive and 25 Gram-negative bacteria). The PCR assay identified 59% of turkey and 47% of chicken isolates as C. jejuni, and 41% of turkey and 53% of chicken isolates as C. coli. All human isolates were identified as C. jejuni. The specificity of this assay to detect C. coli or C. jejuni was 97%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Nayak
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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36
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Kärenlampi RI, Tolvanen TP, Hänninen ML. Phylogenetic analysis and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism identification of Campylobacter species based on partial groEL gene sequences. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 42:5731-8. [PMID: 15583306 PMCID: PMC535295 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.12.5731-5738.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylogeny of 12 Campylobacter species and reference strains of Arcobacter butzleri and Helicobacter pylori was studied based on partial 593-bp groEL gene sequences. The topology of the phylogenetic neighbor-joining tree based on the groEL gene was similar to that of the tree based on the 16S rRNA gene. However, groEL was found to provide a better resolution for Campylobacter species, with lower interspecies sequence similarities (range, 65 to 94%) compared with those for the 16S rRNA gene (range, 90 to 99%) and high intraspecies sequence similarities (range, 95 to 100%; average, 99%). A new universal reverse primer that amplifies a 517-bp fragment of the groEL gene was developed and used for PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of 68 strains representing 11 Campylobacter species as well as reference strains of A. butzlerii and H. pylori. Digestion with the AluI enzyme discriminated all Campylobacter species included in the study but showed more intraspecies diversity than digestion with the ApoI enzyme. A hippurate-negative variant of Campylobacter jejuni with a high level of groEL sequence similarity to both C. jejuni (96%) and C. coli (94%) gave a unique AluI profile and an ApoI profile identical to those of other C. jejuni strains. In conclusion, groEL gene sequencing and PCR-RFLP analysis are recommended as valuable tools for the identification of Campylobacter species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Kärenlampi
- Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 66, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Manfreda G, De Cesare A, Bondioli V, Franchini A. Ribotyping characterisation of campylobacter isolates randomly collected from different sources in Italy. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2004; 47:385-92. [PMID: 14522511 DOI: 10.1016/s0732-8893(03)00117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study the potential for using the automated PstI ribotyping as a primary library typing method to survey Campylobacter and for identification of two thermophilic Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli species was evaluated. A total of 158 isolates randomly collected in Italy from different sources were analyzed. A large percentage of chicken (28%), turkey (27%) and turkey meat (25%) isolates shared their ribotyping profiles (ribotypes) with those of humans, whereas the swine isolates had unique profiles. The identification results obtained by ribotyping corresponded to those collected by using a multiplex PCR protocol specifically designed for C. jejuni and C. coli detection. The comparison of the PstI ribotyping profiles obtained in this research with those of the isolates collected over time will facilitate determining the ribotypes that are more frequently transmitted to humans in comparison to those that are normally harboured only in animals, foods and in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Manfreda
- Department of Food Science, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 9, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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38
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Wainø M, Bang DD, Lund M, Nordentoft S, Andersen JS, Pedersen K, Madsen M. Identification of campylobacteria isolated from Danish broilers by phenotypic tests and species-specific PCR assays. J Appl Microbiol 2003; 95:649-55. [PMID: 12969276 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To validate a phenotypic Campylobacter species identification method employed to identify campylobacters in broilers by comparison with campylobacterial species identification using various species-specific PCR analyses. METHODS AND RESULTS From a collection of 2733 phenotypically identified campylobacterial cultures, 108 Campylobacter jejuni cultures and 351 campylobacterial cultures other than Camp. jejuni were subjected to various species-specific PCR assays. On the basis of the genotypic tests, it was demonstrated that Camp. jejuni and Camp. coli constituted approx. 99% of all cultures, while other species identified were Helicobacter pullorum, Camp. lari and Camp. upsaliensis. However, 29% of the 309 Camp. coli cultures identified by phenotypic tests were hippurate-variable or negative Camp. jejuni cultures, whereas some Camp. lari cultures and unspeciated campylobacter cultures belonged to H. pullorum. It was also notable that 2-6% of the cultures were, in fact, mixed cultures. CONCLUSIONS The phenotypic identification scheme employed failed to appropriately differentiate Campylobacter species and particularly to identify the closely related species, H. pullorum. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Future phenotypic test schemes should be designed to allow a more accurate differentiation of Campylobacter and related species. Preferably, the phenotypic tests should be supplemented with a genotypic strategy to disclose the true campylobacterial species diversity in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wainø
- Department of Poultry, Fish and Fur Animals, Danish Veterinary Institute, Arhus N, Denmark.
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Volokhov D, Chizhikov V, Chumakov K, Rasooly A. Microarray-based identification of thermophilic Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. upsaliensis. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:4071-80. [PMID: 12958228 PMCID: PMC193862 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.9.4071-4080.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA microarrays are an excellent potential tool for clinical microbiology, since this technology allows relatively rapid identification and characterization of microbial and viral pathogens. In the present study, an oligonucleotide microarray was developed and used for the analysis of thermophilic Campylobacter spp., the primary food-borne pathogen in the United States. We analyzed four Campylobacter species: Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. upsaliensis. Our assay relies on the PCR amplification of specific regions in five target genes (fur, glyA, cdtABC, ceuB-C, and fliY) as a first step, followed by microarray-based analysis of amplified DNAs. Alleles of two genes, fur and glyA, which are found in all tested thermophilic Campylobacter spp., were used for identification and discrimination among four bacterial species, the ceuB-C gene was used for discrimination between C. jejuni and C. coli, and the fliY and cdt genes were used as additional genetic markers specific either for C. upsaliensis and C. lari or for C. jejuni. The array was developed and validated by using 51 previously characterized Campylobacter isolates. All isolates were unambiguously identified on the basis of hybridization patterns with 72 individual species-specific oligoprobes. Microarray identification of C. jejuni and C. coli was confirmed by PCR amplification of other genes used for identification (hipO and ask). Our results demonstrate that oligonucleotide microarrays are suitable for rapid and accurate simultaneous differentiation among C. jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. upsaliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Volokhov
- FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
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40
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Sails AD, Swaminathan B, Fields PI. Clonal complexes of Campylobacter jejuni identified by multilocus sequence typing correlate with strain associations identified by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:4058-67. [PMID: 12958226 PMCID: PMC193858 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.9.4058-4067.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with SmaI were used to subtype 55 isolates of Campylobacter jejuni from a diverse range of human and animal sources previously characterized by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE). MEE and MLST targeted 11 and 7 loci, respectively, and all loci were unique to each method. MEE, MLST, and PFGE identified 40, 37, and 48 discrete subtypes, respectively, with many of the subtypes occurring only once within the data set. Simpson's indices of diversity were calculated to be 0.979, 0.966, and 0.994 for MEE, MLST, and PFGE, respectively, demonstrating that MEE and MLST had similar discriminatory powers but that PFGE was more discriminatory. Allele diversity was higher in the MLST loci; individual single-locus diversities for the 11 MEE loci and the 7 MLST loci were 0.491 and 0.854, respectively. The clonal complexes recognized by MLST correlated with the strain associations previously recognized by MEE and contained some isolates indistinguishable by PFGE. Many clusters contained isolates from diverse geographical regions and from both humans and animals. These results demonstrate the usefulness of MLST for investigation of the global epidemiology of this important pathogen and illustrate its potential to identify indistinguishable strains or clones in geographically distinct regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Sails
- Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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41
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Cheng Z, Griffiths MW. Rapid detection of Campylobacter jejuni in chicken rinse water by melting-peak analysis of amplicons in real-time polymerase chain reaction. J Food Prot 2003; 66:1343-52. [PMID: 12929818 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-66.8.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Five DNA extraction protocols for the detection of Campylobacter spp. by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were compared. A method involving Triton X-100 produced template DNA of sufficient quality to allow the detection of Campylobacter jejuni at levels of 100 CFU/ml in pure culture. Primers were designed on the basis of the cadF gene sequence. With a SYBR Green I real-time PCR assay, these primers amplified only sequences present in C. jejuni to produce a product with a melting temperature of 81.5 degrees C. None of the strains of Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter lari, or Campylobacter fetus tested produced this product during the PCR assay. Other noncampylobacter species tested were shown not to possess the cadF sequence. The real-time PCR combined with a rapid, simple Triton X-100 DNA extraction protocol made it possible to detect < 10 CFU of C. jejuni per ml of chicken rinse within 14 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Cheng
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 43 McGilvray Street, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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42
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On SLW, Jordan PJ. Evaluation of 11 PCR assays for species-level identification of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:330-6. [PMID: 12517869 PMCID: PMC149560 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.1.330-336.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2002] [Revised: 07/15/2002] [Accepted: 10/22/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the sensitivity and specificity of 11 PCR assays described for the species identification of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli by using 111 type, reference, and field strains of C. jejuni, C. coli, and Campylobacter lari. For six assays, an additional 21 type strains representing related Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter species were also included. PCR tests were initially established in the laboratory by optimizing conditions with respect to five type and reference strains of C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari. One PCR test for C. coli failed to give appropriate results during this initial setup phase and was not evaluated further. The remaining 10 assays were used to examine heated lysate and purified DNA templates as appropriate of well-characterized type, reference, and field strains of C. jejuni (n = 62), C. coli (n = 34), and C. lari (n = 15). The tests varied considerably in their sensitivity and specificity for their respective target species. No assay was found to be 100% sensitive and/or specific for all C. jejuni strains tested, but four assays for C. coli gave appropriate responses for all strains examined. Between one and six strains of C. jejuni gave amplicons in four of seven C. jejuni PCR tests only where purified DNA was used as the template; corresponding results were seen with one strain of C. coli in each of three assays for the latter species. Our findings indicate that a polyphasic strategy for PCR-based identification should be used to identify C. jejuni and C. coli strains. The data may assist laboratories in selecting assays suited for their needs and in designing evaluations of future PCR tests aimed to identify these species.
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Burnett TA, A Hornitzky M, Kuhnert P, Djordjevic SP. Speciating Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from poultry and humans using six PCR-based assays. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2002; 216:201-9. [PMID: 12435503 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11436.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Six previously published polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays each targeting different genes were used to speciate 116 isolates previously identified as Campylobacter jejuni using routine microbiological techniques. Of the 116 isolates, 84 were of poultry origin and 32 of human origin. The six PCR assays confirmed the species identities of 31 of 32 (97%) human isolates and 56 of 84 (67%) poultry isolates as C. jejuni. Twenty eight of 84 (33%) poultry isolates were identified as Campylobacter coli and the remaining human isolate was tentatively identified as Campylobacter upsaliensis based on the degree of similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Four of six published PCR assays showed 100% concordance in their ability to speciate 113 of the 116 (97.4%) isolates; two assays failed to generate a PCR product with four to 10 isolates. A C. coli-specific PCR identified all 28 hippuricase gene (hipO)-negative poultry isolates as C. coli although three isolates confirmed to be C. jejuni by the remaining five assays were also positive in this assay. A PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay based on the 16S rRNA gene was developed, which contrary to the results of the six PCR-based assays, identified 28 of 29 hipO-negative isolates as C. jejuni. DNA sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes from four hipO-negative poultry isolates showed they were almost identical to the C. jejuni type strain 16S rRNA sequences ATCC43431 and ATCC33560 indicating that assays reliant on 16S rRNA sequence may not be suitable for the differentiation of these two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A Burnett
- NSW Agriculture, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, PMB 8, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
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Werno AM, Klena JD, Shaw GM, Murdoch DR. Fatal case of Campylobacter lari prosthetic joint infection and bacteremia in an immunocompetent patient. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:1053-5. [PMID: 11880437 PMCID: PMC120280 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.3.1053-1055.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter lari is an infrequent cause of intestinal and extraintestinal infection in humans. We report a case of C. lari prosthetic joint infection and bacteremia in an 81-year-old immunocompetent man. The infection was associated with septic shock and fatal outcome. C. lari may cause severe disease, even in an immunocompetent host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja M Werno
- Department of Microbiology, Canterbury Health Laboratory, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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45
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Cloak OM, Fratamico PM. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from a swine processing facility and characterization of isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and antibiotic resistance profiles. J Food Prot 2002; 65:266-73. [PMID: 11848556 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-65.2.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed for the detection and speciation of 60 Campylobacter strains isolated from porcine rectal swabs and from different areas in a pork processing plant. The PCR assay was based on primers specific for the cadF gene of pathogenic Campylobacter species, a specific but undefined gene of Campylobacter jejuni, and the ceuE gene of Campylobacter coli. Further characterization of these isolates was established by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analyses with the restriction endonuclease SmaI. In addition to molecular discrimination, the antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates were examined by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method with 22 antibiotics. Differentiation of isolates by multiplex PCR identified 86.9% (52 of 60) as C. coli and 13.1% (8 of 60) as C. jejuni. Using the Molecular Analyst software, 60 PFGE types were identified. The percentages of relatedness among C. jejuni strains with PFGE ranged from 25 to 86%, while those among C. coli strains ranged from 34 to 99%. Among the 60 PFGE types, each of 12 C. coli isolates showed > or =90% similarity to one other isolate. The antibiotic resistance profiles of all 60 isolates were distinct. Analyses of antibiotic resistance profiles showed that all isolates were resistant to five or more antibiotics. Twenty-five percent (2 of 8) of C. jejuni isolates and 15% (8 of 52) of C. coli isolates were resistant to at least one of the three fluoroquinolones tested, antibiotics that are commonly used in the treatment of human Campylobacter infections. Three percent (2 of 60) of Campylobacter isolates examined were resistant to all three fluoroquinolones. On the basis of the PFGE and antibiotic resistance profiles, each of the 60 isolates was distinct, suggesting that C. jejuni and C. coli strains originating from diverse sources were present in porcine samples and in the pork processing plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orla M Cloak
- Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA
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46
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Houng HS, Sethabutr O, Nirdnoy W, Katz DE, Pang LW. Development of a ceuE-based multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for direct detection and differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Thailand. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2001; 40:11-9. [PMID: 11448558 DOI: 10.1016/s0732-8893(01)00251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel ceuE-based multiplex PCR system was developed as an efficient diagnostics test to detect and differentiate C. jejuni and C. coli. There is no cross reactivity between C. jejuni and C. coli. In addition, the assay does not produce a positive signal from other enteric bacteria including Salmonella, Shigella and Escherichia coli strains. Campylobacter detection sensitivity was determined to be equivalent to previously reported PCR for other enteric bacteria. We also noticed that silicon dioxide extraction can improve Campylobacter detection sensitivity from infected stool samples. It was demonstrated that the PCR assay developed in this study had a much better Campylobacter detection rate than the traditional culturing method (77% versus 56%). However, we also identified small numbers of culture positive stools (8%, or 16 out of 202 samples) that did not yield PCR positive results for Campylobacter. These PCR negative/culture positive stools were proven to be inhibitory to PCR amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Houng
- Department of Enteric Infections, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910-7500, USA
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47
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Steinhauserova I, Ceskova J, Fojtikova K, Obrovska I. Identification of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. by phenotypic and molecular methods. J Appl Microbiol 2001; 90:470-5. [PMID: 11298244 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01267.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The differences between phenotyping and genotyping (polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism) of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter lari and Campylobacter upsaliensis were assessed. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 51, 63 and 88 strains from dogs, pigs and humans, respectively, were examined. The strains were first typed by biochemical methods, then by PCR-RFLP using AluI and Tsp509I. None of the strains were typed as Camp. lari by the PCR-RFLP. The biggest differences were found in the identification of Camp. jejuni and Camp. coli. The main discrepancies were caused with the hippurate hydrolysis test and sensitivity to cephalothin and nalidixic acid. Strains which were identified biochemically as Camp. coli and by digestion with AluI as Camp. jejuni (eight strains) were tested for the presence of the hippuricase gene. CONCLUSION The PCR typing results showed the presence of the hippuricase gene as unique to Camp. jejuni. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY A reliable identification of Campylobacter spp. should be supplemented with a molecular method.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Steinhauserova
- Department of Meat Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic.
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48
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Chuma T, Hashimoto S, Okamoto K. Detection of thermophilic Campylobacter from sparrows by multiplex PCR: the role of sparrows as a source of contamination of broilers with Campylobacter. J Vet Med Sci 2000; 62:1291-5. [PMID: 11193345 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.62.1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The best combination of primers and the annealing temperature of multiplex PCR for Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter lari were examined. The multiplex PCR was able to detect type strains of the three species. All results of identification of wild strains (30 strains of C. jejuni, 20 strains of C. coli, and 4 strains of C. lari) by the multiplex PCR coincided with those of the conventional biochemical identification tests, suggesting that the multiplex PCR can simultaneously differentiate C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari from wild strains of campylobacters easily and rapidly. Campylobacters were detected from sparrow feces by the multiplex PCR and antimicrobial sensitivities of the strains were determined to discuss the role of sparrows in contamination of broilers with C. jejuni. Three out of 13 strains of C. jejuni isolated from sparrow feces showed quinolone resistance. From the frequent use of quinolones for treatment of industrial animals like chickens, pigs, and cows, the three strains of quinolone-resistant C. jejuni in sparrows must have been originated from those industrial animals. Sparrows that have quinolone-resistant C. jejuni were considered to have contacted with industrial animals or thier feed. It may be presumed, on the contrary, that C. jejuni in sparrows could be a potential source of contamination of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chuma
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Japan
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49
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Lucey B, Feurer C, Greer P, Moloney P, Cryan B, Fanning S. Antimicrobial resistance profiling and DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF) of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in human, poultry and porcine samples from the Cork region of Ireland. J Appl Microbiol 2000; 89:727-34. [PMID: 11119145 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.01153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (R) typing and DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF) of a random collection of 84 Irish thermophilic Campylobacter isolates is described. The collection included human, veterinary (porcine) and poultry isolates cultured between 1996 and 1998 in the Cork region of Ireland. Biochemical and molecular methods were used to identify Campylobacter jejuni and Camp. coli. Many of these isolates were simultaneously resistant to several common antimicrobial agents. In particular, resistance to ampicillin, spectinomycin, sulphafurazole and tetracycline was common. A total of 74 DAF profiles was identified among the study collection, showing a high degree of diversity. Dendrogram analysis of the DNA patterns identified three main clusters at the 50% similarity level, which included two clusters of Camp. coli and a third containing a mixture of Camp. jejuni and Camp. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lucey
- Molecular Diagnostics Unit, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Ireland
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50
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Al Rashid ST, Dakuna I, Louie H, Ng D, Vandamme P, Johnson W, Chan VL. Identification of Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, C. upsaliensis, arcobacter butzleri, and A. butzleri-like species based on the glyA gene. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:1488-94. [PMID: 10747131 PMCID: PMC86472 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.4.1488-1494.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the detection and identification of Campylobacter and Arcobacter species remains arduous, largely due to cross-species phenotypic similarities and a relatively narrow spectrum of biochemical reactivity. We have developed a PCR-hybridization strategy, wherein degenerate primers are used to amplify glyA fragments from samples, which are then subjected to species-specific oligodeoxyribonucleotide probe hybridizations, to identify and distinguish between Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, C. upsaliensis, Arcobacter butzleri, and an A. butzleri-like species. Evaluation of this strategy with genomic DNA from different type strains suggests that this approach is both specific and sensitive and thus may be applicable in a diagnostic assay to identify and differentiate these highly related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Al Rashid
- Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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