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Volkow P, Chávez-Chávez TG, García-Pineda B, Velázquez-Acosta C, Carpio-Guadarrama D, Vilar-Compte D, Ibanes-Gutiérrez C. Pseudomonas fluorescens CRBSI outbreak: complying with the standardization of invasive procedures is a step ahead in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2024; 13:40. [PMID: 38605403 PMCID: PMC11010412 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-024-01390-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In the healthcare sector, the implementation of standardized procedures, such as those commonly employed in franchises to ensure consistent quality, remains underprioritized. Within this framework, we focus on the importance of standardized central venous catheter (CVC) insertion procedures to prevent healthcare-associated outbreaks. While antimicrobial resistance (AMR) may still not be the most prevalent problem in some institutions, its increasing significance certainly underlines the urgency of infection prevention.We aim to highlight this issue by describing and discussing an outbreak scenario of carbapenem-resistant (CR) Pseudomonas fluorescens bloodstream infections resulting from a deviation from the standardized CVC insertion procedure. This outbreak led to six episodes of catheter related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in patients with hematologic malignancies, delaying their primary treatment. Nineteen patients were exposed, leading to an attack rate of 31.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Volkow
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Tania Guadalupe Chávez-Chávez
- Infection Prevention and Control Team, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Bertha García-Pineda
- Infection Prevention and Control Team, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Velázquez-Acosta
- Microbiology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Daniel Carpio-Guadarrama
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Diana Vilar-Compte
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Cyntia Ibanes-Gutiérrez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico.
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Ishii H, Kushima H, Koide Y, Kinoshita Y. Pseudomonas fluorescens pneumonia. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 140:92-94. [PMID: 38218379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens) is not generally considered a bacterial pathogen in humans; however, multiple culture-based and culture-independent studies have identified it in the indigenous microbiota of multiple body sites. We herein report a rare case of pneumonia caused by P. fluorescens. A man in his 80 s with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes mellitus was diagnosed with stage II rectal cancer. He underwent laparoscopic surgery, and on the 6th postoperative day, he developed a high fever. Chest computed tomography revealed infiltration in the left lower lung. Gram staining of the sputum showed Gram-negative rods phagocytosed by neutrophils, suggesting postoperative nosocomial pneumonia. The patient was started on tazobactam/piperacillin, and his pneumonia quickly improved. Later, only P. fluorescens was detected in a sputum culture. It was susceptible to common antipseudomonal agents. Gram staining of P. fluorescens appears to show a slightly thicker and larger morphology in comparison to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Although there have been reports of opportunistic infections caused by P. fluorescens in immunosuppressed patients, including those with advanced cancer, most have been bloodstream infections, with very few reports of pneumonia alone. Clinicians should be aware that patients, who are not necessarily immunosuppressed, may develop pneumonia caused by P. fluorescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Hisako Kushima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yohei Koide
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kinoshita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Fukuoka, Japan
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Pastora AB, O’Toole GA. The regulator FleQ both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally regulates the level of RTX adhesins of Pseudomonas fluorescens. J Bacteriol 2023; 205:e0015223. [PMID: 37655913 PMCID: PMC10521353 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00152-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation by the Gram-negative, Gammaproteobacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens relies on the repeats-in-toxin adhesins LapA and MapA in the cytoplasm, secretion of these adhesins through their respective type 1 secretion systems, and retention at the cell surface. Published work has shown that retention of the adhesins occurs via a post-translational mechanism involving the cyclic-di-GMP receptor LapD and the protease LapG. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that regulate the level of these adhesins. Here, we demonstrate that the master regulator FleQ modulates biofilm formation by both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally regulating LapA and MapA. We find that a ΔfleQ mutant has a biofilm formation defect compared to the wild-type (WT) strain, which is attributed in part to a decrease in LapA and MapA abundance in the cell, despite the ΔfleQ mutant having increased levels of lapA and mapA transcripts compared to the WT strain. Through transposon mutagenesis and subsequent genetic analysis, we found that overstimulation of the Gac/Rsm pathway partially rescues biofilm formation in the ΔfleQ mutant background. Collectively, these findings provide evidence that FleQ regulates biofilm formation by both transcriptionally regulating the expression of the lapA and mapA genes and post-transcriptionally regulating the abundance of LapA and MapA, and that activation of the Gac/Rsm pathway can post-transcriptionally enhance biofilm formation by P. fluorescens. IMPORTANCE Biofilm formation is a highly coordinated process that bacteria undergo to colonize a variety of surfaces. For Pseudomonas fluorescens, biofilm formation requires the production and localization of repeats-in-toxin adhesins to the cell surface. To date, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that regulate biofilm formation by P. fluorescens. Here, we identify FleQ as a key regulator of biofilm formation that modulates both gene expression and abundance of LapA and MapA through both a transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanism. We provide further evidence implicating activation of the Gac/Rsm system in FleQ-dependent regulation of biofilm formation. Together, our findings uncover evidence for a dual mechanism of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the LapA and MapA adhesins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B. Pastora
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - George A. O’Toole
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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Pastora AB, O’Toole GA. The Regulator FleQ Post-Transcriptionally Regulates the Production of RTX Adhesins by Pseudomonas fluorescens. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.09.540025. [PMID: 37214974 PMCID: PMC10197612 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.09.540025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation by the Gram-negative gammaproteobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens relies on the production of the repeat-in-toxin (RTX) adhesins LapA and MapA in the cytoplasm, secretion of these adhesins through their respective type 1 secretion systems, and retention at the cell surface. Published work has shown that retention of the adhesins occurs via a post-translational mechanism involving the cyclic-di-GMP receptor LapD and the protease LapG. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that regulate the production of these adhesins. Here, we demonstrate that the master regulator FleQ modulates biofilm formation by post-transcriptionally regulating the production of LapA and MapA. We find that a Δ fleQ mutant has a biofilm formation defect compared to the WT strain, which is attributed in part to a decrease in LapA and MapA production, despite the Δ fleQ mutant having increased levels of lapA and mapA transcripts compared to the WT strain. Through transposon mutagenesis and subsequent genetic analysis, we found that over-stimulation of the Gac/Rsm pathway partially rescues biofilm formation in the Δ fleQ mutant background. Collectively, these findings provide evidence that FleQ regulates biofilm formation by post-transcriptionally regulating the production of LapA and MapA, and that activation of the Gac/Rsm pathway can enhance biofilm formation by P. fluorescens . Importance Biofilm formation is a highly coordinated process that bacteria undergo to colonize a variety of surfaces. For Pseudomonas fluorescens , biofilm formation requires the production and localization of RTX adhesins to the cell surface. To date, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that regulate biofilm formation by P. fluorescens . Here, we identify FleQ as a key regulator of biofilm formation that modulates the production of LapA and MapA through a post-transcriptional mechanism. We provide further evidence implicating activation of the Gac/Rsm system in FleQ-dependent regulation of biofilm formation. Together, our findings uncover evidence for a mechanism of post-transcriptional regulation of the LapA/MapA adhesins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B. Pastora
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - George A. O’Toole
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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Ioannou P, Alexakis K, Maraki S, Kofteridis DP. Pseudomonas Bacteremia in a Tertiary Hospital and Factors Associated with Mortality. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040670. [PMID: 37107032 PMCID: PMC10135004 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the third most commonly identified cause among gram-negative microorganisms causing bloodstream infection (BSI) and carries a very high mortality, higher than that by other gram-negative pathogens. The aim of the present study was to assess the epidemiological and microbiological characteristics of patients with BSI by Pseudomonas spp. in a tertiary hospital, characterize the resistance rates of different Pseudomonas strains to the most clinically relevant anti-microbials, estimate the mortality rate, and identify factors independently associated with mortality. In total, 540 cultures from 419 patients sent to the microbiology department of the hospital during the 8-year period of the study were positive. Patients had a median age of 66 years, and 262 (62.5%) were male. The blood culture was drawn in the ICU in 201 of the patients (48%). The infection was hospital-acquired in 329 patients (78.5%) and the median hospital day when the blood culture was drawn was 15, with a range of 0 to 267 days. Median duration of stay in the hospital was 36 days, hospital mortality was 44.2% (185 patients), and 30-day mortality was 29.6% (124 patients). The most commonly isolated Pseudomonas species were P. aeruginosa followed by P. putida and P. oryzihabitans. There was a statistically significant reduction of P. aeruginosa isolation relative to non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas species in the post-COVID-19 era. Antimicrobial resistance of P. aeruginosa in clinically relevant antimicrobials with anti-pseudomonal activity was similar before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic with the exception of gentamicin and tobramycin, with P. aeruginosa being more susceptible to these two antimicrobials in the post-COVID-19 era. Rates of multi-drug resistant (MDR), extensively-drug resistant (XDR), and difficult-to-treat (DTR) P. aeruginosa isolation were lower after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, even though a carbapenem-focused antimicrobial stewardship program had been implemented in the meantime. Increased age, ICU-acquisition of BSI, and more days in the hospital when positive blood culture was drawn were positively associated with 30-day mortality of patients with Pseudomonas BSI. The fact that rates of MDR, XDR, and DTR P. aeruginosa isolation were lower late in the study period, with a carbapenem-focused antimicrobial stewardship intervention being implemented in the meantime, further increases the understanding that implementation of antimicrobial stewardship interventions may halt the increase in antimicrobial resistance noted previously.
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Pseudomonas Bacteremia in Children: Clinical and Microbiologic Features and Risk Factors of Mortality: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2023; 42:479-484. [PMID: 36854120 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas bacteremia is most commonly acquired in hospital. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features and antibiotic susceptibility, mortality rate and risk factors of mortality in children with Pseudomonas bacteremia. METHODS A retrospective cohort study that included children 18 years of age or younger admitted to a tertiary hospital with Pseudomonas bacteremia between 2005 and 2020. RESULTS A total of 196 patients with Pseudomonas bacteremia were identified. The proportional rate of Pseudomonas bacteremia was 33.9/100,000 hospital days. Underlying disease was documented in 81.1% of patients, 61% had hemato-oncological disease. Pseudomonas bacteremia was healthcare related in 180 (91.8%) episodes. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas accounted for 16 (8.2%) and difficult-to-treat organism to 3 (1.5%) of all isolates. Thirty-day mortality was reported in 27 (13.8%) patients, all had Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In multivariate regression analysis, the first model showed that younger age [P = 0.038, odds ratio (OR) = 1.095, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.005-1.192] and inappropriate empiric antibiotic treatment (P = 0.004, OR = 3.584, 95% CI: 1.490-8.621) were significantly associated with higher mortality. The second model also showed higher morality in younger age (P = 0.021, OR = 1.114, 95% CI: 1.016-1.221) and MDR isolates (P = 0.001, OR = 9.725, 95% CI: 2.486-38.039). CONCLUSIONS Significant morbidity and mortality due to Pseudomonas bacteremia, but relatively lower mortality than previously published. Although young age, MDR isolates and inappropriate antibiotic treatment have been associated with increased mortality, these factors, especially with low prevalence of MDR isolates, may reflect the baseline mortality rate in vulnerable hosts with continuous contact with healthcare facilities facing such severe infection, and more efforts should be made to emphasize infection control practices to prevent such severe infection.
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Mokhtar MN, Azaharuddin I, Abdullah FH, Izaham A, Abdul Rahman R. A rare case of Pseudomonas putida ventriculitis in intensive care unit: A case report. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1058121. [PMID: 36569164 PMCID: PMC9772044 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1058121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida is a rare pathogen leading to nosocomial and central nervous system infections. Despite having a low virulence and being a rare organism to cause bacteremia, it can evolve into a multidrug-resistant organism and lead to mortality and morbidity in the intensive care setting. A 64-year-old male gardener was presented with extensive acute subarachnoid hemorrhage with intraventricular extension causing hydrocephalus requiring embolization and coiling following a cerebral angiogram, which showed bilateral posterior circulation aneurysm and left anterior circulation aneurysm. External ventricular drain (EVD) was inserted given the worsening hydrocephalus. During his stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), he was becoming more septic and a full septic workup including a cerebral spinal fluid culture taken from the indwelling catheter of the EVD and was found to be positive for a ceftazidime-sensitive strain of P. putida. Following the treatment with intravenous ceftazidime for 1 week and a revision of the EVD on day 32 of admission, he continued to recover well and showed an improvement in his Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and septic parameters. Eventually, he was able to wean off mechanical ventilation. He was discharged from ICU care to the neurosurgical ward with supplemental oxygen on day 42 of admission. It is necessary to be aware of the possibility of nosocomial P. putida infection, especially in patients with indwelling catheters, and to consider the early initiation of appropriate antibiotic regimens once detected as well as strict precautions in hygiene during the management of these patients to avoid further development of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains.
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Silverio MP, Kraychete GB, Rosado AS, Bonelli RR. Pseudomonas fluorescens Complex and Its Intrinsic, Adaptive, and Acquired Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms in Pristine and Human-Impacted Sites. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11080985. [PMID: 35892375 PMCID: PMC9331890 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11080985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas spp. are ubiquitous microorganisms that exhibit intrinsic and acquired resistance to many antimicrobial agents. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most studied species of this genus due to its clinical importance. In contrast, the Pseudomonas fluorescens complex consists of environmental and, in some cases, pathogenic opportunistic microorganisms. The records of antimicrobial-resistant P. fluorescens are quite scattered, which hinders the recognition of patterns. This review compiles published data on antimicrobial resistance in species belonging to the P. fluorescens complex, which were identified through phylogenomic analyses. Additionally, we explored the occurrence of clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes in the genomes of the respective species available in the NCBI database. Isolates were organized into two categories: strains isolated from pristine sites and strains isolated from human-impacted or metal-polluted sites. Our review revealed that many reported resistant phenotypes in this complex might be related to intrinsic features, whereas some of them might be ascribed to adaptive mechanisms such as colistin resistance. Moreover, a few studies reported antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), mainly β-lactamases. In-silico analysis corroborated the low occurrence of transferable resistance mechanisms in this Pseudomonas complex. Both phenotypic and genotypic assays are necessary to gain insights into the evolutionary aspects of antimicrobial resistance in the P. fluorescens complex and the possible role of these ubiquitous species as reservoirs of clinically important and transmissible ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myllena Pereira Silverio
- Laboratório de Ecologia Molecular Microbiana, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Bergiante Kraychete
- Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Soares Rosado
- Laboratório de Ecologia Molecular Microbiana, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raquel Regina Bonelli
- Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
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Chang SP, Jiang HL, Wang YC, Chao HC, Lee JJ, Chung HC, Wang LS, Ding DC. A program to improve the quality of dental unit water in a medical center. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e28019. [PMID: 34964798 PMCID: PMC8615353 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The water quality of dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) is associated with patient safety. No program for DUWL water quality improvement has been formulated since the time they were established 20 years ago. This study provides an improvement program for the quality of dental unit water. The improvement program was implemented step by step: discharge of DUWLs for 5 minutes in the morning before clinical service to flush out the water left in the pipeline overnight; weekly disinfection of the handpiece connector with 75% alcohol and replacement of the old connector when the water quality of the same dental chair unit (DCU) was continuously found to be unqualified; monthly disinfection of the water supply system and pipeline; and establishment of DCU maintenance work standards and staff education and training. From 2016 to 2018, the water quality of 18 DCUs was tested by microorganism culture. The colonies >200 colony forming unit were categorized as unqualified. This program was divided into a pre-test phase, Phase 1, a maintenance phase, and Phase 2. A Chi-square test was used to calculate the difference of unqualified water quality numbers between each phase of the improvement program. In the pre-test phase, the water quality rate (high quality number/high-quality number + low-quality number) was 58.3%. In Phase 1, the quality rate before and after the intervention was 64.8% (35/54) and 92.2% (83/90) (P < .001), respectively. After Phase 1, the quality rate reached 100%. However, the quality rate dropped to 75% during the maintenance phase. Then, we proceeded into Phase 2 of the improvement program by further monthly disinfection to DUWLs. In Phase 2, the quality rate was 62/73 (84.9%) and improved to 142/144 (98.6%) after the intervention (P < .001). The quality rate reached 100% once again and was maintained at 100% thereafter. In conclusion, the 4 steps of the improvement program improved the water quality of the DUWL, which is important for patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ping Chang
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Li Jiang
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Cheng Wang
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Chao
- Department of Laboratory Examination, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Jyh Lee
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Chung
- Department of Nursing, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Shinn Wang
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Ching Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Schito AM, Piatti G, Caviglia D, Zuccari G, Zorzoli A, Marimpietri D, Alfei S. Bactericidal Activity of Non-Cytotoxic Cationic Nanoparticles against Clinically and Environmentally Relevant Pseudomonas spp. Isolates. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1411. [PMID: 34575487 PMCID: PMC8465415 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Difficult-to-treat bacterial infections caused by resistant human and plant pathogens severely afflict hospitals, and concern the agri-food sectors. Bacteria from the Pseudomonadaceae family, such as P. aeruginosa, P. putida, P. fluorescens, and P. straminea, can be responsible for severe nosocomial infections in humans. P. fragi is the major cause of dairy and meat spoilage, while P. syringae can infect a wide range of economically important plant species, including tobacco, kiwi, and tomato. Therefore, a cationic water-soluble lysine dendrimer (G5-PDK) was tested on several species of Pseudomonas genus. Interestingly, G5-PDK demonstrated variable minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), depending on their pigment production, on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.6-> 6.4 µM), MICs = 3.2-6.4 µM on P. putida clinical isolates producing pyoverdine, and very low MICs (0.2-1.6 µM) on strains that produced non-pigmented colonies. Time-kill experiments established the rapid bactericidal activity of G5-PDK. In the cytotoxicity experiments on human keratinocytes, after 4 h of treatment with G5-PDK at concentrations 16-500 × MIC, more than 80% of viable cells were observed, and after 24 h, the selectivity indices were maintained above the maximum value reported as acceptable. Due to its proven bactericidal potency and low cytotoxicity, G5-PDK should be seriously considered to counteract clinically and environmentally relevant Pseudomonas isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, I-16132 Genova, Italy; (A.M.S.); (G.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Gabriella Piatti
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, I-16132 Genova, Italy; (A.M.S.); (G.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Debora Caviglia
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, I-16132 Genova, Italy; (A.M.S.); (G.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Guendalina Zuccari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 16148 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Alessia Zorzoli
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy; (A.Z.); (D.M.)
| | - Danilo Marimpietri
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy; (A.Z.); (D.M.)
| | - Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 16148 Genoa, Italy;
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D'Souza G, Pandian E, Hosea S. A Nearly Fatal Case of Pseudomonas fluorescens Bacteremia Secondary to a Naturopathic Intravenous Vitamin Infusion. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2021; 9:23247096211026481. [PMID: 34291692 PMCID: PMC8312187 DOI: 10.1177/23247096211026481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we report a case of a 52-year-old female with no past medical history who presented with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea following a naturopathic intravenous vitamin infusion that was administered in her home. She was found to have Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteremia, which is not commonly found in humans. We discuss when to suspect contamination, choosing the proper antibacterial regimen, and the potential risks of naturopathic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen Hosea
- Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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Liu X, Xiang L, Yin Y, Li H, Ma D, Qu Y. Pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas fluorescens: a case report. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:212. [PMID: 34225696 PMCID: PMC8259381 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens) has been detected in respiratory samples from patients. However, no previous reports have been published about these P. fluorescens cultures from lung tissues. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we report a case of pneumonia caused by P. fluorescens. P. fluorescens was identified from lung biopsy specimens for the first time in this case. According to the antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) of P. fluorescens, the patient was given ciprofloxacin treatment. The temperature of the patient then returned to normal. Chest CT examination revealed improvements in pulmonary inflammation. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the patients with pneumonia caused by P. fluorescens should be treated in a timely manner according to the AST results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yunhong Yin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Dedong Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yiqing Qu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Ditommaso S, Giacomuzzi M, Ricciardi E, Memoli G, Zotti CM. Colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa of dental unit waterlines and its relationship with other bacteria: suggestions for microbiological monitoring. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2019; 17:532-539. [PMID: 31313992 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2019.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an environmental bacterium, ubiquitous in aquatic habitats and water distribution systems, including dental unit waterlines (DUWLs). We investigated the prevalence of P. aeruginosa in DUWLs from private dental settings. We also analyzed the relationship between P. aeruginosa contamination and the presence of Legionella spp. and total viable count (TVC) in order to suggest a simple and inexpensive protocol to test the quality of water from DUWLs. We detected and quantified P. aeruginosa both by culture and by a PMA (propidium monoazide)-qPCR method. Overall, we detected P. aeruginosa in 17 samples using the PMA-qPCR and in 11 samples using the culture. All culture-positive samples were positive with the PMA-qPCR too, with an agreement between the two methods of 93% and a Cohen's kappa coefficient of κ = 0.747 (good concordance). Comparing results with results of our previous study, we noted that (a) P. aeruginosa was isolated only from DUWLs with high TVC and (b) five out of six Legionella-positive samples were negative for Pseudomonas spp. Our final suggestion is that the cleanliness of DUWLs should be assessed by TVC because it is a good indicator of the presence of pathogens such as Legionella spp. and P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savina Ditommaso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy E-mail:
| | - Monica Giacomuzzi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy E-mail:
| | - Elisa Ricciardi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy E-mail:
| | - Gabriele Memoli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy E-mail:
| | - Carla M Zotti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy E-mail:
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Ayyal NM, Abbas ZA, Karim AJ, Abbas ZM, Al-Salihi KA, Khalaf JM, Mahmood DD, Mohammed EA, Jumaa RS, Abdul-Majeed DI. Bacterial isolation from internal organs of rats ( Rattus rattus) captured in Baghdad city of Iraq. Vet World 2019; 12:119-125. [PMID: 30936664 PMCID: PMC6431815 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.119-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Rats are accused in disseminating many zoonotic diseases. This study aimed to isolate and identify bacteria from internal organs of rats captured in Baghdad City, Iraq. Materials and Methods A total of 120 black rats (R. rattus) were trapped from different areas in Baghdad city. Rats were kept in individual plastic cages for 3 h before euthanizing. Deep pharyngeal swab, intestinal content, urine, and pieces of the liver and spleen, lung, kidney, and brain were obtained aseptically. The specimens were inoculated into peptone water and incubated at 37°C for 24 h for enrichment. A loopful of each specimen was then subcultured onto MacConkey Agar, Blood Agar, and Mannitol Salt Agar. CHROMagar O157 H7 and CHROMagar Listeria were used to detect Escherichia coli 157:7 and Listeria spp., respectively. Biochemical tests on analytical profile index, microscopic examination, and commercial kit for latex agglutination test for serotyping E. coli O157:H7 were used. Results Mixed bacterial isolates were recorded as 116, 52, 36, 28, 18, 6, and 4 from intestinal contents, deep pharyngeal, liver and spleen, urine, lung, brain, and kidney, respectively. Microorganisms included E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus vulgaris, E. coli O157:H7, Enterobacter cloacae, Listeria spp., Klebsiella spp., Ochrobactrum anthropi, Aeromonas spp., Brucella spp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia fergusonii, Micrococcus spp., Morganella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas luteola, and Streptobacillus spp. The highest bacterial prevalence (88; 73.33%) was recorded for E. coli, where 68 isolates were identified from the intestinal contents. Of these, four isolates were E. coli O157:H7. Conclusion Rats are important carriers and transmitters of a number of pathogens and can disseminate these microorganisms to humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagham Mohammed Ayyal
- Unit of Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Zainab Abdulzahra Abbas
- Unit of Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Abdulkarim Jafar Karim
- Unit of Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Zainab Majid Abbas
- Department of Pathological Analysis, Babylon Technical Institute, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Karima Akool Al-Salihi
- Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Muthanna University, Al-Muthanna, Iraq
| | - Jenan Mahmood Khalaf
- Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Dunya Dhafir Mahmood
- Unit of Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Eman Abdullah Mohammed
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Rawaa Saladdin Jumaa
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Ji XY, Fei CN, Zhang Y, Liu J, Liu H, Song J. Three key factors influencing the bacterial contamination of dental unit waterlines: a 6-year survey from 2012 to 2017. Int Dent J 2018; 69:192-199. [PMID: 30565215 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contaminated output water from dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) is a potential risk to both patients and dental personnel who are frequently exposed to this water or aerosols. AIM The purpose was to evaluate the contamination level and prevalence of bacteria in the output water of DUWLs, and to identify key factors to provide technical support for formulating relevant policies. METHODS We developed a special sampling connector designed for collecting dental handpiece output water and a measurement device to assess retraction of a dental chair unit (DCU). Output water from dental handpieces and air/water syringes were collected as representative of DUWLs. Water samples were tested with reference to China's national standard. FINDINGS From 2012 to 2017, 318 DCUs were randomly selected from 64 hospitals in Tianjin, China. Of these DCUs, 78.93% had no disinfection to prevent DUWL contamination. Three-hundred and forty-three (56.14%) samples complied with the guidelines on DUWL output water. The highest concentration of bacteria was 1.8 × 106 colony-forming units (CFUs)/mL. The three key factors of influence were as follows: daily or weekly disinfection of DUWLs; water supply source being hospital self-made purified water or purchased purified bottled water; and DCU with a valid anti-retraction valve. Potential infectious agents, including Bacillus cereus, Burkholderia cepacia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were isolated. CONCLUSION There was a high rate of contamination in DUWLs. This highlights the need to develop national standards. There is a need to disinfect the DUWLs periodically and use a cleaner source of water; more attention should be paid to the efficacy of DCU anti-retraction valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yue Ji
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Chun-Nan Fei
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
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Draft Genome Sequence of Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain BWKM6, Isolated from Feces of Mareca penelope. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2018; 6:6/12/e00186-18. [PMID: 29567743 PMCID: PMC5864943 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00186-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Migratory birds are potential vehicles of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Here, we isolated the multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas fluorescens strain BWKM6 from the feces of Mareca penelope The strain's draft genome sequence indicates that it harbors a metallo-beta-lactamase, a class C beta-lactamase, and several multidrug efflux pumps.
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17
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Ditommaso S, Giacomuzzi M, Ricciardi E, Garbuio R, Zotti CM. The role of chemical products at low doses in preventing the proliferation of bacteria in dental unit waterlines: the ICX ® experience. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2018; 16:150-158. [PMID: 29424728 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2017.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study we evaluated (1) the efficacy of a protocol that combines hydrogen peroxide (shock treatment) and ICX® tablets (continuous treatment) for the control of microbial contamination in dental unit water lines, and (2) the in vitro antimicrobial activity of ICX® tablets on collection and wild strains isolated from dental chair output waters. To assess the treatment effectiveness, the microbial load in the output water samples of three dental chairs were investigated: one control chair received only shock treatment. In vitro bactericidal activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Data obtained from samples collected from chairs treated with ICX® and shock treatment and data from the control chair did not differ significantly on the basis of microbial load. In the in vitro study, the product was unable to kill Gram-negative bacteria. These results show that the continuous introduction of ICX® was not effective in maintaining low counts of the heterotrophic bacteria in the output water of dental devices, and shock treatment may be needed more frequently than monthly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savina Ditommaso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy E-mail:
| | - Monica Giacomuzzi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy E-mail:
| | - Elisa Ricciardi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy E-mail:
| | - Roberto Garbuio
- Freelance Dentist, Piazza Campidoglio 2, 10036 Settimo Torinese, Italy
| | - Carla M Zotti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy E-mail:
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Longitudinal nosocomial outbreak of Pseudomonas fluorescens bloodstream infection of 2 years' duration in a coronary care unit. Am J Infect Control 2017. [PMID: 28647051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outbreaks of bloodstream infections (BSI) of nonfermenting bacteria are a critical issue and often associated with hospital environments. We experienced a long-lasting outbreak of Pseudomonas fluorescens BSI limited to a coronary care unit (CCU). METHODS We conducted a retrospective epidemiologic investigation and a case-control study for Pseudomonas fluorescens BSI from April 2011-July 2014. Environmental sample culture was conducted to detect the specific environmental source of transmission. RESULTS Hospital-wide microbiology data from the term identified 13 case patients with P fluorescens BSI and 32 control patients with BSI due to organisms other than P fluorescens in the CCU. The case-control study revealed that the case group had significantly higher odds of exposure to only cardiac output (CO) measurement with thermodilution method (odds ratio, 22.0; 95% confidence interval, 2.4-202.3). The organism was identified only from an ice bath used for CO measurement. The susceptibility patterns were identical among all strains derived from the cases and the environment. CONCLUSIONS The nosocomial outbreak of P fluorescens BSI in our CCU over 2 years was associated with a contaminated ice bath used for CO measurement within the unit. Detection and elimination of the specific source was essential to stop the outbreak.
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Tejera D, Limongi G, Bertullo M, Cancela M. Ralstonia pickettii bacteremia in hemodialysis patients: a report of two cases. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva 2017; 28:195-8. [PMID: 27410414 PMCID: PMC4943058 DOI: 10.5935/0103-507x.20160033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ralstonia pickettii is a low-virulence gram-negative bacillus
that may be associated with infections related to health care and may cause
bacteremia. Ralstonia pickettii bacteremia is uncommon but is
related to the contamination of medical products, mainly in immunodepressed
patients. We present two cases of patients on chronic hemodialysis with
Ralstonia pickettii bacteremia linked to contamination of
the dialysis water. Similar cases have been published with links to intravenous
fluid administration, medication ampules, and the use of extracorporeal
oxygenation membranes, among other factors. The detection of Ralstonia
pickettii bacteremia should provoke suspicion and a search for
contaminated medical products, fluids, and/or medications.
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20
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Nishimura T, Hattori K, Inoue A, Ishii T, Yumoto T, Tsukahara K, Nakao A, Ishihara S, Nakayama S. Bacteremia or pseudobacteremia? Review of pseudomonas fluorescens infections. World J Emerg Med 2017; 8:151-154. [PMID: 28458762 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nishimura
- Hyogo Emergency Medical Center, 1-3-1 Wakinohamakaigando-ri, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-0073, Japan
| | - Kenji Hattori
- Hyogo Emergency Medical Center, 1-3-1 Wakinohamakaigando-ri, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-0073, Japan
| | - Akihiko Inoue
- Hyogo Emergency Medical Center, 1-3-1 Wakinohamakaigando-ri, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-0073, Japan
| | - Taiji Ishii
- Hyogo Emergency Medical Center, 1-3-1 Wakinohamakaigando-ri, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-0073, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yumoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama City, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kohei Tsukahara
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama City, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Astunori Nakao
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama City, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishihara
- Hyogo Emergency Medical Center, 1-3-1 Wakinohamakaigando-ri, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-0073, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakayama
- Hyogo Emergency Medical Center, 1-3-1 Wakinohamakaigando-ri, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-0073, Japan
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Gaeta NC, Lima SF, Teixeira AG, Ganda EK, Oikonomou G, Gregory L, Bicalho RC. Deciphering upper respiratory tract microbiota complexity in healthy calves and calves that develop respiratory disease using shotgun metagenomics. J Dairy Sci 2016; 100:1445-1458. [PMID: 27988122 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial disorder responsible for severe economic losses in dairy and feedlot herds. Advances in next-generation sequencing mean that microbial communities in clinical samples, including non-culturable bacteria, can be characterized. Our aim was to evaluate the microbiota of the upper respiratory tract of healthy calves and calves with BRD using whole-genome sequencing (shotgun metagenomics). We performed deep nasopharyngeal swabs on 16 Holstein heifer calves (10 healthy and 6 diagnosed with BRD during the study) at 14 and 28 d of life in 1 dairy herd near Ithaca, New York. Total DNA was extracted, and whole-genome sequencing was performed using the MiSeq Illumina platform (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). Samples included 5 predominant phyla: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Tenericutes. At the genus level, we observed differences between groups for Pseudomonas spp. At the species level, Mannheimia haemolytica was the most abundant bacterium detected. We detected significant differences between groups of calves in the relative abundance of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Pasteurella multocida was among the 20 most abundant species, and Moraxella catarrhalis, commonly associated with pneumonia in humans, was detected in all groups. Analysis of resistance to antibiotics and compounds profiling revealed differences in cobalt-zinc-cadmium resistance. Further research to elucidate the role of Moraxella catarrhalis in BRD is warranted. Genes that were resistant to cobalt-zinc-cadmium, observed mostly in calves with BRD, might be associated with difficulties in antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália C Gaeta
- Department of Medical Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05508-270
| | - Svetlana F Lima
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, NY
| | - Andre G Teixeira
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, NY
| | - Erika K Ganda
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, NY
| | - Georgios Oikonomou
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - Lilian Gregory
- Department of Medical Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05508-270
| | - Rodrigo C Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, NY.
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Ji XY, Fei CN, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Liu J, Dong J. Evaluation of bacterial contamination of dental unit waterlines and use of a newly designed measurement device to assess retraction of a dental chair unit. Int Dent J 2016; 66:208-14. [PMID: 27000421 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental unit waterline (DUWL) output water is delivered through instruments of a dental chair unit (DCU) to irrigate and cool teeth. However, these waterlines can be heavily contaminated with bacteria. AIM The purpose of the present study was to assess retraction and investigate the contamination level and prevalence of bacteria in DUWL output water. METHODS Fifty-eight DCUs were randomly selected from 30 hospitals in 10 districts of Tianjin, one of the four special municipalities of China. A unique sampling connector was used in place of the dental handpiece to collect water samples. Evaluation of retraction was accomplished using a retraction measurement device designed in accordance with the International Standard ISO 7494-2:2015(E). RESULTS A total of 263 water samples were collected, and the highest concentration of bacteria [1.8 × 10(6) colony-forming units (CFU)/mL] was found in the handpiece group. Thirty (51.72%) water samples in the handpiece group and 21 (36.21%) in the air/water syringe groups were cultured, yielding colony counts of > 500 CFU/mL. Potential infectious agents, such as Bacillus cereus, Kocuria kristinae and Pseudomonas fluorescens, were isolated from the water samples. Thirty (51.72%) DCUs failed the retraction evaluation. There was a significant, positive correlation (P < 0.05) between the concentration of bacteria in the water sample and the retracted volume. CONCLUSION It is of paramount importance to increase compliance with the standards for controlling DUWL contamination. Routine microbial monitoring and evaluation of retraction are necessary to provide high-quality water for use in dental treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yue Ji
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Chun-Nan Fei
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
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Luczkiewicz A, Kotlarska E, Artichowicz W, Tarasewicz K, Fudala-Ksiazek S. Antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from wastewater and wastewater-impacted marine coastal zone. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:19823-34. [PMID: 26286796 PMCID: PMC4679113 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of cultivated Pseudomonas spp. were studied in influent (INF), effluent (EFF), and marine outfall (MOut) of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The susceptibility was tested against 8 antimicrobial classes, active against Pseudomonas spp.: aminoglycosides, carbapenems, broad-spectrum cephalosporins from the 3rd and 4th generation, extended-spectrum penicillins, as well as their combination with the β-lactamase inhibitors, monobactams, fluoroquinolones, and polymyxins. Among identified species, resistance to all antimicrobials but colistin was shown by Pseudomonas putida, the predominant species in all sampling points. In other species, resistance was observed mainly against ceftazidime, ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, and aztreonam, although some isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, and Pseudomonas protegens showed multidrug-resistance (MDR) phenotype. Among P. putida, resistance to β-lactams and to fluoroquinolones as well as multidrug resistance become more prevalent after wastewater treatment, but the resistance rate decreased in marine water samples. Obtained data, however, suggests that Pseudomonas spp. are equipped or are able to acquire a wide range of antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and thus should be monitored as possible source of resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Luczkiewicz
- Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Ewa Kotlarska
- Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstancow Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Artichowicz
- Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Tarasewicz
- Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Fudala-Ksiazek
- Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
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Microbiology, genomics, and clinical significance of the Pseudomonas fluorescens species complex, an unappreciated colonizer of humans. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 27:927-48. [PMID: 25278578 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00044-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens is not generally considered a bacterial pathogen in humans; however, multiple culture-based and culture-independent studies have identified it at low levels in the indigenous microbiota of various body sites. With recent advances in comparative genomics, many isolates originally identified as the "species" P. fluorescens are now being reclassified as novel Pseudomonas species within the P. fluorescens "species complex." Although most widely studied for its role in the soil and the rhizosphere, P. fluorescens possesses a number of functional traits that provide it with the capability to grow and thrive in mammalian hosts. While significantly less virulent than P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens can cause bacteremia in humans, with most reported cases being attributable either to transfusion of contaminated blood products or to use of contaminated equipment associated with intravenous infusions. Although not suspected of being an etiologic agent of pulmonary disease, there are a number of reports identifying it in respiratory samples. There is also an intriguing association between P. fluorescens and human disease, in that approximately 50% of Crohn's disease patients develop serum antibodies to P. fluorescens. Altogether, these reports are beginning to highlight a far more common, intriguing, and potentially complex association between humans and P. fluorescens during health and disease.
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Beleneva IA, Shamshurina EV, Eliseikina MG. Assessment of the toxic effect exerted by fluorescent pseudomonads on embryos and larvae of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 115:263-271. [PMID: 25728358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Strains of bacteria capable of growing on artificial culture media were isolated from the fouling of brass plates submerged in Nha Trang Bay, South China Sea, and from tissues of the seastar Distolasterias nipon, caught in Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan. According to the complex of data of genetic and physiological/biochemical analyzes, two strains of cultivated bacteria were identified by us as the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two strains as Pseudomonas fluorescens, and one strain as Ruegeria sp. It was shown that the cultivated strains of P. aeruginosa released exotoxins, particularly phenazine pigments, into the environment. Production of the toxins did not depend on presence of a target organism in the system and was aimed at regulation of interactions in the microbial community. The toxicity of the studied natural isolates of fluorescent pseudomonads was analyzed by using embryos and larvae of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus, which are the sensitive and dynamic toxicological sea-urchin embryo test (SET) system. As was established, exotoxins produced by the strains of P. aeruginosa inhibit activity of cilia in sea urchin larvae, as well as disturb processes of cell differentiation in embryos and larvae. Their toxic influence is accompanied by disturbances of protein synthesis and the disruptions of cytoskeleton in the course of zygote cleavage and larval development. Unlike P. aeruginosa, the strains of P. fluorescens and Ruegeria sp. did not exert the toxic effect on SET. The obtained data allow considering objects of the environment as the natural reservoir of opportunistic microorganisms posing a potential threat to human, whereas the use of SET for determination of toxicity of isolated bacteria provides an opportunity to study the mechanisms of their interactions with organisms in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Beleneva
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology FEB RAS, Palchevsky Str. 17, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - E V Shamshurina
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology FEB RAS, Palchevsky Str. 17, Vladivostok 690041, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova Str. 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - M G Eliseikina
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology FEB RAS, Palchevsky Str. 17, Vladivostok 690041, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova Str. 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia.
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Type III secretion system and virulence markers highlight similarities and differences between human- and plant-associated pseudomonads related to Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. putida. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:2579-90. [PMID: 25636837 DOI: 10.1128/aem.04160-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens is commonly considered a saprophytic rhizobacterium devoid of pathogenic potential. Nevertheless, the recurrent isolation of strains from clinical human cases could indicate the emergence of novel strains originating from the rhizosphere reservoir, which could be particularly resistant to the immune system and clinical treatment. The importance of type three secretion systems (T3SSs) in the related Pseudomonas aeruginosa nosocomial species and the occurrence of this secretion system in plant-associated P. fluorescens raise the question of whether clinical isolates may also harbor T3SSs. In this study, isolates associated with clinical infections and identified in hospitals as belonging to P. fluorescens were compared with fluorescent pseudomonads harboring T3SSs isolated from plants. Bacterial isolates were tested for (i) their genetic relationships based on their 16S rRNA phylogeny, (ii) the presence of T3SS genes by PCR, and (iii) their infectious potential on animals and plants under environmental or physiological temperature conditions. Two groups of bacteria were delineated among the clinical isolates. The first group encompassed thermotolerant (41°C) isolates from patients suffering from blood infections; these isolates were finally found to not belong to P. fluorescens but were closely related and harbored highly conserved T3SS genes belonging to the Ysc-T3SS family, like the T3SSs from P. aeruginosa. The second group encompassed isolates from patients suffering from cystic fibrosis; these isolates belonged to P. fluorescens and harbored T3SS genes belonging to the Hrp1-T3SS family found commonly in plant-associated P. fluorescens.
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Morgan AE. The synergistic effect of gentamicin and ceftazidime against Pseudomonas fluorescens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/biohorizons/hzu007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Igbeneghu OA, Abdu AB. Multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria on fluted pumpkin leaves, a herb of therapeutic value. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2014; 32:176-82. [PMID: 25076655 PMCID: PMC4216954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) is a minimally-processed green leafy vegetable traditionally used for its antianaemic properties in the form of leaf juice without a heating or inactivation step before consumption. The aim of the study was to assess the presence of surface microbiota on T. occidentalis leaves and also to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated organisms. Bacterial contaminants on 50 samples of T. occidentalis leaves were isolated and characterized using standard biochemical methods and the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated organisms was determined using the antibiotic disc diffusion assay. The results obtained show that the leaves of T. occidentalis is contaminated with organisms which included Enterobacter agglomerans (25.9%), Proteus vulgaris (24.9%), Klebsiella spp. (2.6%), and Serratia liquefaciens (2.1%). Other bacterial isolates recovered in order of frequency included: Staphylococcus spp. (33.7%), Bacillus spp. (8.3%), and Pseudomonas fluorescens (2.6%). Of the 193 bacterial isolates from the leaves of T. occidentalis samples tested for antimicrobial resistance, all (100%) were found to be resistant to ampicillin, cloxacillin, augmentin, erythromycin, and tetracycline while 96% of the isolates were resistant to cephalothin. Resistance to trimethoprim (93%) and gentamicin (83%) was also observed. Approximately, 22% of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin; however, only 11 (5.8%) were resistant to ofloxacin. Thus, uncooked T. occidentalis is a potential source of highly-resistant epiphytic bacteria which could be opportunistic pathogens in consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyin A. Igbeneghu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Abdulrasheed B. Abdu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa-State, Nigeria
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Tsang J, Hoover TR. Themes and Variations: Regulation of RpoN-Dependent Flagellar Genes across Diverse Bacterial Species. SCIENTIFICA 2014; 2014:681754. [PMID: 24672734 PMCID: PMC3930126 DOI: 10.1155/2014/681754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Flagellar biogenesis in bacteria is a complex process in which the transcription of dozens of structural and regulatory genes is coordinated with the assembly of the flagellum. Although the overall process of flagellar biogenesis is conserved among bacteria, the mechanisms used to regulate flagellar gene expression vary greatly among different bacterial species. Many bacteria use the alternative sigma factor σ (54) (also known as RpoN) to transcribe specific sets of flagellar genes. These bacteria include members of the Epsilonproteobacteria (e.g., Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni), Gammaproteobacteria (e.g., Vibrio and Pseudomonas species), and Alphaproteobacteria (e.g., Caulobacter crescentus). This review characterizes the flagellar transcriptional hierarchies in these bacteria and examines what is known about how flagellar gene regulation is linked with other processes including growth phase, quorum sensing, and host colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Timothy R. Hoover
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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DGGE Identification of Microorganisms Associated with Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato- or Anaplasma phagocytophilum-Infected Ixodes ricinus Ticks from Northwest Norway. Int J Microbiol 2013; 2013:805456. [PMID: 24282414 PMCID: PMC3826297 DOI: 10.1155/2013/805456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks acquire a wide range of microorganisms as a natural part of their lifecycle. Bacteria, viruses, and protozoa can be transmitted to ticks during feeding and free-living phases. DGGE profiling is a molecular method to describe the microbial population associated with ticks and demonstrate some of the complexity and variety of tick-borne microorganisms. The present study profiled a total of 120 I. ricinus ticks, which were divided into three equally sized groups. We found that B. burgdorferi s.l.-infected ticks presented a pattern consisting of bacterial Pseudomonas spp. (67.5%), Bacillus spp. (50%), and Sphingomonas spp. (77.5%), while A. phagocytophilum-infected ticks were associated with Pseudomonas spp. (82.5%) and Sphingomonas spp. (57.5%). All profiles had one or more Pseudomonas species present, and the intramitochondrial endosymbiont Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii was present in more than 25% of the samples. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the microbial communities were not significantly different between the groups and that the groups could not be characterised by a specific microbial population.
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Ardura A, Linde AR, Garcia-Vazquez E. Genetic detection of Pseudomonas spp. in commercial Amazonian fish. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:3954-66. [PMID: 24065035 PMCID: PMC3799522 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10093954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brazilian freshwater fish caught from large drainages like the River Amazon represent a million ton market in expansion, which is of enormous importance for export to other continents as exotic seafood. A guarantee of bacteriological safety is required for international exports that comprise a set of different bacteria but not any Pseudomonas. However, diarrhoea, infections and even septicaemia caused by some Pseudomonas species have been reported, especially in immune-depressed patients. In this work we have employed PCR-based methodology for identifying Pseudomonas species in commercial fish caught from two different areas within the Amazon basin. Most fish caught from the downstream tributary River Tapajòs were contaminated by five different Pseudomonas species. All fish samples obtained from the River Negro tributary (Manaus markets) contained Pseudomonas, but a less diverse community with only two species. The most dangerous Pseudomonas species for human health, P. aeruginosa, was not found and consumption of these fish (from their Pseudomonas content) can be considered safe for healthy consumers. As a precautionary approach we suggest considering Pseudomonas in routine bacteriological surveys of imported seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Ardura
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo. C/Julian Claveria s/n, Oviedo 33006, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Ana R. Linde
- Laboratory of Toxicology, National School of Public Health, Fundaçao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Eva Garcia-Vazquez
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo. C/Julian Claveria s/n, Oviedo 33006, Spain; E-Mail:
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Shen F, Yao M. Are we biologically safe with snow precipitation? A case study in beijing. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65249. [PMID: 23762327 PMCID: PMC3675146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the bacterial and fungal abundances, diversities, conductance levels as well as total organic carbon (TOC) were investigated in the snow samples collected from five different snow occurrences in Beijing between January and March, 2010. The collected snow samples were melted and cultured at three different temperatures (4, 26 and 37°C). The culturable bacterial concentrations were manually counted and the resulting colony forming units (CFUs) at 26°C were further studied using V3 region of 16 S rRNA gene-targeted polymerase chain reaction -denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The clone library was constructed after the liquid culturing of snow samples at 26°C. And microscopic method was employed to investigate the fungal diversity in the samples. In addition, outdoor air samples were also collected using mixed cellulose ester (MCE) filters and compared with snow samples with respect to described characteristics. The results revealed that snow samples had bacterial concentrations as much as 16000 CFU/ml for those cultured at 26°C, and the conductance levels ranged from 5.6×10−6 to 2.4×10−5 S. PCR-DGGE, sequencing and microscopic analysis revealed remarkable bacterial and fungal diversity differences between the snow samples and the outdoor air samples. In addition, DGGE banding profiles for the snow samples collected were also shown distinctly different from one another. Absent from the outdoor air, certain human, plant, and insect fungal pathogens were found in the snow samples. By calculation, culturable bacteria accounted for an average of 3.38% (±1.96%) of TOC for the snow samples, and 0.01% for that of outdoor air samples. The results here suggest that snow precipitations are important sources of fungal pathogens and ice nucleators, thus could affect local climate, human health and agriculture security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxia Shen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Maosheng Yao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Diaz PI, Hong BY, Frias-Lopez J, Dupuy AK, Angeloni M, Abusleme L, Terzi E, Ioannidou E, Strausbaugh LD, Dongari-Bagtzoglou A. Transplantation-associated long-term immunosuppression promotes oral colonization by potentially opportunistic pathogens without impacting other members of the salivary bacteriome. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 20:920-30. [PMID: 23616410 PMCID: PMC3675961 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00734-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Solid-organ transplant recipients rely on pharmacological immunosuppression to prevent allograft rejection. The effect of such chronic immunosuppression on the microflora at mucosal surfaces is not known. We evaluated the salivary bacterial microbiome of 20 transplant recipients and 19 nonimmunosuppressed controls via 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Alpha-diversity and global community structure did not differ between transplant and control subjects. However, principal coordinate analysis showed differences in community membership. Taxa more prevalent in transplant subjects included operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of potentially opportunistic Gammaproteobacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Acinetobacter species, Vibrio species, Enterobacteriaceae species, and the genera Acinetobacter and Klebsiella. Transplant subjects also had increased proportions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter species, Enterobacteriaceae species, and Enterococcus faecalis, among other OTUs, while genera with increased proportions included Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus, and Enterococcus. Furthermore, in transplant subjects, the dose of the immunosuppressant prednisone positively correlated with bacterial richness, while prednisone and mycophenolate mofetil doses positively correlated with the prevalence and proportions of transplant-associated taxa. Correlation network analysis of OTU relative abundance revealed a cluster containing potentially opportunistic pathogens as transplant associated. This cluster positively correlated with serum levels of C-reactive protein, suggesting a link between the resident flora at mucosal compartments and systemic inflammation. Network connectivity analysis revealed opportunistic pathogens as highly connected to each other and to common oral commensals, pointing to bacterial interactions that may influence colonization. This work demonstrates that immunosuppression aimed at limiting T-cell-mediated responses creates a more permissive oral environment for potentially opportunistic pathogens without affecting other members of the salivary bacteriome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia I. Diaz
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, The University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bo-Young Hong
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, The University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jorge Frias-Lopez
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amanda K. Dupuy
- Center for Applied Genetics and Technologies, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mark Angeloni
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, The University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Loreto Abusleme
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, The University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Evimaria Terzi
- Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Effie Ioannidou
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, The University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Linda D. Strausbaugh
- Center for Applied Genetics and Technologies, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anna Dongari-Bagtzoglou
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, The University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Leneveu-Jenvrin C, Madi A, Bouffartigues E, Biaggini K, Feuilloley M, Chevalier S, Connil N. Cytotoxicity and inflammatory potential of two Pseudomonas mosselii strains isolated from clinical samples of hospitalized patients. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:123. [PMID: 23718251 PMCID: PMC3679952 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Pseudomonas includes a heterogeneous set of microorganisms that can be isolated from many different niches and nearly 100 different strains have been described. The best characterized bacterium is Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is the primary agent of opportunistic infection in humans, causing both acute and chronic infections. Other species like fluorescens, putida or mosselii have been sporadically isolated from hospitalized patients but their association with the pathology often remains unclear. RESULTS This study focuses on the cytotoxicity and inflammatory potential of two strains of Pseudomonas mosselii (ATCC BAA-99 and MFY161) that were recently isolated from clinical samples of hospitalized patients. The behavior of these bacteria was compared to that of the well-known opportunistic pathogen P. aeruginosa PAO1. We found that P. mosselii ATCC BAA-99 and MFY161 are cytotoxic towards Caco-2/TC7 cells, have low invasive capacity, induce secretion of human β-defensin 2 (HBD-2), alter the epithelial permeability of differentiated cells and damage the F-actin cytoskeleton. CONCLUSIONS These data bring new insights into P. mosselii virulence, since this bacterium has often been neglected due to its rare occurrence in hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Leneveu-Jenvrin
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement-LMSM EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, 55 Rue Saint-Germain, Evreux F-27000, France
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Patel SK, Pratap CB, Verma AK, Jain AK, Dixit VK, Nath G. Pseudomonas fluorescens-like bacteria from the stomach: A microbiological and molecular study. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:1056-67. [PMID: 23466902 PMCID: PMC3581993 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i7.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To characterize oxidase- and urease-producing bacterial isolates, grown aerobically, that originated from antral biopsies of patients suffering from acid peptic diseases.
METHODS: A total of 258 antral biopsy specimens were subjected to isolation of bacteria followed by tests for oxidase and urease production, acid tolerance and aerobic growth. The selected isolates were further characterized by molecular techniques viz. amplifications for 16S rRNA using universal eubacterial and HSP60 gene specific primers. The amplicons were subjected to restriction analysis and partial sequencing. A phylogenetic tree was generated using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) from evolutionary distance computed with bootstrap test of phylogeny. Assessment of acidity tolerance of bacteria isolated from antrum was performed using hydrochloric acid from 10-7 mol/L to 10-1 mol/L.
RESULTS: Of the 258 antral biopsy specimens collected from patients, 179 (69.4%) were positive for urease production by rapid urease test and 31% (80/258) yielded typical Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) after 5-7 d of incubation under a microaerophilic environment. A total of 240 (93%) antral biopsies yielded homogeneous semi-translucent and small colonies after overnight incubation. The partial 16S rRNA sequences revealed that the isolates had 99% similarity with Pseudomonas species. A phylogenetic tree on the basis of 16S rRNA sequences denoted that JQ927226 and JQ927227 were likely to be related to Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens). On the basis of HSP60 sequences applied to the UPGMA phylogenetic tree, it was observed that isolated strains in an aerobic environment were likely to be P. fluorescens, and HSP60 sequences had more discriminatory potential rather than 16S rRNA sequences. Interestingly, this bacterium was acid tolerant for hours at low pH. Further, a total of 250 (96.9%) genomic DNA samples of 258 biopsy specimens and DNA from 240 bacterial isolates were positive for the 613 bp amplicons by targeting P. fluorescens-specific conserved putative outer membrane protein gene sequences.
CONCLUSION: This study indicates that bacterial isolates from antral biopsies grown aerobically were P. fluorescens, and thus acid-tolerant bacteria other than H. pylori can also colonize the stomach and may be implicated in pathogenesis/protection.
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Warwick C, Arena PC, Steedman C. Health implications associated with exposure to farmed and wild sea turtles. JRSM SHORT REPORTS 2013; 4:8. [PMID: 23413410 PMCID: PMC3572663 DOI: 10.1177/2042533313475574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to sea turtles may be increasing with expanding tourism, although reports of problems arising from interaction with free-living animals appear of negligible human health and safety concern. Exposure both to wild-caught and captive-housed sea turtles, including consumption of turtle products, raises several health concerns for the public, including: microbiological (bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi), macrobiological (macroparasites), and organic and inorganic toxic contaminants (biotoxins, organochlorines and heavy metals). We conducted a review of sea turtle associated human disease and its causative agents as well as a case study of the commercial sea turtle facility known as the Cayman Turtle Farm (which receives approximately 240,000 visitors annually) including the use of water sampling and laboratory microbial analysis which identified Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp. and Salmonella spp. Our assessment is that pathogens and toxic contaminants may be loosely categorized to represent the following levels of potential risk: viruses and fungi = very low; protozoan parasites = very low to low; metazoan parasites, bacteria and environmental toxic contaminants = low or moderate to high; and biotoxin contaminant = moderate to very high. Farmed turtles and their consumable products may constitute a significant reservoir of potential human pathogen and toxin contamination. Greater awareness among health-care professionals regarding both potential pathogens and toxic contaminants from sea turtles, as well as key signs and symptoms of sea turtle-related human disease, is important for the prevention and control of salient disease.
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Benito N, Mirelis B, Luz Gálvez M, Vila M, López-Contreras J, Cotura A, Pomar V, March F, Navarro F, Coll P, Gurguí M. Outbreak of Pseudomonas fluorescens bloodstream infection in a coronary care unit. J Hosp Infect 2012; 82:286-9. [PMID: 23103246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An outbreak of Pseudomonas fluorescens infection in six patients in a coronary care unit was associated with a source not previously reported, namely the ice bath used for cardiac output determinations. Outbreaks of pseudobacteraemia caused by P. fluorescens and occasional blood transfusion-associated bloodstream infection (BSI) have been described. However, during the last two decades, two outbreaks of P. fluorescens BSI have been described and this article reports a third. Isolation of P. fluorescens in blood cultures must alert clinicians to the possibility of contamination of infusate, lock solutions or catheter flush.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Benito
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
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Leung RKK, Zhou JW, Guan W, Li SK, Yang ZF, Tsui SKW. Modulation of potential respiratory pathogens by pH1N1 viral infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 19:930-5. [PMID: 23167452 DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While much effort has been made to characterize influenza A pdm09 virus (pH1N1), the flu that was responsible for the fourth influenza pandemic, there is a lack of study on the composition of bacteria that lead to secondary infection. In this study, we recruited pneumonia patients with and without pH1N1 infection and characterized their oropharyngeal microbiota by the unbiased high-throughput sequencing method. While there were no significant differences in common bacterial pneumonia-causative agents (Acinetobacter and Streptococcus species), previously unreported Pseudomonas species equipped with chemotaxis and flagellar assembly genes significantly increased (>20-fold) in the pH1N1-infected group. Bacillus and Ralstonia species that also increased significantly (5-10-fold) were also found to possess similar signaling and motility genes. In contrast, no such genes were found in oral commensal Prevotella, Veillonella and Neisseria species, which decreased significantly, or in either Acinetobacter or 10 out of 21 Streptococcus species, including Streptococcus pneumoniae. Our results support the notion that pH1N1 infection provides a niche for previously unnoticed potential respiratory pathogens that were able to access the lower respiratory tract with weakened immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K-K Leung
- Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Díaz C, Miñán A, Schilardi P, Fernández Lorenzo de Mele M. Synergistic antimicrobial effect against early biofilm formation: micropatterned surface plus antibiotic treatment. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012; 40:221-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Odjadjare EE, Igbinosa EO, Mordi R, Igere B, Igeleke CL, Okoh AI. Prevalence of multiple antibiotics resistant (MAR) Pseudomonas species in the final effluents of three municipal wastewater treatment facilities in South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 9:2092-107. [PMID: 22829792 PMCID: PMC3397366 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9062092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The final effluents of three (Alice, Dimbaza, and East London) wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were evaluated to determine their physicochemical quality and prevalence of multiple antibiotics resistant (MAR) Pseudomonas species, between August 2007 and July 2008. The annual mean total Pseudomonas count (TPC) was 1.20 × 104 (cfu/100 mL), 1.08 × 104 (cfu/100 mL), and 2.66 × 104 (cfu/100 mL), for the Alice, Dimbaza, and East London WWTPs respectively. The effluents were generally compliant with recommended limits for pH, temperature, TDS, DO, nitrite and nitrate; but fell short of target standards for turbidity, COD, and phosphate. The tested isolates were highly sensitive to gentamicin (100%), ofloxacin (100%), clindamycin (90%), erythromycin (90%) and nitrofurantoin (80%); whereas high resistance was observed against the penicillins (90–100%), rifampin (90%), sulphamethoxazole (90%) and the cephems (70%). MAR index ranged between 0.26 and 0.58. The study demonstrated that MAR Pseudomonas species were quite prevalent in the final effluents of WWTPs in South Africa; and this can lead to serious health risk for communities that depend on the effluent-receiving waters for sundry purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel E. Odjadjare
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Western Delta University, P.M.B. 10, Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria;
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa; (E.O.I.); (A.I.O.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +234-806-911-3202
| | - Etinosa O. Igbinosa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa; (E.O.I.); (A.I.O.)
- Department of Microbiology, Ambrose Alli University, P.M.B. 14, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Raphael Mordi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Benson Idahosa University, P.M.B. 1100, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; (R.M.); (C.L.I.)
| | - Bright Igere
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Western Delta University, P.M.B. 10, Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria;
| | - Clara L. Igeleke
- Department of Basic Sciences, Benson Idahosa University, P.M.B. 1100, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; (R.M.); (C.L.I.)
| | - Anthony I. Okoh
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa; (E.O.I.); (A.I.O.)
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Beta-lactams resistance and presence of class 1 integron in Pseudomonas spp. isolated from untreated hospital effluents in Brazil. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2012; 102:73-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-012-9714-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zheng T, Nolan EM. Siderophore-based detection of Fe(iii) and microbial pathogens. Metallomics 2012; 4:866-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20082a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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43
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Abstract
The preparation of intravenous drugs is a common yet inherently dangerous nursing procedure. Potential errors associated with this procedure include incorrect drugs, doses and routes of administration. As a consequence of these recognized risks, a variety of checks are used to optimize safety. This paper explores the literature around infusate contamination, which can cause infusate-related bloodstream infection (IR-BSI). In addition, this paper will discuss the mechanisms of infusate contamination, as well as details of the types of microorganisms that cause contamination and the types of drugs that enable proliferation of microorganisms. Deficits within current guidance are revealed. The paper concludes that IR-BSI is a significant but under-recognized risk to patients. As microbial contamination sufficient to cause IR-BSI is not detectable to the naked eye, those who prepare intravenous drugs must be more aware of contamination risks and how to reduce them.
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Spread of Pseudomonas fluorescens due to contaminated drinking water in a bone marrow transplant unit. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:2093-6. [PMID: 21450958 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02559-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. We present here data for the spread of Pseudomonas fluorescens caused by a contaminated drinking water dispenser in a bone marrow transplant unit. Over a 1-month period we observed a sharp increase in the isolation of P. fluorescens from weekly pharyngeal surveillance swabs. Environmental samples were taken from a variety of water sources throughout the unit. These samples were cultured on cetrimide agar medium, and isolates were epidemiologically characterized by antibiotic susceptibility patterns and molecular typing methods. Nine patients became colonized with P. fluorescens, and six out of the nine developed febrile neutropenia. P. fluorescens was cultured after the filtration of 100 ml of drinking water from one of two stand-alone chiller units supplying cooled bottled water to the bone marrow transplant unit. All other environmental samples were negative. There were no further cases of P. fluorescens colonization after the contaminated dispenser was removed. Molecular typing showed that all P. fluorescens isolates were identical by both random amplification of polymorphic DNA PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. We recommend that such bottled water supplies not be used in high-risk areas or be subject to regular microbiological monitoring.
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Ferreira C, Pereira AM, Pereira MC, Melo LF, Simoes M. Physiological changes induced by the quaternary ammonium compound benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride on Pseudomonas fluorescens. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:1036-43. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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46
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Have flagella a preferred orientation during early stages of biofilm formation?: AFM study using patterned substrates. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 82:536-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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47
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Adult-onset cystic fibrosis in an African-American male. Radiol Case Rep 2011; 6:500. [PMID: 27307911 PMCID: PMC4900058 DOI: 10.2484/rcr.v6i3.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes a case of adult-onset cystic fibrosis (CF) in an African-American male. Although CF is a common autosomal recessive disorder in populations of European descent, it is relatively rare in the African-American population (1 in 17,000), with only Asian population ancestries being less affected than African blacks. We present our patient’s disease course in order to elucidate the manifestations of CF in this particular ethnic population. More specifically, this patient had a form of CF with late-onset features, which may represent a new clinical phenotype of CF. We seek to improve clinician awareness of CF disease subtypes. We also show the radiographic intra- and extra-thoracic manifestations of CF and the peculiar clinical scenario that brought forth this condition.
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48
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Costas MJ, Pinto RM, Cordero PM, Cabezas A, Alves-Pereira I, Cameselle JC, Ribeiro JM. CGDEase, a Pseudomonas fluorescens protein of the PLC/APase superfamily with CDP-ethanolamine and (dihexanoyl)glycerophosphoethanolamine hydrolase activity induced by osmoprotectants under phosphate-deficient conditions. Mol Microbiol 2010; 78:1556-76. [PMID: 21143324 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07425.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel enzyme, induced by choline, ethanolamine, glycine betaine or dimethylglycine, was released at low temperature and phosphate from Pseudomonas fluorescens (CECT 7229) suspensions at low cell densities. It is a CDP-ethanolamine pyrophosphatase/(dihexanoyl)glycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase (CGDEase) less active on choline derivatives, and inactive on long-chain phospholipids, CDP-glycerol and other NDP-X compounds. The reaction pattern was typical of phospholipase C (PLC), as either phosphoethanolamine or phosphocholine was produced. Peptide-mass analyses, gene cloning and expression provided a molecular identity for CGDEase. Bioinformatic studies assigned it to the PLC branch of the phospholipase C/acid phosphatase (PLC/APase) superfamily, revealed an irregular phylogenetic distribution of close CGDEase relatives, and suggested their genes are not in operons or conserved contexts. A theoretical CGDEase structure was supported by mutagenesis of two predicted active-site residues, which yielded essentially inactive mutants. Biological relevance is supported by comparisons with CGDEase relatives, induction by osmoprotectants (not by osmotic stress itself) and repression by micromolar phosphate. The low bacterial density requirement was related to phosphate liberation from lysed bacteria in denser populations, rather than to a classical quorum-sensing effect. The results fit better a CGDEase role in phosphate scavenging than in osmoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Costas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz E-06006, Spain
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Yoshino Y, Kitazawa T, Kamimura M, Tatsuno K, Ota Y, Yotsuyanagi H. Pseudomonas putida bacteremia in adult patients: five case reports and a review of the literature. J Infect Chemother 2010; 17:278-82. [PMID: 20809240 DOI: 10.1007/s10156-010-0114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida belongs to the fluorescent group of Pseudomonas species, a group of opportunistic pathogens that primarily cause nosocomial infections. However, few cases of P. putida bacteremia in adult patients have been reported. We report five cases of P. putida bacteremia in adult patients and review 23 previously reported cases. Our five patients consisted of three cases of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), one case of indwelling biliary drainage tube-related cholangitis, and one case of cholecystitis. Many of the 23 previously reported cases also included CRBSI. Of the clinical backgrounds, in all 28 reported cases including ours, 24 (85.7%) were immunocompromised. Of the clinical management, in CRBSI, devices were removed in almost all cases (92.9%). Antibiotic susceptibility data of our five cases and another previous case showed that patients with bacteremia had a high susceptibility of P. putida to anti-pseudomonal β-lactams. The prognosis for bacteremia with P. putida was good, as 26 (92.9%) of the total 28 cases were cured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yoshino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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Indigenous opportunistic bacteria inhabit mammalian gut-associated lymphoid tissues and share a mucosal antibody-mediated symbiosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:7419-24. [PMID: 20360558 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1001061107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The indigenous bacteria create natural cohabitation niches together with mucosal Abs in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Here we report that opportunistic bacteria, largely Alcaligenes species, specifically inhabit host Peyer's patches (PPs) and isolated lymphoid follicles, with the associated preferential induction of antigen-specific mucosal IgA Abs in the GI tract. Alcaligenes were identified as the dominant bacteria on the interior of PPs from naïve, specific-pathogen-free but not from germ-free mice. Oral transfer of intratissue uncultured Alcaligenes into germ-free mice resulted in the presence of Alcaligenes inside the PPs of recipients. This result was further supported by the induction of antigen-specific Ab-producing cells in the mucosal (e.g., PPs) but not systemic compartment (e.g., spleen). The preferential presence of Alcaligenes inside PPs and the associated induction of intestinal secretory IgA Abs were also observed in both monkeys and humans. Localized mucosal Ab-mediated symbiotic immune responses were supported by Alcaligenes-stimulated CD11c(+) dendritic cells (DCs) producing the Ab-enhancing cytokines TGF-beta, B-cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family, and IL-6 in PPs. These CD11c(+) DCs did not migrate beyond the draining mesenteric lymph nodes. In the absence of antigen-specific mucosal Abs, the presence of Alcaligenes in PPs was greatly diminished. Thus, indigenous opportunistic bacteria uniquely inhabit PPs, leading to PP-DCs-initiated, local antigen-specific Ab production; this may involve the creation of an optimal symbiotic environment on the interior of the PPs.
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