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Trinks J, Maestri M, Oliveto F, Del Pino N, Weissenbacher M, Torres OW, Oubiña JR. Human pegivirus molecular epidemiology in Argentina: potential contribution of Latin American migration to genotype 3 circulation. J Med Virol 2014; 86:2076-83. [PMID: 24615742 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the human pegivirus (HPgV) genotypic diversity in Argentina taking into account the potential contribution of human migration from neighboring countries, samples from 130 Argentine injecting drug users, 116 Argentine- and 50 immigrant-pregnant women were analyzed. HPgV RNA prevalence among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive injecting drug users was similar to HIV-positive pregnant women, as was the case when comparing HIV-negative injecting drug users and HIV-negative pregnant women (P > 0.05). HPgV genotype 2 (HPgV/2) was prevalent among both Argentine injecting drug users and pregnant women, in contrast to HPgV/3 observed among pregnant women from Latin American countries with predominant indigenous populations and who had experienced their initial sexual intercourses--and possibly their source of infection--in those countries (P < 0.01). In addition, HPgV vertical and horizontal transmission was proven by molecular analysis of E2 gene and construction of identity matrixes with epidemiologically non-related isolates. This study shows that human migration from neighboring Latin American countries with predominant indigenous populations might contribute to HPgV/3 circulation in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Trinks
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology (IMPAM), University of Buenos Aires (UBA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
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Prevalence of GBV-C among Iranian HBV positive patients using PCR-RFLP technique. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2013; 6:S70-6. [PMID: 24834291 PMCID: PMC4017541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of GBV-C among Iranian HBV positive patients using PCR-RFLP technique. BACKGROUND GBV-C was a member of flaviviridae family and recently propose to classify as members of a fourth genus in this family, named Pegivirus and suggest that at least one quarter of the world's population has been infected with this virus. GBV-C can be transmitted via the blood-borne route, although vertical and sexual transmission is very well documented. PATIENTS AND METHODS 100 serum samples were collected from HBsAg positive patients in 2011-2012. RNA was extracted with Qiagene mini kit. cDNA was synthesized by Reverse Transcriptase method and amplified by Semi- nested PCR method. After designing specific primers, the semi nested PCR was optimized, then sequences of PCR products were analyzed with software such as neb cutter, and sites of restriction enzymes were determined and suitable enzymes were selected for RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). RESULTS PCR products were analyzed in 2% agarose gels containing ethidium bromide and were visualized with ultraviolet (UV) light. A 230 bp band was observed in comparison with 100 kb ladder; this band indicates our target gene of GBV-C genome have been isolate from serum samples. CONCLUSION It seems that Co-infection of GBV-C and HBV are common and This method had acceptable sensitivity for detecting GBV-C and determining its genotype, and more affordable than the other techniques; so the results of this study showed the prevalence of GBV-C were 12 serums of 100 serums HBsAg positive in goal population and one sample from 12 GBV-C positive serums was genotype 3 and the others were genotype 2.
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GB virus C quasispecies detected in plasma and lymphocyte subsets in a natural human infection. J Gen Virol 2010; 91:1687-92. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.019877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Ruiz V, Espínola L, Mathet VL, Perandones CE, Oubiña JR. Design, development and evaluation of a competitive RT-PCR for quantitation of GBV-C RNA. J Virol Methods 2006; 136:58-64. [PMID: 16716411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2005] [Revised: 03/28/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although GB virus C (GBV-C) hepatocyte pathogenicity is still controversial, it appears that at least some strains of this virus are lymphotropic. During the past few years, several reports have documented an apparently beneficial role played by GBV-C in the course of HIV-1 infection. At present, a commercial kit for GBV-C RNA quantitation is not available. In this study, a competitive RT-PCR method for GBV-C in serum samples is described. The sensitivity of the assay proved to be 10(4) and 10(3) genomic equivalents for positive and negative sense RNAs, respectively. This method will discriminate specifically between positive and negative strand RNAs with a discrimination index of at least five log10. Out of 60 samples from different hematological disorders (n = 49), HIV-1 positive patients (n = 7), and blood donors (n = 4), 10 proved to be GBV-C RNA positive. Viral load ranged from 1.1 x 10(7) to 2.34 x 10(8) genomic equivalents/ml. Such values correlated linearly (r = 0.986) with those obtained by a 10-fold serial dilution method. In studies exploring the GBV-C pathogenicity, the measurement of viral load may contribute to understand the possible mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Hepatitis Virales, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Piso 11, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Gaia S, Marzano A, Olivero A, Abate M, Rizzetto M, Smedile A. Inactive hepatitis B virus carriers: a favourable clinical condition. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 17:1435-6. [PMID: 16292104 DOI: 10.1097/00042737-200512000-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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Ramos Filho R, Carneiro MAS, Teles SA, Dias MA, Cardoso DDP, Lampe E, Yoshida CFT, Martins RMB. GB virus C/hepatitis G virus infection in dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients in Central Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2004; 99:639-43. [PMID: 15558178 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762004000600019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the prevalence of GB virus C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection in dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients in Central Brazil and also to analyze the virus genotypes distribution, a total of 123 patients including 98 on hemodialysis, 13 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis treatment, and 12 who received kidney transplantation were interviewed in one unit of dialysis treatment in Goiania city. Blood samples were collected and serum samples tested for GBV-C/HGV RNA by polymerase chain reaction. Genotypes were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Eighteen samples were GBV-C/HGV RNA-positive, resulting in an overall prevalence of 14.6% (95% CI: 9.2-21.7). A high positivity for GBV-C/HGV RNA was observed in patients who had received kidney transplant (16.7%), followed by those on hemodialysis (15.3%), and peritoneal dialysis (7.7%). RFLP analysis revealed the presence of genotypes 1, 2, and 3 of GBV-C/HGV; more precisely, 9 (50%) samples were found belonging to the 2b subtype, 4 (22%) to the 2a subtype, 3 (17%) to genotype 1, and 2 (11%) to genotype 3. The present data indicate an intermediate prevalence of GBV-C/HGV infection among dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients in Central Brazil. Genotype 2 (subtype 2b) seems to be the most prevalent GBV-C/HGV genotype in our region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Ramos Filho
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Caixa Postal 131, 74605-050 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Schleicher SB, Flehmig BF. Genotyping of GB virus C by restriction pattern analysis of the 5' untranslated region. J Med Virol 2003; 71:226-32. [PMID: 12938197 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.10474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
GB virus C (GBV-C) is a virus that has been proposed as a member of the Flaviviridae family, distantly related to hepatitis C virus (HCV). The virus is able to infect humans parenterally and perinatally, although its true pathogenicity remains unknown. The 5' terminal region of GBV-C is the most highly conserved region of the virus genome. Comparison of 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) sequences from GBV-C infected individuals shows that variation is limited to particular sites that are often covariant and associated with different virus genotypes. Extensive sequence analysis of the GBV-C genome provides evidence for the existence of at least five major genotypes, some of which can be further divided into subtypes. For genotyping by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), it is essential to identify genomic positions that not only reflect genotype differences, but that also harbor restriction sites that allow recognition of these differences. Restriction site analysis of type-specific sequence motifs predicted that endonucleases BsmFI, HaeII, HinfI, and ScrFI could be used for the identification all known genotypes (types 1-5) with 99.6% accuracy. The method was applied to serum samples from 46 chronic GBV-C carriers of heterogeneous geographical and ethnic origin, comparing observed cleavage patterns of GBV-C variants amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the 5' UTR with the RFLP predicted from sequences deposited in GenBank database. cDNA sequencing and subsequent alignment of the 46 GBV-C isolates confirmed RFLP profiles predicted theoretically. The observed geographical distribution of genotypes is also in agreement with previous reports. This method may be useful for rapid and reliable characterization of GBV-C isolates when either epidemiological or transmission studies are carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine B Schleicher
- Children's Hospital, Department I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Mathet VL, Espínola L, Ruiz V, Maríncola A, Quarleri JF, Ceballos A, Peralta LAM, Natal M, Haedo A, Sánchez DO, Oubiña JR. Phylogenetic and mathematical analyses for investigating putative mother-to-infant transmission chains when only GB virus C (hepatitis G virus) 5' noncoding region sequences are available. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:4489-91. [PMID: 12958304 PMCID: PMC193848 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.9.4489-4491.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Mathet VL, Feld M, Espínola L, Sánchez DO, Ruiz V, Mandó O, Carballal G, Quarleri JF, D'Mello F, Howard CR, Oubiña JR. Hepatitis B virus S gene mutants in a patient with chronic active hepatitis with circulating Anti-HBs antibodies. J Med Virol 2003; 69:18-26. [PMID: 12436473 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.10267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An adult male farmer with chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis despite previous circulating anti-HBs antibodies was studied. No markers of other hepatotropic viral infection were observed. HBV DNA was detected in serum by PCR and was characterized further by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequencing of cloned PCR products derived from the S gene. The HBV DNA was ascribed to genotype F, and single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) demonstrated the co-circulation of multiple quasispecies. Some of the variants exhibited changes located within the neutralizing "a" determinant, located between amino acids 124-147 of the S protein. Within this region, two clones showed either C124R or C124Y mutations. Other mutations were Q129R, C138R, C139R, and S140T (one clone each). Outside the "a" determinant several substitutions were documented. The high degree of the quasispecies variability was probably linked to the severity of the infection. Most members of the patient's family were infected with HBV, all with genotype F.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Mathet
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Oliveira LA, Martins RMB, Carneiro MAS, Teles SA, Silva SA, Cardoso DDP, Lampe E, Yoshida CFT. Prevalence and genotypes of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus among blood donors in Central Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2002; 97:953-7. [PMID: 12471420 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762002000700005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A survey was conducted in a blood donor population of Central Brazil aiming to investigate the prevalence of GB virus C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection and also to analyze the virus genotypes distribution. A total of 241 voluntary blood donors were interviewed at the State Blood Bank in Goiânia, State of Goiás, Brazil. Blood samples were collected and serum samples tested for GBV-C/HGV RNA by polymerase chain reaction. Genotypes were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Seventeen samples were GBV-C/HGV RNA-positive, resulting in a prevalence of 7.1% (95% CI: 4.2-11.1). A significant trend of GBV-C/HGV RNA positivity in relation to age was observed, with the highest prevalence in donors between 29-39 years old. Ten infected individuals were characterized by reporting parenteral (30%), sexual (18%), both (6%) and intrafamiliar (6%) transmission. However, 7 (40%) GBV-C/HGV RNA-positive donors did not mention any potential transmission route. RFLP analysis revealed the presence of genotypes 1 and 2 of GBV-C/HGV; more precisely, 10 (58.9%) samples were found belonging to the 2b subtype, 4 (23.5%) to the 2a subtype, and 3 (17.6%) to genotype 1. The present data indicate an intermediate endemicity of GBV-C/HGV infection among this blood donor population, and a predominant circulation of genotype 2 (subtype 2b) in Central Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana A Oliveira
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brasil
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Naito H, Abe K. Genotyping system of GBV-C/HGV type 1 to type 4 by the polymerase chain reaction using type-specific primers and geographical distribution of viral genotypes. J Virol Methods 2001; 91:3-9. [PMID: 11164480 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(00)00207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on variation in nucleotide sequence of 5'-untranslated region, GB virus type C (GBV-C) and hepatitis G virus (HGV) can be classified into three major genotypes. In addition to this classification, a novel genotype of GBV-C/HGV was identified and designated type 4. However, genotyping of GBV-C/HGV has been hampered by the lack of suitable assays. In this study, a simple and precise genotyping system based on PCR using the type-specific primers was developed for the determination of genotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 of GBV-C/HGV. A total of 235 serum samples obtained from 11 different countries were tested by our PCR genotyping system of GBV-C/HGV. The results revealed that type 1 was prevalent mainly in Ghana, type 2 was prevalent in the USA, Spain, Egypt, Nepal and Myanmar, type 3 was prevalent in Japan and Bolivia, and type 4 was prevalent in Vietnam and Myanmar among the countries investigated in the present study. To confirm the specificity of the results of genotyping by PCR, phylogenetic analysis in the 5'-untranslated region of GBV-C/HGV was undertaken in 99 serum samples. By this analysis, the specificity of the genotyping system by PCR was confirmed. This assay system may be useful for rapid typing of GBV-C/HGV RNA when either epidemiological or transmission studies of this agent are carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Naito
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8640, Tokyo, Japan
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Quarleri JF, Robertson BH, Mathet VL, Feld M, Espínola L, Requeijo MP, Mandó O, Carballal G, Oubiña JR. Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis C virus isolates from argentine patients: a six-year retrospective study. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:4560-8. [PMID: 11101596 PMCID: PMC87637 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.12.4560-4568.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/1999] [Accepted: 09/07/2000] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Typing of hepatitis C virus (HCV) isolates from Argentine patients was performed by using different methodologies in a population of 243 patients. HCV subtype was assigned based upon restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). HCV RNA genomes obtained from serum samples were classified as belonging to clade 1 (53.5%), 2 (23. 0%), or 3 (8.6%); 14.8% of samples showed HCV mixed infections, more frequently implying different subtypes within the same clade. In addition to RFLP typing, phylogenetic relatedness among sequences from both 5' untranslated region (n = 50) and nonstructural 5B coding region (n = 15) was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Quarleri
- Laboratorio de Hepatitis Virales, Departamento Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
The list of potential hepatotrophic viruses continues to grow, with the recent discovery of the GB virus-C, the TT virus, and the SEN virus. Prevalence rates of the GB virus-C have ranged from 1.2% to 13% among healthy blood donors from all over the world. Higher prevalence rates have been reported among intravenous drug users. Similarly, the TT virus has a global distribution. However, in spite of numerous reports of the presence of both of these viruses in various kinds of liver diseases, definite evidence linking it to a specific disease or illness is lacking. The SEN virus is thought to be a novel viral agent that may be linked to cryptogenic chronic hepatitis, but data are awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Menon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Oubiña JR, Mathet V, Feld M, Della Latta MP, Ferrario D, Verdun R, Libonatti O, Fernández J, Carballal G, Sánchez DO, Quarleri JF. Genetic diversity of GBV-C/HGV strains among HIV infected-IVDU and blood donors from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Virus Res 1999; 65:121-9. [PMID: 10581385 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(99)00109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
GBV-C/HGV RNA was investigated in serum samples from 70 HIV(+) intravenous drug users (IVDU), as well as from 200 blood donors from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Viral RNA was demonstrated in 21 IVDU by reverse transcription-nested PCR of the 5' UTR. c-DNA amplified products were analyzed and their sequences compared with those downloaded from GenBank. A phylogenetic tree based on 171 sequences demonstrated the presence of three major genogroups, including two subgroups, within local samples, i.e. group 1 (n=1), 2a (n=11), 2b (n=4) and 3 (n=5). These results agreed entirely with those obtained by a novel RFLP (J. Clin. Microbiol. 37, 1340-1347, 1999) of the same 5' UTR amplicons. As expected, GBV-C/HGV RNA prevalence was significantly higher among IVDU than among blood donors (P<0.0001), although within the latter group an unexpectedly high rate was also detected, since 11 of 200 sera (5.5%) proved positive. These viral isolates were ascribed either to subgroup 2a (n=5), subgroup 2b (n=5) or genogroup 3 (n=1). Briefly, this partial view of GBV-C/HGV molecular epidemiology in Argentina shows: (i) different rates of GBV-C/HGV infection within both IVDU and blood donors; (ii) a high prevalence of viral RNA among blood donors; and (iii) a predominant circulation of genogroup 2, with minor contribution of groups 3 and 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Oubiña
- Laboratorio de Hepatitis Virales, Departamento Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, (1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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