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Rifamycin antibiotics and the mechanisms of their failure. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2021; 74:786-798. [PMID: 34400805 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-021-00462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rifamycins are a class of antibiotics that were first discovered in 1957 and are known for their use in treating tuberculosis (TB). Rifamycins exhibit bactericidal activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by inhibiting RNA polymerase (RNAP); however, resistance is prevalent and the mechanisms range from primary target modification and antibiotic inactivation to cytoplasmic exclusion. Further, phenotypic resistance, in which only a subpopulation of bacteria grow in concentrations exceeding their minimum inhibitory concentration, and tolerance, which is characterized by reduced rates of bacterial cell death, have been identified as additional causes of rifamycin failure. Here we summarize current understanding and recent developments regarding this critical antibiotic class.
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Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Produced by Gram-Negative Bacteria in Trinidad and Tobago. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:5582755. [PMID: 34475957 PMCID: PMC8408010 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5582755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacterial infections are a global health problem. The production of beta-lactamase is still the most vital factor leading to beta-lactam resistance. In Trinidad and Tobago, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production has been detected and reported mainly in the isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli and constitutes a public health emergency that causes high morbidity and mortality in some patients. In this literature review, the authors cover vast information on ESBL frequency and laboratory detection using both conventional and molecular methods from clinical data. The aim is to make the reader reflect on how the actual knowledge can be used for rapid detection and understanding of the spread of antimicrobial resistance problems stemming from ESBL production among common Gram-negative organisms in the health care system.
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Selvakumar V, Kannan K, Panneerselvam A, Suresh M, Nooruddin T, Pal K, Elkodous MA, Nada HG, El-Bastawisy HS, Tolba MM, Noureldeen A, Darwish H, Fayad E, Khairy WA, Nasser HA, El-Sayyad GS. Molecular identification of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing strains in clinical specimens from Tiruchirappalli, India. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Mechanisms of Resistance in Gram-Negative Urinary Pathogens: From Country-Specific Molecular Insights to Global Clinical Relevance. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11050800. [PMID: 33925181 PMCID: PMC8146862 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most frequent hospital infections and among the most commonly observed community acquired infections. Alongside their clinical importance, they are notorious because the pathogens that cause them are prone to acquiring various resistance determinants, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL); plasmid-encoded AmpC β-lactamases (p-AmpC); carbapenemases belonging to class A, B, and D; qnr genes encoding reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones; as well as genes encoding enzymes that hydrolyse aminoglycosides. In Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, the dominant resistance mechanisms are ESBLs belonging to the CTX-M, TEM, and SHV families; p-AmpC; and (more recently) carbapenemases belonging to classes A, B, and D. Urinary Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates harbour metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) and ESBLs belonging to PER and GES families, while carbapenemases of class D are found in urinary Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. The identification of resistance mechanisms in routine diagnostic practice is primarily based on phenotypic tests for the detection of beta-lactamases, such as the double-disk synergy test or Hodge test, while polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of resistance genes is mostly pursued in reference laboratories for research purposes. As the emergence of drug-resistant bacterial strains poses serious challenges in the management of UTIs, this review aimed to appraise mechanisms of resistance in relevant Gram-negative urinary pathogens, to provide a detailed map of resistance determinants in Croatia and the world, and to discuss the implications of these resistance traits on diagnostic approaches. We summarized a sundry of different resistance mechanisms among urinary isolates and showed how their prevalence highly depends on the local epidemiological context, highlighting the need for tailored interventions in the field of antimicrobial stewardship.
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Neyaz L, Rajagopal N, Wells H, Fakhr MK. Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Plasmids Associated With Strains Isolated From Various Retail Meats. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:223. [PMID: 32140145 PMCID: PMC7042431 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is considered one of the most important foodborne bacterial pathogens causing food poisoning and related illnesses. S. aureus strains harbor plasmids encoding genes for virulence and antimicrobial resistance, but few studies have investigated S. aureus plasmids, especially megaplasmids, in isolates from retail meats. Furthermore, knowledge about the distribution of genes encoding replication (rep) initiation proteins in food isolates is lacking. In this study, the prevalence of plasmids in S. aureus strains isolated from retail meats purchased in Oklahoma was investigated; furthermore, we evaluated associations between rep families, selected virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, and food source origin. Two hundred and twenty-two S. aureus isolates from chicken (n = 55), beef liver (n = 43), pork (n = 42), chicken liver (n = 29), beef (n = 24), turkey (n = 22), and chicken gizzards (n = 7) were subjected to plasmid screening with alkaline lysis and PFGE to detect small-to-medium sized and large plasmids, respectively. The S. aureus isolates contained variable sizes of plasmids, and PFGE was superior to alkaline lysis in detecting large megaplasmids. A total of 26 rep families were identified by PCR, and the most dominant rep families were rep10 and rep7 in 164 isolates (89%), rep21 in 124 isolates (56%), and rep12 in 99 isolates (45%). Relationships between selected rep genes, antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, and meat sources were detected. In conclusion, S. aureus strains isolated from retail meats harbor plasmids with various sizes and there is an association between rep genes on these plasmids and the meat source or the antimicrobial resistance of the strains harboring them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Neyaz
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Nisha Rajagopal
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Harrington Wells
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Mohamed K Fakhr
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
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6
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Li C, Zeng H, Zhang J, He W, Ling N, Chen M, Wu S, Lei T, Wu H, Ye Y, Ding Y, Wang J, Wei X, Zhang Y, Wu Q. Prevalence, Antibiotic Susceptibility, and Molecular Characterization of Cronobacter spp. Isolated From Edible Mushrooms in China. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:283. [PMID: 30863374 PMCID: PMC6399401 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter spp. are foodborne pathogens that can infect and cause life-threatening diseases in all age groups, particularly in infants and immunocompromised elderly. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and molecular characteristics of Cronobacter spp. isolates in edible mushrooms collected from 44 cities in China. In total, 668 edible mushrooms were collected from traditional retail markets and supermarkets and were analyzed by quantitative methods, PCR-based serotyping, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Among the 668 samples tested, 89 (13.32%) were positive for Cronobacter spp., and the contamination levels exceeded the 110 most probable number (MPN)/g in 13.48% (12/89) of the samples. Flammulina velutipes samples had the highest contamination rate of 17.54% (37/211), whereas Hypsizygus marmoreus samples had the lowest contamination rate of 3.28% (2/61). Ten serotypes were identified among 115 isolates, of which the C. sakazakii serogroup O1 (n = 32) was the primary serotype. MLST indicated that there was quite high genetic diversity in Cronobacter spp. and 72 sequence types were identified, 17 of which were new. Notably, C. sakazakii ST148 (n = 10) was the most prevalent, followed by C. malonaticus ST7 (n = 5). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that the majority of Cronobacter spp. strains were susceptible to the 16 antibiotics tested. However, a portion of isolates exhibited relatively high resistance to cephalothin, with resistance and intermediate rates of 93.91 and 6.09%, respectively. One isolate (cro300A) was multidrug-resistant, with resistance to five antibiotics. Overall, this large-scale study revealed the relatively high prevalence and high genetic diversity of Cronobacter spp. on edible mushrooms in China, indicating a potential public health concern. To our knowledge, this is the first large-scale and systematic study on the prevalence of Cronobacter spp. on edible mushrooms in China, and the findings can provide valuable information that can guide the establishment of effective measures for the control and precaution of Cronobacter spp on edible mushrooms during production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingwang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youxiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
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EKAPOPPHAN D, SRISUTTHAKARN A, MOONARMART W, BUDDHIRONGAWATR R, BANGPHOOMI N. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of microorganisms isolated from severe corneal ulcers of dogs in Thailand. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1259-1265. [PMID: 29925698 PMCID: PMC6115253 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine the microbiological profile and risk factors associated with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in canine severe corneal ulcers. Thirty-two corneal and conjunctival swabs were collected from dogs with diagnosed severe corneal ulcers that presented to Prasu-Arthorn veterinary teaching hospital in Nakhon Pathom, Thailand from June 2015 to June 2016. Microorganisms were identified by means of genotypic and phenotypic approaches. Of 32 ulcers sampled, 26 (81.3%) yielded culturable microorganisms with 24 bacterial isolates and 7 fungal isolates. The most commonly isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus spp. (45.8%, 11/24) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.8%, 5/24). Out of 11 staphylococcal isolates identified, 10 carried the mecA gene providing methicillin resistance. The extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) encoding genes blaCTX-M and blaVEB-1 were found in an Acinetobacter lwoffii isolate, and blaSHV was found in a P. aeruginosa isolate. Based on the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoint criteria, minimum inhibitory concentrations values showed that all bacteria, except for staphylococci, were susceptible to current ophthalmic antibiotics. More than 50% of staphylococci were resistant to all generations of fluoroquinolones and fusidic acid. Chloramphenicol was highly active against staphylococci (81.3% susceptible). The width (P=0.02) and the depth (P=0.04) of ulcers predicted greater risk of yielding resistant bacteria. The identification of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria prompts practitioners to be prudent when choosing ophthalmic antibiotics for severe corneal ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daneeya EKAPOPPHAN
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty
of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonton 4, Salaya, Phuttamonton,
Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Athicha SRISUTTHAKARN
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty
of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonton 4, Salaya, Phuttamonton,
Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Walasinee MOONARMART
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty
of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonton 4, Salaya, Phuttamonton,
Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Ruangrat BUDDHIRONGAWATR
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty
of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonton 4, Salaya, Phuttamonton,
Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Norasuthi BANGPHOOMI
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty
of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonton 4, Salaya, Phuttamonton,
Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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8
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Ling N, Li C, Zhang J, Wu Q, Zeng H, He W, Ye Y, Wang J, Ding Y, Chen M, Xue L, Ye Q, Guo W. Prevalence and Molecular and Antimicrobial Characteristics of Cronobacter spp. Isolated From Raw Vegetables in China. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1149. [PMID: 29922254 PMCID: PMC5996200 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter spp. is a foodborne pathogen that causes life-threatening and invasive diseases, such as necrotizing enterocolitis, meningitis, and sepsis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence, molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of Cronobacter spp. in raw vegetables marketed in China. Based on dietary habits in China, 403 raw vegetables that could be eaten without additional cooking were collected. Of the 403 samples tested, 122 (30.27%) were positive for Cronobacter spp., and the contamination levels exceeded 110 most probable number (MPN)/g for 16.39% (20/122) of the samples. Coriander samples had the highest contamination rate of 52.81%, and the MPN values of 19.15% of positive coriander samples exceeded 100 MPN/g. Eleven serotypes were identified among 171 isolates, with Cronobacter sakazakii serogroup O1 (41 isolates) being the dominant serotype. Molecular characterization indicated that there was quite high genetic diversity in Cronobacter spp., and multilocus sequence typing analyses yielded 106 sequence types (STs), 55 of which were newly identified. Notably, the most prevalent ST (eight isolates) was C. malonaticus ST60, which appeared in a recent clinical infectious disease study in China. Five C. sakazakii ST4, seven C. malonaticus ST7, and three C. sakazakii ST8 confirmed as pathogenic STs in other countries were also detected in this study. Furthermore, all isolates were susceptible to amikacin, amoxicillin-clavulanic, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem, but some isolates exhibited a high ratio of resistance to cephalothin (59.65%). In this study, the high contamination rate and the detection of pathogenic and new STs in raw vegetables indicated potential hazards to customers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to provide valuable information on the contamination status of Cronobacter spp. in vegetables that can be eaten raw in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ling
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengsi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingwang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
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Tajoadini M, Kheyrkhah B, Amini K. Detection of blaPER, blaGES and blaVEB Genes in Shigella sonnei Isolates from Patients with Diarrhea and Determination of Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern. JOURNAL OF ARDABIL UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/jarums.18.1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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10
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Espinal P, Miró E, Ramoneda L, Flores M, Rivera A, Coll P, Navarro F. Characterization of the Genetic Environment of theblaVEB-4Gene, Associated with a Transposable Region in aProteus mirabilisClinical Isolate. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 23:833-837. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Espinal
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisenda Miró
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Ramoneda
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Flores
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Rivera
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Coll
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Navarro
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Shi L, Liang Q, Zhan Z, Feng J, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Huang M, Tong Y, Wu W, Chen W, Li X, Yin Z, Wang J, Zhou D. Co-occurrence of 3 different resistance plasmids in a multi-drug resistant Cronobacter sakazakii isolate causing neonatal infections. Virulence 2017; 9:110-120. [PMID: 28771073 PMCID: PMC5955447 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1356537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii 505108 was isolated from a sputum specimen of a neonate with severe pneumonia. C. sakazakii 505108 co-harbors 3 resistance plasmids of the IncHI2, IncX3, and IncFIB incomparability groups, respectively. These 3 plasmids have acquired several accessory modules, which carry an extremely large number of resistance genes, especially including those involved in resistance to carbapenems, aminoglycoside, tetracyclines, and phenicols and sulphonamide/trimethoprim. These plasmid-borne antibiotic resistance genes were associated with insertion sequences, integrons, and transposons, indicating that the assembly and mobilization of the corresponding accessory modules with complex chimera structures are facilitated by transposition and/or homologous recombination. This is the first report of fully sequence plasmids in clinical Cronobacter, which provides a deeper insight into plasmid-mediated multi-drug resistance in Cronobacter from hospital settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lining Shi
- a Institute of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Quanhui Liang
- b Department of Clinical Laboratory , The First People's Hospital of Foshan , Foshan , China
| | - Zhe Zhan
- c State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing , China
| | - Jiao Feng
- c State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing , China
| | - Yachao Zhao
- c State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing , China
| | - Yong Chen
- a Institute of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Mei Huang
- a Institute of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yigang Tong
- c State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing , China
| | - Weili Wu
- d Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Weijun Chen
- d Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- a Institute of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Zhe Yin
- c State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing , China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- b Department of Clinical Laboratory , The First People's Hospital of Foshan , Foshan , China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- c State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing , China
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Berthold-Pluta A, Garbowska M, Stefańska I, Pluta A. Microbiological quality of selected ready-to-eat leaf vegetables, sprouts and non-pasteurized fresh fruit-vegetable juices including the presence of Cronobacter spp. Food Microbiol 2017; 65:221-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Ma L, Li AD, Yin XL, Zhang T. The Prevalence of Integrons as the Carrier of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Natural and Man-Made Environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5721-5728. [PMID: 28426231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Class 1 integrase intI1 has been considered as a good proxy for anthropogenic pollution because of being linked to genes conferring resistance to antibiotics. The gene cassettes of class 1 integrons could carry diverse antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and conduct horizontal gene transfer among microorganisms. The present study applied high-throughput sequencing technique combined with an intI1 database and genome assembly to quantify the abundance of intI1 in 64 environmental samples from 8 ecosystems, and to investigate the diverse arrangements of ARG-carrying gene cassettes (ACGCs) carried by class 1 integrons. The abundance of detected intI1 ranged from 3.83 × 10-4 to 4.26 × 10° intI1/cell. High correlation (Pearson's r = 0.852) between intI1 and ARG abundance indicated that intI1 could be considered as an important indicator of ARGs in environments. Aminoglycoside resistance genes were most frequently observed on gene cassettes, carried by 57% assembled ACGCs, followed by trimethoprim and beta-lactam resistance genes. This study established the pipeline for broad monitoring of intI1 in various environmental samples and scanning the ARGs carried by integrons. These findings supplemented our knowledge on the distribution of class 1 integrons and ARGs carried on mobile genetic elements, benefiting future studies on horizontal gene transfer of ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ma
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - An-Dong Li
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - Xiao-Le Yin
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - Tong Zhang
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
- International Center for Antibiotic Resistance in the Environment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen, China
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Fróes AM, da Mota FF, Cuadrat RRC, Dávila AMR. Distribution and Classification of Serine β-Lactamases in Brazilian Hospital Sewage and Other Environmental Metagenomes Deposited in Public Databases. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1790. [PMID: 27895627 PMCID: PMC5108929 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
β-lactam is the most used antibiotic class in the clinical area and it acts on blocking the bacteria cell wall synthesis, causing cell death. However, some bacteria have evolved resistance to these antibiotics mainly due the production of enzymes known as β-lactamases. Hospital sewage is an important source of dispersion of multidrug-resistant bacteria in rivers and oceans. In this work, we used next-generation DNA sequencing to explore the diversity and dissemination of serine β-lactamases in two hospital sewage from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (South Zone, SZ and North Zone, NZ), presenting different profiles, and to compare them with public environmental data available. Also, we propose a Hidden-Markov-Model approach to screen potential serine β-lactamases genes (in public environments samples and generated hospital sewage data), exploring its evolutionary relationships. Due to the high variability in β-lactamases, we used a position-specific scoring matrix search method (RPS-BLAST) against conserved domain database profiles (CDD, Pfam, and COG) followed by visual inspection to detect conserved motifs, to increase the reliability of the results and remove possible false positives. We were able to identify novel β-lactamases from Brazilian hospital sewage and to estimate relative abundance of its types. The highest relative abundance found in SZ was the Class A (50%), while Class D is predominant in NZ (55%). CfxA (65%) and ACC (47%) types were the most abundant genes detected in SZ, while in NZ the most frequent were OXA-10 (32%), CfxA (28%), ACC (21%), CEPA (20%), and FOX (19%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed β-lactamases from Brazilian hospital sewage grouped in the same clade and close to sequences belonging to Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes groups, but distant from potential β-lactamases screened from public environmental data, that grouped closer to β-lactamases of Proteobacteria. Our results demonstrated that HMM-based approach identified homologs of serine β-lactamases, indicating the specificity and high sensitivity of this approach in large datasets, contributing for the identification and classification of a large number of homologous genes, comprising possible new ones. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the potential reservoir of β-lactam resistance genes in the environment, contributing to understanding the evolution and dissemination of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Fróes
- Laboratório de Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio F da Mota
- Laboratório de Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael R C Cuadrat
- Laboratório de Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alberto M R Dávila
- Laboratório de Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Jain S, Gaind R, Kothari C, Sehgal R, Shamweel A, Thukral SS, Chellani HK. VEB-1 extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis sepsis outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit in India: clinical and diagnostic implications. JMM Case Rep 2016; 3:e005056. [PMID: 28348778 PMCID: PMC5330246 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, are increasingly implicated in nosocomial outbreaksworldwide, particularly in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Proteus mirabilis is an uncommon nosocomial pathogen causing sepsis in neonates. Case Presentation: We report an outbreak of ESBL-positive MDR P. mirabilis sepsis involving five babies within 10 days in a NICU, which was promptly detected and managed. The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular mechanism of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) in the bacteria. Surveillance cultures were collected from health-care personnel (hand swabs, urine) and the surrounding patient-care environment. Ribotyping was performed to determine the clonality of the strain. Thirteen P. mirabilis were recovered from the blood cultures of the five babies and surveillance cultures. Twelve isolates were positive for the VEB-1 ESBL type, and were susceptible only to ciprofloxacin and carbapenems. There was an unusual phenotypic synergy observed between the 3GCs and imipenem/cefoxitin. The source of infection was traced to a contaminated multidose vial. The outbreak was associated with a high mortality (80 %). A change of empirical antibiotic policy to ciprofloxacin, with strict infection control measures, brought the outbreak to an abrupt end. Conclusion: This is believed to be the first report of a nosocomial outbreak of VEB-1 ESBL-producing P. mirabilis sepsis in neonates from India. The present report of infection due to VEB-1-producing P. mirabilis, an uncommon pathogen for an epidemic in a neonatal unit, highlights the growing significance of such Gram-negative bacteria as a cause of infections in newborns. Epidemic spread in a neonatal unit of an ESBL-producing Proteus species, which also had an intrinsically reduced susceptibility to imipenem, and resistance to colistin and tigecycline, can be a threatening situation and can result in high neonatal mortality unless recognized and controlled in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Jain
- Department of Microbiology, VMMC and Safdarjang Hospital , New Delhi 110029 , India
| | - Rajni Gaind
- Department of Microbiology, VMMC and Safdarjang Hospital , New Delhi 110029 , India
| | - Charu Kothari
- Department of Microbiology, VMMC and Safdarjang Hospital , New Delhi 110029 , India
| | - Rachna Sehgal
- Department of Pediatrics, VMMC and Safdarjang Hospital , New Delhi 110029 , India
| | - A Shamweel
- Department of Microbiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute , New Delhi , India
| | - S S Thukral
- Department of Microbiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute , New Delhi , India
| | - Harish K Chellani
- Department of Pediatrics, VMMC and Safdarjang Hospital , New Delhi 110029 , India
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16
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Zurfluh K, Nüesch-Inderbinen M, Morach M, Zihler Berner A, Hächler H, Stephan R. Extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from vegetables imported from the Dominican Republic, India, Thailand, and Vietnam. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:3115-20. [PMID: 25724954 PMCID: PMC4393435 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00258-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine to what extent fresh vegetables imported into Switzerland represent carriers of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, 169 samples of different types of fresh vegetables imported into Switzerland from the Dominican Republic, India, Thailand, and Vietnam were analyzed. Overall, 25.4% of the vegetable samples yielded one or more ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, 78.3% of which were multidrug resistant. Sixty isolates were obtained: Escherichia coli, 26; Klebsiella pneumoniae, 26; Enterobacter cloacae, 6; Enterobacter aerogenes, 1; and Cronobacter sakazakii, 1. We found 29 isolates producing CTX-M-15, 8 producing CTX-M-14, 7 producing CTX-M-55, 3 producing CTX-M-65, 1 each producing CTX-M-1, CTX-M-3, CTX-M-27, and CTX-M-63, 5 producing SHV-2, 3 producing SHV-12, and 1 producing SHV-2a. Four of the E. coli isolates belonged to epidemiologically important clones: CTX-M-15-producing B2:ST131 (1 isolate), D:ST405 (1 isolate), and D:ST38 (2 isolates). One of the D:ST38 isolates belonged to the extraintestinal enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) D:ST38 lineage. Two of the K. pneumoniae isolates belonged to the epidemic clones sequence type 15 (ST15) and ST147. The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic and commensal Enterobacteriaceae in imported agricultural foodstuffs constitutes a source of ESBL genes and a concern for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Zurfluh
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marina Morach
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Herbert Hächler
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Singh N, Goel G, Raghav M. Prevalence and Characterization of Cronobacter spp. from Various Foods, Medicinal Plants, and Environmental Samples. Curr Microbiol 2015; 71:31-8. [PMID: 25855303 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-015-0816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dairy or non-dairy based products were explored to determine the prevalence, molecular characterization, and antibiotic susceptibility of Cronobacter spp. The isolation was done as per ISO 22964:2006 on chromogenic media followed by further confirmation by biochemical- and 16S rRNA-based identification. From 219 samples, the chromogenic agar assay and biochemical tests yielded presumptive 45 isolates. Among them, only 36 isolates showed 282 bp band amplified from ITS-G gene confirming as Cronobacter sakazakii. The Cronobacter spp. prevalence was highest in herbs and spices (34 %) while environmental samples had contamination rates of 23 % indicating plants as a possible reservoir of this pathogen. All the isolates were resistant to β-lactam derivatives (68 %), macrolides (88.6 %), and aminoglycosides (79.9 %) but susceptible to phenicoles (31.6 %) and tetracyclines (15 %) derivatives. The results emphasize the screening of plant materials before their incorporation in food matrices.
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MESH Headings
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Bacterial Typing Techniques
- Cluster Analysis
- Cronobacter/classification
- Cronobacter/drug effects
- Cronobacter/genetics
- Cronobacter/isolation & purification
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics
- Environmental Microbiology
- Food Microbiology
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests
- Phylogeny
- Plants, Medicinal/microbiology
- Prevalence
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, 173234, India
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18
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Apisarnthanarak A, Kiratisin P, Mundy LM. Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Healthcare-Associated Infections Due to Extended-Spectrumβ-Lactamase (ESBL)–Producing Strains ofEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaeThat Harbor Multiple ESBL Genes. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015; 29:1026-34. [DOI: 10.1086/591864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Objectives.To characterize healthcare-associated infections due to extended-spectrumβ-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains ofEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaethat harbor multiple ESBL genes, as opposed to a single ESBL gene.Methods.All patients with a confirmed healthcare-associated infection due to an ESBL-producing strain ofE. coliorK. pneumoniaewere enrolled in the study. Molecular typing of isolates was performed, and the comparative risks and outcomes of patients were analyzed.Results.Among 71 patients with healthcare-associated infection due to an ESBL-producing strain ofE. coliorK. pneumoniae, the gene for CTX-M, with or without other ESBL genes, was identified in all 51 (100%) of the patients infected with anE. colistrain and in 18 (90%) of the 20 patients infected with aK. pneumoniaestrain. Of these 71 patients, 17 (24%) met the definition of healthcare-associated infection due to an ESBL-producing strain that harbored multiple genes; in multivariate analysis, previous exposure to 3 or more classes of antibiotics (adjusted odds ratio, 4.5 [95% confidence interval, 1.7-75.2]) was the sole risk factor for healthcare-associated infection due to an ESBL-producing strain that harbored multiple ESBL genes. Isolates recovered from patients with healthcare-associated infection due to an ESBL-producing strain that harbored multiple ESBL genes were more resistant to various antibiotic classes, and, compared with patients with healthcare-associated infection due to an ESBL-producing strain that harbored a single ESBL gene, they were more likely to have ineffective initial empirical antimicrobial therapy (52% vs 94%; odds ratio, 5.1 [95% confidence interval, 1.04-14.5]).Conclusions.CTX-M ESBL is highly prevalent in Thailand. Patients with healthcare-associated infection due to an ESBL-producing strain that harbored multiple ESBL genes were more likely to have had ineffective initial empirical antimicrobial therapy, and, given that antibiotic selection pressure was the only associated risk, we suggest focused antimicrobial stewardship programs to limit the emergence and spread of healthcare-associated infection due to ESBL-producing strains in this middle-income country.
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19
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Zhang J, Zheng B, Zhao L, Wei Z, Ji J, Li L, Xiao Y. Nationwide high prevalence of CTX-M and an increase of CTX-M-55 in Escherichia coli isolated from patients with community-onset infections in Chinese county hospitals. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:659. [PMID: 25466590 PMCID: PMC4265337 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-014-0659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to investigate the epidemiology, molecular characteristics, and distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli from community-onset infections in Chinese county hospitals. METHODS E. coli isolates were collected from patients with community-onset infections in 30 county hospitals. ESBL activity was confirmed by double-disc diffusion. Genetic confirmation and molecular typing of ESBL- and AmpC-producing isolates was determined by PCR and DNA sequencing. ESBL-positive isolates were further characterised by multi-locus sequence typing. RESULTS Of 550 E. coli isolates, 256 (46.5%) carried ESBL genes and all were of the CTX-M type. The prevalence of ESBL-producing strains varied from 30.2% to 57.0% across different regions of China. Overall, 12 bla CTX-M subtypes were detected; the most abundant were bla CTX-M-14 (163/256 isolates, 64.5%), bla CTX-M-55 (47/256, 18.4%), and bla CTX-M-15 (31/256, 12.1%). CMY-2-like AmpC β-lactamases were detected in 11 strains, three of which co-existed with bla CTX-M. A total of 64 sequence types (STs) were detected in 256 ESBL-producing strains, including nine that were new. ST131 was the most abundant type (27 isolates, 12.7%), followed by ST69 (14 isolates, 6.6%), ST405 (14 isolates, 6.6%), and ST38 (12 isolates, 5.6%). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that the widespread prevalence of ESBLs among outpatient infections has reached a high level in county hospitals. The CTX-M genotype was most dominant, comprising a variety of subtypes. This is the first time the incidence of CTX-M-55 has exceeded that of CTX-M-15 in China. No predominant ST was detected, suggesting that ESBL-producing E. coli strains originate in different clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Beiwen Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Lina Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Zeqing Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Jinru Ji
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Yonghong Xiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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20
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Mezzatesta ML, Gona F, Stefani S. Enterobacter cloacae complex: clinical impact and emerging antibiotic resistance. Future Microbiol 2014; 7:887-902. [PMID: 22827309 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.12.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of the Enterobacter cloacae complex are widely encountered in nature, but they can act as pathogens. The biochemical and molecular studies on E. cloacae have shown genomic heterogeneity, comprising six species: Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter asburiae, Enterobacter hormaechei, Enterobacter kobei, Enterobacter ludwigii and Enterobacter nimipressuralis, E. cloacae and E. hormaechei are the most frequently isolated in human clinical specimens. Phenotypic identification of all species belonging to this taxon is usually difficult and not always reliable; therefore, molecular methods are often used. Although the E. cloacae complex strains are among the most common Enterobacter spp. causing nosocomial bloodstream infections in the last decade, little is known about their virulence-associated properties. By contrast, much has been published on the antibiotic-resistance features of these microorganisms. In fact, they are capable of overproducing AmpC β-lactamases by derepression of a chromosomal gene or by the acquisition of a transferable ampC gene on plasmids conferring the antibiotic resistance. Many other resistance determinants that are able to render ineffective almost all antibiotic families have been recently acquired. Most studies on antimicrobial susceptibility are focused on E. cloacae, E. hormaechei and E. asburiae; these studies reported small variations between the species, and the only significant differences had no discriminating features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lina Mezzatesta
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy.
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21
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Sub-inhibitory concentrations of trans-cinnamaldehyde attenuate virulence in Cronobacter sakazakii in vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:8639-55. [PMID: 24837831 PMCID: PMC4057751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15058639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is a foodborne pathogen, which causes a life-threatening form of meningitis, necrotizing colitis and meningoencephalitis in neonates and children. Epidemiological studies implicate dried infant formula as the principal source of C. sakazakii. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of sub-inhibitory concentrations (SIC) of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), an ingredient in cinnamon, for reducing C. sakazakii virulence in vitro using cell culture, microscopy and gene expression assays. TC significantly (p ≤ 0.05) suppressed C. sakazakii adhesion to and invasion of human and rat intestinal epithelial cells, and human brain microvascular endothelial cells. In addition, TC inhibited C. sakazakii survival and replication in human macrophages. We also observed that TC reduced the ability of C. sakazakii to cause cell death in rat intestinal cells, by inhibiting nitric oxide production. Results from gene expression studies revealed that TC significantly downregulated the virulence genes critical for motility, host tissue adhesion and invasion, macrophage survival, and LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) synthesis in C. sakazakii. The efficacy of TC in attenuating these major virulence factors in C. sakazakii underscores its potential use in the prevention and/or control of infection caused by this pathogen.
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22
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Computational gene network study on antibiotic resistance genes of Acinetobacter baumannii. Comput Biol Med 2014; 48:17-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Li Y, Chen Q, Zhao J, Jiang H, Lu F, Bie X, Lu Z. Isolation, identification and antimicrobial resistance of Cronobacter spp. isolated from various foods in China. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Chen CH, Huang CC. Risk factor analysis for extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacter cloacae bloodstream infections in central Taiwan. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:417. [PMID: 24010678 PMCID: PMC3846452 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterobacter cloacae (E.cloacae) bloodstream infection (EcBSI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, with an increasing incidence in our hospital. We wanted to elucidate the risk factors of mortality among patients with ESBL-positive EcBSI in central Taiwan. METHODS We ordered the clinical and microbiological data of cases with diagnosis of EcBSI, and analyzed the isolates by using antibiotyping, detection of ESBL, detection of class 1 integron and genomic fingerprinting by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS Seventy episodes of EcBSI from 70 patients (56 hospital-acquired infections) were enrolled. Significant differences were found between ESBL-positive and ESBL-negative isolates with regard to risk factors, including the diseases severity (p = 0.03), category of health care-associated infection (p = 0.04), prior use of antibiotics (p = 0.023), and prior use of a ventilator (p = 0.037). A significant difference in mortality between two groups (p = 0.004) was determined using the chi-square test, and a trend in mortality between two groups (p = 0.006, OR = 4.750, 95% C.I.=1.573-14.344) was determined using univariate logistic regression analysis. The predominant clone in ESBL-positive strains was associated with a higher mortality rate but not with the presence of the integron. CONCLUSIONS The study disclosed four types of clinical characteristics to obtain ESBL-positive EcBSI, and there was a trend in mortality too. We suggested the need to review antibiotic prescription practices, and the possible need to consider ESBL-positive strains in empirical treatment of bloodstream infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hua Chen
- College of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, No, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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26
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Dubey D, Padhy RN. Antibacterial activity of Lantana camara L. against multidrug resistant pathogens from ICU patients of a teaching hospital. J Herb Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Messaoudi A, Belguith H, Ben Hamida J. Homology modeling and virtual screening approaches to identify potent inhibitors of VEB-1 β-lactamase. Theor Biol Med Model 2013; 10:22. [PMID: 23547944 PMCID: PMC3668210 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4682-10-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND blaVEB-1 is an integron-located extended-spectrum β-lactamase gene initially detected in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from south-east Asia. Several recent studies have reported that VEB-1-positive strains are highly resistant to ceftazidime, cefotaxime and aztreonam antibiotics. One strategy to overcome resistance involves administering antibiotics together with β-lactamase inhibitors during the treatment of infectious diseases. During this study, four VEB-1 β-lactamase inhibitors were identified using computer-aided drug design. METHODS The SWISS-MODEL tool was utilized to generate three dimensional structures of VEB-1 β-lactamase, and the 3D model VEB-1 was verified using PROCHECK, ERRAT and VERIFY 3D programs. Virtual screening was performed by docking inhibitors obtained from the ZINC Database to the active site of the VEB-1 protein using AutoDock Vina software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Homology modeling studies were performed to obtain a three-dimensional structure of VEB-1 β-lactamase. The generated model was validated, and virtual screening of a large chemical ligand library with docking simulations was performed using AutoDock software with the ZINC database. On the basis of the dock-score, four molecules were subjected to ADME/TOX analysis, with ZINC4085364 emerging as the most potent inhibitor of the VEB-1 β-lactamase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmonaem Messaoudi
- Unité de Protéomie Fonctionnelle and Biopréservation Alimentaire, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 09, Rue Docteur Zouheïr Safi - 1006, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Chouchani C, El Salabi A, Marrakchi R, Abouelkacem N, Walsh TR. Occurrence of clinical isolates ofKlebsiella pneumoniaeharboring chromosomally mediated and plasmid-mediated CTX-M-15 β-lactamase in a Tunisian hospital. Can J Microbiol 2012; 58:1099-103. [DOI: 10.1139/w2012-089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The spread of multidrug-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae in hospitals is of concern to clinical microbiologists, health care professionals, and physicians because of the impact infections caused by these bacteria have in causing morbidity and mortality. Clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae have been found to show resistance to third-generation cephalosporins as a result of acquiring extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing genes, such as blaCTX-M. Since little is known about the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance observed in Kasserine hospital, Tunisia, this study was undertaken to investigate the mechanisms by which clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae resist β-lactam antibiotics. Twelve strains of K. pneumoniae were collected from patients admitted to Kasserine hospital; these isolates showed multiresistance phenotypes. Molecular genetics investigations using polymerase chain reaction, S1 digestion, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresisshowed that blaCTX-M-15in association with ISEcp1 is responsible for the resistance of these strains to third-generation cephalosporins. It has been determined that blaCTX-M-15is chromosomally mediated and plasmid mediated, which alarming need for infection control to prevent the outbreak of such a resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chedly Chouchani
- Université de Carthage, Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l’Environnement de Borj-Cedria, Technopôle de Borj-Cedria, B.P. 1003, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisie
| | - Allaaeddin El Salabi
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Rim Marrakchi
- Université de Carthage, Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l’Environnement de Borj-Cedria, Technopôle de Borj-Cedria, B.P. 1003, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisie
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, 2092 El-ManarII, Tunisia
| | - Nader Abouelkacem
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hôpital Régionale de Kasserine, 1200 Kasserine, Tunisia
| | - Timothy R. Walsh
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
- Clinical Centre for Research, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4169, Australia
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Kilonzo-Nthenge A, Rotich E, Godwin S, Nahashon S, Chen F. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Cronobacter sakazakii isolated from domestic kitchens in middle Tennessee, United States. J Food Prot 2012; 75:1512-7. [PMID: 22856579 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that has been implicated in cases of severe meningitis, sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis in premature and full-term infants. In this study, the prevalence of C. sakazakii was estimated in selected domestic kitchens in middle Tennessee. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of these C. sakazakii isolates were examined for points of public health significance. A total of 234 contact sites in 78 domestic kitchens were tested for C. sakazakii. Consumers' used dishcloths and cleaning sponges were also tested. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the identified C. sakazakii isolates was determined for 10 antimicrobial drugs by means of the disk diffusion method. C. sakazakii was recovered from 26.9% of domestic kitchens visited. Multidrug resistance was observed; the highest resistance was to penicillin (76.1% of isolates) followed by tetracycline (66.6%), ciprofloxacin (57.1%), and nalidixic acid (47.6%). None of the C. sakazakii isolates were resistant to gentamicin. These results suggest that antibiotic-resistant C. sakazakii could be present at various sites in domestic kitchens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kilonzo-Nthenge
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37209-1561, USA.
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Detection, antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation of Cronobacter spp. from various foods in Korea. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Group IIC intron with an unusual target of integration in Enterobacter cloacae. J Bacteriol 2011; 194:150-60. [PMID: 22020643 DOI: 10.1128/jb.05786-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A potential role of group IIC-attC introns in integron gene cassette formation, that is, the way in which they could provide the attC sequence essential for recombination, has been proposed. Group IIC introns usually target the attC site of gene cassettes and more specifically their inverse core. Here we characterized a novel group IIC intron targeting the core site of the aadA1 gene cassette attC site (aadA1-qacEΔ1 gene cassette junction) from enterobacterial isolates. Intron mobility (retrohoming) was analyzed using a two-plasmid assay performed in Escherichia coli. Intron mobility assays confirmed the mobilization-integration of the group II intron into the core site of the aadA2, bla(VIM-2), bla(CARB-2), aac(6')-Ib, dfrXVb, arr2, cmlA4, and aadB gene cassettes but not into the attI site. This mobility was dependent on maturase activity. Reverse transcriptase PCR showed that this intron was transcriptionally active, and an intermediate circular form was detected by inverse PCR. This element was linked to the bla(VEB-1) extended-spectrum β-lactamase gene in a high number of enterobacterial isolates. A phylogenetic tree showed that the identified element was located in a branch separate from group IIC-attC introns, being an IIC intron possessing the ability to integrate using the core site of the attC sites as target.
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Prevalence, genetic diversity, and antibiotic susceptibility of Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii) isolated from Sunshik, its ingredients and soils. Food Sci Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-011-0130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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33
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Siebor E, Neuwirth C. The new variant of Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1-V) from a Proteus mirabilis French clinical isolate harbours blaVEB-6 and qnrA1 in the multiple antibiotic resistance region. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:2513-20. [PMID: 21846670 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The clinical strain of Proteus mirabilis VB1248 isolated from a blood culture in August 2009 was multiresistant (i.e. resistant to β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and sulphonamides). We searched for the presence of a Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1). METHODS The whole genetic structure surrounding the genes involved in antibiotic resistance was characterized by PCR or gene walking followed by DNA sequencing. RESULTS The new variant SGI1-V (42.9 kb) was located downstream of the thdF chromosomal gene. Genes sharing homology with phage-related genes were detected on a structure of 8.3 kb located between the right junction of the SGI1-V and the hipB/hipA genes. Some genetic rearrangements occurred in the SGI1-V backbone: an insertion of 2349 bp within the open reading frame (ORF) S014, and a deletion of 3766 bp in the region spanning from ORFs S021 to S025 leading to the lack of ORFs S023 and S024. The multidrug resistance (MDR) region of 17.1 kb was located on a complex class 1 integron extremely different from those described so far. The cassette array included aacA4, aadB and dhfrA1. Adjacent to this classical structure, bla(VEB-6) was found flanked by 135 bp elements and bracketed by two 3'-conserved segments (3'-CS). Downstream of the second copy of 3'-CS, the qnrA1 gene was associated with common region 1. CONCLUSIONS We have identified in P. mirabilis the new variant SGI1-V containing the bla(VEB-6) and qnrA1 genes in the MDR region. This is the first report of an extended-spectrum β-lactamase-encoding gene and a qnr determinant conferring resistance to quinolones on an SGI1-like structure. It might constitute a source of spread of resistance to other bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Siebor
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, University Hospital of Dijon, Plateau technique de Biologie, BP 37013, 21070 Dijon cedex, France
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34
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Wu R, Alexander T, Li J, Munns K, Sharma R, McAllister T. Prevalence and diversity of class 1 integrons and resistance genes in antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli originating from beef cattle administered subtherapeutic antimicrobials. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:511-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Zhou X, Fu S, Gao J, Chen H. Enterobacter sakazakii: an emerging foodborne pathogenic bacterium. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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36
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OXA-163, an OXA-48-related class D β-lactamase with extended activity toward expanded-spectrum cephalosporins. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:2546-51. [PMID: 21422200 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00022-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two bla(OXA-48)-like-positive isolates (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae) were recovered in Argentina in 2008 as part of a large-scale survey focused on multidrug resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. In both cases, sequencing identified β-lactamase OXA-163, differing from OXA-48 by a single amino substitution and a 4-amino-acid deletion. OXA-163 hydrolyzed penicillins, ceftazidime, and cefotaxime, whereas OXA-48 did not. However, OXA-163 had a much lower ability to hydrolyze carbapenems than OXA-48, therefore barely being considered a carbapenemase. In both isolates, the bla(OXA-163) gene was located on plasmids that differed in structure and size. However, a detailed genetic analysis revealed a similar genetic context in those isolates, with the bla(OXA-163) gene being bracketed by novel transposase genes, making this genetic environment different from that reported for the bla(OXA-48) gene. This study identified the first class D β-lactamase compromising both extended-spectrum cephalosporin and carbapenem activities.
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Phongpaichit S, Tunyapanit W, Pruekprasert P. Antimicrobial Resistance, Class 1 Integrons and Extended-Spectrum .BETA.-Lactamases in Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates from Patients in South Thailand. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.57.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Shahcheraghi F, Nikbin VS, Feizabadi MM. Prevalence of ESBLs genes among multidrug-resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients in Tehran. Microb Drug Resist 2010; 15:37-9. [PMID: 19265477 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2009.0880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug susceptibility testing and PCR assay were used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and prevalence of genes encoding five different extended spectrum betalactamases (ESBLs) (PER, VEB, SHV, GES, and TEM) among 600 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultured from patients at two hospitals in Tehran. Susceptibility of isolates to 12 different antibiotics was tested using disk diffusion method. The MICs for ceftazidime and imipenem were also determined using microbroth dilution assay. Isolates showing MICs >or=16 for ceftazidime were subjected to PCR targeting bla(SHV), bla(PER), bla(GES), bla(VEB), and bla(TEM) genes that encode ESBL. The rates of resistance were as follows: tetracycline (92%), carbenicillin (62%), cefotaxime (56%), ceftriaxon (53%), piperacilin (46%), gentamicin (31%), piperacilin/tazobactam (28%), ceftazidime (25%), amikacin (23%), ciprofloxacin (19.5%), and imipenem (6%). Thirty-nine percent of isolates (n = 234) showed MICs >or=16 microg/ml for ceftazidime, and 5.45% showed MICs >or=16 microg/ml for imepenem. The imipenem-resistant isolates showed high rate of susceptibility to colistin (89%) and polymixin B (95.5%). The frequency of bla(VEB), bla(SHV), bla(PER), bla(GES), and bla(TEM) among the ESBL isolates (MIC >or=16) were 24%, 22%, 17%, 0%, and 9%, respectively. Isolates containing bla(VEB) were resistant to almost all tested antibiotics except imepenem. This is the first report on the existence of bla(VEB), and bla(PER) in Iran. Colistin and polymixin B are highly potent against the imipenem-resistant isolates of P. aeruginosa.
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Doublet B, Poirel L, Praud K, Nordmann P, Cloeckaert A. European clinical isolate of Proteus mirabilis harbouring the Salmonella genomic island 1 variant SGI1-O. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65:2260-2. [PMID: 20682564 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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40
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Ko KS, Lee JY, Baek JY, Suh JY, Lee MY, Choi JY, Yeom JS, Kim YS, Jung SI, Shin SY, Heo ST, Kwon KT, Son JS, Kim SW, Chang HH, Ki HK, Chung DR, Peck KR, Song JH. Predominance of an ST11 extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clone causing bacteraemia and urinary tract infections in Korea. J Med Microbiol 2010; 59:822-828. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.018119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the antimicrobial resistance, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and clones of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates causing bacteraemia or urinary tract infection (UTI) in Korea, a total of 406 K. pneumoniae isolates from patients with bacteraemia (221 isolates) and UTI (185 isolates) were collected from 10 tertiary-care Korean hospitals from July 2006 to October 2007. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for all isolates and ESBL production was tested. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analyses were performed to characterize genotypes of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates. PFGE was performed for sequence type 11 (ST11) isolates. Forty-seven UTI isolates (25.4 %) produced ESBLs, while 30 bacteraemia isolates (13.6 %) produced ESBLs (P=0.002). Among 77 ESBL-producing isolates, thirty-two (41.6 %) produced SHV-type ESBLs. bla
CTX-M genes such as bla
CTX-M-14 and bla
CTX-M-15 were detected in 36.4 %. MLST and PFGE analyses showed that ST11 was dominant in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates causing UTI (57.4 %) and in those causing bacteraemia (70.0 %) and has been prevalent in Korean hospitals. ST11 isolates harbour a combination of different ESBL genes. The ST11 clone of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates prevails in Korea, but most isolates might acquire ESBL genes independently or several different clones might be distributed in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Soo Ko
- Asian-Pacific Research Foundation for Infectious Diseases (ARFID), Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Asian-Pacific Research Foundation for Infectious Diseases (ARFID), Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yang Baek
- Asian-Pacific Research Foundation for Infectious Diseases (ARFID), Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoeun Suh
- Asian-Pacific Research Foundation for Infectious Diseases (ARFID), Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Lee
- Asian-Pacific Research Foundation for Infectious Diseases (ARFID), Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Choi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Sup Yeom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 110-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-In Jung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yop Shin
- Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 690-716, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Taek Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Kwon
- Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu 701-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Seong Son
- East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyunghee University, Seoul 134-727, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Woo Kim
- Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ha Chang
- Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyun Ki
- Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul 143-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Ryeon Chung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Ran Peck
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
- Asian-Pacific Research Foundation for Infectious Diseases (ARFID), Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
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41
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Lee EJ, Park JH. Biocontrol of Isolated Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii) by Heat, Sanitizer, and Antibiotic. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2010. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2010.30.3.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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42
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Smet A, Martel A, Persoons D, Dewulf J, Heyndrickx M, Herman L, Haesebrouck F, Butaye P. Broad-spectrum β-lactamases amongEnterobacteriaceaeof animal origin: molecular aspects, mobility and impact on public health. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2010; 34:295-316. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2009.00198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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43
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Zhang Z, Guo X, Zhang Q. Prevalence characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among Escherichia coli isolates collected in Zhengzhou. J Clin Lab Anal 2010; 23:404-7. [PMID: 19927355 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence and the diversity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) among Escherichia coli isolates in Zhengzhou, China. METHODS Clinical isolates were collected and investigated from the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University and its associated health-care facilities in Zhengzhou, China, during the period from January 2006 to June 2008. Antibiograms were performed on Mueller-Hinton agar plates with the disc-diffusion method and MICs were determined by the agar-dilution method. Total DNA was extracted with a Qiagen mini kit and screened by PCR. RESULTS Of 94 nonduplicate ESBL-positive isolates, TEM-type was encoded in 74 and 79% of the ESBL isolates. Fifty-six isolates were SHV type ESBLs. CTX-M-1, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-25, and CTX-M-38 types were encoded in 30, 54, 6, and 4, respectively. OXA-1-type beta-lactamases were encoded in six and OXA-20-type was encoded in two isolates. CONCLUSIONS We describe a complex ESBL epidemiology. The study revealed a high rate of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates. TEM and CTX-M enzymes dominated in ESBL-positive E. coli isolates in Zhengzhou, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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44
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PER-6, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Aeromonas allosaccharophila. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:1619-22. [PMID: 20145085 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01585-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An Aeromonas allosaccharophila environmental isolate recovered from the Seine River (Paris, France) produced a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, PER-6, that shared 92% amino acid identity with the closest ss-lactamase, PER-2. The kinetic properties of PER-6 showed a slightly increased affinity for carbapenems. The bla(PER-6) gene was chromosomally located and bracketed by non-transposon-related structures.
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Abstract
Species of the Cronobacter genus ("Enterobacter sakazakii" s. l.) are emergent food-borne pathogens that can cause rare but severe neonatal meningitis, bacteriaemia, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Preterm, low-birth-weight, and immuno-compromised infants exposed to these bacterial species are at particular risk. Over the last 50 years, the literature has reported, mainly in newborn children, more than one hundred cases of infection due to these pathogens. The objective of this review was to synthesize the recent advances in knowledge of species of the Cronobacter genus, in particular with regards to taxonomy, physiology, pathogenicity, clinical cases, the methods for detection, isolation, and characterization, and their presence in powdered formulae for infants and young children, which were identified as the main infection vector. Researchers and international public health authorities have explored the ways contamination occur to better control the risks of pathogen development. Appropriate analysis and control measures were implemented in areas processing powdered formulae for infants and young children, and caregivers and families were informed to undertake good hygienic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Proudy
- Service de microbiologie, Equipe d'accueil 2128, Centre hospitalier universitaire, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, avenue Côte de Nacre, Caen CEDEX, France.
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Characterization of a new metallo-beta-lactamase gene, bla(NDM-1), and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 14 from India. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:5046-54. [PMID: 19770275 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00774-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1728] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A Swedish patient of Indian origin traveled to New Delhi, India, and acquired a urinary tract infection caused by a carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain that typed to the sequence type 14 complex. The isolate, Klebsiella pneumoniae 05-506, was shown to possess a metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) but was negative for previously known MBL genes. Gene libraries and amplification of class 1 integrons revealed three resistance-conferring regions; the first contained bla(CMY-4) flanked by ISEcP1 and blc. The second region of 4.8 kb contained a complex class 1 integron with the gene cassettes arr-2, a new erythromycin esterase gene; ereC; aadA1; and cmlA7. An intact ISCR1 element was shown to be downstream from the qac/sul genes. The third region consisted of a new MBL gene, designated bla(NDM-1), flanked on one side by K. pneumoniae DNA and a truncated IS26 element on its other side. The last two regions lie adjacent to one another, and all three regions are found on a 180-kb region that is easily transferable to recipient strains and that confers resistance to all antibiotics except fluoroquinolones and colistin. NDM-1 shares very little identity with other MBLs, with the most similar MBLs being VIM-1/VIM-2, with which it has only 32.4% identity. As well as possessing unique residues near the active site, NDM-1 also has an additional insert between positions 162 and 166 not present in other MBLs. NDM-1 has a molecular mass of 28 kDa, is monomeric, and can hydrolyze all beta-lactams except aztreonam. Compared to VIM-2, NDM-1 displays tighter binding to most cephalosporins, in particular, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, and cephalothin (cefalotin), and also to the penicillins. NDM-1 does not bind to the carbapenems as tightly as IMP-1 or VIM-2 and turns over the carbapenems at a rate similar to that of VIM-2. In addition to K. pneumoniae 05-506, bla(NDM-1) was found on a 140-kb plasmid in an Escherichia coli strain isolated from the patient's feces, inferring the possibility of in vivo conjugation. The broad resistance carried on these plasmids is a further worrying development for India, which already has high levels of antibiotic resistance.
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Abstract
The expanded-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) gene bla(VEB-1), identified worldwide in Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is associated with either class 1 integrons or repeated elements. We report here the first association of bla(VEB-1a) with the insertion sequence ISCR2 in six Acinetobacter species isolates recovered from Argentina. That genetic structure was likely at the origin of the mobilization of this ESBL gene.
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A blaVEB-1 variant, blaVEB-6, associated with repeated elements in a complex genetic structure. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:1693-7. [PMID: 19139283 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01313-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
bla(VEB-6) was found on the Proteus mirabilis chromosome in a context similar to those of bla(VEB-1a) and bla(VEB-1b), in a truncated gene cassette flanked by 135-bp elements and duplications of the 3'-conserved segment of class 1 integrons. A linked aacA4-aadB-dfrA1-orfC cassette array includes components of Tn1331, illustrating the complex mosaicism of multiresistance regions.
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Dissemination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in Thai hospitals. J Infect Chemother 2008; 14:404-8. [PMID: 19089552 DOI: 10.1007/s10156-008-0642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fifty clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli with reduced susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins, collected from 11 hospitals in Thailand, were studied. All isolates were found to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), as judged by double-disk synergy and combination disk methods. Most ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to ceftazidime (94%) and aztreonam (90%). In contrast, most ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone (95%) and cefotaxime (74%). Plasmid DNA was isolated and beta-lactamase genes were identified by PCR and sequencing. We found that SHV-12 and CTX-M-14 were the main ESBLs responsible for resistance in K. pneumoniae and E. coli, respectively. SHV-27, SHV-28, and CTX-M-14 were detected in three, two, and four K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively. A high genetic diversity among ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolates was observed. In addition, the finding of a few isolates that produced identical restriction patterns on pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) suggests the clonal spread of resistant bacteria within the hospital.
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Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance pump QepA2 in an Escherichia coli isolate from France. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52:3801-4. [PMID: 18644958 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00638-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred twenty-one extended-spectrum beta-lactamse-producing enterobacterial clinical isolates were screened for the qepA gene. A single CTX-M-15-positive Escherichia coli isolate (0.8%) that produced the putative pump QepA2 was identified. This qepA2 gene was located onto a 90-kb mobilizable plasmid that conferred reduced susceptibility to hydrophilic fluoroquinolones.
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