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Morovati H, Kord M, Ahmadikia K, Eslami S, Hemmatzadeh M, Kurdestani KM, Khademi M, Darabian S. A Comprehensive Review of Identification Methods for Pathogenic Yeasts: Challenges and Approaches. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:187. [PMID: 37694259 PMCID: PMC10492613 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_375_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the increasing incidence of yeast infections and the presence of drug-resistant isolates, accurate identification of the pathogenic yeasts is essential for the management of yeast infections. In this review, we tried to introduce the routine and novel techniques applied for yeast identification. Laboratory identification methods of pathogenic yeast are classified into three categories; I. conventional methods, including microscopical and culture-base methods II. biochemical/physiological-processes methods III. molecular methods. While conventional and biochemical methods require more precautions and are not specific in some cases, molecular diagnostic methods are the optimum tools for diagnosing pathogenic yeasts in a short time with high accuracy and specificity, and having various methods that cover different purposes, and affordable costs for researchers. Nucleotide sequencing is a reference or gold standard for identifying pathogenic yeasts. Since it is an expensive method, it is not widely used in developing countries. However, novel identification techniques are constantly updated, and we recommend further studies in this field. The results of this study will guide researchers in finding more accurate diagnostic method(s) for their studies in a short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Morovati
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kord
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Ahmadikia
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Eslami
- Central Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Hemmatzadeh
- Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kian M. Kurdestani
- Department of Microbiology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Sima Darabian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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2
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Keighley C, Garnham K, Harch SAJ, Robertson M, Chaw K, Teng JC, Chen SCA. Candida auris: Diagnostic Challenges and Emerging Opportunities for the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2021; 15:116-126. [PMID: 34178208 PMCID: PMC8220427 DOI: 10.1007/s12281-021-00420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This review summarises the epidemiology of Candida auris infection and describes contemporary and emerging diagnostic methods for detection and identification of C. auris. Recent Findings A fifth C. auris clade has been described. Diagnostic accuracy has improved with development of selective/differential media for C. auris. Advances in spectral databases of matrix-associated laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) systems have reduced misidentification. Direct detection of C. auris in clinical specimens using real time PCR is increasingly used, as is whole genome sequencing (WGS) to track nosocomial spread and to study phylogenetic relationships and drug resistance. Summary C. auris is an important transmissible, nosocomial pathogen. The microbiological laboratory diagnostic capacity has extended beyond culture-based methods to include PCR and WGS. Microbiological techniques on the horizon include the use of MALDI-TOF MS for early echinocandin antifungal susceptibility testing (AST) and expansion of the versatile and information-rich WGS methods for outbreak investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Keighley
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Wollongong, NSW Australia.,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Southern.IML Pathology, Sonic Healthcare, Sydney, NSW Australia.,The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2605 Australia
| | - K Garnham
- Royal North Shore Hospital, New South Wales Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - S A J Harch
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia Australia.,Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia Australia
| | - M Robertson
- Gosford Hospital, New South Wales Health Pathology, Gosford, NSW Australia
| | - K Chaw
- Pathology Queensland, Herston, QLD Australia
| | - J C Teng
- Melbourne Pathology, Sonic Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - S C-A Chen
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Wollongong, NSW Australia.,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead, Sydney, Australia
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3
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Szemiako K, Śledzińska A, Krawczyk B. A new assay based on terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism of homocitrate synthase gene fragments for Candida species identification. J Appl Genet 2017; 58:409-414. [PMID: 28349380 PMCID: PMC5509809 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-017-0394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Candida sp. have been responsible for an increasing number of infections, especially in patients with immunodeficiency. Species-specific differentiation of Candida sp. is difficult in routine diagnosis. This identification can have a highly significant association in therapy and prophylaxis. This work has shown a new application of the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-RFLP) method in the molecular identification of six species of Candida, which are the most common causes of fungal infections. Specific for fungi homocitrate synthase gene was chosen as a molecular target for amplification. The use of three restriction enzymes, DraI, RsaI, and BglII, for amplicon digestion can generate species-specific fluorescence labeled DNA fragment profiles, which can be used to determine the diagnostic algorithm. The designed method can be a cost-efficient high-throughput molecular technique for the identification of six clinically important Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasjan Szemiako
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Śledzińska
- Department of Therapy Monitoring and Pharmacogenetics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Beata Krawczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
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4
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He Y, Geng W, Wang P, Xi L, Wang Z, Wu G, Wang C. Simultaneous detection of four common oral Candida species from blood samples by the fluorescence polarization assay. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 71:919-24. [PMID: 25308858 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The genus Candida is both the commensal microbe and the opportunistic pathogen, containing approximately 200 species inhabiting in oral cavity of 53 % of the general population. Candida species can cause the diseases from local mucosal infections to systemic mycoses, even life-threatening infections in immunocompromised individuals. The timely differentiation of Candida species is important for the guidance of clinical medication. Four common Candida species in Chinese population (Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei) were chosen as the targets to develop the rapid screening method in this work. Combined with amplification by asymmetric PCR, this parallel fluorescence polarization (FP) immunoassay is carried out in homogeneous solution phase. The limit of detection of the assay was shown to be 50 copies/mL in blood samples. The evaluation in multicenter manner showed excellent reproducibility and stability. The comparison between DNA sequencing and the FP immunoassay indicated that there was no significant difference between these methods. This molecular strategy-based method is simple, rapid, and feasible for identifying common Candida species and thereby holding great potential in the application of clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong He
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
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5
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Zhao L, de Hoog GS, Cornelissen A, Lyu Q, Mou L, Liu T, Cao Y, Vatanshenassan M, Kang Y. Prospective evaluation of the chromogenic medium CandiSelect 4 for differentiation and presumptive identification of non-Candida albicans Candida species. Fungal Biol 2015; 120:173-8. [PMID: 26781374 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Rapid identification of pathogenic yeasts is a crucial step in timely and appropriate antifungal therapy. For diagnostics in the clinical laboratory, simplified alternatives to barcoding are needed. CandiSelect 4 (CS4) medium, a chromogenic medium for isolation of clinical yeasts, allows routine recognition of Candida albicans and presumptive identification of Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, and Candida krusei. We evaluated an extension of this method with 46 non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) and 7 Malassezia species. The medium supported growth of all species tested and a wide diversity of cultural types were observed. Colony colours were in violet, turquoise (including green and blue), or white tinges. Eight NCAC species produced violet pigmentation similar to that of C. albicans. Most NCAC species, including C. glabrata and C. tropicalis were distributed in the turquoise group. Malassezia species were invariably blue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Guizhou Medical University, 550004 Guiyang, China
| | - G Sybren de Hoog
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Akke Cornelissen
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Qian Lyu
- Department of Microbiology, Guizhou Medical University, 550004 Guiyang, China
| | - Lili Mou
- Department of Microbiology, Guizhou Medical University, 550004 Guiyang, China
| | - Taohua Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Guizhou Medical University, 550004 Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Guizhou Medical University, 550004 Guiyang, China
| | | | - Yingqian Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Guizhou Medical University, 550004 Guiyang, China; CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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6
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Candida identification: a journey from conventional to molecular methods in medical mycology. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 30:1437-51. [PMID: 24379160 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1574-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of Candida infections have increased substantially in recent years due to aggressive use of immunosuppressants among patients. Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and intravascular catheters in the intensive care unit have also attributed with high risks of candidiasis among immunocompromised patients. Among Candida species, C. albicans accounts for the majority of superficial and systemic infections, usually associated with high morbidity and mortality often caused due to increase in antimicrobial resistance and restricted number of antifungal drugs. Therefore, early detection of candidemia and correct identification of Candida species are indispensable pre-requisites for appropriate therapeutic intervention. Since blood culture based methods lack sensitivity, and species-specific identification by conventional method is time-consuming and often leads to misdiagnosis within closely related species, hence, molecular methods may provide alternative for accurate and rapid identification of Candida species. Although, several molecular approaches have been developed for accurate identification of Candida species but the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2) regions of the rRNA gene are being used extensively in a variety of formats. Of note, ITS sequencing and PCR-RFLP analysis of ITS region seems to be promising as a rapid, easy, and cost-effective method for identification of Candida species. Here, we review a number of existing techniques ranging from conventional to molecular approaches currently in use for the identification of Candida species. Further, advantages and limitations of these methods are also discussed with respect to their discriminatory power, reproducibility, and ease of performance.
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7
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Bellanger AP, Grenouillet F, François N, Skana F, Millon L. Inhibitory effect of chromogenic culture media on the growth of Rhodotorula: relevance to the diagnosis of Rhodotorulaspp. infections. APMIS 2013; 121:1109-17. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Pauline Bellanger
- CNRS 6249/UMR Chrono-environnement; Univ Franche Comte; Besançon France
- Parasitology-Mycology Department; University Hospital of Besançon; Besançon France
- Clinical Investigation Center (Inserm CIT 808); University Hospital of Besançon; Besançon France
| | - Frédéric Grenouillet
- CNRS 6249/UMR Chrono-environnement; Univ Franche Comte; Besançon France
- Parasitology-Mycology Department; University Hospital of Besançon; Besançon France
| | - Nadine François
- Parasitology-Mycology Department; University Hospital of Lille; Lille France
| | - Florence Skana
- Parasitology-Mycology Department; University Hospital of Besançon; Besançon France
| | - Laurence Millon
- CNRS 6249/UMR Chrono-environnement; Univ Franche Comte; Besançon France
- Parasitology-Mycology Department; University Hospital of Besançon; Besançon France
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8
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Neppelenbroek KH, Seó RS, Urban VM, Silva S, Dovigo LN, Jorge JH, Campanha NH. Identification of
Candida
species in the clinical laboratory: a review of conventional, commercial, and molecular techniques. Oral Dis 2013; 20:329-44. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- KH Neppelenbroek
- Department of Prosthodontics Bauru Dental School University of São Paulo‐USP Bauru São PauloBrazil
| | - RS Seó
- Department of Prosthodontics Varzea Grande School of Dentistry Varzea Grande Mato GrossoBrazil
| | - VM Urban
- Department of Dentistry Ponta Grossa State University‐UEPG Ponta Grossa Paraná Brazil
| | - S Silva
- Department of Biological Engineering Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering University of Minho Braga Portugal
| | - LN Dovigo
- Department of Social Dentistry Araraquara Dental School UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista Araraquara São PauloBrazil
| | - JH Jorge
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Araraquara Dental School UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista Araraquara São Paulo Brazil
| | - NH Campanha
- Department of Dentistry Ponta Grossa State University‐UEPG Ponta Grossa Paraná Brazil
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9
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Abstract
Since 1990, a wide range of chromogenic culture media has been made commercially available providing useful tools for diagnostic clinical microbiology. By the inclusion of chromogenic enzyme substrates targeting microbial enzymes, such media are able to target pathogens with high specificity. Examples of target pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Salmonella spp. and Candida spp. The inclusion of multiple chromogenic substrates into culture media facilitates the differentiation of polymicrobial cultures, thus allowing for the development of improved media for diagnosis of urinary tract infections and media for the enhanced discrimination of yeasts. The purpose of this review is to provide some insight into how such media work and appraise their utility in routine clinical diagnostics, in comparison with conventional media.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Perry
- Microbiology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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10
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Ghelardi E, Pichierri G, Castagna B, Barnini S, Tavanti A, Campa M. Efficacy of Chromogenic Candida Agar for isolation and presumptive identification of pathogenic yeast species. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14:141-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Abstract
The focus of this review is the evolution of biochemical phenotypic yeast identification methods with emphasis on conventional approaches, rapid screening tests, chromogenic agars, comprehensive commercial methods, and the eventual migration to genotypic methods. As systemic yeast infections can be devastating and resistance is common in certain species, accurate identification to the species level is paramount for successful therapy and appropriate patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Pincus
- bioMérieux, Inc., Hazelwood, Missouri 63042, USA.
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12
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Sendid B, François N, Standaert A, Dehecq E, Zerimech F, Camus D, Poulain D. Prospective evaluation of the new chromogenic medium CandiSelect 4 for differentiation and presumptive identification of the major pathogenic Candida species. J Med Microbiol 2007; 56:495-499. [PMID: 17374890 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid identification of pathogenic yeasts is a crucial step in ensuring that effective antifungal treatment is started as early as possible. CandiSelect 4 (CS4; Bio-Rad) is a new chromogenic medium for the isolation of fungi, the direct identification of Candida albicans and the presumptive identification of the major pathogenic Candida species. The performance of CS4 was compared with that of another chromogenic medium, CHROMagar Candida (CA; Becton Dickinson). For primary cultures, 502 of the 1549 (32 %) samples were culture-positive. A total of 542 yeasts were isolated including 465 monomicrobial and 37 mixed cultures: 392 C. albicans, 60 Candida glabrata, 25 Candida tropicalis, 12 Candida krusei and 53 other Candida species. The percentage of C. albicans isolates that could be identified directly after 24, 48 and 72 h culture was 31.6, 82.9 and 92.1 %, respectively, for CS4, and 32.9, 82.9 and 91.1 % for CA. The presumptive identification of C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. krusei was evaluated after 48 h incubation. The percentage of strains with morphologically typical colonies was 80, 68 and 84.6 %, respectively, for CS4 compared with 75, 76 and 76.9 % for CA. For pure subcultures, from 24 h, all isolates of C. albicans (n=21) were directly identifiable on the two chromogenic media CA and CS4. At 48 h, the proportion of typical strains observed on the two chromogenic media was identical for C. glabrata (85 %) and C. krusei (100 %). A slight difference in favour of CS4 was observed for C. tropicalis (100 vs 95 %). CS4 also allowed the growth of several other fungi. CS4 can be recommended as a primary isolation medium for the identification of C. albicans, and for the rapid and effective differentiation of the major pathogenic Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boualem Sendid
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHRU, Avenue J. Leclercq, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Mycologie Fondamentale & Appliquée; Inserm, U799; CHRU, Avenue J. Leclercq, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Nadine François
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHRU, Avenue J. Leclercq, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Annie Standaert
- Laboratoire de Mycologie Fondamentale & Appliquée; Inserm, U799; CHRU, Avenue J. Leclercq, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Eric Dehecq
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Saint-Philibert, 115, rue du Grand-But, 59462 Lomme Cedex, France
| | - Farid Zerimech
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHRU, Avenue J. Leclercq, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Camus
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHRU, Avenue J. Leclercq, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Poulain
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHRU, Avenue J. Leclercq, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Mycologie Fondamentale & Appliquée; Inserm, U799; CHRU, Avenue J. Leclercq, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
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13
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Eraso E, Moragues MD, Villar-Vidal M, Sahand IH, González-Gómez N, Pontón J, Quindós G. Evaluation of the new chromogenic medium Candida ID 2 for isolation and identification of Candida albicans and other medically important Candida species. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:3340-5. [PMID: 16954270 PMCID: PMC1594741 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00213-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The usefulness of Candida ID 2 (CAID2) reformulated medium (bioMérieux, France) has been compared with that of the former Candida ID (CAID; bioMérieux), Albicans ID 2 (ALB2; bioMérieux), and CHROMagar Candida (CAC; Chromagar, France) chromogenic media for the isolation and presumptive identification of clinically relevant yeasts. Three hundred forty-five stock strains from culture collections, and 103 fresh isolates from different clinical specimens were evaluated. CAID2 permitted differentiation based on colony color between Candida albicans (cobalt blue; sensitivity, 91.7%; specificity, 97.2%) and Candida dubliniensis (turquoise blue; sensitivity, 97.9%; specificity, 96.6%). Candida tropicalis gave distinguishable pink-bluish colonies in 97.4% of the strains in CAID2 (sensitivity, 97.4%; specificity, 100%); the same proportion was reached in CAC, where colonies were blue-gray (sensitivity, 97.4%; specificity, 98.7%). CAC and CAID2 showed 100% sensitivity values for the identification of Candida krusei. However, with CAID2, experience is required to differentiate the downy aspect of the white colonies of C. krusei from other white-colony-forming species. The new CAID2 medium is a good candidate to replace CAID and ALB2, and it compares well to CAC for culture and presumptive identification of clinically relevant Candida species. CAID2 showed better results than CAC in some aspects, such as quicker growth and color development of colonies from clinical specimens, detection of mixed cultures, and presumptive differentiation between C. albicans and C. dubliniensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Eraso
- Laboratorio de Micología Médica, Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología, y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Apartado 699, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
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14
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Alcoba-Flórez J, Méndez-Álvarez S, Cano J, Guarro J, Pérez-Roth E, del Pilar Arévalo M. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Candida nivariensis sp. nov., a possible new opportunistic fungus. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:4107-11. [PMID: 16081957 PMCID: PMC1233986 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.8.4107-4111.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The new species Candida nivariensis, isolated from the clinical samples of three patients in Spain over a 3-year period, is presented here. This species can be easily differentiated from Candida glabrata, the closest genetic species, by different colony color on CHROMagar and by its ability to ferment trehalose. The analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region and the D1-D2 region of the 26S rRNA gene sequences support a new species designation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Alcoba-Flórez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Departamento de Biología Celular y Microbiología, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain, Cátedra de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Laguna, Spain, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastián Méndez-Álvarez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Departamento de Biología Celular y Microbiología, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain, Cátedra de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Laguna, Spain, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Cano
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Departamento de Biología Celular y Microbiología, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain, Cátedra de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Laguna, Spain, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Guarro
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Departamento de Biología Celular y Microbiología, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain, Cátedra de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Laguna, Spain, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Roth
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Departamento de Biología Celular y Microbiología, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain, Cátedra de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Laguna, Spain, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María del Pilar Arévalo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Departamento de Biología Celular y Microbiología, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain, Cátedra de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Laguna, Spain, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author. Mailing address: Cátedra de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ofra s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Phone: 34922319376. Fax: 34922319378. E-mail:
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Eloy O, Blanc V, Mallié M, Decousser J, Pina P, Allouch P. Identification et sensibilité aux antifongiques de deux souches de Candida dans 95 hôpitaux français. J Mycol Med 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Yücesoy M, Marol S. Performance of CHROMAGAR candida and BIGGY agar for identification of yeast species. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2003; 2:8. [PMID: 14613587 PMCID: PMC280667 DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2003] [Accepted: 10/29/2003] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of identifying the pathogenic fungi rapidly has encouraged the development of differential media for the presumptive identification of yeasts. In this study two differential media, CHROMagar Candida and bismuth sulphite glucose glycine yeast agar, were evaluated for the presumptive identification of yeast species. METHODS A total number of 270 yeast strains including 169 Candida albicans, 33 C. tropicalis, 24 C. glabrata, 18 C. parapsilosis, 12 C. krusei, 5 Trichosporon spp., 4 C. kefyr, 2 C. lusitaniae, 1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 1 Geotrichum candidum were included. The strains were first identified by germ tube test, morphological characteristics on cornmeal tween 80 agar and Vitek 32 and API 20 C AUX systems. In parallel, they were also streaked onto CHROMagar Candida and bismuth sulphite glucose glycine yeast agar plates. The results were read according to the color, morphology of the colonies and the existance of halo around them after 48 hours of incubation at 37 degrees C. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity values for C. albicans strains were found to be 99.4, 100% for CHROMagar Candida and 87.0, 75.2% for BiGGY agar, respectively. The sensitivity of CHROMagar Candida to identify C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and C. krusei ranged between 90.9 and 100% while the specificity was 100%. The sensitivity rates for BiGGY agar were 66.6 and 100% while the specificity values were found to be 95.4 and 100% for C. tropicalis and C. krusei, respectively. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that the use of CHROMagar Candida is an easy and reliable method for the presumptive identification of most commonly isolated Candida species especially C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. krusei. The lower sensitivity and specificity of BiGGY agar to identify commonly isolated Candida species potentially limits the clinical usefulness of this agar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Yücesoy
- Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serhat Marol
- Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Izmir, Turkey
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17
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2002; 19:995-1002. [PMID: 12125056 DOI: 10.1002/yea.827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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