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Dotis J, Kondou A, Karava V, Sotiriou G, Papadopoulou A, Zarras C, Michailidou C, Vagdatli E, Printza N. Leclercia adecarboxylata in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Systematic Review. Pediatr Rep 2023; 15:293-300. [PMID: 37218925 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric15020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Leclercia adecarboxylata is a Gram-negative bacillus that can rarely cause infections in humans. We recently treated a case of peritonitis due to L. adecarboxylata in a peritoneal dialysis (PD) pediatric patient, and we systematically reviewed all the relevant reported cases in the literature. Methods: We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases, and we reviewed 13 such cases (2 children, 11 adults) that were reported, including our patient. Results: The mean (±SE) age was 53.2 ± 22.5 years, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 1:1.6. Their mean vintage period on PD prior to L. adecarboxylata peritonitis was 37.5 ± 25.3 months. The VITEK card was the identification diagnostic tool in most cases (63%). The antimicrobial agent that was most frequently used was ceftazidime, which was implemented in 50% of cases as initial therapy, either as a monotherapy or combination therapy; in only two patients (15.3%) was the Tenkhoff catheter removed. The median duration of treatment was 18 days (range of 10-21 days), and all 13 patients that were reviewed were healed. Conclusions: Physicians should be aware that L. adecarboxylata is noted to rarely cause peritonitis in PD patients; however, this pathogen seems to be sensitive to most antimicrobial agents and can result in a favorable outcome with the selection of appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Dotis
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonia Kondou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Karava
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Sotiriou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athina Papadopoulou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charalampos Zarras
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysi Michailidou
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Vagdatli
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Printza
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Abdelmoneim HM, Taha TH, Elnouby MS, AbuShady HM. Extracellular biosynthesis, OVAT/statistical optimization, and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Leclercia adecarboxylata THHM and its antimicrobial activity. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:277. [PMID: 36581886 PMCID: PMC9801658 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is an area of interest for researchers due to its eco-friendly approach. The use of biological approaches provides a clean and promising alternative process for the synthesis of AgNPs. We used for the first time the supernatant of Leclercia adecarboxylata THHM under optimal conditions to produce AgNPs with an acceptable antimicrobial activity against important clinical pathogens. RESULTS In this study, soil bacteria from different locations were isolated and screened for their potential to form AgNPs. The selected isolate, which was found to have the ability to biosynthesize AgNPs, was identified by molecular methods as Leclercia adecarboxylata THHM and its 16S rRNA gene was deposited in GenBank under the accession number OK605882. Different conditions were screened for the maximum production of AgNPs by the selected bacteria. Five independent variables were investigated through optimizations using one variable at a time (OVAT) and the Plackett-Burman experimental design (PBD). The overall optimal parameters for enhancing the biosynthesis of AgNPs using the supernatant of Leclercia adecarboxylata THHM as a novel organism were at an incubation time of 72.0 h, a concentration of 1.5 mM silver nitrate, a temperature of 40.0 °C, a pH of 7.0, and a supernatant concentration of 30% (v/v) under illumination conditions. The biosynthesized AgNPs have been characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The biosynthesized AgNPs showed an absorption peak at 423 nm, spherical shape, and an average particle size of 17.43 nm. FTIR shows the bands at 3321.50, 2160.15, and 1636.33 cm-1 corresponding to the binding vibrations of amine, alkyne nitrile, and primary amine bands, respectively. The biosynthesized AgNPs showed antimicrobial activity against a variety of microbial pathogens of medical importance. Using resazurin-based microtiter dilution, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for AgNPs were 500 µg/mL for all microbial pathogens except for Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC13883, which has a higher MIC value of 1000 µg/mL. CONCLUSIONS The obtained data revealed the successful green production of AgNPs using the supernatant of Leclercia adecarboxylata THHM that can be effectively used as an antimicrobial agent against most human pathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M. Abdelmoneim
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek H. Taha
- grid.420020.40000 0004 0483 2576Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934 Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Elnouby
- grid.420020.40000 0004 0483 2576Composite and Nanostructured Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934 Egypt
| | - Hala Mohamed AbuShady
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Cross-Over Pathogenic Bacteria Detected in Infected Tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) and Peppers ( Capsicum annuum L.) in Bulgaria. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121507. [PMID: 36558841 PMCID: PMC9783152 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of certain human pathogens to adapt to plants without losing their virulence toward people is a major concern today. Thus, the aim of the present work was the investigation of the presence of cross-over pathogenic bacteria in infected tomato and pepper plants. The objects of the study were 21 samples from seven different parts of the plants and three from tomato rhizosphere. In total, 26 strains were isolated, identified by MALDI-TOF, and phenotypically characterized. The PCR amplification of the rpoB gene was applied as an approach for the rapid detection of cross-over pathogens in plant samples. A great bacterial diversity was revealed from tomato samples as nine species were identified (Leclercia adecarboxylata, Pseudesherichia vulneris, Enterobacter cancerogenus, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter bugandensis, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Pantoea agglomerans, Pantoea ananatis, and Pectobacterium carotovorum). Polymicrobial contaminations were observed in samples T2 (tomato flower) and T10 (tomato fruit). Five species were identified from pepper samples (P. agglomerans, L. adecarboxylata, Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas putida, and Enterococcus sp.). Antibiotic resistance patterns were assigned in accordance with EFSA recommendations. All isolates showed varying resistance to the tested antibiotics. The genetic basis for the phenotypic antibiotic resistance was not revealed. No genes for the virulence factors were found among the population. To our knowledge, this is the first overall investigation of tomato and pepper cross-over pathogenic bacterial populations in Bulgaria.
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First clinical case of VIM-1-producing Leclercia adecarboxylata: A case report and literature review. MEDICINE IN MICROECOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmic.2022.100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Harper H, Logan J, Kubat R, Jones M. Leclercia adecarboxylata catheter-related bacteraemia in an immunocompromised patient. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e247496. [PMID: 35332006 PMCID: PMC8948387 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-247496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A 34-year-old man on active chemotherapy was hospitalised with fever, chills and rigours after power-washing a pig pen on a farm. His blood cultures grew Leclercia adecarboxylata, a gram-negative rod in the Enterobacteriaceae family, which has been isolated from a variety of environments including soil, surface water, as well as in the gastrointestinal flora of farm animals. The likely source of infection was his tunnelled central venous catheter exposed to water contaminated by faeces when he was washing the pig pen. While there have been several cases reported of catheter-related L. adecarboxylata bacteraemia, to our knowledge there are very few reports of infection spread in this manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleigh Harper
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - John Logan
- Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Ryan Kubat
- Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, The University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Matthew Jones
- Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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Leclercia adecarboxylata as Emerging Pathogen in Human Infections: Clinical Features and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111399. [PMID: 34832555 PMCID: PMC8619052 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Leclercia adecarboxylata (L. adecarboxylata) is a gram-negative bacillus of the Enterobacteriaceae family, which is uncommonly isolated from clinical specimens. L. adecarboxylata is considered as an aquatic opportunistic pathogen and most of the human infections are polymicrobial and usually occur in immunocompromised hosts. (2) Methods: In this retrospective study, we included all L. adecarboxylata strains since the introduction of MALDI-TOF MS in the Microbiology Department of Nord Franche-Comté Hospital, France (from 1 March 2015 to 31 July 2019). We studied demographic characteristics, comorbidities, characteristics of the current infection and outcome as well as antimicrobial susceptibility testing in all isolates. (3) Results: A total of 8 samples were identified (in 6 patients (4M/2F), with a recurrent L. adecarboxylata infection in 2 patients). The patients’ mean age was 66.2 years (range: 19–84). All patients were considered as immunocompetent, except a peritoneal dialysis patient with kidney transplantation. An exposition to an aquatic environment was identified in one patient. The most prevalent clinical feature was catheter-associated male urinary tract infection (in 3 cases) followed by ventilator-associated pneumonia (in 2 cases). One of 6 patients presented L. adecarboxylata bacteremia. L. adecarboxylata was part of a polymicrobial infection in 4 patients. The isolates showed a high susceptibility to all tested antibiotics, except one strain, which was resistant to fosfomycin. All patients with L. adecarboxylata infection were treated with antibiotics with a favorable outcome. (4) Conclusion: This study confirms the pathogenicity of L. adecarboxylata, even in immunocompetent patients, with a high susceptibility to antibiotics.
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Aarab A, Saddari A, Noussaiba B, Ayyad A, Messaoudi S, Amrani R, Benaissa E, Ben Lahlou Y, Maleb A, Elouennass M. Leclercia adecarboxylata invasive infection in a patient with Hirschsprung disease: A case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 71:102927. [PMID: 34691449 PMCID: PMC8517714 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Leclercia adecarboxylata is a ubiquitous aerobic, motile, gram-negative bacilli. The human gastro-intestinal tract is known to harbor this rarely opportunistic microorganism. We describe a rare case of invasive infection with a gastrointestinal starting point due to L. adecarboxylata in a patient with Hirschsprung disease. Case report It is about a newborn female who was admitted on the 3rd day of life to the neonatal intensive care unit for intestinal obstruction. On the 9th day of life, while managing the neonatal obstruction, the patient developed febrile peaks. Cytobacteriological examination of cerebrospinal fluid, blood cultures and culture of umbilical vein catheter allowed the exclusive isolation of Leclercia adecarboxylata. It was producing extended spectrum beta-lactamase and was treated with intravenous imipenem. After favourable evolution, the patient was transferred to the pediatric surgery department. There, she was diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease. Discussion Knowledge of the route of transmission of L. adecarboxylata is limited and the possible source of the infection is unclear. However, the authors describe three hypotheses of contamination of our propositus. In our patient, one or more of these routes of contamination would be possible. Indeed, bacteremia could occur as a result of a bacterial translocation across the mucosal barrier of the colon altered by Hirschsprung disease, antibiotic use and feeding practices. Conclusion Infection with L. adecarboxylata revealed a wide range of infection. It has only recently been acknowledged as an emerging pathogen. Further studies of the pathogenesis and risk factors are required. Leclercia adecarboxylata is Gram-negative bacillus as a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Infection with this rarely pathogenic microorganism has been limited to a small number of case reports. Of these, only few reports implicate the gastrointestinal tract as the focus of infection. Bacteremia could occur as a result of a bacterial translocation across the mucosal barrier of the colon altered by Hirschsprung disease, antibiotic use and feeding practices. As the number of L. adecarboxylata infections continues to expand so does our insight into its pathogenicity and role in human clinical infections. Further studies of the pathogenesis and risk factors are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnane Aarab
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Mohammed VI University Hospital / Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed the First), Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abderrazak Saddari
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Mohammed VI University Hospital / Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed the First), Oujda, Morocco
| | - Benhamza Noussaiba
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Mohammed VI University Hospital / Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed the First), Oujda, Morocco
| | - Anass Ayyad
- Department of Neonatology Intensive Care Unit, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco.,Research Laboratory for Maternal, Child and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed the First), Oujda, Morocco
| | - Sahar Messaoudi
- Department of Neonatology Intensive Care Unit, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco.,Research Laboratory for Maternal, Child and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed the First), Oujda, Morocco
| | - Rim Amrani
- Department of Neonatology Intensive Care Unit, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco.,Research Laboratory for Maternal, Child and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed the First), Oujda, Morocco
| | - Elmostapha Benaissa
- Department of Bacteriology, Mohammed V Teaching Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.,Epidemiology and Bacterial Resistance Research Team/BIO-INOVA Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed V), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yassine Ben Lahlou
- Department of Bacteriology, Mohammed V Teaching Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.,Epidemiology and Bacterial Resistance Research Team/BIO-INOVA Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed V), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Adil Maleb
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Mohammed VI University Hospital / Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed the First), Oujda, Morocco.,Research Team "Cell Biology and Pharmacology Applied to Health Sciences". Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed the First), Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mostafa Elouennass
- Department of Bacteriology, Mohammed V Teaching Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.,Epidemiology and Bacterial Resistance Research Team/BIO-INOVA Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed V), Rabat, Morocco
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Sng ECY, Goh KCM, Tan SH, Tan AL, Oh HML. Leclercia adecarboxylata bacteraemia: Clinical features and antibiotic
susceptibilities in 2 hospitals in Singapore. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2021. [DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.202195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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9
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Shaikhain T, Al-Husayni F, Al-Fawaz S, Alghamdi EM, Al-Amri A, Alfares M. Leclercia adecarboxylata Bacteremia without a Focus in a Non-Immunosuppressed Patient. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2021; 22:e929537. [PMID: 33782375 PMCID: PMC8019838 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.929537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leclercia adecarboxylata is a gram-negative rod, which is normally found in water and food. It is an emerging pathogen that affects immunocompromised patients, including patients with hematological malignancies or those receiving chemotherapy. Generally, L. adecarboxylata is considered a low-virulence pathogen with an excellent susceptibility profile, but some strains may be resistant to multiple antibiotics, such as b-lactams. Moreover, L. adecarboxylata is usually isolated as a part of polymicrobial cultures in immunocompetent individuals, but there have been cases where it was the only isolate. CASE REPORT A 74-year-old woman who was non-immunosuppressed and had multiple comorbidities was admitted with acute decompensated heart failure due to pneumonia. She was treated with multiple courses of antibiotics including amoxicillin-clavulanate and ciprofloxacin for pneumonia, but her infection worsened, and she had cardiopulmonary arrest. After resuscitation, she was stable for several days but suddenly became confused and hypotensive. The septic screen showed L. adecarboxylata bacteremia without a clear source, which was treated successfully with meropenem for 14 days. After the meropenem course, the patient developed diarrhea and was found to have severe Clostridium difficile infection. She did not respond to oral vancomycin and intravenous metronidazole and died. CONCLUSIONS This case illustrated an infection in a non-immunosuppressed individual by an organism that is considered an opportunistic pathogen, mainly affecting immunocompromised patients. The patient's blood culture grew L. adecarboxylata, which was sensitive to all antibiotics but resolved with meropenem treatment. Owing to increasing L. adecarboxylata infections, we recommend further studies to understand the organism's pathogenesis, risk factors, and resistance pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal Shaikhain
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Al-Husayni
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Al-Fawaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Erada M Alghamdi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulfattah Al-Amri
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology, National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Alfares
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Vale AP, Shubin L, Cummins J, Leonard FC, Barry G. Detection of bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1, and Virulence Factors in E. coli Isolated From Seals. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:583759. [PMID: 33763460 PMCID: PMC7982830 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.583759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine mammals are frequently considered good sentinels for human, animal and environmental health due to their long lifespan, coastal habitat, and characteristics as top chain predators. Using a One Health approach, marine mammals can provide information that helps to enhance the understanding of the health of the marine and coastal environment. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the quintessential One Health problem that poses a well-recognised threat to human, animal, and ecosystem health worldwide. Treated and untreated sewage, hospital waste and agricultural run-off are often responsible for the spread of AMR in marine and freshwater ecosystems. Rescued seals (n = 25) were used as sentinels to investigate the levels of AMR in the Irish coastal ecosystem. Faecal swabs were collected from these animals and bacterial isolates (E. coli and cefotaxime-resistant non-E. coli) from each swab were selected for further investigation. E. coli isolates were characterised in terms of phylogenetic group typing, AMR, and virulence factors. All E. coli isolates investigated in this study (n = 39) were ampicillin resistant while 26 (66.6%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Resistance genes bla OXA-1 and bla TEM-1 were detected in 16/39 and 6/39 isolates, respectively. Additionally, virulence factors associated with adhesion (sfa, papA, and papC) and siderophores (fyuA and iutA) were identified. An additional 19 faecal cefotaxime-resistant non-E. coli isolates were investigated for the presence of β-lactamase encoding genes. These isolates were identified as presumptive Leclercia, Pantoea and Enterobacter, however, none were positive for the presence of the genes investigated. To the authors knowledge this is the first study reporting the detection of bla OXA-1 and bla TEM-1 in phocid faecal E. coli in Europe. These results highlight the importance of marine mammals as sentinels for the presence and spread of AMR in the marine and coastal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Vale
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lynae Shubin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Juliana Cummins
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Backweston Laboratory Complex, Celbridge, Ireland
| | - Finola C Leonard
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerald Barry
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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High β-lactam resistance in Gram-negative bacteria associated with kennel cough and cat flu in Egypt. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3347. [PMID: 33558604 PMCID: PMC7870956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance within pets has gained worldwide attention due to pets close contact with humans. This report examined at the molecular level, the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms associated with kennel cough and cat flu. 1378 pets in total were assessed for signs of respiratory infection, and nasal and conjunctival swabs were collected across 76 diseased animals. Phenotypically, 27% of the isolates were characterized by multidrug resistance and possessed high levels of resistance rates to β-lactams. Phenotypic ESBLs/AmpCs production were identified within 40.5% and 24.3% of the isolates, respectively. Genotypically, ESBL- and AmpC-encoding genes were detected in 33.8% and 10.8% of the isolates, respectively, with blaSHV comprising the most identified ESBL, and blaCMY and blaACT present as the AmpC with the highest levels. qnr genes were identified in 64.9% of the isolates, with qnrS being the most prevalent (44.6%). Several antimicrobial resistance determinants were detected for the first time within pets from Africa, including blaCTX-M-37, blaCTX-M-156, blaSHV-11, blaACT-23, blaACT25/31, blaDHA-1, and blaCMY-169. Our results revealed that pets displaying symptoms of respiratory illness are potential sources for pathogenic microbes possessing unique resistance mechanisms which could be disseminated to humans, thus leading to the development of severe untreatable infections in these hosts.
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Catheter-Related ESBL-Producing Leclercia adecarboxylata Septicemia in Hemodialysis Patient: An Emerging Pathogen? Case Rep Infect Dis 2020; 2020:7403152. [PMID: 32089912 PMCID: PMC6996699 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7403152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a multidrug-resistant strain of Leclercia adecarboxylata which was responsible for a catheter-related bacteremia, in a 50-year-old female with an end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. The isolated strain was an extended beta-lactamase producer. Based on a literature review of L. adecarboxylata, there have been only two reports of extended beta-lactamase producer strains. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in Saudi Arabia.
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Yin Z, Hu L, Cheng Q, Jiang X, Xu Y, Yang W, Yang H, Zhao Y, Gao B, Wang J, Dai E, Zhou D. First Report of Coexistence of Three Different MDR Plasmids, and That of Occurrence of IMP-Encoding Plasmid in Leclercia adecarboxylata. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2468. [PMID: 31749779 PMCID: PMC6848029 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Three different MDR plasmids p16005813A, p16005813B, and p16005813C, which carried a total of 18 non-redundant resistance genes or gene loci, were identified in a single clinical isolate of Leclercia adecarboxylata. The p16005813A backbone showed very low levels of identity to all DNA sequences available in public databases and carried a repA gene that could not assigned into any of known incompatibility groups. The IncFII-family p16005813B and pECAZ161_KPC had essentially identical backbones. p16005813C belonged to an IncR single-replicon plasmid. p16005813A, p16005813B, and p16005813C harbored three different novel MDR regions as their sole accessory modules. The MDR region of p16005813B manifested as Tn6505, which was generated from insertion of blaIMP–8-carrying In655 instead of In4 into the Tn1696 backbone. Other key antibiotic resistance elements included Tn2, IS26–mph(A)–mrx–mphR(A)–IS6100 unit, chrA region, In27, and aacC2–tmrB region in the MDR region of p16005813A, and ΔTn9 carrying catA1, In609, and IS26–tetA(C)–tetR(C)–IS26 unit in the MDR region of p16005813C. This was the first report of coexistence of three different MDR plasmids, and that of occurrence of IMP-encoding plasmid and blaIMP–8 gene in L. adecarboxylata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoxiang Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuee Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Erhei Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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Adapa S, Konala VM, Nawaz F, Javed T, Dhingra H, Gutierrez IA, Ramirez ML. Peritonitis from Leclercia adecarboxylata: An emerging pathogen. Clin Case Rep 2019; 7:829-831. [PMID: 30997095 PMCID: PMC6452466 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Leclercia adecarboxylata can be misidentified as Escherichia coli, due to similar biochemical properties. Automated identification systems and mass spectrometry play a very critical role in isolating atypical organisms like L adecarboxylata. General guidelines recommend treating L adecarboxylata peritonitis for 3 weeks without removal of peritoneal dialysis catheter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedhar Adapa
- Division of NephrologyThe Nephrology GroupFresnoCalifornia
| | - Venu Madhav Konala
- Divison of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal MedicineAshland Bellefonte Cancer CenterAshlandKentucky
| | - Faiza Nawaz
- Department of Family MedicineKaweah Delta Medical CenterVisaliaCalifornia
| | - Tariq Javed
- Division of NephrologyKaweah Delta Medical CenterVisaliaCalifornia
| | - Hemant Dhingra
- Division of NephrologyThe Nephrology GroupFresnoCalifornia
| | - Irene A. Gutierrez
- Department of Family MedicineKaweah Delta Medical CenterVisaliaCalifornia
| | - Magda L. Ramirez
- Department of Family MedicineKaweah Delta Medical CenterVisaliaCalifornia
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15
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Spiegelhauer MR, Andersen PF, Frandsen TH, Nordestgaard RLM, Andersen LP. Leclercia adecarboxylata: a case report and literature review of 74 cases demonstrating its pathogenicity in immunocompromised patients. Infect Dis (Lond) 2018; 51:179-188. [PMID: 30488747 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2018.1536830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leclercia adecarboxylata is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It has been described as an emerging human pathogen with the potential to cause severe infection in immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to describe a clinical case of infection with L. adecarboxylata and give a review of previous reports on infection. We report the presence of L. adecarboxylata in a patient initially admitted to our hospital for a lung transplant. She had diarrhoea, urinary tract infection and pneumonia caused by L. adecarboxylata. The isolate was resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and susceptible to 15 other antibiotics tested. The literature search for previous reports of infection with L. adecarboxylata resulted in 61 publications describing 74 cases. Bacteremia and wound infections were most often described, and only a few cases were fatal. L. adecarboxylata was most often found as a monomicrobial infection in immunocompromised patients, and as part of a polymicrobial infection in immunocompetent patients. The previously described isolates showed a high susceptibility to antibiotics, and treatment was efficient in most cases. Due to similarities in metabolic products, L. adecarboxylata might have been mistaken as Escherichia spp., but with new identification methods such as MALDI-TOF MS, it is possible to obtain a certain identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Roed Spiegelhauer
- a Department of Clinical Microbiology , Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet) , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Peter Fruergaard Andersen
- b Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet) , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Tove Havnhøj Frandsen
- a Department of Clinical Microbiology , Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet) , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | | | - Leif Percival Andersen
- a Department of Clinical Microbiology , Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet) , Copenhagen , Denmark
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16
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Riazzo C, López-Cerero L, Rojo-Martín MD, Hoyos-Mallecot Y, Fernández-Cuenca F, Martín-Ruíz JL, Pascual-Hernández Á, Naas T, Navarro-Marí JM. First report of NDM-1-producing clinical isolate of Leclercia adecarboxylata in Spain. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 88:268-270. [PMID: 28506721 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We describe the case of NDM-1-producing Leclercia adecarboxylata recovered from the clinical sample of a patient hospitalized for a trauma-related injury to his foot. The isolate was resistant to all beta-lactams, quinolones, trimetroprim-sulfametoxazol, gentamicin and tobramicyn. The blaNDM-1 gene was located in a conjugative plasmid that also contained the blaSHV-12 gene and was preceded by a disrupted insertion sequence of ISAba125. The plasmid belongs to the incompatibility group X3, which is known to be an important vector for NDM-1 dissemination in China. This is the first reported case of NDM-1L. adecarboxylata in our country and evidences that species of uncertain clinical relevance can act as hidden sources of clinically important resistance determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Riazzo
- Department of Microbiology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital-ibs, Granada, Spain.
| | - Lorena López-Cerero
- Department of Microbiology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Yannick Hoyos-Mallecot
- Bacteriology-Hygiene unit, Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-PH), Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; EA7361 "Structure, dynamic, function and expression of broad spectrum β-lactamases", Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Jose Luis Martín-Ruíz
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Thierry Naas
- Bacteriology-Hygiene unit, Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-PH), Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; EA7361 "Structure, dynamic, function and expression of broad spectrum β-lactamases", Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Joint Research Unit EERA «Evolution and Ecology of Resistance to Antibiotics», Institut Pasteur - APHP - Université Paris Sud, Paris, France
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17
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Sun F, Zhou D, Sun Q, Luo W, Tong Y, Zhang D, Wang Q, Feng W, Chen W, Fan Y, Xia P. Genetic characterization of two fully sequenced multi-drug resistant plasmids pP10164-2 and pP10164-3 from Leclercia adecarboxylata. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33982. [PMID: 27658354 PMCID: PMC5034289 DOI: 10.1038/srep33982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported the complete sequence of the resistance plasmid pP10164-NDM, harboring blaNDM (conferring carbapenem resistance) and bleMBL (conferring bleomycin resistance), which is recovered from a clinical Leclercia adecarboxylata isolate P10164 from China. This follow-up work disclosed that there were still two multidrug-resistant (MDR) plasmids pP10164-2 and pP10164-3 coexisting in this strain. pP10164-2 and pP10164-3 were completely sequenced and shown to carry a wealth of resistance genes, which encoded the resistance to at least 10 classes of antibiotics (β-lactams. macrolides, quinolones, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, amphenicols, quaternary ammonium compounds, sulphonamides, trimethoprim, and rifampicin) and 7 kinds of heavy mental (mercury, silver, copper, nickel, chromate, arsenic, and tellurium). All of these antibiotic resistance genes are associated with mobile elements such as transposons, integrons, and insertion sequence-based transposable units, constituting a total of three novel MDR regions, two in pP10164-2 and the other one in pP10164-3. Coexistence of three resistance plasmids pP10164-NDM, pP10164-2 and pP10164-3 makes L. adecarboxylata P10164 tend to become extensively drug-resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Wenbo Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yigang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Defu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.,College of Food Science and Project Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weijun Chen
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yahan Fan
- Transfusion Department, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peiyuan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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18
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Prakash MR, Ravikumar R, Patra N, Indiradevi B. Hospital-acquired pneumonia due to Leclercia adecarboxylata in a neurosurgical centre. J Postgrad Med 2016; 61:123-5. [PMID: 25766348 PMCID: PMC4943433 DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.153108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leclercia adecarboxylata, a gram-negative bacillus of the Enterobacteriaceae family, is an uncommonly identified human pathogen. The organism has been reported worldwide and isolated from various environmental sources. Most human infections are polymicrobial and commonly occur in immunocompromised hosts, although nosocomial infections in immunocompetent hosts have been documented. We describe three case reports of L. adecarboxylata isolation from cases of hospital acquired pneumonia admitted to a tertiary care center for neurosurgical care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Ravikumar
- Department of Neuromicrobiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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19
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Sun F, Yin Z, Feng J, Qiu Y, Zhang D, Luo W, Yang H, Yang W, Wang J, Chen W, Xia P, Zhou D. Production of plasmid-encoding NDM-1 in clinical Raoultella ornithinolytica and Leclercia adecarboxylata from China. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:458. [PMID: 26052314 PMCID: PMC4439573 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Raoultella ornithinolytica YNKP001 and Leclercia adecarboxylata P10164, which harbor conjugative plasmids pYNKP001-NDM and pP10164-NDM, respectively, were isolated from two different Chinese patients, and their complete nucleotide sequences were determined. Production of NDM-1 enzyme by these plasmids accounts for the carbapenem resistance of these two strains. This is the first report of bla NDM in L. adecarboxylata and third report of this gene in R. ornithinolytica. pYNKP001-NDM is very similar to the IncN2 NDM-1-encoding plasmids pTR3, pNDM-ECS01, and p271A, whereas pP10164-NDM is similar to the IncFIIY bla NDM-1-carrying plasmid pKOX_NDM1. The bla NDM-1 genes of pYNKP001-NDM and pP10164-NDM are embedded in Tn125-like elements, which represent two distinct truncated versions of the NDM-1-encoding Tn125 prototype observed in pNDM-BJ01. Flanking of these two Tn125-like elements by miniature inverted repeat element (MITE) or its remnant indicates that MITE facilitates transposition and mobilization of bla NDM-1 gene contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China ; Laboratory Animal Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Yefeng Qiu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Defu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China ; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Weijun Chen
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Peiyuan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
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20
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Marti E, Huerta B, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Barceló D, Jofre J, Balcázar JL. Characterization of ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates from a wastewater treatment plant and its receiving river. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 61:67-76. [PMID: 24880958 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study we characterised the ciprofloxacin-resistant strains isolated in biofilm and sediments from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharge point and its receiving river. We also examined the prevalence of qnrA, qnrB, qnrS and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes in these isolates and determined whether they harbour plasmid-encoded β-lactamases such as TEM, SHV and CTX-M. Moreover, antibiotic concentrations were also measured to evaluate the level of contamination of these pharmaceuticals in the sampling area. Antibiotics were found in the range of ng L(-1) in WWTP effluents, but most of them were no longer found in downstream river. However, some fluoroquinolones were detected in sediment downstream demonstrating their high persistence and their capacity to be retained in the river sediments. Most of the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates belonged to the Gammaproteobacteria class and 17 of them, 8 (7.6%) from the first sampling and 9 (6.1%) from the second sampling, carried a qnr gene. In particular, 15 isolates carried the qnrS gene and 2 carried the qnrB gene. Among the qnr-positive isolates, 12 harboured the aac(6')-lb-cr gene and 2 of them also carried a β-lactamase on the same plasmid, indicating that they may be transferred simultaneously. It is also noteworthy that all qnr-positive isolates identified as Aeromonas species harboured the same qnrS allele, namely the qnrS2. This study reinforces the importance of environmental bacteria as vehicles for dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Marti
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Belinda Huerta
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Jofre
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Balcázar
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
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21
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García-Fulgueiras V, Seija V, Aguerrebere P, Cordeiro NF, Vignoli R. First report of a clinical isolate of Leclercia adecarboxylata harbouring multiple resistance genes in Uruguay and review of the literature. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2014; 2:77-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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22
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Lee KI, Chung SK, Hwang HB. A Case of Corneal Ulcer Caused by Leclercia Adecarboxylata. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2014. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2014.55.6.918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kee Il Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Kun Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Bin Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Jean SS, Lee WS, Bai KJ, Lam C, Hsu CW, Chen RJ, Hsueh PR. Leclercia adecarboxylata bacteremia in a patient with long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2013; 49:452-4. [PMID: 24183991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Leclercia adecarboxylata, a ubiquitous Gram-negative bacillus, is generally viewed as an opportunistic pathogen because it is rarely cultured from clinical samples. Although rare, bacteremia due to L. adecarboxylata tends to occur in immunocompromised hosts and patients with systemic comorbidities. Only one case of bacteremia due to L. adecarboxylata has been reported in a previously healthy patient. We describe a male patient with an active peptic ulcer who developed L. adecarboxylata bacteremia after a long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The abdomen is believed to have been the most probable portal of entry. After appropriate medical management, the patient recovered without sequela.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shio-Shin Jean
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sen Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Jen Bai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Carlos Lam
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wang Hsu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Departments of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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24
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Nelson MU, Maksimova Y, Schulz V, Bizzarro MJ, Gallagher PG. Late-onset Leclercia adecarboxylata sepsis in a premature neonate. J Perinatol 2013; 33:740-2. [PMID: 23986093 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2013.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiology, etiology and outcome of neonatal sepsis are changing over time. While monitoring longitudinal trends in neonatal sepsis in our institution, we encountered a case of late-onset neonatal sepsis due to Leclercia adecarboxylata. A Gram-negative rod previously not encountered in the clinical setting, L. adecarboxylata has recently emerged as a human pathogen, primarily in immunosuppressed patients. This report describes the clinical and laboratory features of this case of late-onset L. adecarboxylata sepsis, and reviews significant features of infection associated with this emerging pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M U Nelson
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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25
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De Mauri A, Chiarinotti D, Andreoni S, Molinari GL, Conti N, De Leo M. Leclercia adecarboxylata and catheter-related bacteraemia: review of the literature and outcome with regard to catheters and patients. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:1620-1623. [PMID: 23882033 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.059535-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection is a common complication in patients carrying a central venous catheter (CVC) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Leclercia adecarboxylata is an unusual but emerging pathogen in healthy and immunocompromised patients. We report a case of L. adecarboxylata bacteraemia in a patient with a haemodialysis tunnelled CVC. In accordance with the susceptibility to the tested antimicrobials, a long-course treatment with intravenous gentamicin plus amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and gentamicin-lock therapy was adopted. The patient had a full recovery and the catheter was not removed. We also performed a systematic PubMed/Medline and Scopus review of peer-reviewed English papers on L. adecarboxylata infections, focusing on bacteraemia in patients with different types of CVCs. Moreover, we suggest a treatment algorithm to preserve the patient and maintain the CVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreana De Mauri
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University Hospital 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy
| | - Doriana Chiarinotti
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University Hospital 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy
| | - Stefano Andreoni
- Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, University Hospital 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy
| | - Gian Lorenzo Molinari
- Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, University Hospital 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy
| | - Novella Conti
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University Hospital 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy
| | - Martino De Leo
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University Hospital 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy
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Eiland EH, Siddiqui H, Goode AM, Leeth SD. Pneumonia due to multidrug-resistant Leclercia adecarboxylata. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2013; 70:940-1. [DOI: 10.2146/ajhp120525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edward H. Eiland
- Department of Pharmacy Huntsville Hospital 101 Sivley Road Huntsville, AL 35801
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Papagiannitsis CC, Študentová V, Hrabák J, Kubele J, Jindrák V, Žemličková H. Isolation from a nonclinical sample of Leclercia adecarboxylata producing a VIM-1 metallo-β-lactamase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:2896-7. [PMID: 23529733 PMCID: PMC3716174 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00052-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Costas C. Papagiannitsis
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Študentová
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Hrabák
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubele
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Jindrák
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Žemličková
- National Reference Laboratory for Antibiotics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
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Tam V, Nayak S. Isolation of Leclercia adecarboxylata from a wound infection after exposure to hurricane-related floodwater. BMJ Case Rep 2012; 2012:bcr-2012-007298. [PMID: 23109419 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2012-007298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A man in his early 80s presented to our emergency department with painless redness and swelling in his right leg. One week prior, he cleaned up floodwater in his basement after Hurricane Irene passed the Mid-Atlantic region of the USA in August 2011. Physical examination included large purple bullae and raised concern for necrotising fasciitis. Wound culture revealed a polymicrobial infection including Leclercia adecarboxylata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernissia Tam
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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29
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Catheter-related bacteremia caused by multidrug-resistant Leclercia adecarboxylata in a patient with breast cancer. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:3129-32. [PMID: 22760051 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00948-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a multidrug-resistant strain of Leclercia adecarboxylata responsible for catheter-related bacteremia in a 47-year-old female with breast cancer. The isolated strain was resistant to several β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and folate pathway inhibitors and harbored bla(TEM-1) and bla(CTX-M) group 1 and intl1 genes (dfrA12-orfF-aadA2) as genetic determinants for resistance. Based on a review of the L. adecarboxylata literature, there have been only 4 reports of antibiotic-resistant strains. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an L. adecarboxylata strain with simultaneous resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and sulfonamides.
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30
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Forrester JD, Adams J, Sawyer RG. Leclercia adecarboxylata bacteremia in a trauma patient: case report and review of the literature. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2012; 13:63-6. [PMID: 22217232 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2010.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leclercia adecarboxylata is a rarely described gram-negative pathogen. Since the advent of rapid molecular typing techniques, L. adecarboxylata has been described in 23 case reports, often associated with polymicrobial infections or in immunosuppressed hosts. METHODS A case is described and previous cases of L. adecarboxylata infection are reviewed. CASE REPORT A 55-year old male victim of trauma developed septic shock several days after presentation to the emergency department. Blood and central vein catheter cultures grew L. adecarboxylata; Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were present in bronchoalveolar lavage samples. With aggressive hemodynamic and ventilator support in addition to antibiotic therapy, the patient cleared the catheter-related blood stream infection. After a challenging intensive care unit stay, the patient eventually was discharged to an inpatient rehabilitation unit. CONCLUSION An L. adecarboxylata catheter-related blood stream infection developed in the setting of both underlying immunosuppression and polymicrobial infection. As molecular typing techniques continue to improve, L. adecarboxylata is likely to be an increasingly recognized gram-negative pathogen. Interactions between L. adecarboxylata infection, immunosuppression, and polymicrobial infections remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Derek Forrester
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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31
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Marina VP, Abidi S, Malhotra D. Leclercia adecarboxylata, an unusual hemodialysis catheter-related infection. Int Urol Nephrol 2011; 43:1257-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-011-0002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Shah A, Nguyen J, Sullivan LM, Chikwava KR, Yan AC, Treat JR. Leclercia adecarboxylata cellulitis in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Dermatol 2011; 28:162-4. [PMID: 21385207 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2011.01348.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Leclercia adecarboxylata is a rare, gram-negative rod that has been infrequently reported in the literature. The organism has been documented to cause solitary infections in immunocompromised hosts and polymicrobial wound infections in the immunocompetent. We present a case of an 8-year-old boy with significant past medical history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed cellulitis due to local infection by L. adecarboxylata. This case is presented to raise awareness of this rare organism's ability to cause common cutaneous disease, especially in the immunocompromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avnee Shah
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Fernández-Ruiz M, López-Medrano F, García-Sánchez L, García-Reyne A, Solo TOD, Sanz-Sanz F, Aguado JM. Successful management of tunneled hemodialysis catheter-related bacteremia by Leclercia adecarboxylata without catheter removal: report of two cases. Int J Infect Dis 2009; 13:e517-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Isolation of Leclercia adecarboxylata from blood and burn wound after a hydrofluoric acid chemical injury. Burns 2009; 35:443-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2008.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Leclercia adecarboxylata, a motile, gram-negative bacillus of the enterobacteriaceae family, is rarely recovered as a pathogen. We report an exceptionally rare case of L. adecarboxylata endocarditis complicated by embolization of the kidney and spleen in a 48-year-old woman with endometrial cancer. After 4 weeks of antimicrobial treatment, she recovered without sequelae.
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36
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Lee W, Yi DY, Jung B, Huh JY, Kang MS, Hong SG, Hong SK. Two Cases of Independent Infection by Leclercia adecarboxylata. Infect Chemother 2009. [DOI: 10.3947/ic.2009.41.2.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wookeun Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Dae Young Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Bochan Jung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ji Young Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Myung Seo Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seong Geun Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sung Kwan Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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37
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Orchiépididymite et bactériémie à Leclercia adecarboxylata. Med Mal Infect 2008; 38:674-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Kim E, Chidambaram JD, Srinivasan M, Lalitha P, Wee D, Lietman TM, Whitcher JP, Van Gelder RN. Prospective comparison of microbial culture and polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of corneal ulcer. Am J Ophthalmol 2008; 146:714-23, 723.e1. [PMID: 18707670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2007] [Revised: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to microbial culture for the detection and identification of bacterial and fungal pathogens in microbial keratitis. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS A total of 108 consecutive corneal ulcers were cultured and analyzed by PCR using pan-bacterial and pan-fungal primers. PCR products were cloned, sequenced, and compared to culture results using standard bioinformatics tools. RESULTS Of the 108 samples, 56 were culture-positive, 25 for bacteria and 31 for fungi; 52 were culture-negative. After eliminating false-positive PCR products, 94 of 108 were positive by PCR, 37 for bacteria and 57 for fungi. Nineteen of 25 bacterial culture-positive samples were positive by PCR, and 29 of 31 samples culture-positive for fungi were positive by PCR. The majority of sequenced PCR products matched the positive culture results. Of the 52 culture-negative samples, 46 (88%) yielded pathogen deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) PCR products, 18 bacterial and 28 fungal. These represented a variety of species, including at least three novel previously uncultured microbes. CONCLUSIONS PCR detects microbial DNA in the majority of bacterial and fungal corneal ulcers, and identifies potentially pathogenic organisms in a high proportion of culture-negative cases. Yield and concordance with culture are higher for fungal than bacterial ulcers. Practical use of the technique is limited by artefactual amplification of nonpathogenic organisms. PCR may be used as an adjunct to culture to identify potential pathogens in microbial keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elma Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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39
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Kim HM, Chon CY, Ahn SH, Jung SJ, Han KH, Moon BS, Moon YM. Fatal spontaneous bacterial peritonitis by Leclercia adecarboxylata in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Clin Pract 2008; 62:1296-8. [PMID: 18705825 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2005.00780.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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40
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Hess B, Burchett A, Huntington MK. Leclercia adecarboxylata in an immunocompetent patient. J Med Microbiol 2008; 57:896-898. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hess
- Center for Family Medicine, 1115 East Twentieth Street, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Andrew Burchett
- McGreevy Clinic, 1200 South Seventh Avenue, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Mark K. Huntington
- Center for Family Medicine, 1115 East Twentieth Street, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
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41
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Jover-Sáenz A, Cerezo-Esforzado E, Barcenilla-Gaite F, Garrido-Calvo S, Porcel-Pérez JM. Leclercia Adecarboxylata Cholecystitis in a Patient with Metabolic Syndrome. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2008; 9:411-2. [DOI: 10.1089/sur.2007.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Jover-Sáenz
- Departments of Nosocomial, Infection and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Family Physicians, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Barcenilla-Gaite
- Department of Nosocomial Infection, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Family Physicians, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - José Manuel Porcel-Pérez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Family Physicians, Lleida, Spain
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Davenport P, Land KJ. Isolation of Leclercia adecarboxylata from the blood culture of an asymptomatic platelet donor. Transfusion 2007; 47:1816-9. [PMID: 17880606 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial contamination of platelet (PLT) components is a leading cause of transfusion-related fatality. AABB and The College of American Pathologists require that blood centers and transfusion services have a process for detecting bacterial contamination in PLT products. CASE REPORT Leclercia adecarboxylata was isolated from the donated blood of a healthy, asymptomatic 61-year-old man. The PLT donation was collected by apheresis method and was separated into three daughter or split products. Samples from all three products tested positive for the presence of bacterial contamination. L. adecarboxylata was subsequently identified in two of three products. The blood donor's records were reviewed and the donor was interviewed by telephone. The only possible risk identified during the interview was a questionable contact dermatitis, away from the antecubital fossa, thought to be due to poison ivy exposure before the donation. All subsequent donations have tested negative for the presence of bacterial contamination. The organism is a Gram-negative bacillus variant of the Enterobacteriaceae family and known nosocomial isolate. It has been previously reported as a rarely isolated opportunistic pathogen mostly associated with patients having compromised immunity, chronic or inflammatory illness, catheter-related bacteremia, or mixed-bacterial wounds. L. adecarboxylata was originally identified in water, foods, and environment. CONCLUSION This is the first known report of isolation of L. adecarboxylata from the blood donation of an apparently healthy individual and could represent transient asymptomatic bacteremia or more likely contamination by epidermal flora. The organism may be underrecognized due to its close resemblance to Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Davenport
- Department of Medical Services, Carter BloodCare, 2205 Highway 121, Bedford, TX 76021, USA.
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43
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Valverde A, Coque TM, Sánchez-Moreno MP, Rollán A, Baquero F, Cantón R. Dramatic increase in prevalence of fecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae during nonoutbreak situations in Spain. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:4769-75. [PMID: 15472339 PMCID: PMC522353 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.10.4769-4775.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates has increased worldwide. Fecal carriage of ESBL-producing isolates has mainly been detected in nosocomial outbreaks, and few studies have evaluated fecal carriage during nonoutbreak situations and among patients in the community. We have studied the prevalence of ESBLs in 1,239 fecal samples from 849 patients (64.1% of whom were ambulatory) in 1991 and have compared the prevalence data with those obtained in 2003 for 400 fecal samples from 386 patients (75.9% of whom were ambulatory) and 108 samples from independent healthy volunteers. Samples were diluted in saline and cultured in two MacConkey agar plates supplemented with ceftazidime (1 microg/ml) and cefotaxime (1 microg/ml), respectively. Colonies were screened (by the double-disk synergy test) for ESBL production. The clonal relatedness of all ESBL-producing isolates was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with XbaI digestion; and the ESBLs of all ESBL-producing isolates were characterized by isoelectric focusing, PCR, and sequencing. The rates of fecal carriage of ESBL-producing isolates increased significantly (P < 0.001) in both hospitalized patients and outpatients, from 0.3 and 0.7%, respectively, in 1991, to 11.8 and 5.5%, respectively, in 2003. The rate of occurrence of ESBL-producing isolates among healthy volunteers was 3.7%. All ESBL-producing isolates recovered in 2003 were nonepidemic clones of Escherichia coli. ESBL characterization revealed an increasing diversity of ESBL types: TEM-4 and CTX-M-10 were the only enzymes detected in 1991, whereas TEM-4, TEM-52, SHV-12, CTX-M-9, CTX-M-10, CTX-M-14, and a CTX-M-2-like enzyme were recovered in 2003. The ESBL-producing isolates recovered from outpatients in 2003 corresponded to a CTX-M-9-type cluster (62.5%) and SHV-12 (31.2%), whereas TEM-4 was detected only in hospitalized patients. The frequencies of coresistance in isolates recovered in 2003 were as follows: sulfonamide, 75%; tetracycline, 64.3%; streptomycin, 57.1%; quinolones, 53.5%; and trimethoprim, 50%. The increased prevalence of fecal carriage of ESBL-producing isolates during nonoutbreak situations in hospitalized patients and the establishment of these isolates in the community with coresistance to non-beta-lactam antibiotics, including quinolones, represent an opportunity for these isolates to become endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aránzazu Valverde
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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Beltrán A, Molinero AV, Capilla S, Polo AM, Vicente A. [Isolation of Leclercia adecarboxylata from wound exudate of a diabetic patient]. Med Clin (Barc) 2004; 122:159. [PMID: 14967103 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7753(04)74180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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