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Gschwind R, Petitjean M, Fournier C, Lao J, Clermont O, Nordmann P, Mellmann A, Denamur E, Poirel L, Ruppé E. Inter-phylum circulation of a beta-lactamase-encoding gene: a rare but observable event. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0145923. [PMID: 38441061 PMCID: PMC10989005 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01459-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Beta-lactamase-mediated degradation of beta-lactams is the most common mechanism of beta-lactam resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Beta-lactamase-encoding genes can be transferred between closely related bacteria, but spontaneous inter-phylum transfers (between distantly related bacteria) have never been reported. Here, we describe an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-encoding gene (blaMUN-1) shared between the Pseudomonadota and Bacteroidota phyla. An Escherichia coli strain was isolated from a patient in Münster (Germany). Its genome was sequenced. The ESBL-encoding gene (named blaMUN-1) was cloned, and the corresponding enzyme was characterized. The distribution of the gene among bacteria was investigated using the RefSeq Genomes database. The frequency and relative abundance of its closest homolog in the global microbial gene catalog (GMGC) were analyzed. The E. coli strain exhibited two distinct morphotypes. Each morphotype possessed two chromosomal copies of the blaMUN-1 gene, with one morphotype having two additional copies located on a phage-plasmid p0111. Each copy was located within a 7.6-kb genomic island associated with mobility. blaMUN-1 encoded for an extended-spectrum Ambler subclass A2 beta-lactamase with 43.0% amino acid identity to TLA-1. blaMUN-1 was found in species among the Bacteroidales order and in Sutterella wadsworthensis (Pseudomonadota). Its closest homolog in GMGC was detected frequently in human fecal samples. This is, to our knowledge, the first reported instance of inter-phylum transfer of an ESBL-encoding gene, between the Bacteroidota and Pseudomonadota phyla. Although the gene was frequently detected in the human gut, inter-phylum transfer was rare, indicating that inter-phylum barriers are effective in impeding the spread of ESBL-encoding genes, but not entirely impenetrable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Gschwind
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, IAME, Paris, France
| | - Marie Petitjean
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, IAME, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Paris, France
| | - Claudine Fournier
- Emerging Antibiotic Resistance, Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance, Fribourg, Switzerland
- INSERM European Unit (IAME, France), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Julie Lao
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, IAME, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Clermont
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, IAME, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Nordmann
- Emerging Antibiotic Resistance, Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance, Fribourg, Switzerland
- INSERM European Unit (IAME, France), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- University of Lausanne, University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Erick Denamur
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, IAME, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Poirel
- Emerging Antibiotic Resistance, Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance, Fribourg, Switzerland
- INSERM European Unit (IAME, France), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- University of Lausanne, University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Ruppé
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, IAME, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Paris, France
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2
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Ginn O, Berendes D, Wood A, Bivins A, Rocha-Melogno L, Deshusses MA, Tripathi SN, Bergin MH, Brown J. Open Waste Canals as Potential Sources of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Aerosols in Urban Kanpur, India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:1761-1767. [PMID: 33684068 PMCID: PMC8103454 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the movement of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment is critical to managing their spread. To assess potential ARG transport through the air via urban bioaerosols in cities with poor sanitation, we quantified ARGs and a mobile integron (MI) in ambient air over periods spanning rainy and dry seasons in Kanpur, India (n = 53), where open wastewater canals (OWCs) are prevalent. Gene targets represented major antibiotic groups-tetracyclines (tetA), fluoroquinolines (qnrB), and beta-lactams (blaTEM)-and a class 1 mobile integron (intI1). Over half of air samples located near, and up to 1 km from OWCs with fecal contamination (n = 45) in Kanpur had detectable targets above the experimentally determined limits of detection (LOD): most commonly intI1 and tetA (56% and 51% of samples, respectively), followed by blaTEM (8.9%) and qnrB (0%). ARG and MI densities in these positive air samples ranged from 6.9 × 101 to 5.2 × 103 gene copies/m3 air. Most (7/8) control samples collected 1 km away from OWCs were negative for any targets. In comparing experimental samples with control samples, we found that intI1 and tetA densities in air are significantly higher (P = 0.04 and P = 0.01, respectively, alpha = 0.05) near laboratory-confirmed fecal contaminated waters than at the control site. These data suggest increased densities of ARGs and MIs in bioaerosols in urban environments with inadequate sanitation. In such settings, aerosols may play a role in the spread of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Ginn
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David Berendes
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anna Wood
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Aaron Bivins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lucas Rocha-Melogno
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Marc A. Deshusses
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sachchida N. Tripathi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Michael H. Bergin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joe Brown
- Deparment of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Address correspondence to Joe Brown, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Dr., Chapel Hill, NC 27599. E-mail:
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3
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Masalov YK, Heydarov RN, Shashkov IA, Chebotar IV, Zasedatelev AS, Mayansky NA, Mikhailovich VM. Exogenous contaminating DNA in Taq polymerases: A method to avoid false-positive results when detecting the bla TEM gene. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 160:36-41. [PMID: 30904556 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the course of developing an assay to identify genes responsible for antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacteria, it has been found that standard (not DNA-free) Taq DNA polymerases were contaminated with blaTEM gene fragments that varied in length and quantities. The complete blaTEM gene sequence was either absent or was detected in infinitesimal amounts. We developed an approach to avoid false-positive findings caused by contaminating blaTEM gene sequences in conventional polymerases. The method is based on selection of a target sequence to be detected within the blaTEM gene in such a way that the chosen sequence is amplified with primers incapable of amplifying contaminating DNA sequences of the polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav K Masalov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova Str., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Rustam N Heydarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova Str., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Igor A Shashkov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova Str., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Igor V Chebotar
- National Medical Research Center for Children's Health, Ministry of Health, 2 Lomonosovsky Pros., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander S Zasedatelev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova Str., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Mayansky
- National Medical Research Center for Children's Health, Ministry of Health, 2 Lomonosovsky Pros., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir M Mikhailovich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova Str., Moscow 119991, Russia.
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4
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Wally N, Schneider M, Thannesberger J, Kastner MT, Bakonyi T, Indik S, Rattei T, Bedarf J, Hildebrand F, Law J, Jovel J, Steininger C. Plasmid DNA contaminant in molecular reagents. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1652. [PMID: 30733546 PMCID: PMC6367390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background noise in metagenomic studies is often of high importance and its removal requires extensive post-analytic, bioinformatics filtering. This is relevant as significant signals may be lost due to a low signal-to-noise ratio. The presence of plasmid residues, that are frequently present in reagents as contaminants, has not been investigated so far, but may pose a substantial bias. Here we show that plasmid sequences from different sources are omnipresent in molecular biology reagents. Using a metagenomic approach, we identified the presence of the (pol) of equine infectious anemia virus in human samples and traced it back to the expression plasmid used for generation of a commercial reverse transcriptase. We found fragments of multiple other expression plasmids in human samples as well as commercial polymerase preparations. Plasmid contamination sources included production chain of molecular biology reagents as well as contamination of reagents from environment or human handling of samples and reagents. Retrospective analyses of published metagenomic studies revealed an inaccurate signal-to-noise differentiation. Hence, the plasmid sequences that seem to be omnipresent in molecular biology reagents may misguide conclusions derived from genomic/metagenomics datasets and thus also clinical interpretations. Critical appraisal of metagenomic data sets for the possibility of plasmid background noise is required to identify reliable and significant signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wally
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine 1, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Schneider
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine 1, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Thannesberger
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine 1, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M T Kastner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine 1, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Bakonyi
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Indik
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Rattei
- CUBE-Division of Computational Systems Biology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Bedarf
- German Centre for neurodegenerative disease research (DZNE), Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - F Hildebrand
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Law
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - J Jovel
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - C Steininger
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine 1, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Importance of Sequencing To Determine Functional blaTEM Variants. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:61/5/e00237-17. [PMID: 28438797 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00237-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Ginn AN, Zong Z, Wiklendt AM, Thomas LC, Merlino J, Gottlieb T, van Hal S, Harkness J, Macleod C, Bell SM, Leroi MJ, Partridge SR, Iredell JR. Limited diversity in the gene pool allows prediction of third-generation cephalosporin and aminoglycoside resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013; 42:19-26. [PMID: 23706544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Early appropriate antibiotic treatment reduces mortality in severe sepsis, but current methods to identify antibiotic resistance still generally rely on bacterial culture. Modern diagnostics promise rapid gene detection, but the apparent diversity of relevant resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae is a problem. Local surveys and analysis of publicly available data sets suggested that the resistance gene pool is dominated by a relatively small subset of genes, with a very high positive predictive value for phenotype. In this study, 152 Escherichia coli and 115 Klebsiella pneumoniae consecutive isolates with a cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and/or ceftazidime minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≥ 2 μg/mL were collected from seven major hospitals in Sydney (Australia) in 2008-2009. Nearly all of those with a MIC in excess of European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) resistance breakpoints contained one or more representatives of only seven gene types capable of explaining this phenotype, and this included 96% of those with a MIC ≥ 2 μg/mL to any one of these drugs. Similarly, 97% of associated gentamicin-non-susceptibility (MIC ≥ 8 μg/mL) could be explained by three gene types. In a country like Australia, with a background prevalence of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins of 5-10%, this equates to a negative predictive value of >99.5% for non-susceptibility and is therefore suitable for diagnostic application. This is an important proof-of-principle that should be tested in other geographic locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Ginn
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Handschur M, Karlic H, Hertel C, Pfeilstöcker M, Haslberger AG. Preanalytic removal of human DNA eliminates false signals in general 16S rDNA PCR monitoring of bacterial pathogens in blood. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 32:207-19. [PMID: 18261798 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2007.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PCR detection of microbial pathogens in blood from patients is a promising issue for rapid diagnosis of sepsis and early targeted therapy. However, for PCR assays detecting all bacterial groups, broad range primers, in particular the 16S rDNA targeting primers have to be used. Upcoming false signals and reduced sensitivity are a common problem as a consequence of unspecific amplification reactions with the human DNA background. Here we show that, using total DNA extracts from blood, unspecific signals occurred in general 16S rDNA PCRs as a result of the amplification of human sequences. To address this problem, we developed a protocol by which the human background DNA is removed and bacterial DNA is enriched during sample preparation, a method we termed background-free enrichment method (BFEM). In general, we aimed to exclude false signals due to the human background DNA yielded from 16S rDNA PCR, Real-Time-PCR and IGS-PCR analyses. We applied the BFEM to the analysis of blood samples from 22 patients and obtained results similar to standard blood culture methods. The BFEM allows specific and sensitive detection of pathogens in downstream PCR assays and is easy to handle due to the quick sample preparation procedure. Thus, the BFEM contributes to the generation of replicable and more reliable data in general 16S rDNA PCR assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Handschur
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Leukemia Research and Hematology, Vienna, Austria
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Koncan R, Valverde A, Morosini MI, García-Castillo M, Cantón R, Cornaglia G, Baquero F, del Campo R. Learning from mistakes: Taq polymerase contaminated with β-lactamase sequences results in false emergence of Streptococcus pneumoniae containing TEM. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 60:702-3. [PMID: 17597059 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkm239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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9
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Perron A, Raymond P, Simard R. The occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in Taq polymerases and a decontamination method applied to the detection of genetically modified crops. Biotechnol Lett 2006; 28:321-5. [PMID: 16614919 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-005-5931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2005] [Accepted: 11/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Different antibiotic resistance (AR) genes, such as Bla, Tet and NPTII, contaminate commercially available Taq polymerases. The specificity of the AR gene PCR can be increased when using a restriction enzyme-based decontamination of polymerase. The elimination of Taq polymerase contamination allows the use of PCR tests to screen seeds (corn) and processed food for the presence of genetically modified organisms (GMO) based on the detection of AR genes. Without a decontamination procedure for AR genes, PCR screening tests should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Perron
- St-Hyacinthe Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Casavant Blvd West, J2S 8E3 3400, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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Ehricht R, Hotzel H, Sachse K, Slickers P. Residual DNA in thermostable DNA polymerases - a cause of irritation in diagnostic PCR and microarray assays. Biologicals 2006; 35:145-7. [PMID: 16905333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2006.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2006] [Revised: 04/13/2006] [Accepted: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In a validation trial of a DNA microarray test for chlamydiae we repeatedly observed false-positive PCR amplicons from truly negative samples and non-template controls. Various PCR tests, microarray hybridization and DNA sequencing, revealed that residual Escherichia coli DNA from thermostable DNA polymerases was the cause of this cross-reaction. A subsequent survey showed that only five out of 23 commercial polymerases were free of E. coli DNA. When designing generic oligonucleotide sequences for PCR and PCR microarray-based assays one should be aware of such possible internal contamination, particularly when the target organism is E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Ehricht
- CLONDIAG chip technologies GmbH, Loebstedter Strasse 103-105, 07749 Jena, Germany.
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