1
|
Atwood DT, Köhler JR, Vargas SO, Wong W, Klouda T. Identification of Irpex and Rhodotorula on surveillance bronchoscopy in a pediatric lung transplant recipient: A case report and review of literature of these atypical fungal organisms. Pediatr Transplant 2024; 28:e14759. [PMID: 38623871 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is a frequent complication in pediatric lung transplant recipients, occurring in up to 12% of patients in the first year. Risk factors for infection include impaired lung defenses and intense immunosuppressive regimens. While most IFD occurs from Aspergillus, other fungal conidia are continuously inhaled, and infections with fungi on a spectrum of human pathogenicity can occur. CASE REPORT We report a case of a 17-year-old lung transplant recipient in whom Irpex lacteus and Rhodotorula species were identified during surveillance bronchoscopy. She was asymptomatic and deemed to be colonized by Irpex lacteus and Rhodotorula species following transplant. 2 years after transplantation, she developed a fever, respiratory symptoms, abnormal lung imaging, and histological evidence of acute and chronic bronchitis on transbronchial biopsy. After developing symptoms concerning for a pulmonary infection and graft dysfunction, she was treated for a presumed IFD. Unfortunately, further diagnostic testing could not be performed at this time given her tenuous clinical status. Despite the initiation of antifungal therapy, her graft function continued to decline resulting in a second lung transplantation. CONCLUSIONS This case raises the concern for IFD in lung transplant recipients from Irpex species. Further investigation is needed to understand the pathogenicity of this organism, reduce the incidence and mortality of IFD in lung transplant recipients, and refine the approach to diagnosis and manage the colonization and isolation of rare, atypical fungal pathogens in immunocompromised hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Atwood
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julia R Köhler
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara O Vargas
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wai Wong
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy Klouda
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Falces-Romero I, Quiles-Melero I, García-Rodríguez J. Isolation of filamentous basidiomycetes from respiratory samples in a tertiary care Spanish hospital. Rev Iberoam Micol 2023; 40:51-53. [PMID: 38326153 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical significance of the filamentous basidiomycetes isolated from clinical samples is not always clear. Thus, these fungi have been considered environmental contaminants traditionally. AIMS To review those clinical cases in which filamentous basidiomycetes from respiratory samples had been isolated. METHODS The retrospective study was carried out in a single tertiary care hospital. We recovered all culture-confirmed isolations of filamentous basidiomycetes from respiratory samples (bronchial aspirate [BAS], bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL] and sputum) analyzed between the years 2020 and 2023. Isolates were identified by ITS region sequencing. RESULTS In six patients a filamentous basidiomycete had been isolated from a respiratory sample. The species identified were all different: Fomitopsis sp. (BAS), Trametes ljubarskyi (BAL), Stereum gausapatum (BAS), Porostereum spadiaceum (BAS), Phlebia subserialis (sputum) and Inonotus levis (BAL). All the patients were immunosuppressed or had an underlying disease with pulmonary involvement. None of them received any specific antifungal treatment (in relation with the fungus isolated) and all six improved clinically and were discharged. CONCLUSIONS The isolation of filamentous basidiomycetes in these patients had uncertain clinical significance. However, the isolation of any filamentous basidiomycete in respiratory samples from immunosuppressed patients or patients with chronic pulmonary disease is an emerging situation that should be carefully assessed in the context of chronic allergic episodes or suspicion of invasive fungal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iker Falces-Romero
- Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Quiles-Melero
- Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio García-Rodríguez
- Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Levitt BB, Lai HC, Manville AM. Effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields on flora and fauna, Part 2 impacts: how species interact with natural and man-made EMF. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2022; 37:327-406. [PMID: 34243228 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ambient levels of nonionizing electromagnetic fields (EMF) have risen sharply in the last five decades to become a ubiquitous, continuous, biologically active environmental pollutant, even in rural and remote areas. Many species of flora and fauna, because of unique physiologies and habitats, are sensitive to exogenous EMF in ways that surpass human reactivity. This can lead to complex endogenous reactions that are highly variable, largely unseen, and a possible contributing factor in species extinctions, sometimes localized. Non-human magnetoreception mechanisms are explored. Numerous studies across all frequencies and taxa indicate that current low-level anthropogenic EMF can have myriad adverse and synergistic effects, including on orientation and migration, food finding, reproduction, mating, nest and den building, territorial maintenance and defense, and on vitality, longevity and survivorship itself. Effects have been observed in mammals such as bats, cervids, cetaceans, and pinnipeds among others, and on birds, insects, amphibians, reptiles, microbes and many species of flora. Cyto- and geno-toxic effects have long been observed in laboratory research on animal models that can be extrapolated to wildlife. Unusual multi-system mechanisms can come into play with non-human species - including in aquatic environments - that rely on the Earth's natural geomagnetic fields for critical life-sustaining information. Part 2 of this 3-part series includes four online supplement tables of effects seen in animals from both ELF and RFR at vanishingly low intensities. Taken as a whole, this indicates enough information to raise concerns about ambient exposures to nonionizing radiation at ecosystem levels. Wildlife loss is often unseen and undocumented until tipping points are reached. It is time to recognize ambient EMF as a novel form of pollution and develop rules at regulatory agencies that designate air as 'habitat' so EMF can be regulated like other pollutants. Long-term chronic low-level EMF exposure standards, which do not now exist, should be set accordingly for wildlife, and environmental laws should be strictly enforced - a subject explored in Part 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry C Lai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Albert M Manville
- Advanced Academic Programs, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Environmental Sciences and Policy, Johns Hopkins University, Washington DC Campus, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahmed SA, de Hoog S, Kim J, Crozier J, Thomas SE, Stielow B, Stevens DA. Gloeostereum cimri, a novel shelf fungus isolated from a human pulmonary cyst. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 9:1114-1122. [PMID: 32475225 PMCID: PMC8284975 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1769499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous basidiomycetes are uncommon agents of human diseases, despite their ubiquitous presence in the environment. We present a case of symptomatic pulmonary infection in a 38-year-old male with cough and fever; a thin-walled cyst in the posterior left upper pulmonary lobe was revealed by radiography. A non-sporulating fungus was isolated from sputum and biopsy material from the cyst. ITS and LSU sequences placed the fungus phylogenetically in Agaricales, family Cyphellaceae, and identified it as a member of shelf fungi in Gloeostereum, but without identity to any known species. The new species is described as Gloeostereum cimri. The clinical strain showed high MIC to voriconazole (>8 µg/ml) but had low MIC to amphotericin B (0.5 µg/ml).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Ahmed
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Foundation Atlas of Clinical Fungi, Hilversum, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sybren de Hoog
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Foundation Atlas of Clinical Fungi, Hilversum, The Netherlands.,Expertise Center in Mycology Radboud University Medical Center, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janet Kim
- Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - David A Stevens
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kano Y, Yamagishi Y, Kamei K, Mutoh Y, Yuasa H, Yamada K, Matsukawa N. First case report of fungal meningitis due to a polypore mushroom Irpex lacteus. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:2075-2078. [PMID: 33400066 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A 73-year-old Japanese man with a medical history of sarcoidosis was diagnosed with meningitis caused by an undetermined fungus. For further identification, the cerebrospinal fluid sample was analyzed for the rDNA internally transcribed spacer regions, and the fungus was identified as Irpex lacteus. I. lacteus is classified under phylum Basidiomycota and is a wood-rotting bracket mushroom. Although there is no standard treatment regimen for I. lacteus infections, amphotericin B was effective in this patient. Herein, we present, to our knowledge, the first reported case of fungal meningitis caused by I. lacteus, its treatment course, and review relevant published literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Kano
- Department of Neurology, Tosei General Hospital, 160 Nishioiwake-cho, Seto, Aichi, 489-8642, Japan. .,Department of Neurology, Nagoya City East Medical Center, Wakamizu 1-2-23, Chikusa ward, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8547, Japan.
| | - Yuka Yamagishi
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Kamei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Mutoh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tosei General Hospital, Seto, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yuasa
- Department of Neurology, Tosei General Hospital, 160 Nishioiwake-cho, Seto, Aichi, 489-8642, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamada
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City East Medical Center, Wakamizu 1-2-23, Chikusa ward, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8547, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Matsukawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee JM, Han E, Kim J, Park JH, Sung GH, Shin JH, Park YJ. Five Korean Cases of Respiratory Tract Infection by Filamentous Basidiomycetes. Ann Lab Med 2020; 40:84-87. [PMID: 31432646 PMCID: PMC6713658 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2020.40.1.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Mi Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunhee Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Institute for Healthcare and Life Sciences, International St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Gi Ho Sung
- Institute for Healthcare and Life Sciences, International St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Jong Hee Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yeon Joon Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kishimoto M, Nakamura K, Kanemaru K, Tasaki T, Nakamura T, Sato K, Tanimoto M. Crude Enzymes from a <i>Hericium</i> Edible Mushroom Isolated in Japan: Variability in Milk-clotting Activity and the Ability to Coagulate Ultra-high-temperature Pasteurized Milk. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.24.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Munekazu Kishimoto
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi
- Department of Local Produce and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi
| | - Kazuo Nakamura
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi
| | - Keiya Kanemaru
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi
| | - Takuto Tasaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi
| | | | - Kaoru Sato
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
| | - Morimasa Tanimoto
- Department of Local Produce and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chowdhary A, Kathuria S, Agarwal K, Meis JF. Recognizing filamentous basidiomycetes as agents of human disease: A review. Med Mycol 2014; 52:782-97. [PMID: 25202126 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myu047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous basidiomycetes (BM) are common environmental fungi that have recently emerged as important human pathogens, inciting a wide array of clinical manifestations that include allergic and invasive diseases. We reviewed 218 reported global cases of BM fungi. The most common etiologic agent was Schizophyllum commune in 52.3% (114/218) of the cases followed by Hormographiella aspergillata (n = 13; 5.9%), Ceriporia lacerata (n = 11; 5%), and, rarely, Volvariella volvacea, Inonotus tropicalis, Irpex lacteus, Phellinus undulates, Perenniporia species, Bjerkandera adusta, Sporotrichum pruinosum, Phanerochaete steroids, and Cyclomyces tabacinus. These fungi are present in the environment as gilled mushrooms, shelf fungi, and bracket fungi. However, in clinical settings, they usually present as nonsporulating white moulds that are difficult to identify. Moreover, the GenBank database of these fungi is limited. Regarding the country-wise distribution of cases, Japan topped the list with about 43% (n = 94) of globally reported cases, followed by India (57; 26%), the United States (4%), Austria (3.2%), Iran (3.2%), France (2.8%), and the remaining one-third from 16 other countries. The respiratory tract was the most commonly afflicted site (n = 71), with the majority of the cases (42; 59.1%) being allergic in etiology and comprising 34 cases of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis. Also, B. adusta has been implicated in a recently described clinical entity, that is, fungus associated chronic cough, reported exclusively from Japan. BM fungi-incited diseases are currently underdiagnosed due to lack of awareness and expertise, warranting comprehensive epidemiological and susceptibility studies to determine their prevalence and to predict a more appropriate therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shallu Kathuria
- Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kshitij Agarwal
- Rajan Babu Institute of Pulmonary Medicine and Tuberculosis, Delhi, India
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Detporntewan P, Chindamporn A, Worasilchai N, Suankratay C. A case of invasive pulmonary infection caused by novel species of Perenniporia. Mycoses 2014; 57:703-5. [PMID: 25040357 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Perenniporia species, members of basidiomycetes, are known as decay fungi from wood of hardwood tree species. The clinical significance of these non-sporulating fungi from respiratory tract specimens is unknown. They have frequently been discarded as contaminants. There was only one case report of pulmonary fungal ball with positive culture for a Perenniporia species. We report herein a case of invasive pulmonary infection caused by the novel species of Perenniporia in a 44-year-old woman with active systemic lupus erythematosus who was successfully treated with voriconazole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pitaks Detporntewan
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Redefining the human oral mycobiome with improved practices in amplicon-based taxonomy: discovery of Malassezia as a prominent commensal. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90899. [PMID: 24614173 PMCID: PMC3948697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are a large, complex group, increasingly recognized as emerging threats. Their roles as modifiers of health mandate accurate portrayals of fungal communities in humans. As an entry point into the airways and gastrointestinal tract, fungi in the mouth are relevant to several biocompartments. We have revised current practices in sequence-based taxonomy assignments and employed the improvements to address the question of the fungal genera present in the healthy human mouth. The human oral mycobiome was surveyed using massively parallel, high throughput sequencing of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) amplicons from saliva following robust extraction methods. Taxonomy was assigned by comparison to a curated reference dataset, followed by filtering with an empirically determined BLAST E-value match statistic (10−42). Nomenclature corrections further refined results by conjoining redundant names for a single fungal genus. Following these curation steps, about two-thirds of the initially identified genera were eliminated. In comparison with the one similar metagenomic study and several earlier culture-based ones, our findings change the current conception of the oral mycobiome, especially with the discovery of the high prevalence and abundance of the genus Malassezia. Previously identified as an important pathogen of the skin, and recently reported as the predominant fungal genus at the nostril and backs of the head and ear, this is the first account of Malassezia in the human mouth. Findings from this study were in good agreement with others on the existence of many consensus members of the core mycobiome, and on unique patterns for individual subjects. This research offered a cautionary note about unconditional acceptance of lengthy lists of community members produced by automated assignments, provided a roadmap for enhancing the likely biological relevance of sequence-based fungal surveys, and built the foundation for understanding the role of fungi in health and disease of the oral cavity.
Collapse
|
11
|
Nakamura K, Kobayashi N, Tanimoto M. Screening of Edible Mushrooms Producing Milk-clotting Enzyme. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.61.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
12
|
Clinical significance and molecular characterization of nonsporulating molds isolated from the respiratory tracts of bronchopulmonary mycosis patients with special reference to basidiomycetes. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:3331-7. [PMID: 23903552 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01486-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsporulating molds (NSMs), especially basidiomycetes, have predominantly been reported as human pathogens responsible for allergic and invasive disease. Their conventional identification is problematic, as many isolates remain sterile in culture. Thus, inconclusive culture reports might adversely affect treatment decisions. The clinical significance of NSMs in pulmonary mycoses is poorly understood. We sequenced the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and D1/D2 domain of the larger subunit (LSU) of 52 NSMs isolated from respiratory specimens. The basidiomycetes were the predominant NSMs, of which Schizophyllum commune was the most common agent in allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM), followed by Ceriporia lacerata in invasive fungal disease. Porostereum spadiceum, Phanaerochaete stereoides, Neosartorya fischeri, and Marasmiellus palmivorus were the other molds observed. Application of ITS and LSU region sequencing identified 92% of the isolates. The antifungal susceptibility data revealed that all basidiomycetes tested were susceptible to amphotericin B and resistant to caspofungin, fluconazole, and flucytosine. Except for 3 isolates of S. commune and a solitary isolate of M. palmivorus, all basidiomycetes had low MICs for itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole. Basidiomycetes were isolated from patients with ABPM, invasive pulmonary mycosis/pneumonia, or fungal balls. In addition, the majority of the basidiomycetes were isolated from patients with chronic respiratory disorders who were sensitized to one of the basidiomycetous fungi and demonstrated precipitating antibodies against the incriminating fungi, indicating an indolent tissue reaction. Thus, isolation of basidiomycetes from the lower respiratory tract could be significant, and it is important to monitor these patients in order to prevent subsequent lung damage.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Filamentous basidiomycetes are difficult to identify in the clinical laboratory, mostly due to lack of sporulation, and their role as agents of fungal infection can be difficult to assess. More cases of infection with these agents are being reported as more laboratories gain proficiency with the recognition of their subtle morphologic features and the use of DNA-based methods for identification. Most infections occur in the respiratory tract and sinuses, although brain infection has been reported. Susceptibility testing suggests that these agents will respond well to azole drugs other than fluconazole.
Collapse
|
14
|
Clinical significance of filamentous basidiomycetes illustrated by isolates of the novel opportunist Ceriporia lacerata from the human respiratory tract. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 51:585-90. [PMID: 23241374 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02943-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous basidiomycete Ceriporia lacerata, an agent of white rot on wood, has never been reported in human disease and its clinical significance is not yet known. We describe 4 patients with respiratory diseases where C. lacerata was implicated in a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from saprobic colonization to fungal pneumonia. The isolates did not show the morphological characteristics that facilitate recognition of filamentous basidiomycetes, such as the presence of clamp connections, spicules along hyphae, or fruiting bodies. The identity of the mold was confirmed by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 4 (ITS-1 and ITS-4) and D1/D2 regions of the rRNA gene. All of the isolates exhibited the lowest MICs of posaconazole and isavuconazole (MIC range, 0.06 to 0.125 μg/ml), followed by itraconazole (MIC range, 0.06 to 0.5 μg/ml), voriconazole (MIC range, 0.125 to 0.5 μg/ml), and amphotericin B (MIC range, 0.25 to 1 μg/ml). The infections reported here occurred in patients with preexisting lung damage induced by tuberculosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic, sometimes fatal infections by the ascomycete Aspergillus fumigatus and the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune are well established in the presence of an anatomical pulmonary defect or in the background of immunodeficiency. It is postulated that C. lacerata, a novel opportunist basidiomycete, may be involved in similar pathological processes.
Collapse
|
15
|
First human case of pulmonary fungal ball due to a Perenniporia species (a basidiomycete). J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:3786-91. [PMID: 22895039 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01863-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Perenniporia species are basidiomycetes, resupinate shelf fungi responsible for white rot decay of wood. Here, we report for the first time an intracavitary pulmonary fungal ball due to a species of Perenniporia that has not been recognized so far as a human pathogen. The fungus was identified by sequencing of the partial ribosomal operon of a culture from a clinical specimen.
Collapse
|
16
|
Irpex lacteus, a white-rot fungus with biotechnological potential — review. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2009; 54:375-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-009-0053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
17
|
|
18
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fungal respiratory disease is associated with a high mortality in immunocompromised patients. This review aims to describe the recent advances in the aetiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of fungal respiratory disease. RECENT FINDINGS Invasive aspergillosis is an uncommon complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplants and solid-organ transplants but continues to be associated with poor outcome. Isolation of Aspergillus spp. from respiratory samples preceded acute rejection in lung-transplantation recipients. Molecular typing suggested that there was a very weak correlation between the environmental and patient isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Serological and molecular detection of Aspergillus antigens or fungal DNA may improve the diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis, but the sensitivity is variable and more studies are needed. Voriconazole and caspofungin are choice to Aspergillus and Candida infection, especially to azole-resistant Candida spp. Treatment combining amphotericin B preparations, early surgical resection of infected tissue and discontinuation of immunosuppressive treatment may improve prognosis of mucormycosis. SUMMARY Invasive filamentaous fungal infections of lung remain important causes of death in immunocompromised patients. Development of new early diagnostic tools and well-designed multicenter evaluations of diagnostic methods and therapeutic regimens available at present are the important work in the next 2-3 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Yao
- Medical Mycology Laboratory, Shanghai Jiaotong University Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Suárez MB, Sanz L, Chamorro MI, Rey M, González FJ, Llobell A, Monte E. Proteomic analysis of secreted proteins from Trichoderma harzianum. Fungal Genet Biol 2005; 42:924-34. [PMID: 16226906 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2005.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2005] [Revised: 08/17/2005] [Accepted: 08/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trichoderma mycoparasitic activity depends on the secretion of complex mixtures of hydrolytic enzymes able to degrade the host cell wall. We have analysed the extracellular proteome secreted by T. harzianum CECT 2413 in the presence of different fungal cell walls. Significant differences were detected in 2DE maps, depending on the use of specific cell walls or chitin. A combination of MALDI-TOF and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry allowed the identification of a novel aspartic protease (P6281: MW 33 and pI 4.3) highly induced by fungal cell walls. A broad EST library from T. harzianum CECT 2413 was used to obtain the full-length sequence. The protein showed 44% identity with the polyporopepsin (EC 3.4.23.29) from the basidiomycete Irpex lacteus. Lower identity percentages were found with other pepsin-like proteases from filamentous fungi (<31%) and animals (<29%). Northern blot and promoter sequence analyses support the implication of the protease P6281 in mycoparasitism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Belén Suárez
- Centro Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|