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Li F, Gao H, Zhu P, Li Z, Zhao W, Song J, Yang S. Moraxella nasicaprae sp. nov., Isolated from a Goat with Respiratory Disease. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:78. [PMID: 36651991 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, irregular coccus designated as ZY201224T, was isolated from the nasal cavity of a goat with respiratory disease in a goat farm, located at Jianshui, Yunnan Province, PR China and its taxonomic position was clarified using a polyphasic approach. The strain grew optimally at 37 °C, at pH 8.0 and in the presence of 1% NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenomic analysis based on 808 single-copy genes revealed that the strain is affiliated to the genus Moraxella and is distinct from the recognized species of the genus. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that the strain is most closely related to Moraxella caviae CCUG 355T with sequence similarity of 98.1%. The genomic OrthoANI and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between the strain and the type strains of Moraxella species were no higher than 74.7% (Moraxella pluranimalium CCUG 54913T) and 26.0% (Moraxella oblonga NBRC 102422T), respectively. The G + C content of the complete genome sequence was 43.6 mol%. The strain contained CoQ-8 as the major respiratory quinone, and C18:1ω9c, C17:1ω8c, C16:0 and summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/ or C16:1ω6c) as the predominant fatty acids (> 5%). The major polar lipids comprised phosphatidylglycerol (PG), cardiolipin (CL), monolysocardiolipin (MLCL), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG). Based on these taxonomic characterizations, strain ZY201224T represents a novel species of the genus Moraxella, for which the name Moraxella nasicaprae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZY201224T (= CCTCC AB 2021474T = NBRC 115473T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiang Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China
| | - Huafeng Gao
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Zhu
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhong Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianling Song
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibiao Yang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Li F, Zhu P, Li Z, Zhao W, Gao H, Hong Q, Song J, Yang S. Moraxella nasovis sp. nov., isolated from a sheep with respiratory disease. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, coccus-shaped bacteria, designated ZY201115T, was isolated from the nasal cavity of a sheep with respiratory disease in Yunnan Province, south-west China, and its taxonomic affiliation was studied by applying a polyphasic approach. The strain grew at 18–41 °C (optimum, 37 °C), at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and in 0.5–3.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0 % NaCl). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain is affiliated to the genus
Moraxella
with highest similarity to
Moraxella bovis
ATCC 10900T (96.6 %). Phylogenomic analysis based on 811 single-copy genes also indicated that the strain represents a novel species in the genus
Moraxella
and formed a deep and separated clade with
Moraxella caviae
NCTC 10293T. The highest genomic orthologous average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between the strain and the type strains in the genus
Moraxella
were 73.7% (
M. caviae
NCTC 10293T) and 25.3% (
Moraxella osloensis
CCUG 350T), respectively. The G+C content of the complete genome sequence was 42.1 mol%. The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were C18:1 ω9c, C17:1 ω8c, C12:03OH and summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, monolysocardiolipin, phosphatidylethanolamine and hemibismonoacylglycerophosphate. The major respiratory quinone was CoQ-8. On the basis of the results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterizations, strain ZY201115T clearly represents a novel species of the genus
Moraxella
, for which the name Moraxella nasovis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZY201115T (=CCTCC AB 2021473T=CCUG 75922T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiang Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Pei Zhu
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Zhanhong Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Huafeng Gao
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Qionghua Hong
- Yunnan Provincial Meat Caprine Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Jianling Song
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Shibiao Yang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650224, PR China
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3
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Loy JD, Hille M, Maier G, Clawson ML. Component Causes of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis - The Role of Moraxella Species in the Epidemiology of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2021; 37:279-293. [PMID: 34049659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) involves multiple factors and opportunistic pathogens, including members of the genus Moraxella, specifically M bovis. The causal role of M bovis is clear, where the presence of virulence factors that facilitate colonization (pili) and host cytotoxicity (RTX toxins) are well characterized, and IBK has been reproduced in many models. Experimental infection with M bovoculi has failed to reproduce IBK-typical lesions in cattle thus far. However, recent work using genomics and mass spectrometry have found genomic diversity and recombination within these species, making species differentiation complex and challenging the ability to assign IBK causality to these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Dustin Loy
- Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4040 East Campus Loop North 115Q NVDC, Lincoln, NE 68583-0907, USA.
| | - Matthew Hille
- Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4040 East Campus Loop North 115Q NVDC, Lincoln, NE 68583-0907, USA
| | - Gabriele Maier
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, VM3B, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael L Clawson
- US Meat Animal Research Center, USDA Agriculture Research Service, Clay Center, 844 Road 313, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
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4
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O'Connor AM. Applying Concepts of Causal Inference to Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2021; 37:267-278. [PMID: 34049658 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing causation, otherwise known as causal assessment, is a difficult task, made more difficult by the variety of causal assessment frameworks available to consider. In this article, Bradford Hill viewpoints are used to discuss the evidence base for Moraxella bovis and Moraxella bovoculi being component causes of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. Each of the nine Bradford Hill viewpoints are introduced and explained: strength, consistency, specificity, temporality, biologic gradient, plausibility, coherence, experiment, and analogy. Examples of how the viewpoints have been applied for other causal relations are provided, and then the evidence base for M bovis and M bovoculi is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette M O'Connor
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 784 Wilson Road, Room G-100, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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5
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Hille MM, Clawson ML, Dickey AM, Lowery JH, Loy JD. MALDI-TOF MS Biomarker Detection Models to Distinguish RTX Toxin Phenotypes of Moraxella bovoculi Strains Are Enhanced Using Calcium Chloride Supplemented Agar. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:632647. [PMID: 33796479 PMCID: PMC8007961 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.632647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Moraxella bovoculi is the bacterium most often cultured from ocular lesions of cattle with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, also known as bovine pinkeye. Some strains of M. bovoculi contain operons encoding for a repeats-in-toxin (RTX) toxin, which is a known virulence factor of multiple veterinary pathogens. We explored the utility of MALDI-TOF MS and biomarker detection models to classify the presence or absence of an RTX phenotype in M. bovoculi. Ninety strains that had undergone whole genome sequencing were classified by the presence or absence of complete RTX operons and confirmed with a visual assessment of hemolysis on blood agar. Strains were grown on Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) with 5% sheep blood, TSA with 5% bovine blood that was supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 10 mmol/LCaCl2, or both. The formulations were designed to determine the influence of growth media on toxin production or activity, as calcium ions are required for toxin secretion and activity. Mass spectra were obtained for strains grown on each agar formulation and biomarker models were developed using ClinProTools 3.0 software. The most accurate model was developed using spectra from strains grown on TSA with 5% bovine blood and supplemented with CaCl2, which had a sensitivity and specificity of 93.3% and 73.3%, respectively, regarding RTX phenotype classification. The same biomarker model algorithm developed from strains grown on TSA with 5% sheep blood had a substantially lower sensitivity and specificity of 68.0% and 52.0%, respectively. Our results indicate that MALDI-TOF MS biomarker models can accurately classify strains of M. bovoculi regarding the presence or absence of RTX toxin operons and that agar media modifications improve the accuracy of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Hille
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Michael L Clawson
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Clay Center, NE, United States
| | - Aaron M Dickey
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Clay Center, NE, United States
| | - Justin H Lowery
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - John Dustin Loy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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6
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Chen X, Zhang Z, Li H, Zhao J, Wei X, Lin W, Zhao X, Jiang A, Yuan J. Endogenous ethanol produced by intestinal bacteria induces mitochondrial dysfunction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35:2009-2019. [PMID: 32150306 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM A causal relationship between changes of the gut microbiome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. We demonstrated that endogenous ethanol (EnEth) produced by intestinal microbiota is likely a causative agent of NAFLD. METHODS Two mutants with different alcohol-producing abilities, namely, W14-adh and W14Δadh, were constructed using the clinical high alcohol-producing (HiAlc) Klebsiella pneumoniae strain W14 as a parent. Damage to hepatocytes caused by bacteria with different alcohol-producing capacities was evaluated (EtOH group as positive control). The ultrastructural changes of mitochondria were assessed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Hepatic levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA damage, and adenosine triphosphate were examined. RESULTS The results illustrated that steatosis was most severe in the W14-adh group, followed by the W14 group, whereas the W14Δadh group had few fatty droplets. TEM and examination of related protein expression revealed that the mitochondrial integrity of HepG2 hepatocytes was considerably damaged in the EtOH and bacteria treatment groups. The impaired mitochondrial function in HepG2 hepatocytes was evidenced by reduced adenosine triphosphate content and increased mitochondrial ROS accumulation and DNA damage in the EtOH and bacteria treatment groups, especially the W14-adh group. Meanwhile, liver injury and mitochondrial damage were observed in the hepatocytes of mice. The livers of mice in the W14-adh group, which had the highest ethanol production, exhibited the most serious damage, similar to that in the EtOH group. CONCLUSIONS EnEth produced by HiAlc bacteria induces mitochondrial dysfunction in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Huan Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhao
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Weishi Lin
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangna Zhao
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Aimin Jiang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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7
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Rapid differentiation of Moraxella bovoculi genotypes 1 and 2 using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry profiles. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 173:105942. [PMID: 32418912 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Moraxella bovoculi is the most frequently isolated bacteria from the eyes of cattle with Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), also known as bovine pinkeye. Two distinct genotypes of M. bovoculi, genotype 1 and genotype 2, were characterized after whole genome sequencing showed a large degree of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) diversity within the species. To date, both genotypes have been isolated from the eyes of cattle without clinical signs of IBK while only genotype 1 strains have been isolated from the eyes of cattle with clinical signs of IBK. We used 38 known genotype 1 strains and 26 known genotype 2 strains to assess the ability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to accurately genotype M. bovoculi strains using mass spectrum biomarkers. Mass spectrum data was analyzed with ClinProTools 3.0 software and six models were developed that classify strain genotypes with accuracies ranging from 90.6% - 100%. Finally, using four of the most genotype-specific peaks that also exhibited high peak intensities from the six automated models, we developed a customized model (UNL assisted model) that had recognition capability, validation, and classification accuracies of 100% for genotype classification. Our results indicate that MALDI-TOF MS biomarkers can be used to accurately discriminate genotypes of M. bovoculi without the need for additional methods.
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8
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Muñoz Gutiérrez JF, Sondgeroth KS, Williams ES, Montgomery DL, Creekmore TE, Miller MM. Infectious keratoconjunctivitis in free-ranging mule deer in Wyoming: a retrospective study and identification of a novel alphaherpesvirus. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 30:663-670. [PMID: 30032722 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718787862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the clinicopathologic findings, relative prevalence, and pathogens associated with infectious keratoconjunctivitis in mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus) in Wyoming. Seventeen cases with ocular lesions were identified among 1,036 mule deer postmortem submissions (1.6%) in an ~16 y period. Sixteen cases were observed in winter and most were in male (15 cases) and juvenile (13 cases) deer. Blindness was the most commonly reported clinical sign (10 cases). A herpesvirus was detected only in the 4 cases of bilateral necrotizing bulbar conjunctivitis. Phylogenetic analysis of glycoprotein amino acid sequences consistently identified this virus as a novel alphaherpesvirus. In 2 of these herpesvirus-positive cases, Actinomyces sp. and Moraxella ovis were also identified. Trueperella pyogenes was identified in 4 cases of unilateral ulcerative keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis, and panophthalmitis. M. ovis was cultured from 3 cases of bilateral conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis. In the remaining cases, isolates included Moraxella bovis (1 case), Staphylococcus sp. and Streptococcus sp. (2), Flavobacterium sp. and Pseudomonas sp. (2), Escherichia coli and Enterobacter sp. (1), and bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (1). No pathogens were identified in 2 cases. The relative prevalence of keratoconjunctivitis in mule deer in Wyoming appears to be low, and this disease is most commonly associated with infection by a novel alphaherpesvirus, T. pyogenes, and M. ovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Muñoz Gutiérrez
- Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Muñoz Gutiérrez, Sondgeroth, Williams, Montgomery, Miller).,Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Laramie, WY (Creekmore)
| | - Kerry S Sondgeroth
- Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Muñoz Gutiérrez, Sondgeroth, Williams, Montgomery, Miller).,Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Laramie, WY (Creekmore)
| | - Elizabeth S Williams
- Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Muñoz Gutiérrez, Sondgeroth, Williams, Montgomery, Miller).,Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Laramie, WY (Creekmore)
| | - Donald L Montgomery
- Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Muñoz Gutiérrez, Sondgeroth, Williams, Montgomery, Miller).,Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Laramie, WY (Creekmore)
| | - Terry E Creekmore
- Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Muñoz Gutiérrez, Sondgeroth, Williams, Montgomery, Miller).,Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Laramie, WY (Creekmore)
| | - Myrna M Miller
- Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Muñoz Gutiérrez, Sondgeroth, Williams, Montgomery, Miller).,Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Laramie, WY (Creekmore)
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9
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Kowalski AP, Maboni G, Gressler LT, Espíndola JP, Balzan C, Tasca C, Guizzo JA, Conceição FR, Frandoloso R, de Vargas AC. Antigenic characterization of Moraxella bovis, Moraxella bovoculi and Moraxella ovis strains with potential use in vaccines. Vet Microbiol 2018; 210:56-63. [PMID: 29103697 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Moraxella bovis is historically known as the primary agent of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). However, Moraxella bovoculi and Moraxella ovis are also reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of IBK, therefore, these three species should be included in the development of a new vaccine with a broad-spectrum protection against the disease natural challenge. In this study we investigated the antigenic properties of clinical isolates and reference strains of M. bovis, M. bovoculi and M. ovis using a novel in vitro approach for vaccine evaluation based on two techniques, flow cytometry and western blotting (WB). Here, we demonstrated that rabbit antisera produced against reference M. bovis strain and commercial bacterin showed low number of IgG with capacity to recognize a panel of heterologous strains composed by M. bovoculi and M. ovis. On the other hand, the antisera generated against two clinical isolates of M. ovis (Mov2 and Mov3) presented high cross-reactivity levels against all M. ovis and M. bovis strains evaluated. Similarly, the antisera against Mbv3 (clinical isolate of M. bovoculi) had high levels of IgG associated on the surface of all M. bovoculi strains and most of the M. ovis strains analyzed. The WB analysis demonstrated that Moraxella spp. has multiple immunogenic antigens and most of them are shared between the three species. Based on the cross-reactivity analysis and considering the relative number of IgGs associated on the bacterial surface, we suggest that a multivalent vaccine including Mbv3, Mov2 and Mov3 strains may provide a strong and broad protection against all strains involved in IBK outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Paula Kowalski
- Setor de Bacteriologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) CEP 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Grazieli Maboni
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Letícia Trevisan Gressler
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Campus I, Bairro São José, BR 282, km 171, CEP 99052-900, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Julia Pires Espíndola
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Campus I, Bairro São José, BR 282, km 171, CEP 99052-900, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Balzan
- Setor de Bacteriologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Caiane Tasca
- Setor de Bacteriologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - João Antônio Guizzo
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Campus I, Bairro São José, BR 282, km 171, CEP 99052-900, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Rochedo Conceição
- Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Setor de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Frandoloso
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Campus I, Bairro São José, BR 282, km 171, CEP 99052-900, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Agueda Castagna de Vargas
- Setor de Bacteriologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) CEP 97105-900, Brazil
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10
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Angelos JA, Ball LM. Differentiation of Moraxella Bovoculi sp. nov. from other Coccoid Moraxellae by the Use of Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Endonuclease Analysis of Amplified DNA. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 19:532-4. [PMID: 17823397 DOI: 10.1177/104063870701900511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Moraxella oris was historically the only coccoid Moraxella identified in cultures of ocular fluid from cattle with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) and could be morphologically and biochemically differentiated from Moraxella bovis. Moraxella bovoculi sp. nov. is a recently characterized Moraxella isolated from ulcerated eyes of calves with IBK in northern California in 2002. Like Moraxella ovis, M. bovoculi sp. nov. is a gram-negative coccus/diplococcus. All 18 original isolates of M. bovoculi sp. nov. possessed phenylalanine deaminase (PADase) activity and could therefore be differentiated from M. ovis and M. bovis. During the characterization of 44 additional isolates of hemolytic gram-negative cocci that were cultured from ulcerated eyes of IBK-affected calves, 2 PADase-negative isolates were identified that could not be differentiated biochemically from M. ovis; however, the DNA sequence of the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region (ISR) of the isolates matched the 16S-23S ISR DNA sequence of M. bovoculi sp. nov. To facilitate the identification of PADase-negative moraxellae, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with restriction enzyme digestion analysis of amplified DNA was developed. Amplification of the 16S-23S ISR followed by AfaI digestion of amplified DNA could differentiate M. bovoculi sp. nov. from M. ovis and other moraxellae. The DNA sequence analysis of the amplified 16S-23S ISR from the 42 PADase-positive isolates of hemolytic gram-negative cocci indicated that all were M. bovoculi sp. nov. and all possessed an AfaI site. A PCR coupled with restriction analysis of amplified DNA can aid in identifying M. bovoculi sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Angelos
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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11
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Chen CM, Liu JJ, Chou CW, Lai CH, Wu LT. RpA, an extracellular protease similar to the metalloprotease of serralysin family, is required for pathogenicity of Ralstonia pickettii. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:1101-11. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C.-M. Chen
- Division of Infectious Disease; Department of Internal Medicine; Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital; Taichung Taiwan
| | - J.-J. Liu
- The Institute of Medical Science and Department of Microbiology; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - C.-W. Chou
- Department of Cosmeceutics; College of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - C.-H. Lai
- The Institute of Medical Science and Department of Microbiology; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - L.-T. Wu
- The Institute of Medical Science and Department of Microbiology; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
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12
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Schnee C, Heller M, Schubert E, Sachse K. Point prevalence of infection with Mycoplasma bovoculi and Moraxella spp. in cattle at different stages of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. Vet J 2014; 203:92-6. [PMID: 25475168 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) has significant economic consequences and a detrimental impact on animal welfare. Although Moraxella (Mor.) bovis is the primary causative agent, the role of other bacteria, such as Mor. ovis, Mor. bovoculi and Mycoplasma (Myc.) bovoculi, is not well understood. To assess the prevalence of infection with these organisms, and to correlate this with outbreaks of IBK, conjunctival samples from four herds of cattle in Germany of differing IBK status were examined. Herds were selected to represent a hypothetical course of IBK ranging from the pre-outbreak stage (herd 1), to the acute disease stage (herd 2), to a stage where treatment had ceased (herd 3). Unaffected animals were also included (herd 4). To facilitate effective, sensitive sample analysis, a new real-time PCR for Myc. bovoculi was developed and used in concert with established real-time PCR protocols for Myc. bovis and Moraxella spp. Herds 1 and 2 showed similarly high rates of detection for Myc. bovoculi (92.5% and 84.0%, respectively), whereas herds 3 and 4 had a lower prevalence (35.5% and 26.2%, respectively). Mor. bovis and Mor. ovis were more prevalent in herd 1 (32.5% and 87.5%, respectively) and herd 2 (38% and 58%, respectively) than herd 3 (10.4% and 1.3%, respectively) and herd 4 (9.8% and 31.1%, respectively). Mor. bovoculi was the only pathogen that correlated with clinical signs of IBK; at 20% prevalence, it was almost exclusively detected in herd 2. The results indicate that herds with high Myc. bovoculi prevalence are more predisposed to outbreaks of IBK, possibly due to a synergistic interaction with Moraxella spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Schnee
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-lnstitut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Martin Heller
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-lnstitut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Evelyn Schubert
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-lnstitut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Konrad Sachse
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-lnstitut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
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13
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Sosa V, Zunino P. Molecular and phenotypic analysis of Moraxella spp. associated with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in Uruguay. Vet J 2012; 193:595-7. [PMID: 22342890 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is a common ocular disease of cattle, which is generally thought to be caused by Moraxella bovis. However, a recently characterized Moraxella, M. bovoculi, has been isolated from animals with IBK. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize strains of Moraxella spp. obtained from IBK cases in different geographic locations within Uruguay. Ribosomal gene sequencing indicated that there were two groups of isolates that showed homology with either M. bovis or M. bovoculi. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of two species as the isolates grouped in different branches of the dendrogram. Conventional biochemical characterization did not distinguish between the species; only 9/25 isolates which had genetic homology with M. bovoculi showed any differences in biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Sosa
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Avenida Italia 3318, Montevideo, Uruguay
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14
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Addis MF, Cappuccinelli R, Tedde V, Pagnozzi D, Viale I, Meloni M, Salati F, Roggio T, Uzzau S. Influence of Moraxella sp. colonization on the kidney proteome of farmed gilthead sea breams (Sparus aurata, L.). Proteome Sci 2010; 8:50. [PMID: 20939867 PMCID: PMC2964643 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-8-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, presence of Moraxella sp. in internal organs of fish is not considered detrimental for fish farming. However, bacterial colonization of internal organs can affect fish wellness and decrease growth rate, stress resistance, and immune response. Recently, there have been reports by farmers concerning slow growth, poor feed conversion, and low average weight increase of fish farmed in offshore floating sea cages, often associated with internal organ colonization by Moraxella sp. Therefore, presence of these opportunistic bacteria deserves further investigations for elucidating incidence and impact on fish metabolism. Results A total of 960 gilthead sea breams (Sparus aurata, L.), collected along 17 months from four offshore sea cage plants and two natural lagoons in Sardinia, were subjected to routine microbiological examination of internal organs throughout the production cycle. Thirteen subjects (1.35%) were found positive for Moraxella sp. in the kidney (7), brain (3), eye (1), spleen (1), and perivisceral fat (1). In order to investigate the influence of Moraxella sp. colonization, positive and negative kidney samples were subjected to a differential proteomics study by means of 2-D PAGE and mass spectrometry. Interestingly, Moraxella sp. infected kidneys displayed a concerted upregulation of several mitochondrial enzymes compared to negative tissues, reinforcing previous observations following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in fish. Conclusions Presence of Moraxella sp. in farmed sea bream kidney is able to induce proteome alterations similar to those described following LPS challenge in other fish species. This study revealed that Moraxella sp. might be causing metabolic alterations in fish, and provided indications on proteins that could be investigated as markers of infection by Gram-negative bacteria within farming plants.
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Angelos JA, Ball LM, Hess JF. Identification and characterization of complete RTX operons in Moraxella bovoculi and Moraxella ovis. Vet Microbiol 2007; 125:73-9. [PMID: 17561358 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2007] [Revised: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To determine if Moraxella bovoculi (M. bovoculi), a recently characterized coccoid Moraxella that was isolated from the eyes of calves affected with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), and Moraxella ovis (M. ovis), originally isolated from sheep with conjunctivitis, possessed genes encoding RTX proteins, genomic DNA was amplified with oligonucleotide primers targeting RTX operon genes of Moraxella bovis (M. bovis). Complete classical RTX operons composed of RTXCABD genes closely linked to a putative secretion accessory protein encoding gene (tolC) were identified in M. bovoculi and M. ovis and were designated mbvCABDtolC and movCABDtolC, respectively. These genes were closely related to M. bovis mbxCABDtolC. Polyclonal rabbit antiserum against the carboxy terminus of M. bovoculi MbvA neutralized hemolytic activity of both M. bovoculi and M. ovis; this antiserum did not neutralize the hemolytic activity of M. bovis. M. bovoculi and M. ovis possess genes that encode proteins related to pathogenic factors of M. bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Angelos
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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16
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Angelos JA, Spinks PQ, Ball LM, George LW. Moraxella bovoculi sp. nov., isolated from calves with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2007; 57:789-795. [PMID: 17392208 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.64333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eighteen isolates of a Gram-negative coccus (strain 237T) were cultured from the eyes of dairy and beef calves affected with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK; ‘pinkeye’) in northern California, USA, during summer 2002. These isolates had near full-length (1397 bp) 16S rRNA gene sequences that clustered into three groups with 99.9 % sequence similarity. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, the isolates were most closely associated with Moraxella bovis and Moraxella ovis in clade I of the classical moraxellae. Biochemically, the novel isolates could be distinguished from the other members of the genus Moraxella isolated from animals on the basis of phenylalanine deaminase activity. The results of partial sequence analysis of six housekeeping genes, the 16S–23S rRNA gene interspacer region and partial 23S rRNA gene provide strong support for the inclusion of these isolates in a novel taxon, for which the name Moraxella bovoculi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain 237T (=ATCC BAA-1259T=CCUG 52049T).
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Angelos
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Phillip Q Spinks
- Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Louise M Ball
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lisle W George
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Catry B, Boyen F, Baele M, Dewulf J, de Kruif A, Vaneechoutte M, Haesebrouck F, Decostere A. Recovery of Moraxella ovis from the bovine respiratory tract and differentiation of Moraxella species by tDNA-intergenic spacer PCR. Vet Microbiol 2006; 120:375-80. [PMID: 17141983 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Revised: 10/27/2006] [Accepted: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to identify Moraxella (M.)--like organisms recovered from calves suffering from respiratory disease down to species level by means of tDNA-intergenic spacer length polymorphism analysis (tDNA-PCR), and to perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing of these isolates using an agar dilution technique. A total of 16 isolates originating from 12 unrelated occasions were identified as Moraxella ovis, and tDNA fingerprinting showed clear delineation from other Moraxella species. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (in microg/mL) for 90% of the investigated isolates were < or =0.03 for ampicillin; 0.25 for ceftiofur; 0.5 for oxytetracycline; 8 for gentamicin; 64 for spectinomycin; 0.5/9.5 for the combination trimethoprim-sulfonamides; 4 for erythromycin; 8 for tilmicosin; 1 for florfenicol and 0.125 for enrofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boudewijn Catry
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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