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Nguyen PQ, Conesa C, Rabut E, Bragagnolo G, Gouzerh C, Fernández-Tornero C, Lesage P, Reguera J, Acker J. Ty1 integrase is composed of an active N-terminal domain and a large disordered C-terminal module dispensable for its activity in vitro. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101093. [PMID: 34416236 PMCID: PMC8487063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are genetic elements that, like retroviruses, replicate by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate into a complementary DNA (cDNA) that is next integrated into the host genome by their own integrase. The Ty1 LTR retrotransposon has proven to be a reliable working model to investigate retroelement integration site preference. However, the low yield of recombinant Ty1 integrase production reported so far has been a major obstacle for structural studies. Here we analyze the biophysical and biochemical properties of a stable and functional recombinant Ty1 integrase highly expressed in E.coli. The recombinant protein is monomeric and has an elongated shape harboring the three-domain structure common to all retroviral integrases at the N-terminal half, an extra folded region, and a large intrinsically disordered region at the C-terminal half. Recombinant Ty1 integrase efficiently catalyzes concerted integration in vitro, and the N-terminal domain displays similar activity. These studies that will facilitate structural analyses may allow elucidating the molecular mechanisms governing Ty1 specific integration into safe places in the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Conesa
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Elise Rabut
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Célia Gouzerh
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Pascale Lesage
- INSERM U944, CNRS UMR 7212, Genomes and Cell Biology of Disease Unit, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Juan Reguera
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, AFMB UMR 7257, Marseille, France; INSERM, AFMB UMR7257, Marseille, France.
| | - Joël Acker
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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2
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Keightley MC, Carradice DP, Layton JE, Pase L, Bertrand JY, Wittig JG, Dakic A, Badrock AP, Cole NJ, Traver D, Nutt SL, McCoey J, Buckle AM, Heath JK, Lieschke GJ. The Pu.1 target gene Zbtb11 regulates neutrophil development through its integrase-like HHCC zinc finger. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14911. [PMID: 28382966 PMCID: PMC5384227 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to infection and injury, the neutrophil population rapidly expands and then quickly re-establishes the basal state when inflammation resolves. The exact pathways governing neutrophil/macrophage lineage outputs from a common granulocyte-macrophage progenitor are still not completely understood. From a forward genetic screen in zebrafish, we identify the transcriptional repressor, ZBTB11, as critical for basal and emergency granulopoiesis. ZBTB11 sits in a pathway directly downstream of master myeloid regulators including PU.1, and TP53 is one direct ZBTB11 transcriptional target. TP53 repression is dependent on ZBTB11 cys116, which is a functionally critical, metal ion-coordinating residue within a novel viral integrase-like zinc finger domain. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a function for this domain in a cellular protein. We demonstrate that the PU.1–ZBTB11–TP53 pathway is conserved from fish to mammals. Finally, Zbtb11 mutant rescue experiments point to a ZBTB11-regulated TP53 requirement in development of other organs. Neutrophils are increased in response to injury and infection but how they form from a common granulocyte-macrophage progenitor is unclear. Here, the authors identify a role for the transcriptional repressor ZBTB11 in zebrafish, which is regulated by master myeloid regulators and represses TP53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Cristina Keightley
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Duncan P Carradice
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Judith E Layton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Parkville Branch, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Luke Pase
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Julien Y Bertrand
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva-CMU, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Johannes G Wittig
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Aleksandar Dakic
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Andrew P Badrock
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Nicholas J Cole
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - David Traver
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Julia McCoey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ashley M Buckle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Joan K Heath
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Parkville Branch, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Graham J Lieschke
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Parkville Branch, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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3
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Abstract
Long-terminal repeat (LTR)-retrotransposons generate a copy of their DNA (cDNA) by reverse transcription of their RNA genome in cytoplasmic nucleocapsids. They are widespread in the eukaryotic kingdom and are the evolutionary progenitors of retroviruses [1]. The Ty1 element of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the first LTR-retrotransposon demonstrated to mobilize through an RNA intermediate, and not surprisingly, is the best studied. The depth of our knowledge of Ty1 biology stems not only from the predominance of active Ty1 elements in the S. cerevisiae genome but also the ease and breadth of genomic, biochemical and cell biology approaches available to study cellular processes in yeast. This review describes the basic structure of Ty1 and its gene products, the replication cycle, the rapidly expanding compendium of host co-factors known to influence retrotransposition and the nature of Ty1's elaborate symbiosis with its host. Our goal is to illuminate the value of Ty1 as a paradigm to explore the biology of LTR-retrotransposons in multicellular organisms, where the low frequency of retrotransposition events presents a formidable barrier to investigations of retrotransposon biology.
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4
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BUD22 affects Ty1 retrotransposition and ribosome biogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2010; 185:1193-205. [PMID: 20498295 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.110.119115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of cellular factors affect the movement of the retrovirus-like transposon Ty1. To identify genes involved in Ty1 virus-like particle (VLP) function, the level of the major capsid protein (Gag-p45) and its proteolytic precursor (Gag-p49p) was monitored in a subset of Ty1 cofactor mutants. Twenty-nine of 87 mutants contained alterations in the level of Gag; however, only bud22Delta showed a striking defect in Gag processing. BUD22 affected the +1 translational frameshifting event required to express the Pol proteins protease, integrase, and reverse transcriptase. Therefore, it is possible that the bud22Delta mutant may not produce enough functional Ty1 protease to completely process Gag-p49 to p45. Furthermore, BUD22 is required for 18S rRNA processing and 40S subunit biogenesis and influences polysome density. Together our results suggest that BUD22 is involved in a step in ribosome biogenesis that not only affects general translation, but also may alter the frameshifting efficiency of ribosomes, an event central to Ty1 retrotransposition.
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