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Wang S, Wang X, Li S, Sun X, Xue M, Di D, Zhang A, Zhang Y, Xia Y, Zhou T, Fan Z. Maize lipid droplet-associated protein 2 is recruited by a virus to enhance viral multiplication and infection through regulating cellular fatty acid metabolism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:2484-2499. [PMID: 39007841 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Pathogen infection induces massive reprogramming of host primary metabolism. Lipid and fatty acid (FA) metabolism is generally disrupted by pathogens and co-opted for their proliferation. Lipid droplets (LDs) that play important roles in regulating cellular lipid metabolism are utilized by a variety of pathogens in mammalian cells. However, the function of LDs during pathogenic infection in plants remains unknown. We show here that infection by rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) affects the lipid metabolism of maize, which causes elevated accumulation of C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) leading to viral proliferation and symptom development. The overexpression of one of the two novel LD-associated proteins (LDAPs) of maize (ZmLDAP1 and ZmLDAP2) induces LD clustering. The core capsid protein P8 of RBSDV interacts with ZmLDAP2 and prevents its degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system mediated by a UBX domain-containing protein, PUX10. In addition, silencing of ZmLDAP2 downregulates the expression of FA desaturase genes in maize, leading to a decrease in C18 PUFAs levels and suppression of RBSDV accumulation. Our findings reveal that plant virus may recruit LDAP to regulate cellular FA metabolism to promote viral multiplication and infection. These results expand the knowledge of LD functions and viral infection mechanisms in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wang
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Siqi Li
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xi Sun
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingshuo Xue
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dianping Di
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Aihong Zhang
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yongjiang Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yiji Xia
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zaifeng Fan
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
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Lagzian A, Ghorbani A, Tabein S, Riseh RS. Genetic variations and gene expression profiles of Rice Black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) in different host plants and insect vectors: insights from RNA-Seq analysis. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:736. [PMID: 39080552 PMCID: PMC11289972 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10649-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) is an etiological agent of a destructive disease infecting some economically important crops from the Gramineae family in Asia. While RBSDV causes high yield losses, genetic characteristics of replicative viral populations have not been investigated within different host plants and insect vectors. Herein, eleven publicly available RNA-Seq datasets from Chinese RBSDV-infected rice, maize, and viruliferous planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus) were obtained from the NCBI database. The patterns of SNP and RNA expression profiles of expected RBSDV populations were analyzed by CLC Workbench 20 and Geneious Prime software. These analyses discovered 2,646 mutations with codon changes in RBSDV whole transcriptome and forty-seven co-mutated hotspots with high variant frequency within the crucial regions of S5-1, S5-2, S6, S7-1, S7-2, S9, and S10 open reading frames (ORFs) which are responsible for some virulence and host range functions. Moreover, three joint mutations are located on the three-dimensional protein of P9-1. The infected RBSDV-susceptible rice cultivar KTWYJ3 and indigenous planthopper datasets showed more co-mutated hotspot numbers than others. Our analyses showed the expression patterns of viral genomic fragments varied depending on the host type. Unlike planthopper, S5-1, S2, S6, and S9-1 ORFs, respectively had the greatest read numbers in host plants; and S5-2, S9-2, and S7-2 were expressed in the lowest level. These findings underscore virus/host complexes are effective in the genetic variations and gene expression profiles of plant viruses. Our analysis revealed no evidence of recombination events. Interestingly, the negative selection was observed at 12 RBSDV ORFs, except for position 1015 in the P1 protein, where a positive selection was detected. The research highlights the potential of SRA datasets for analysis of the virus cycle and enhances our understanding of RBSDV's genetic diversity and host specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Lagzian
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Abozar Ghorbani
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Saeid Tabein
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Wu W, Wang M, Deng Z, Xi M, Dong Y, Wang H, Zhang J, Wang C, Zhou Y, Xu Q. The miR-184-3p promotes rice black-streaked dwarf virus infection by suppressing Ken in Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1849-1858. [PMID: 38050810 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in various biological processes by influencing the translation of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) through post-transcriptional regulation. The miR-184-3p has been identified as an abundant conserved miRNA in insects. However, less is known about its functions in insect-plant virus interactions. RESULTS The function of miR-184-3p in regulation of plant viral infection in insects was investigated using a rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) and Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) interaction system. We found that the expression of miR-184-3p increased in L. striatellus after RBSDV infection. Injection of miR-184-3p mimics increased RBSDV accumulation, while treatment with miR-184-3p antagomirs inhibits the viral accumulation in L. striatellus. Ken, a zinc finger protein, was identified as a target of miR-184-3p. Knockdown of Ken increased the virus accumulation and promoted RBSDV transmission by L. striatellus. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that RBSDV infection induces the expression of miR-184-3p in its insect vector L. striatellus. The miR-184-3p targets Ken to promote RBSDV accumulation and transmission. These findings provide a new insight into the function of the miRNAs in regulating plant viral infection in its insect vector. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Key laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Man Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiting Deng
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Minmin Xi
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Changchun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiufang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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Zhao B, Hu L, Kaundal S, Neetu N, Lee CH, Somoulay X, Sankaran B, Taylor GM, Dermody TS, Venkataram Prasad BV. Structure of orthoreovirus RNA chaperone σNS, a component of viral replication factories. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2460. [PMID: 38503747 PMCID: PMC10950856 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) σNS protein is required for formation of replication compartments that support viral genome replication and capsid assembly. Despite its functional importance, a mechanistic understanding of σNS is lacking. We conducted structural and biochemical analyses of a σNS mutant that forms dimers instead of the higher-order oligomers formed by wildtype (WT) σNS. The crystal structure shows that dimers interact with each other using N-terminal arms to form a helical assembly resembling WT σNS filaments in complex with RNA observed using cryo-EM. The interior of the helical assembly is of appropriate diameter to bind RNA. The helical assembly is disrupted by bile acids, which bind to the same site as the N-terminal arm. This finding suggests that the N-terminal arm functions in conferring context-dependent oligomeric states of σNS, which is supported by the structure of σNS lacking an N-terminal arm. We further observed that σNS has RNA chaperone activity likely essential for presenting mRNA to the viral polymerase for genome replication. This activity is reduced by bile acids and abolished by N-terminal arm deletion, suggesting that the activity requires formation of σNS oligomers. Our studies provide structural and mechanistic insights into the function of σNS in reovirus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Zhao
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Liya Hu
- Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Soni Kaundal
- Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neetu Neetu
- Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher H Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburg, PA, USA
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, PA, USA
| | - Xayathed Somoulay
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburg, PA, USA
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, PA, USA
| | - Banumathi Sankaran
- Berkeley Center for Structural Biology, Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gwen M Taylor
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburg, PA, USA
| | - Terence S Dermody
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburg, PA, USA.
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, PA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburg, PA, USA.
| | - B V Venkataram Prasad
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Zhao B, Hu L, Kuandal S, Neetu N, Lee C, Somoulay X, Sankaran B, Taylor GM, Dermody TS, Prasad BVV. Structure of Orthoreovirus RNA Chaperone σNS, a Component of Viral Replication Factories. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.31.551319. [PMID: 37577609 PMCID: PMC10418060 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.31.551319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The reovirus σNS RNA-binding protein is required for formation of intracellular compartments during viral infection that support viral genome replication and capsid assembly. Despite its functional importance, a mechanistic understanding of σNS is lacking. We conducted structural and biochemical analyses of an R6A mutant of σNS that forms dimers instead of the higher-order oligomers formed by wildtype (WT) σNS. The crystal structure of selenomethionine-substituted σNS-R6A reveals that the mutant protein forms a stable antiparallel dimer, with each subunit having a well-folded central core and a projecting N-terminal arm. The dimers interact with each other by inserting the N-terminal arms into a hydrophobic pocket of the neighboring dimers on either side to form a helical assembly that resembles filaments of WT σNS in complex with RNA observed using cryo-EM. The interior of the crystallographic helical assembly is positively charged and of appropriate diameter to bind RNA. The helical assembly is disrupted by bile acids, which bind to the same hydrophobic pocket as the N-terminal arm, as demonstrated in the crystal structure of σNS-R6A in complex with bile acid, suggesting that the N-terminal arm functions in conferring context-dependent oligomeric states of σNS. This idea is supported by the structure of σNS lacking the N-terminal arm. We discovered that σNS displays RNA helix destabilizing and annealing activities, likely essential for presenting mRNA to the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase for genome replication. The RNA chaperone activity is reduced by bile acids and abolished by N-terminal arm deletion, suggesting that the activity requires formation of σNS oligomers. Our studies provide structural and mechanistic insights into the function of σNS in reovirus replication.
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A Fijivirus Major Viroplasm Protein Shows RNA-Stimulated ATPase Activity by Adopting Pentameric and Hexameric Assemblies of Dimers. mBio 2023; 14:e0002323. [PMID: 36786587 PMCID: PMC10128069 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00023-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fijiviruses replicate and package their genomes within viroplasms in a process involving RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions. Here, we demonstrate that the 24 C-terminal residues (C-arm) of the P9-1 major viroplasm protein of the mal de Río Cuarto virus (MRCV) are required for its multimerization and the formation of viroplasm-like structures. Using an integrative structural approach, the C-arm was found to be dispensable for P9-1 dimer assembly but essential for the formation of pentamers and hexamers of dimers (decamers and dodecamers), which favored RNA binding. Although both P9-1 and P9-1ΔC-arm catalyzed ATP with similar activities, an RNA-stimulated ATPase activity was only detected in the full-length protein, indicating a C-arm-mediated interaction between the ATP catalytic site and the allosteric RNA binding sites in the (do)decameric assemblies. A stronger preference to bind phosphate moieties in the decamer was predicted, suggesting that the allosteric modulation of ATPase activity by RNA is favored in this structural conformation. Our work reveals the structural versatility of a fijivirus major viroplasm protein and provides clues to its mechanism of action. IMPORTANCE The mal de Río Cuarto virus (MRCV) causes an important maize disease in Argentina. MRCV replicates in several species of Gramineae plants and planthopper vectors. The viral factories, also called viroplasms, have been studied in detail in animal reovirids. This work reveals that a major viroplasm protein of MRCV forms previously unidentified structural arrangements and provides evidence that it may simultaneously adopt two distinct quaternary assemblies. Furthermore, our work uncovers an allosteric communication between the ATP and RNA binding sites that is favored in the multimeric arrangements. Our results contribute to the understanding of plant reovirids viroplasm structure and function and pave the way for the design of antiviral strategies for disease control.
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Wang P, Liu J, Lyu Y, Huang Z, Zhang X, Sun B, Li P, Jing X, Li H, Zhang C. A Review of Vector-Borne Rice Viruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102258. [PMID: 36298813 PMCID: PMC9609659 DOI: 10.3390/v14102258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major staple foods for global consumption. A major roadblock to global rice production is persistent loss of crops caused by plant diseases, including rice blast, sheath blight, bacterial blight, and particularly various vector-borne rice viral diseases. Since the late 19th century, 19 species of rice viruses have been recorded in rice-producing areas worldwide and cause varying degrees of damage on the rice production. Among them, southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) and rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) in Asia, rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) in Africa, and rice stripe necrosis virus (RSNV) in America currently pose serious threats to rice yields. This review systematizes the emergence and damage of rice viral diseases, the symptomatology and transmission biology of rice viruses, the arm races between viruses and rice plants as well as their insect vectors, and the strategies for the prevention and control of rice viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyue Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jianjian Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agronomy, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yajing Lyu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Co-Construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ziting Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bingjian Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Pengbai Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xinxin Jing
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Honglian Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence:
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Llauger G, Monti D, Adúriz M, Romão E, Dumón AD, Mattio MF, Wigdorovitz A, Muyldermans S, Vincke C, Parreño V, Del Vas M. Development of Nanobodies against Mal de Río Cuarto virus major viroplasm protein P9-1 for diagnostic sandwich ELISA and immunodetection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20013. [PMID: 34625580 PMCID: PMC8501053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mal de Río Cuarto virus (MRCV) is a member of the genus Fijivirus of the family Reoviridae that causes a devastating disease in maize and is persistently and propagatively transmitted by planthopper vectors. Virus replication and assembly occur within viroplasms formed by viral and host proteins. This work describes the isolation and characterization of llama-derived Nanobodies (Nbs) recognizing the major viral viroplasm component, P9-1. Specific Nbs were selected against recombinant P9-1, with affinities in the nanomolar range as measured by surface plasmon resonance. Three selected Nbs were fused to alkaline phosphatase and eGFP to develop a sandwich ELISA test which showed a high diagnostic sensitivity (99.12%, 95% CI 95.21-99.98) and specificity (100%, 95% CI 96.31-100) and a detection limit of 0.236 ng/ml. Interestingly, these Nanobodies recognized different P9-1 conformations and were successfully employed to detect P9-1 in pull-down assays of infected maize extracts. Finally, we demonstrated that fusions of the Nbs to eGFP and RFP allowed the immunodetection of virus present in phloem cells of leaf thin sections. The Nbs developed in this work will aid the study of MRCV epidemiology, assist maize breeding programs, and be valuable tools to boost fundamental research on viroplasm structure and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Llauger
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA INTA, UEDD INTA/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Demián Monti
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA INTA, UEDD INTA/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías Adúriz
- INCUINTA, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), CICVyA INTA, UEDD INTA/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ema Romão
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Analía Delina Dumón
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFYMA), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto de Patología Vegetal (IPAVE), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda Mattio
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFYMA), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto de Patología Vegetal (IPAVE), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés Wigdorovitz
- INCUINTA, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), CICVyA INTA, UEDD INTA/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Cécile Vincke
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Viviana Parreño
- INCUINTA, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), CICVyA INTA, UEDD INTA/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Del Vas
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA INTA, UEDD INTA/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Li X, Yang X, Zheng X, Bai M, Hu D. Review on Structures of Pesticide Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7144. [PMID: 32998191 PMCID: PMC7582455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular targets play important roles in agrochemical discovery. Numerous pesticides target the key proteins in pathogens, insect, or plants. Investigating ligand-binding pockets and/or active sites in the proteins' structures is usually the first step in designing new green pesticides. Thus, molecular target structures are extremely important for the discovery and development of such pesticides. In this manuscript, we present a review of the molecular target structures, including those of antiviral, fungicidal, bactericidal, insecticidal, herbicidal, and plant growth-regulator targets, currently used in agrochemical research. The data will be helpful in pesticide design and the discovery of new green pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Xueqing Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China;
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
| | - Miao Bai
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
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Wu N, Zhang L, Ren Y, Wang X. Rice black-streaked dwarf virus: From multiparty interactions among plant-virus-vector to intermittent epidemics. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020; 21:1007-1019. [PMID: 32510844 PMCID: PMC7368121 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) (species Rice black-streaked dwarf virus, genus Fijivirus, family Reoviridae) is the causal agent of rice black-streaked dwarf and maize rough dwarf diseases, which occur in intermittent epidemics in East Asian countries and are responsible for considerable yield losses. Intermittency of epidemics make accurate forecasting and designing of effective management strategies difficult. However, recent insights into host-virus-vector insect interactions are now informing forecasting and disease control measures. Resistance genes are also being identified and mapped. SYMPTOMATOLOGY AND HOST RANGE RBSDV induces extreme stunting, darkened, and stiff leaves of crops and weeds only in the family Poaceae, including Oryza sativa, Zea mays, and Triticum aestivum. Infected plants produce totally or partially deformed panicles and remain alive through harvest. GENOME AND GENE FUNCTION The nonenveloped virus particles comprise a double-layered capsid, 50-nm core with genomic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and six proteins. The genome of RBSDV contains 10 segments of dsRNA, named S1 to S10 in decreasing order of molecular weight. Segments 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 encode the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), the major core structural protein, a protein with guanylyltransferase activity, an outer-shell B-spike protein, viral RNA-silencing suppressor, the major capsid protein, and the outer capsid protein, respectively. Each of the segments 5, 7, and 9 encodes two proteins: P5-1, a component of viroplasms; P5-2 of unknown function; nonstructural protein P7-1, involved in forming the structural matrix of tubular structures in infected tissues; P7-2 of unknown function; P9-1, the main component of viroplasms in infected cells and involved in viral replication; and P9-2 of unknown function. TRANSMISSION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY RBSDV is transmitted by Laodelphax striatellus in a persistent propagative manner. The vector insect is the only means of virus spread in nature, so its migration and transmission efficiency are obligatory for disease epidemics to develop. Susceptible varieties are widely planted, but efficient transmission by vectors is the primary reason for the epidemics. Cultivation system, pesticide overuse, and climatic conditions also contribute to epidemics by affecting the development of the vector insects and their population dynamics. DISEASE MANAGEMENT In the absence of resistant varieties, integrated disease management aims at disrupting the cycle of virus transmission by the insect vector. Inheritance studies have indicated that resistance is mostly governed by quantitative trait loci or multiple genes. Genetic engineering through RNA-interference and gene-editing strategies are potential approaches for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yingdang Ren
- Institute of Plant ProtectionHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
| | - Xifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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11
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He L, Chen X, Yang J, Zhang T, Li J, Zhang S, Zhong K, Zhang H, Chen J, Yang J. Rice black-streaked dwarf virus-encoded P5-1 regulates the ubiquitination activity of SCF E3 ligases and inhibits jasmonate signaling to benefit its infection in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:896-912. [PMID: 31318448 PMCID: PMC6972624 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
SCF (Skp1/Cullin1/F-box) complexes are key regulators of many cellular processes. Viruses encode specific factors to interfere with or hijack these complexes and ensure their infection in plants. The molecular mechanisms controlling this interference/hijack are currently largely unknown. Here, we present evidence of a novel strategy used by Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) to regulate ubiquitination in rice (Oryza sativa) by interfering in the activity of OsCSN5A. We also show that RBSDV P5-1 specifically affects CSN-mediated deRUBylation of OsCUL1, compromising the integrity of the SCFCOI1 complex. We demonstrate that the expressions of jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis-associated genes are not inhibited, whereas the expressions of JA-responsive genes are down-regulated in transgenic P5-1 plants. More importantly, application of JA to P5-1 transgenic plants did not reduce their susceptibility to RBSDV infection. Our results suggest that P5-1 inhibits the ubiquitination activity of SCF E3 ligases through an interaction with OsCSN5A, and hinders the RUBylation/deRUBylation of CUL1, leading to an inhibition of the JA response pathway and an enhancement of RBSDV infection in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long He
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315000China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant VirologyInstitute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing21000China
| | - Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315000China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315000China
- College of Plant ProtectionHunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha410000China
| | - Tianye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315000China
- College of Forestry and BiotechnologyZhejiang A&F UniversityLinan311300China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315000China
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- Institute of Plant ProtectionHunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangsha410000China
| | - Kaili Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315000China
| | - Hengmu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant VirologyInstitute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315000China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315000China
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12
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Zhang H, Tan X, He Y, Xie K, Li L, Wang R, Hong G, Li J, Li J, Taliansky M, MacFarlane S, Yan F, Chen J, Sun Z. Rice black-streaked dwarf virus P10 acts as either a synergistic or antagonistic determinant during superinfection with related or unrelated virus. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:641-655. [PMID: 30623552 PMCID: PMC6637905 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), a member of the genus Fijivirus, is a devastating pathogen of crop plants. RBSDV S10 encodes a capsid protein (P10) that is an important component of the double-layered particle. However, little information is available on the roles of RBSDV P10 in viral infection or in interactions with other viruses. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of P10 in plants alleviates the symptoms of both RBSDV and the closely related Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV), and reduces the disease incidence, but renders the plants more susceptible to the unrelated Rice stripe virus (RSV). Further experiments suggest that P10-mediated resistance to RBSDV and SRBSDV operates at the protein level, rather than the RNA level, and is not a result of post-transcriptional gene silencing. Transcriptomic data reveal that the expression of P10 in plants significantly suppresses the expression of rice defence-related genes, which may play important roles in resistance to RSV infection. After infection with RBSDV, plants are more resistant to subsequent challenge by SRBSDV, but more susceptible to RSV. Overall, these results indicate that P10 acts as an important effector in virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehong Zhang
- Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315211China
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
| | - Xiaoxiang Tan
- Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315211China
- College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest Agriculture and Forestry UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina
| | - Yuqing He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
| | - Kaili Xie
- Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315211China
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
| | - Lulu Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
| | - Rong Wang
- Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315211China
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Gaojie Hong
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
| | - Junmin Li
- Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315211China
| | - Jing Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
| | - Michael Taliansky
- The James Hutton Institute, Cell and Molecular Sciences GroupInvergowrieDundeeDD2 5DAUK
| | - Stuart MacFarlane
- The James Hutton Institute, Cell and Molecular Sciences GroupInvergowrieDundeeDD2 5DAUK
| | - Fei Yan
- Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315211China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315211China
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
| | - Zongtao Sun
- Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315211China
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
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13
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Xie K, Li L, Zhang H, Wang R, Tan X, He Y, Hong G, Li J, Ming F, Yao X, Yan F, Sun Z, Chen J. Abscisic acid negatively modulates plant defence against rice black-streaked dwarf virus infection by suppressing the jasmonate pathway and regulating reactive oxygen species levels in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2504-2514. [PMID: 29920686 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a multifaceted role in plant immunity and can either increase resistance or increase susceptibility to some bacterial and fungal pathogens depending on the pathosystem. ABA is also known to mediate plant defence to some viruses. In this study, the relationship between the ABA pathway and rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) was investigated in rice. The expression of ABA pathway genes was significantly reduced upon RBSDV infection. Application of exogenous hormones and various ABA pathway mutants revealed that the ABA pathway plays a negative role in rice defence against RBSDV. Exogenous hormone treatment and virus inoculation showed that ABA inhibits the jasmonate-mediated resistance to RBSDV. ABA treatment also suppressed accumulation of reactive oxygen species by inducing the expression of superoxidase dismutases and catalases. Thus, ABA modulates the rice-RBSDV interaction by suppressing the jasmonate pathway and regulating reactive oxygen species levels. This is the first example of ABA increasing susceptibility to a plant virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Xie
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key laboratory of Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key laboratory of Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hehong Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key laboratory of Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key laboratory of Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Tan
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key laboratory of Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing He
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key laboratory of Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gaojie Hong
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key laboratory of Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junmin Li
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Feng Ming
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Yao
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zongtao Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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14
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Bravo JPK, Borodavka A, Barth A, Calabrese AN, Mojzes P, Cockburn JJB, Lamb DC, Tuma R. Stability of local secondary structure determines selectivity of viral RNA chaperones. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:7924-7937. [PMID: 29796667 PMCID: PMC6125681 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To maintain genome integrity, segmented double-stranded RNA viruses of the Reoviridae family must accurately select and package a complete set of up to a dozen distinct genomic RNAs. It is thought that the high fidelity segmented genome assembly involves multiple sequence-specific RNA-RNA interactions between single-stranded RNA segment precursors. These are mediated by virus-encoded non-structural proteins with RNA chaperone-like activities, such as rotavirus (RV) NSP2 and avian reovirus σNS. Here, we compared the abilities of NSP2 and σNS to mediate sequence-specific interactions between RV genomic segment precursors. Despite their similar activities, NSP2 successfully promotes inter-segment association, while σNS fails to do so. To understand the mechanisms underlying such selectivity in promoting inter-molecular duplex formation, we compared RNA-binding and helix-unwinding activities of both proteins. We demonstrate that octameric NSP2 binds structured RNAs with high affinity, resulting in efficient intramolecular RNA helix disruption. Hexameric σNS oligomerizes into an octamer that binds two RNAs, yet it exhibits only limited RNA-unwinding activity compared to NSP2. Thus, the formation of intersegment RNA-RNA interactions is governed by both helix-unwinding capacity of the chaperones and stability of RNA structure. We propose that this protein-mediated RNA selection mechanism may underpin the high fidelity assembly of multi-segmented RNA genomes in Reoviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack P K Bravo
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Alexander Borodavka
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) and Centre for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CiPSM), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anders Barth
- Department of Chemistry, Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) and Centre for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CiPSM), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonio N Calabrese
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter Mojzes
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, CZ-12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Joseph J B Cockburn
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Don C Lamb
- Department of Chemistry, Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) and Centre for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CiPSM), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Tuma
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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15
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Hall D, Takagi J, Nakamura H. Foreword to 'Multiscale structural biology: biophysical principles and mechanisms underlying the action of bio-nanomachines', a special issue in Honour of Fumio Arisaka's 70th birthday. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:105-129. [PMID: 29500796 PMCID: PMC5899743 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This issue of Biophysical Reviews, titled 'Multiscale structural biology: biophysical principles and mechanisms underlying the action of bio-nanomachines', is a collection of articles dedicated in honour of Professor Fumio Arisaka's 70th birthday. Initially, working in the fields of haemocyanin and actin filament assembly, Fumio went on to publish important work on the elucidation of structural and functional aspects of T4 phage biology. As his career has transitioned levels of complexity from proteins (hemocyanin) to large protein complexes (actin) to even more massive bio-nanomachinery (phage), it is fitting that the subject of this special issue is similarly reflective of his multiscale approach to structural biology. This festschrift contains articles spanning biophysical structure and function from the bio-molecular through to the bio-nanomachine level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Hall
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-1- Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Junichi Takagi
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-1- Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Haruki Nakamura
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-1- Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
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16
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Tao T, Zhou CJ, Wang Q, Chen XR, Sun Q, Zhao TY, Ye JC, Wang Y, Zhang ZY, Zhang YL, Guo ZJ, Wang XB, Li DW, Yu JL, Han CG. Rice black streaked dwarf virus P7-2 forms a SCF complex through binding to Oryza sativa SKP1-like proteins, and interacts with GID2 involved in the gibberellin pathway. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177518. [PMID: 28494021 PMCID: PMC5426791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a core subunit of the SCF complex that promotes protein degradation through the 26S proteasome, S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1) plays important roles in multiple cellular processes in eukaryotes, including gibberellin (GA), jasmonate, ethylene, auxin and light responses. P7-2 encoded by Rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), a devastating viral pathogen that causes severe symptoms in infected plants, interacts with SKP1 from different plants. However, whether RBSDV P7-2 forms a SCF complex and targets host proteins is poorly understood. In this study, we conducted yeast two-hybrid assays to further explore the interactions between P7-2 and 25 type I Oryza sativa SKP1-like (OSK) proteins, and found that P7-2 interacted with eight OSK members with different binding affinity. Co-immunoprecipitation assay further confirmed the interaction of P7-2 with OSK1, OSK5 and OSK20. It was also shown that P7-2, together with OSK1 and O. sativa Cullin-1, was able to form the SCF complex. Moreover, yeast two-hybrid assays revealed that P7-2 interacted with gibberellin insensitive dwarf2 (GID2) from rice and maize plants, which is essential for regulating the GA signaling pathway. It was further demonstrated that the N-terminal region of P7-2 was necessary for the interaction with GID2. Overall, these results indicated that P7-2 functioned as a component of the SCF complex in rice, and interaction of P7-2 with GID2 implied possible roles of the GA signaling pathway during RBSDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui-Ji Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Ru Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Chun Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Jian Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Gui Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Structure and components of the globular and filamentous viroplasms induced by Rice black-streaked dwarf virus. Micron 2017; 98:12-23. [PMID: 28359957 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Viroplasms of members of the family Reoviridae are considered to be viral factories for genome replication and virion assembly. Globular and filamentous phenotypes have different components and probably have different functions. We used transmission electron microscopy and electron tomography to examine the structure and components of the two viroplasm phenotypes induced by Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV). Immuno-gold labeling was used to localize each of the 13 RBSDV encoded proteins as well as double-stranded RNA, host cytoskeleton actin-11 and α-tubulin. Ten of the RBSDV proteins were localized in one or both types of viroplasm. P5-1, P6 and P9-1 were localized on both viroplasm phenotypes but P5-1 was preferentially associated with filaments and P9-1 with the matrix. Structural analysis by electron tomography showed that osmiophilic granules 6-8nm in diameter served as the fundamental unit for constructing both of the viroplasm phenotypes but were more densely packed in the filamentous phenotype.
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18
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Llauger G, de Haro LA, Alfonso V, Del Vas M. Interaction of Mal de Río Cuarto virus (Fijivirus genus) proteins and identification of putative factors determining viroplasm formation and decay. Virus Res 2017; 230:19-28. [PMID: 28087398 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mal de Río Cuarto virus (MRCV) is a member of the Fijivirus genus, within the Reoviridae family, that replicates and assembles in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies called viroplasms. In this study, we investigated interactions between ten MRCV proteins by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays and identified interactions of non-structural proteins P6/P6, P9-2/P9-2 and P6/P9-1. P9-1 and P6 are the major and minor components of the viroplasms respectively, whereas P9-2 is an N-glycosylated membrane protein of unknown function. Interactions involving P6 and P9-1 were confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) in rice protoplasts. We demonstrated that a region including a predicted coiled-coil domain within the C-terminal moiety of P6 was necessary for P6/P6 and P6/P9-1 interactions. In turn, a short C-terminal arm was necessary for the previously reported P9-1 self-interaction. Transient expression of these proteins by agroinfiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves showed very low accumulation levels and further in silico analyses allowed us to identify conserved PEST degradation sequences [rich in proline (P), glutamic acid (E), serine (S), and threonine (T)] within P6 and P9-1. The removal of these PEST sequences resulted in a significant increase of the accumulation of both proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Llauger
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IB-INTA), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Luis Alejandro de Haro
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IB-INTA), Hurlingham, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Alfonso
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IB-INTA), Hurlingham, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Del Vas
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IB-INTA), Hurlingham, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Huang HJ, Liu CW, Zhou X, Zhang CX, Bao YY. A mitochondrial membrane protein is a target for rice ragged stunt virus in its insect vector. Virus Res 2016; 229:48-56. [PMID: 28034779 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV; Reoviridae) is exclusively transmitted by the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens in a persistent-propagative manner. It is understood that RNA viral proliferation is associated with the intracellular membranes of the insect host cells. However, the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between the RRSV proliferation and the intracellular membranes remain essentially unknown. It will be of great interest to determine whether RRSV protein(s) directly interact with intracellular membrane components of its host cells. In this study, we identified a RRSV nonstructural protein Pns10 interacting with a host oligomycin-sensitivity conferral protein (OSCP) using yeast two-hybrid system. The interaction between RRSV Pns10 and N. lugens OSCP was verified by a glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay. Confocal miscopy revealed colocalization of these two proteins in the cytoplasm of the salivary gland cells during the viral infection. The virions were further detected in the mitochondria under confocal miscopy and transmission electron microscopy combined with western blotting assay. This is the first observation that RRSV protein has a direct link with mitochondria. Suppressing OSCP gene expression by RNA interference notably decreased the viral loads in RRSV-infected insects. These findings revealed novel aspects of a viral protein in targeting the host mitochondrial membrane and provide insights concerning the mitochondrial membrane protein-based virus proliferation mode in the insect vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Cheng-Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yan-Yuan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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20
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Abstract
Rice reoviruses, transmitted by leafhopper or planthopper vectors in a persistent propagative manner, seriously threaten the stability of rice production in Asia. Understanding the mechanisms that enable viral transmission by insect vectors is a key to controlling these viral diseases. This review describes current understanding of replication cycles of rice reoviruses in vector cell lines, transmission barriers, and molecular determinants of vector competence and persistent infection. Despite recent breakthroughs, such as the discoveries of actin-based tubule motility exploited by viruses to overcome transmission barriers and mutually beneficial relationships between viruses and bacterial symbionts, there are still many gaps in our knowledge of transmission mechanisms. Advances in genome sequencing, reverse genetics systems, and molecular technologies will help to address these problems. Investigating the multiple interaction systems among the virus, insect vector, insect symbiont, and plant during natural infection in the field is a central topic for future research on rice reoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyun Wei
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, People's Republic of China;
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China;
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21
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A phloem-limited fijivirus induces the formation of neoplastic phloem tissues that house virus multiplication in the host plant. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29848. [PMID: 27432466 PMCID: PMC4949464 DOI: 10.1038/srep29848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of phloem-limited viruses induce the development of tumours (enations) in the veins of host plants, but the relevance of tumour induction to the life cycle of those viruses is unclear. In this study, we performed molecular and structural analyses of tumours induced by rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV, genus Fijivirus) infection in maize plants. The transcript level of the maize cdc2 gene, which regulates the cell cycle, was highly elevated in tumour tissues. Two-dimensional electrophoresis identified 25 cellular proteins with altered accumulation in the tumour tissues. These proteins are involved in various metabolic pathways, including photosynthesis, redox, energy pathways and amino acid synthesis. Histological analysis indicated that the tumours predominantly originated from hyperplastic growth of phloem, but those neoplastic tissues have irregular structures and cell arrangements. Immunodetection assays and electron microscopy observations indicated that in the shoots, RBSDV is confined to phloem and tumour regions and that virus multiplication actively occurs in the tumour tissue, as indicated by the high accumulation of non-structural proteins and formation of viroplasms in the tumour cells. Thus, the induction of tumours by RBSDV infection provides a larger environment that is favourable for virus propagation in the host plant.
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22
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Chen Q, Chen H, Jia D, Mao Q, Xei L, Wei T. Nonstructural protein Pns12 of rice dwarf virus is a principal regulator for viral replication and infection in its insect vector. Virus Res 2015. [PMID: 26200955 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Plant reoviruses are thought to replicate and assemble within cytoplasmic structures called viroplasms. The molecular mechanisms underling the formation of the viroplasm during infection of rice dwarf virus (RDV), a plant reovirus, in its leafhopper vector cells remain poorly understood. Viral nonstructural protein Pns12 forms viroplasm-like inclusions in the absence of viral infection, suggesting that the viroplasm matrix is basically composed of Pns12. Here, we demonstrated that core capsid protein P3 and nonstructural protein Pns11 were recruited in the viroplasm by direct interaction with Pns12, whereas nonstructural protein Pns6 was recruited through interaction with Pns11. The introduction of dsRNA from Pns12 gene into cultured insect vector cells or intact insect strongly inhibited such viroplasm formation, preventing efficient viral spread in the leafhopper in vitro and in vivo. Thus, nonstructural protein Pns12 of RDV is a principal regulator for viral replication and infection in its insect vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Jia
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Qianzhuo Mao
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Lianhui Xei
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China.
| | - Taiyun Wei
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China.
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23
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Studies of binding interactions between Dufulin and southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus P9-1. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3629-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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24
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Li X, Zhang W, Ding Y, Wang Z, Wu Z, Yu L, Hu D, Li P, Song B. Characterization of the importance of terminal residues for southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus P9-1 viroplasm formations. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 111:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Liu XY, Yang J, Xie L, Li J, Song XJ, Chen JP, Zhang HM. P5-2 of rice black-streaked dwarf virus is a non-structural protein targeted to chloroplasts. Arch Virol 2015; 160:1211-7. [PMID: 25749897 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The genome segment S5 of rice black-streaked dwarf virus (genus Fijivirus, family Reoviridae) is functionally bicistronic in infected plants. It has a conserved second ORF (P5-2) partially overlapping the major ORF in a different reading frame, but its function remains unknown. P5-2 was detected in infected plants, but not in purified viral particles by Western blotting, indicating that it is a non-structural protein. In immunoelectron microscopy, polyclonal antibodies against P5-2 specifically labelled chloroplasts of infected rice plants. When P5-2 fused with green fluorescent protein was transiently expressed in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana, fluorescence was also co-localized with chloroplasts. Experiments with deletion mutants of P5-2 showed that its N-terminal part was responsible for its targeting to chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ya Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
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26
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Wang Z, Li X, Wang W, Zhang W, Yu L, Hu D, Song B. Interaction research on the antiviral molecule dufulin targeting on southern rice black streaked dwarf virus p9-1 nonstructural protein. Viruses 2015; 7:1454-73. [PMID: 25807053 PMCID: PMC4379580 DOI: 10.3390/v7031454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Southern rice black streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) causes severe harm to rice production. Unfortunately, studies on effective antiviral drugs against SRBSDV and interaction mechanism of antiviral molecule targeting on SRBSDV have not been reported. This study found dufulin (DFL), an ideal anti-SRBSDV molecule, and investigated the interactions of DFL targeting on the nonstructural protein P9-1. The biological sequence information and bonding characterization of DFL to four kinds of P9-1 protein were described with fluorescence titration (FT) and microscale thermophoresis (MST) assays. The sequence analysis indicated that P9-1 had highly-conserved C- and N-terminal amino acid residues and a hypervariable region that differed from 131 aa to 160 aa. Consequently, wild-type (WT-His-P9-1), 23 C-terminal residues truncated (TR-ΔC23-His-P9-1), 6 N-terminal residues truncated (TR-ΔN6-His-P9-1), and Ser138 site-directed (MU-138-His-P9-1) mutant proteins were expressed. The FT and MST assay results indicated that DFL bounded to WT-His-P9-1 with micromole affinity and the 23 C-terminal amino acids were the potential targeting site. This system, which combines a complete sequence analysis, mutant protein expression, and binding action evaluating system, could further advance the understanding of the interaction abilities between antiviral drugs and their targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Xiangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Wenli Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Weiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Lu Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Baoan Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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27
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Characterization of homologous and heterologous interactions between viroplasm proteins P6 and P9-1 of the fijivirus southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus. Arch Virol 2014; 160:453-7. [PMID: 25377635 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
P6 of southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is a multifunctional protein that is involved in the formation of viroplasms by interacting with P5-1. Here, we used yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays to show that there were homologous and heterologous interactions between SRBSDV P6 and P9-1 in yeast and plant cells. Mutational analysis showed that the N-terminal region (residues 1-93) of P6 was necessary for the interaction between P6 and P9-1. Self-interactions only occurred between the full-length P6 or P9-1. P9-1 was able to form viroplasm-like inclusion structures alone in the absence of other viral proteins.
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28
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Abstract
The family Reoviridae separates two subfamilies and consists of 15 genera. Fourteen viruses in three genera (Phytoreovirus, Oryzavirus, and Fijivirus) infect plants. The outbreaks of the plant-infecting reoviruses cause sometime the serious yield loss of rice and maize, and are a menace to safe and efficient food production in the Southeast Asia. The plant-infecting reoviruses are double-shelled icosahedral particles, from 50 to 80nm in diameter, and include from 10 to 12 segmented double-stranded genomic RNAs depending on the viruses. These viruses are transmitted in a persistent manner by the vector insects and replicated in both plants and in their vectors. This review provides a brief overview of the plant-infecting reoviruses and their recent research progresses including the strategy for viral controls using transgenic rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Sasaya
- Agro-Environment Research Division,NARO Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center
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29
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The molecular biology of Bluetongue virus replication. Virus Res 2013; 182:5-20. [PMID: 24370866 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The members of Orbivirus genus within the Reoviridae family are arthropod-borne viruses which are responsible for high morbidity and mortality in ruminants. Bluetongue virus (BTV) which causes disease in livestock (sheep, goat, cattle) has been in the forefront of molecular studies for the last three decades and now represents the best understood orbivirus at a molecular and structural level. The complex nature of the virion structure has been well characterised at high resolution along with the definition of the virus encoded enzymes required for RNA replication; the ordered assembly of the capsid shell as well as the protein and genome sequestration required for it; and the role of host proteins in virus entry and virus release. More recent developments of Reverse Genetics and Cell-Free Assembly systems have allowed integration of the accumulated structural and molecular knowledge to be tested at meticulous level, yielding higher insight into basic molecular virology, from which the rational design of safe efficacious vaccines has been possible. This article is centred on the molecular dissection of BTV with a view to understanding the role of each protein in the virus replication cycle. These areas are important in themselves for BTV replication but they also indicate the pathways that related viruses, which includes viruses that are pathogenic to man and animals, might also use providing an informed starting point for intervention or prevention.
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Wang Q, Tao T, Han Y, Chen X, Fan Z, Li D, Yu J, Han C. Nonstructural protein P7-2 encoded by Rice black-streaked dwarf virus interacts with SKP1, a core subunit of SCF ubiquitin ligase. Virol J 2013; 10:325. [PMID: 24176102 PMCID: PMC3819663 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), a member of the genus Fijivirus within the family Reoviridae, causes severe damage to cereal crops in South East Asia. The protein P7-2, encoded by the second open reading frame of segment S7, is conserved among most plant-infecting fijiviruses, but its function is still obscure. RESULTS In this study, P7-2 was used as bait in two-hybrid screens of a cDNA library expressing Zea mays proteins. It was found that there is a strong interaction between P7-2 and Z. mays SKP1 (SKP1Maize), a core subunit of the multicomponent SCF (SKP1/Cullin1/F-box/Rbx1) E3 ubiquitin ligase. The interaction was then confirmed in leaf epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana by bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. Further investigations indicated that P7-2 also interacts with SKP1 proteins from other plants, including Arabidopsis thaliana, N. benthamiana,Oryza sativa and Saccharum sinense. The C-terminal fragment of SKP1Maize (residues 97-176) and the middle fragment of P7-2 (residues 79-214) are necessary to sustain the interaction, while the C-terminal putative α-helix domain spanning residues 214-295 of P7-2 greatly facilitates the interaction. Agrobacterium-mediated transient suppression assay showed that P7-2 has no obvious activity to suppress local RNA silencing. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results indicated that RBSDV P7-2 can interact with SKP1 proteins from different plants. This is the first report linking a Fijivirus protein to a component of the ubiquitin proteasome system. P7-2 might be a potential F-box protein encoded by RBSDV and involved in the plant-virus interaction through ubiquitination pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Tao Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiangru Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Zaifeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Chenggui Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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Miyazaki N, Nakagawa A, Iwasaki K. Life cycle of phytoreoviruses visualized by electron microscopy and tomography. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:306. [PMID: 24137159 PMCID: PMC3797527 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice dwarf virus and Rice gall dwarf virus, members of the genus Phytoreovirus in the family Reoviridae,are known as agents of rice disease, because their spread results in substantial economic damage in many Asian countries. These viruses are transmitted via insect vectors, and they multiply both in the plants and in the insect vectors. Structural information about the viruses and their interactions with cellular components in the life cycle are essential for understanding viral infection and replication mechanisms. The life cycle of the viruses involves various cellular events such as cell entry, synthesis of viral genome and proteins, assembly of viral components, viral egress from infected cells, and intra- and intercellular transports. This review focuses on the major events underlying the life cycle of phytoreoviruses, which has been visualized by various electron microscopy (EM) imaging techniques, including cryo-electron microscopy and tomography, and demonstrates the advantage of the advanced EM imaging techniques to investigate the viral infection and replication mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Miyazaki
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University Osaka, Japan ; National Institute for Physiological Sciences Okazaki, Japan
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32
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Songbai Z, Zhenguo D, Liang Y, Zhengjie Y, Kangcheng W, Guangpu L, Zujian W, Lianhui X. Identification and characterization of the interaction between viroplasm-associated proteins from two different plant-infecting reoviruses and eEF-1A of rice. Arch Virol 2013; 158:2031-9. [PMID: 23605590 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A rice protein homologous to eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A (eEF-1A) was found to interact with the Pns6 of rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV), the type member of the genus Oryzavirus, family Reoviridae, in yeast two-hybrid screening. The interaction between the rice protein, designated OseEF-1A, and RRSV Pns6 was confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Besides Pns6, OseEF-1A also interacted with the viroplasm matrix protein, Pns10, of RRSV. When expressed together, OseEF-1A co-localized with RRSV Pns10 in epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana. Pns6 of southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV), a newly reported member of the genus Fijivirus, family Reoviridae, was the only non-structural SRBSDV protein studied here that also interacted with OseEF-1A. Like Pns6 of rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), SRBSDV Pns6 interacted with itself and co-localized with Pns9-1 in N. benthamiana. In the presence of Pns6, OseEF-1A co-localized with Pns9-1, the putative viroplasm matrix protein of SRBSDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Songbai
- Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
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33
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Viroplasm protein P9-1 of Rice black-streaked dwarf virus preferentially binds to single-stranded RNA in its octamer form, and the central interior structure formed by this octamer constitutes the major RNA binding site. J Virol 2013; 87:12885-99. [PMID: 24067964 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02264-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The P9-1 protein of Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) is an essential part of the viroplasm. However, little is known about its nature or biological function in the viroplasm. In this study, the structure and function of P9-1 were analyzed for in vitro binding to nucleic acids. We found that the P9-1 protein preferentially bound to single-stranded versus double-stranded nucleic acids; however, the protein displayed no preference for RBSDV versus non-RBSDV single-stranded ssRNA (ssRNA). A gel mobility shift assay revealed that the RNA gradually shifted as increasing amounts of P9-1 were added, suggesting that multiple subunits of P9-1 bind to ssRNA. By using discontinuous blue native gel and chromatography analysis, we found that the P9-1 protein was capable of forming dimers, tetramers, and octamers. Strikingly, we demonstrated that P9-1 preferentially bound to ssRNA in the octamer, rather than the dimer, form. Deletion of the C-terminal arm resulted in P9-1 no longer forming octamers; consequently, the deletion mutant protein bound to ssRNA with significantly lower affinity and with fewer copies bound per ssRNA. Alanine substitution analysis revealed that electropositive amino acids among residues 25 to 44 are important for RNA binding and map to the central interior structure that was formed only by P9-1 octamers. Collectively, our findings provide novel insights into the structure and function of RBSDV viroplasm protein P9-1 binding to RNA.
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Yang J, Zhang HM, Ying L, Li J, Lv MF, Xie L, Li PP, Liu XY, Liang-Ying D, Chen JP. Rice black-streaked dwarf virus genome segment S5 is a bicistronic mRNA in infected plants. Arch Virol 2013; 159:307-14. [PMID: 24013236 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) is a recognized member of the genus Fijivirus, family Reoviridae. Genome segment S5 has a putative second ORF partially overlapping the major ORF but in a different reading frame. This putative ORF is present in a published sequence and in two Chinese isolates now sequenced. Antibodies were raised against purified P5-1 and P5-2 fusion proteins expressed in a prokaryotic system. In western blots, these antibodies reacted with proteins of about 106 and 27 kDa, respectively, as predicted by sequence analysis. In immunoelectron microscopy, antibodies to P5-1 reacted with viroplasms, indicating that P5-1 is a component of viroplasms, but no labeling was observed with P5-2 antisera. Northern blot assays showed that the genome segment S5 was transcribed as a single mRNA with no subgenomic RNA. These results show that S5 is functionally bicistronic in infected plants. Possible translational mechanisms for P5-2 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- College of Bio-Safety Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
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Li J, Xue J, Zhang HM, Yang J, Lv MF, Xie L, Meng Y, Li PP, Chen JP. Interactions between the P6 and P5-1 proteins of southern rice black-streaked dwarf fijivirus in yeast and plant cells. Arch Virol 2013; 158:1649-59. [PMID: 23474918 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is a recently described member of the genus Fijivirus, family Reoviridae. The roles of the proteins encoded by the SRBSDV genome have rarely been studied. In a yeast two-hybrid (YTH) assay in which SRBSDV P6, a putatively multifunctional protein, was used as bait and an SRBSDV cDNA library was used as prey, there was a strong interaction between the P6 and P5-1 proteins. The interaction was confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complement (BiFC) assay in plant cells. YTH analysis using truncated mutants showed that the N-terminal region (amino acids 9-231) of P5-1 is necessary for binding P5-1 to P6 and that the N-terminal fragment (amino acids 1-93) of P6 is necessary for its interaction with P5-1. SRBSDV P5-1 formed granules positioned at the cell periphery in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves; P6 was present in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus and formed punctate bodies associated with the cell periphery. Immunogold labeling showed that both P6 and P5-1 localized within viroplasms in infected cells of rice plants. These results suggest that the interaction between P5-1 and P6 of SRBSDV may be involved in the formation of viroplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China
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Mao Q, Zheng S, Han Q, Chen H, Ma Y, Jia D, Chen Q, Wei T. New model for the genesis and maturation of viroplasms induced by fijiviruses in insect vector cells. J Virol 2013; 87:6819-28. [PMID: 23576499 PMCID: PMC3676135 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00409-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant reoviruses are thought to replicate and assemble within cytoplasmic, nonmembranous structures called viroplasms. Here, we established continuous cell cultures of the white-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera Horváth) to investigate the mechanisms for the genesis and maturation of the viroplasm induced by Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV), a fijivirus in the family Reoviridae, during infection of its insect vector. Electron and confocal microscopy revealed that the viroplasm consisted of a granular region, where viral RNAs and nonstructural proteins P6 and P9-1 accumulated, and a filamentous region, where viral RNAs, progeny cores, viral particles, as well as nonstructural proteins P5 and P6 accumulated. Our results suggested that the filamentous viroplasm matrix was the site for the assembly of progeny virions. Because viral RNAs were produced by assembled core particles within the filamentous viroplasm matrix, we propose that these viral RNAs might be transported to the granular viroplasm matrix. P5 formed filamentous inclusions and P9-1 formed granular inclusions in the absence of viral infection, suggesting that the filamentous and granular viroplasm matrices were formed primarily by P5 and P9-1, respectively. P6 was apparently recruited in the whole viroplasm matrix by direct interaction with P9-1 and P5. Thus, the present results suggested that P5, P6, and P9-1 are collectively required for the genesis and maturation of the filamentous and granular viroplasm matrix induced by SRBSDV infection. Based on these results, we propose a new model to explain the genesis and maturation of the viroplasms induced by fijiviruses in insect vector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianzhuo Mao
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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Sun Z, Zhang S, Xie L, Zhu Q, Tan Z, Bian J, Sun L, Chen J. The secretory pathway and the actomyosin motility system are required for plasmodesmatal localization of the P7-1 of rice black-streaked dwarf virus. Arch Virol 2013; 158:1055-64. [PMID: 23271163 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1585-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), a plant-infecting reovirus (genus Fijivirus), generally induces virus-containing tubules in infected cells. The nonstructural protein P7-1, encoded by the first open reading frame of segment 7, is involved in forming the structural matrix of these tubules. In experiments to investigate the subcellular localization of P7-1 in Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal cells, fluorescence of P7-1:eGFP was observed in the nucleus, cytoplasm and cell periphery, and in punctate points along the cell wall of plasmolyzed cells. Co-localization with plasmodesmata-located protein 1 showed that P7-1 formed the punctate points at plasmodesmata. Mutational analysis demonstrated that transmembrane domain 1 and adjacent residues were necessary and sufficient for P7-1 to form punctate structures at the cell wall in the plasmolyzed cells. Chemical drug and protein inhibitor treatments indicated that P7-1 utilized the ER-to-Golgi secretory pathway and the actomyosin motility system for its intracellular transport. The plasmodesmatal localization of RBSDV P7-1 is therefore dependent on the secretory pathway and the actomyosin motility system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongtao Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
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Sun L, Xie L, Andika IB, Tan Z, Chen J. Non-structural protein P6 encoded by rice black-streaked dwarf virus is recruited to viral inclusion bodies by binding to the viroplasm matrix protein P9-1. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:1908-1916. [PMID: 23636822 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.051698-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Like other members of the family Reoviridae, rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV, genus Fijivirus) is thought to replicate and assemble within cytoplasmic viral inclusion bodies, commonly called viroplasms. RBSDV P9-1 is the key protein for the formation of viroplasms, but little is known about the other proteins of the viroplasm or the molecular interactions amongst its components. RBSDV non-structural proteins were screened for their association with P9-1 using a co-immunoprecipitation assay. Only P6 was found to directly interact with P9-1, an interaction that was confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that P6 and P9-1 co-localized in electron-dense inclusion bodies, indicating that P6 is a constituent of the viroplasm. In addition, non-structural protein P5 also localized to viroplasms and interacted with P6. In Sf9 cells, P6 was diffusely distributed throughout the cytoplasm when expressed alone, but localized to inclusions when co-expressed with P9-1, suggesting that P6 is recruited to viral inclusion bodies by binding to P9-1. P5 localized to the inclusions formed by P9-1 when co-expressed with P6 but did not when P6 was absent, suggesting that P5 is recruited to viroplasms by binding to P6. This study provides a model by which viral non-structural proteins are recruited to RBSDV viroplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Li Xie
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Ida Bagus Andika
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Zilong Tan
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
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Jia D, Guo N, Chen H, Akita F, Xie L, Omura T, Wei T. Assembly of the viroplasm by viral non-structural protein Pns10 is essential for persistent infection of rice ragged stunt virus in its insect vector. J Gen Virol 2012; 93:2299-2309. [PMID: 22837415 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.042424-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV), an oryzavirus, is transmitted by brown planthopper in a persistent propagative manner. In this study, sequential infection of RRSV in the internal organs of its insect vector after ingestion of virus was investigated by immunofluorescence microscopy. RRSV was first detected in the epithelial cells of the midgut, from where it proceeded to the visceral muscles surrounding the midgut, then throughout the visceral muscles of the midgut and hindgut, and finally into the salivary glands. Viroplasms, the sites of virus replication and assembly of progeny virions, were formed in the midgut epithelium, visceral muscles and salivary glands of infected insects and contained the non-structural protein Pns10 of RRSV, which appeared to be the major constituent of the viroplasms. Viroplasm-like structures formed in non-host insect cells following expression of Pns10 in a baculovirus system, suggesting that the viroplasms observed in RRSV-infected cells were composed basically of Pns10. RNA interference induced by ingestion of dsRNA from the Pns10 gene of RRSV strongly inhibited such viroplasm formation, preventing efficient virus infection and spread in its insect vectors. These results show that Pns10 of RRSV is essential for viroplasm formation and virus replication in the vector insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Jia
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Nianmei Guo
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Fusamichi Akita
- National Agricultural Research Center, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | - Lianhui Xie
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Toshihiro Omura
- National Agricultural Research Center, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | - Taiyun Wei
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
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Jia D, Chen H, Zheng A, Chen Q, Liu Q, Xie L, Wu Z, Wei T. Development of an insect vector cell culture and RNA interference system to investigate the functional role of fijivirus replication protein. J Virol 2012; 86:5800-7. [PMID: 22398296 PMCID: PMC3347266 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.07121-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An in vitro culture system of primary cells from white-backed planthopper, an insect vector of Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV), a fijivirus, was established to study replication of the virus. Viroplasms, putative sites of viral replication, contained the nonstructural viral protein P9-1, viral RNA, outer-capsid proteins, and viral particles in virus-infected cultured insect vector cells, as revealed by transmission electron and confocal microscopy. Formation of viroplasm-like structures in non-host insect cells upon expression of P9-1 suggested that the matrix of viroplasms observed in virus-infected cells was composed basically of P9-1. In cultured insect vector cells, knockdown of P9-1 expression due to RNA interference (RNAi) induced by synthesized double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from the P9-1 gene strongly inhibited viroplasm formation and viral infection. RNAi induced by ingestion of dsRNA strongly abolished viroplasm formation, preventing efficient viral spread in the body of intact vector insects. All these results demonstrated that P9-1 was essential for viroplasm formation and viral replication. This system, combining insect vector cell culture and RNA interference, can further advance our understanding of the biological activities of fijivirus replication proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Jia
- Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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