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Ni H, Zhang X, Huang J, Wang M, Cheng A, Liu M, Zhu D, Chen S, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Ou X, Sun D, Tian B, Jing B, Jia R. Duck plague virus-encoded microRNA dev-miR-D28-3p inhibits viral replication via targeting UL27. Vet Microbiol 2024; 297:110202. [PMID: 39094384 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Herpesviruses-encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) have been discovered to be essential regulators in viral life cycle, participating in viral replication, latent or lytic infection, and immunological escape. However, the roles of miRNAs encoded by duck plague virus (DPV) are still unknown. Dev-miR-D28-3p is a miRNA uniquely encoded by DPV CHv strain. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of dev-miR-D28-3p on DPV replication and explore the potential mechanisms involved. Our findings demonstrated that transfection of dev-miR-D28-3p mimic into duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs) effectively suppressed viral copies, viral titers and viral protein expressions during DPV infection, while the results above were reversed after transfection with dev-miR-D28-3p inhibitor. Subsequently, we further discovered that dev-miR-D28-3p specifically bound to DPV-encoded UL27 and inhibited its expression, suggesting that UL27 was the target gene of dev-miR-D28-3p. Finally, we investigated the role of UL27 in DPV replication and found the overexpression of UL27 increased viral copies, viral titers, and viral protein expressions; whereas the opposite results appear when knockdown of UL27. Our findings illustrated a novel mechanism that DPV regulated itself replication via dev-miR-D28-3p, paving the way for exploring the role of DPV-encoded miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ni
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China
| | - Xingcui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China.
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China
| | - Di Sun
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 611130, China.
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Dunn LEM, Birkenheuer CH, Baines JD. A Revision of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Transcription: First, Repress; Then, Express. Microorganisms 2024; 12:262. [PMID: 38399666 PMCID: PMC10892140 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The herpes virus genome bears more than 80 strong transcriptional promoters. Upon entry into the host cell nucleus, these genes are transcribed in an orderly manner, producing five immediate-early (IE) gene products, including ICP0, ICP4, and ICP22, while non-IE genes are mostly silent. The IE gene products are necessary for the transcription of temporal classes following sequentially as early, leaky late, and true late. A recent analysis using precision nuclear run-on followed by deep sequencing (PRO-seq) has revealed an important step preceding all HSV-1 transcription. Specifically, the immediate-early proteins ICP4 and ICP0 enter the cell with the incoming genome to help preclude the nascent antisense, intergenic, and sense transcription of all viral genes. VP16, which is also delivered into the nucleus upon entry, almost immediately reverses this repression on IE genes. The resulting de novo expression of ICP4 and ICP22 further repress antisense, intergenic, and early and late viral gene transcription through different mechanisms before the sequential de-repression of these gene classes later in infection. This early repression, termed transient immediate-early protein-mediated repression (TIEMR), precludes unproductive, antisense, intergenic, and late gene transcription early in infection to ensure the efficient and orderly progression of the viral cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E M Dunn
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Claire H Birkenheuer
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Joel D Baines
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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Tau RL, Ferreccio C, Bachir N, Torales F, Romera SA, Maidana SS. Comprehensive Analysis of Equid Herpesvirus Recombination: An Insight Into the Repeat Regions. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 130:104916. [PMID: 37704182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing of genomes has expanded our knowledge of the Alphaherpesvirinae, a widely extended subfamily of DNA viruses that recombine to increase their genetic diversity. It has been acknowledged that equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) and equid herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4), two alphaherpesviruses with an economic impact on the horse industry, can recombine. This work aimed to analyze interspecific recombination between all equid alphaherpesvirus species, using genomes of EHV-1, EHV-3, EHV-4, EHV-6, EHV-8, and EHV-9 available in GenBank. 14 events of recombination by RDP4 and Simplot between EHV-1 x EHV-4, EHV-1 x EHV-9, EHV-8 x EHV-1, and EHV-8 x EHV-9 were identified. Ten out of 14 events involved ORF64, a double-copy gene located at the repeat regions that codifies for the infected cell protein 4 (ICP4). Among the ICP4, recombination can be found between EHV-1 X EHV-9, EHV-8 X EHV-9, and EHV-1 X EHV-4, the former affects zebra-borne genotypes, a type of EHV-1 that infect wild equids, and the latter match with previous breakpoints reported in fields isolates. Consequently, these findings strongly suggest that ICP4 is a hotspot for recombination. This work describes novel recombination events and is the first genome-wide recombination analysis using all available equid alphaherpesvirus species genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Lucía Tau
- Institute of Virology and Technological Innovations, IVIT (INTA-CONICET), Dr Nicolas Repetto and De los Reseros, CP 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carola Ferreccio
- Institute of Virology and Technological Innovations, IVIT (INTA-CONICET), Dr Nicolas Repetto and De los Reseros, CP 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Chair of immunology, University of Salvador (USAL), Champagnat 1599, CP 1630, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Bachir
- Institute of Virology and Technological Innovations, IVIT (INTA-CONICET), Dr Nicolas Repetto and De los Reseros, CP 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fatima Torales
- Institute of Virology and Technological Innovations, IVIT (INTA-CONICET), Dr Nicolas Repetto and De los Reseros, CP 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Alejandra Romera
- Institute of Virology and Technological Innovations, IVIT (INTA-CONICET), Dr Nicolas Repetto and De los Reseros, CP 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Chair of immunology, University of Salvador (USAL), Champagnat 1599, CP 1630, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Soledad Maidana
- Institute of Virology and Technological Innovations, IVIT (INTA-CONICET), Dr Nicolas Repetto and De los Reseros, CP 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Chair of immunology, University of Salvador (USAL), Champagnat 1599, CP 1630, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Weiß E, Hennig T, Graßl P, Djakovic L, Whisnant AW, Jürges CS, Koller F, Kluge M, Erhard F, Dölken L, Friedel CC. HSV-1 Infection Induces a Downstream Shift of Promoter-Proximal Pausing for Host Genes. J Virol 2023; 97:e0038123. [PMID: 37093003 PMCID: PMC10231138 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00381-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection exerts a profound shutoff of host gene expression at multiple levels. Recently, HSV-1 infection was reported to also impact promoter-proximal RNA polymerase II (Pol II) pausing, a key step in the eukaryotic transcription cycle, with decreased and increased Pol II pausing observed for activated and repressed genes, respectively. Here, we demonstrate that HSV-1 infection induces more complex alterations in promoter-proximal pausing than previously suspected for the vast majority of cellular genes. While pausing is generally retained, it is shifted to more downstream and less well-positioned sites for most host genes. The downstream shift of Pol II pausing was established between 1.5 and 3 h of infection, remained stable until at least 6 hours postinfection, and was observed in the absence of ICP22. The shift in Pol II pausing does not result from alternative de novo transcription initiation at downstream sites or read-in transcription originating from disruption of transcription termination of upstream genes. The use of downstream secondary pause sites associated with +1 nucleosomes was previously observed upon negative elongation factor (NELF) depletion. However, downstream shifts of Pol II pausing in HSV-1 infection were much more pronounced than observed upon NELF depletion. Thus, our study reveals a novel aspect in which HSV-1 infection fundamentally reshapes host transcriptional processes, providing new insights into the regulation of promoter-proximal Pol II pausing in eukaryotic cells. IMPORTANCE This study provides a genome-wide analysis of changes in promoter-proximal polymerase II (Pol II) pausing on host genes induced by HSV-1 infection. It shows that standard measures of pausing, i.e., pausing indices, do not properly capture the complex and unsuspected alterations in Pol II pausing occurring in HSV-1 infection. Instead of a reduction of pausing with increased elongation, as suggested by pausing index analysis, HSV-1 infection leads to a shift of pausing to downstream and less well-positioned sites than in uninfected cells for the majority of host genes. Thus, HSV-1 infection fundamentally reshapes a key regulatory step at the beginning of the host transcriptional cycle on a genome-wide scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Weiß
- Institute of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Hennig
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pilar Graßl
- Institute of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lara Djakovic
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Adam W. Whisnant
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christopher S. Jürges
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Koller
- Institute of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Kluge
- Institute of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Erhard
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lars Dölken
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Caroline C. Friedel
- Institute of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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